Manuel S.

Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering

An Autonomous University

MATH100-ALGEBRA &TRIGONOMETRY
Course Syllabus

ENGR.DARWIN D. ARCELO
INSTRUCTOR
College of Engineering
 Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering
An Autonomous University

LAW OF EXPONENTS
1. 𝑥 𝑚 ∙ 𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑥 𝑚+𝑛

𝑥𝑚
2. = 𝑥 𝑚−𝑛
𝑥𝑛

3. 𝑥𝑚 𝑛
= 𝑥 𝑚𝑛

𝑛
4. 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥𝑛𝑦𝑛
1
5. 𝑥𝑚 𝑛 = 𝑥 𝑚/𝑛
𝑥 𝑛 𝑥𝑛
6. 𝑦
= 𝑦𝑛
0
7. 𝑥 = 1
1
8. 𝑥 −𝑛 = 𝑛
 Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering
An Autonomous University

EXAMPLES:

1. 2𝑥+1

2. 3𝑥∙1

3. 83 𝑥

4. 2𝑥 3
 Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering
An Autonomous University

Solve for x:

• 16−𝑥+1 = 8
 Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering
An Autonomous University

4 52𝑛+1 −10(52𝑛−1 )
• Evaluate: 𝑦 = 2(52𝑛 )
 Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering
An Autonomous University

POLYNOMIALS

• Is an algebraic expression that can be written

as a finite sum of terms of each of which is a
number or the product of a numerical factor
and one or more variable factors raised to
whole number powers.

2 − 𝑥3 − 𝑥4
 Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering
An Autonomous University

Add the following sets of polynomials

• 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 4𝑦, 7𝑥 2 − 2𝑦 − 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 4𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 𝑦 − 7
 Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering
An Autonomous University

• Subtract 4x-y-3 from 2x-y-4

 Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering
An Autonomous University

• Subtract 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 5 from the sum of -3x-y+5

and x+8y-3
 Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering
An Autonomous University

POLYNOMIALS

• Expanding Brackets
• By multiplying two brackets together , each term in
one bracket is multiplied by each term of the other
bracket.

𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄 𝒅 + 𝒆 = 𝒂𝒅 + 𝒂𝒆 + 𝒃𝒅 + 𝒃𝒆 + 𝒄𝒅 + 𝒄𝒆
 Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering
An Autonomous University

SPECIAL PRODUCTS AND FACTORING

1. 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 𝑥2 − 𝑦2

2. (𝑥 + 𝑦)2 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2

3. (𝑥 − 𝑦)2 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2

4. (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑧 + 2𝑦𝑧

5. 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )

6. 𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3 = (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )
 Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering
An Autonomous University

EXAMPLE:

• 3𝑥 2 𝑦 4 𝑧 2 𝑤 9 (−4𝑥𝑦𝑧 4 𝑤𝑣)
 Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering
An Autonomous University

• (2𝑥 − 3𝑦)(4𝑥 + 5𝑦)

 Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering
An Autonomous University

DIVISION OF POLYNOMIALS

Long Division Method

• 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 (𝑥 4 − 10𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 − 20) 𝑏𝑦 𝒙 − 𝟒
 Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering
An Autonomous University

DIVISION OF POLYNOMIALS

Synthetic Division Method

• 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 (𝑥 4 − 10𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 − 20) 𝑏𝑦 𝒙 − 𝟒
 Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering
An Autonomous University

FACTORING

Quadratic Equations
𝑨𝒙𝟐 + 𝑩𝒙 + 𝑪

Quadratic Formula:
𝐵 ± 𝐵 2 − 4𝐴𝐶
𝑥=−
2𝐴
 Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering
An Autonomous University

SPECIAL PRODUCTS AND FACTORING

1. 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 𝑥2 − 𝑦2

2. (𝑥 + 𝑦)2 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2

3. (𝑥 − 𝑦)2 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2

4. (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑧 + 2𝑦𝑧

5. 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )

6. 𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3 = (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )
 Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering
An Autonomous University

SPECIAL PRODUCTS AND FACTORING

1. 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 𝑥2 − 𝑦2

2. (𝑥 + 𝑦)2 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2

3. (𝑥 − 𝑦)2 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2

4. (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑧 + 2𝑦𝑧

5. 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )

6. 𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3 = (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )
 Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering
An Autonomous University

FACTORING

1. 24𝑥 2 − 18𝑥 3

2. 9𝑎2 − 25𝑏2

3. 4𝑥 2 − 49𝑦 6

4. 8𝑥 3 − 125
 Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering
An Autonomous University

Factoring by grouping

1. 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎𝑦 − 𝑏𝑥 − 𝑏𝑦

2. 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 − 1

3. 𝑥 5 − 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 1
 Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering
An Autonomous University

Simplifying Fractions

𝒂𝒄 𝒂
= ;𝒃 ≠ 𝟎 ,𝒄 ≠ 𝟎
𝒃𝒄 𝒃

𝒙−𝒚 𝒙−𝒚
𝒙−𝒚
= 𝟏 and 𝒚−𝒙
= −𝟏
 Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering
An Autonomous University

Example:

𝑥 2 −4
1. 2𝑥−4

2𝑥 2 −3𝑥+1
2. 2𝑥 2 +𝑥−1

6𝑥 3𝑛 𝑦 𝑛 +6𝑥 2𝑛 𝑦 𝑛
3. 𝑥 2𝑛 −1
 Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering
An Autonomous University

Multiplication and Division of Fractions

𝑎 𝑐 𝑎𝑐
𝑏
∙ = 𝑑 𝑏𝑑
, where 𝑏 ≠ 0, 𝑑 ≠ 0

𝑎 𝑐 𝑎𝑑
÷𝑑 = ,where 𝑏 ≠ 0, 𝑑 ≠ 0
𝑏 𝑏𝑐
 Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering
An Autonomous University

Examples:

𝑥 2 𝑦−𝑥𝑦 𝑦 3 +𝑦 2 𝑦2
1. 𝑦 2 −1
∙ 𝑥 3 −𝑥 2
÷ 𝑦−1
Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering
An Autonomous University

𝒙𝟒 − 𝟏𝟔 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟏𝟔 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟒𝒙
∙ ÷
𝒙𝟑 − 𝟔𝟒 𝒙𝟒 − 𝟓𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙
 Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering
An Autonomous University

LAW OF RADICALS
𝑛
1. 𝑛
𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥𝑛 𝑦
𝑛
𝑛 𝑥 𝑥
2. 𝑦
= 𝑛 𝑦

1
3. 𝑦 𝑛 = 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑥 , 𝑦 = 𝑛
𝑛
𝑥
𝑚
𝑛
4. 𝑥 = 𝑛 𝑥𝑚
𝑚 𝑛 𝑚𝑛
5. 𝑥= 𝑥
6. 𝑎𝑏 = 𝑎 𝑏
 Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering
An Autonomous University

𝟑
Solve for x: 𝟖 𝟒 𝟒 𝒙 = 𝟒
 Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering
An Autonomous University

𝟒 𝟑
Solve for x if 𝟖 𝟐 𝟖𝒙 = 𝟐
Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering
An Autonomous University

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