414

THE DEFINITE INTEGRA

LAND 1NTEGRAr10N

,
ular e1e .
~--------
rnent s of area p arallel to tbc axis< .
. ll h . , J1 rev I
-. -.. I
5] With rectang . Jume cylindncal she s avmg a tnc· '' u.
[O 1 90 .
. ' · btain as eJeme . ( )
rtts of vo . d h' k an r1t,J'
f(mJ] units an at 1c -. ne(js or6. ~u ~
110 11 we ?t an altitude o1 [~ 111! the volume of the shell ,x unit\
of ,111 uni s. . . V cubic units is
Therefore, if fl, f
] A
(rn) u.,x
- 2mnlg(m, - ) 1
• • •
ll1V - lume of the s0]1d of r evolu tion
. its is the vo -
Thu s if V cubic un
,, f·( )] A X
== Jim ~ 21rm;[g(11i;) - m, '
V 11a11~0 i= t

f
•

= '°' 21Tx[g(x) - f(x)] dx

[(4 - x2) - sinVx 2 + 4] dx

-- L(' _905? -1TX
0

We evaluate the defini·te integra1 to four significant digits on our graphics

_

calculator and obtain _

NINT(21rx(4 - x 2 - sinVx 2 + 4), 0, 1-.995) = 17.41
Conclusion: The. volume to four significant digits is 17.41 cubic units.

EXERCISES 4. 10 - · - ·
1-12. Solve Exercises 5 through 16 in Section 4.9 by the . 15. R2 is revolved about the x axis; the rectangular
cylindrical-shell method. elements a~e parallel to the axis of revolution.
In ;he figure below, the region bounded by the x axis, the 16. Same as Exercise I 5, but the rectangular elements
line x = 1. and the curve y = x 2 is denoted by R1; the are perpendicular to _the axis of revolution.
region bounded by the two curves y = x 2 and y2 = x is
17. R3-is revolved· about the .line y = 2; the rectangular
de1101ed by R2: the region bounded by they axis, the fin~
y - = I, and the curve )'2 = x is· denoted by R3. l" Exer- elements are parallel to the axis of revolution.
- ,1
mes 13 rhrou~h 2_0, find the volume of the solid gener- . 18. Same•
as Exercise 17 ' .but the rectanoular
I::;
elements
a~ed wl~en the mdtcated region is_ revolved about th . _ are-perpendicular to the· axis of revolution.
gi ven /me. e
19· R2 is revolved about t-he line x = -2; the rectangular
elements are parallel to the axis of revolution.
-ZO. Same as Exercise 19, but the rectangular elements
are perpendicular to the axis of revolution .
In Exercises 21 through 24, th e region bounded by rhe
curves x = 2 d boll! 111t
Y - 2 and x = 6 - v- is re volve a
J
• d"
111 teated ax· . c-• d · · . . •tired.
ts . rtn the volume of the solid gene,
21. the x axis
X 22. the y axis
23. the l' ?
me x = 2 24. the line Y === -
13 R · 25. Find th I . I reoion
• I is revolved about the , . . b e vo ume of the solid o-enerated 1f cie 111~ d
elements are parallel to i~1:x1s'. the rectangular .ou nd ed by the parabola y 2 ; 4 px (p > O) " 11
l ine x -
14. Same as E . axis of revolL11 10n.
· ·
xercise 13 . - P ts revolved about x = p. .
are per d. , but the . 26. Find the . . h r~g1ofl
pen tcular to th . 'ectangular el . volume of the solid generated 1f t e
e axis of revo} . einents 0f E
Ulton . . xercise 25 is revolved about the r axis. .,
~7. Fmct the · .,voivlllf
abo . volume of the solid ge nera ted by i c 11 of
' Ut the ,. ax· . h . . ., or:1P
y ::::: 3x _· _3 15 t e re;J.On bounde~ by 1~1.. ~
..\ , the x axis, and the lmc ., - 1·
 \
CHAPTER 4 REVIEW 41S

of the· solid generated by revolving

Take the l'ectan ul · . . .
c·nd the volfurnE:ercise 27 about the lin e x = 1. nxis of revolutio~1 . a, elements of area parallel to the
,i rl ·on 0
I"' the regi .• of the solid generated by revolving
In· Erer· ,· ., 4 / throu h 50
c·od the volu01e ,
E ample 2 <1bout I " 1· .-
t 1e me .\ - l . · l .,es ·
,~. rl ·onof x . . ics calculator to fi I gl , you need to use your graph-
' theregt of the sohd generated by revolvmg . 11ll t 1e ,,o/um ~ f ti1 / 'd
,oJume revo /vinR ahout ti , . I' . e _O. e so , generated by
F ·nd the' ,·. t·lie reoion bounded by the graph of
l signified exe,·c•,·.,e 1,e lE~1c ica~ed ax,s the region of the
1o, h ,· axis :, . _ . . . .I' . '' /1'1 • '(('f'ClP . 4 9 lj
· 1,011! t e· 1 . J the x axis. they axis. and the hne shell method a,u; _. : · £'. .\ · · se the cylind,:ical
3
\' ,, 4,. - r' · digits. I <'). /)I ess your answer In .fnur signfficanc
,
1 ::: ~· e of the solid generated by revolvino
. he vo1u111 _ . o 41. ihe region of Ex ·
erc,se 41 about the v axis.
11. findt . f Exercise 30 about the lme x = 2.
·
therer1on o . 42. The region of Exercise 42 about the ~ axis.
• e volume of the so_lid generated by revolving
th
.1•. Find ~ion bou nded by the ::-oraph of .,, = 4. .\' - ls .,, '
1
4 43. The region of Exercise 43 about the x axis.
the re_. ,. and the line y = 6 about the hne x = 2. 44. The region of Exercise 44 about the x axis.
:he_,axis. . .
. volume of the sohd generated by revolvmg 45. The region of Exercise 45 abour the Y axrs.
., find t11e . h .
s · . n of Exercise 32 about t e y axis. - 46 · The region of Exercise 46 about the line x = ½½ .
:be reg10 . .
. dthe volume of the solid generated by revolving 47. The region of Exercise 47 about the line x = 2.
14. f1n . .
· about the x axis th: region bounded by the curves _
48. The regiori of Exercise 48 about the line x = - I.
= x-' and x, = y-'. Take the rect~ngular elements of
1
:rea parallel to the axis of revolution. . · 49. The region of Exercise 49 about the y axis.
:3. Find the volume of the solid generated by revolvi~g 50. The region of Exercise 50 about the line x = I .
about the line _r = 1 the region bounded by that line 51. A hole of radius 2V3 in. is -bored throueh the center
andthe parabola x 2 = 4y. Take the· recta·ngul~r ele- , of.a spherkal shaped solid of radius 4 i;. Find the
ments of area-parallel to the axis of revolution. volume of the portion of the solid cut our.
!a Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving 52. A ho!~ of radius 2 cm is bored through a spherical
zbout the y axis the region bounded by the curve · shaped solid' 6f rad1us 6 cm, ~nd the axis of the hole
• 1
x- - y-,,
, 1 l
= a- ·'.
0/ 1 • .
is a diameter of the sphere. Find the volume of the
!'. Findthe volume of the solid generated by revolvi~g
part of the ~olid that remains.
about the _r ax.is the region bound~d by the curve 53. A solid of revolution is formed by revolving about the
·. = sin,_/. the x axis, and the lines x = .!. \/;. and y axis the region bounded by the cmve _v = -0i the
l = \, 1i. . 2 x axis, and the line x = c (c > 0). Take ·the rectangu-
38. Fmd the volum e of the so I'd . , .• lar elements of area parallel to the axis of revolution
, 1 -generated by revolvmg
. to determine the value of C that will give a \'Olume of
abobut the Y axis the region in the first quadrant ·
ounded by th , . . . l 21r cubic -units.
axes. e curve y = cos r and the coordmate
54. Find the volume of the solid generated by revotving,
39. The reoion i h . about the v axis the region outside the curve y = r
x = c;s ,2 n t e fir~t quadrant bounded by the curve and betwe.en the lines _,. = 2.r - I and _r = x + 2.
~ revol .\d' th e Y axis, and the x axis , with O ::S x ::S 1,
hOlid orve about the x axis. Find the volume of the 55. Explain the circumstances under w~ich comp_uta-.
rev O] · tion of vo!um"es of solids of revolution by cylmdncal
4lJ l ution generated
· rind h · shells is preferable to computatiun by disks or
t e volume 0 f ·h . .
about th- . , . t e solid generated by revolving
'": ~\r'·;nd Lbe lines
~ th e reg~on bounded by the graph of'
x = I, x = 5, and y = 0.
washers.

C1f4pt~R 4 REVIEW
-~ ~ -,

svGcfStt , - . --
t Dci;ne ON& FOR REVlfW OF CHAl"tElt .4
IOterv Ian a,uideriv . nowing ond antiderivative-of a function .(
, k
How d; oes , 'd , , ,
,,, a /. af!ve of ~ funct~on f on an 1 ·v·' · / enable us to obtam all anti envau~ es
nr11e an 111,e1 " 1 - ,
L ~ equa .
''4V111g h tion sat.16 f.i
011
. .011
0t 1
n Make u.p a particular example.
. . . . . . ').
1 e saine d · .· ·. ed by two functfon,-; f and g How do ~\le pro~e ~he~irern$ on ant1d1fferent1att0n.
e11varive. · . '
 THE DEFINITE INTEGRAL AND INTEGRATION
416 CHAPTER4

2..J. Wh ut is a Riemann sum? Make up an exa

mi'll fun c- . 'Inple.
. to antidifferentiare a po1yno i . Wh at is the co nnect10n between definite inte r
5. Explam how ·t1ustrnte your explann- 25.
1
tion. Make up an examp e to I , Riemann sums? Include an exan)ple in yourga als and

tion. be obtnined by 26. Wh at is a de,/i11ite int~gral and how is it rei:twer.

ics what fun ctions ru n the area of a pl ane reg ion? In clude exa mple . Cd to
6. In eConom • . . . •) s in Yo
'di" ntiating other t unct10lJS . nnswer. Ur
anti uere . . - · and
.
I,
What is the chai11 rule for m11id~[fer~~111at1 0!\ 011'7
. . l ted to the cha.i n rule tor d1tferentta I . 27 . Make up an example of a definite integral sal· ·f .
d. . d I . is Ying
how 1s 1l re a · . r r the following con tt10? an I ex p ~ ~ti how you can de.
. mple to show how the cham. ru 1e ,,0
8. Make up an ex.a • f t'differ termine that your exadmfip e_ s~ t1 s es the condition
antidifferentiation is used as a technique o an I - without evaluating the e mte rnteg ral : (a) the
. . va 1ue
entiation. · t is positive ; (b) the value 1s nega tive; (c) the value is
9. Explain when a change ~f ~1ariable is a conve111en zero .
technique of antidifferenuation . . 28. If a, b, and care three numbers in a closed interval on
10. Ma"ke up an example to show ~1, ~ a ch~•~e of vanable which the function! is integrable, stare a theore mthat
is used as a technique of anudifferenuauon . gives an equality involving the definite integrals off
11. What is a separable d([ferential equation? on the three closed intervals [a , b], [a , c], and [b, c].
12. What do we mean by the complete solutio11 of a differ- Is there a restriction on. the order of magnitude of a,
ential equation: b, and c? E?(plain and make up an example.
13. If an object is moving freely in a vertical line, ~ow _do 29. State a ~thecorem that gives a sufficient condition for a
you obtain a differential equation of the motion m- function to be integ,:able on a closed interval [a, b]. ls
volving velocity and time? the condition also necessary? Explain.
14~ If an object is moving freely in a vertical line;_h~w is 30. State the hypothesis of a_theorem that guarantees that
.knowing the initial velocity used in solving the differ~ the _definite integral.of a function/on [a, b] is greater
ential equation of motion? _ than or equal ·to the definite integral of a function g on
15. If the vel~city of an object -is known as a function of _[a, bj.Make _up an example to illustrate your answer.
ti.me, how do you obtain a differential equation of the ·31. Jf ·the fu~-ction f is continuous on the closed interval
motion involving distance and time? [a, b] and .. if m and M are, respectively, the absolute
16. If an object is rnoYing freely upward and -then conies minimum and absolute maximum function values on
back down, how do you determine (a) how high the [a , b], what continue~ inequality is satisfied by the
object will go, (b) how long it will take the object to _definite integral off on [a , b]? Make up an example to
reach the ground, and (c) with what speed th~ object - -illustrate your answer·.
strikes the ground? ·
. 32". State the me.an-value theorem for integrals. Make up
17. How is the sigma _notation applied to write a finite
an example to illustrate this theorem.
sum? Make up an example.
33. Descr_ibe the geometric interpretation of the mean·
18. Give a precise definition, involving only inscribed
value theorem for Integrals. Use a particular example
rectangles, of the area of the plane region bounded by
the graph of a function /, the x axis, and the lines in your d~scription.
34. If th.e functio·n f is integrable on the closed interval
x = a _and x = b if f is continuous on the closed
interval [a, b] andf(x) 2::: 0 for <!ll x in [a , b]. [a, b], what is the average value of Jon [a , b]'? Make
19. Answer Suggestion 18 if the definition should involve up an example to show how the average value of a
only circumscribed rectangles. fonction on a closed interval is calculated.
20. 35. State the first fundam ental th eorem of rhe c<ilcu/t1s.
Expl ain why it ~eems plausible that the area of the
plane region of Suggestions I 8 and 19 can be defined M ~1ke up an exaniple illustrating its application.
by either inscribed or circumscribed rectangles. 36. S tate the second fundamental theorem ~ f tI,e cal· . ,_
21. c_ulus. Make up an example illustrating its apphc,t
Make up an example of a nonpolynomial function
and choose specific values for a and b to show how t1011.

22.
your definition in Suggestion 18 is applied. · 37. Why are the two fundamental theorems of th c,tl- · e
Use the same example you made up in Suggestion culus so important? .
21 ~ show how your definition in Suggestion 19 is 38. th
If e functi'on f is differentiable at every numbe~~:
applied.
B. the closed interval [a b] can we conclude that
What is a parlition of the closed interv·tl [ b] - - ' ' . ke tl P
and wh at is
· t he norm of the panition') M <k a , definite integral off on [a, b] exists? Explain . Ma
ex.ample. · a e up an an example illustrating your answer. d
39.
If the definite integral of the function f on the cl~~c
· . .. 1·tt~r-
mterval [a, b] exists, can we conclude that./ 15 ci
 I /
------ - - - -- ~ - - - - - ---=
C~H=A~
PT~E~R~4'._!R~E.!_Vl~EW~_ _!4!.?:1
7

every number in [a, b]? Explain. Make up

. ble
elltt:J .
a1 . your answer.
illustrating
44 . Describe how
1
e,~a.JllP e difference b et,:veen a de fi111Jte
· integra l and ing . In clude a~:u r.alc~il ~te volumes of solids by slic -
~11 . Descri be I xa rn p e in your description.
ltllil t 11e . 45 .
•, Ee~ d fini te integral. . iow Y<">u calcul
e . compute by rntegratton
. . t I1e area of a !)lane lut1on by disks rite volum es of solids of revo-
""
811
,11 . , , • 1nc1ude a .
t1on. < n example in your descrip-
"e
~l''' dl'i,ollnded by the grap l1 o1· Y = f(x), the x axis, 4<,, Describe how you calcu la
~,. ref1l' 11 e lines x == a and x = b where f is continuous . luti on by washers J te volumes of solids of revo-
ar.,i :\Jin each of ~.l!e following cases: (i) (x) ~ o ! .
scnption . -- ncIude an ex amp Ie m · your de-
~11 [~ , in [a . b]: tn) /(x) s O for all x m [a, b] ;
11
1er . ·) ~ ofor all x in [a, c] andf(x) s O for an :t
47. How do you d t •
ers wh . e eri:n me whether to use disks or wash-
(iiil _t l·' - ', , en calculating volumes of solids'> I I d
- ,,i..]''.
,n (,. - example for each situation. , . nc u e an
~ o..~ the e:raphs of." = J(x) and y = g(x) inter-
48.
4~ ~llPPI the points where x = a and x = b and f and g ~xpl~in_th~ circumstan ces when your graphics calcu-
;":ntinuous on [a, b]. How do we compute by /t~r IS md1spensable .in ca lculating volumes of solids
,~•egnition the area of a plane region bounded by nc ude an example in your explanation. .
49. ~e_scribe how _you _calculate volumes of solids of revo-
;; ; rwo graphs in e~ch of th~. following cases:
il t\.d 2: g(x) for all x m [a, b]; (n) g(x) ~ J(x) for utton by ~yl_indncal shells. Include an example in
your descnpt1on.
~1:rin [a. b]: (iii)J(x) 2: g(x) for all x iri [a; c] and
r,.rl 2: f{:r) for all x in [c, b]? · · 50. D~scribe how you would decide whether to use cylin-
S L·nder what circumstances are you unable to find an drical sh~lls, washers, or disks to compute the volume
cX&Ci ralue of the area of a plall.e region bounded by
of a ~ol_id of revolution. Include examples in your
descnpt10n .
;.tie graphs of two continuous functions f and g? Ex-
vlain how you use your graphics calculator to find ·<ln
;.pµroximate value of the area in such circumstinc-~s.

MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES f OR CHAPTER. 4

.• ~rm:i,es l through JO, perform the antidifferentia-
,_r :.·:~ is. evaluate the indefinite integral. 12. J\, d~;.inscribed rectangles

'· / "'' - x' + 3) dx 2. J5x(2 + 3x 2) 8 dx

f
0
2 .
.

1· - 13. (x' - I) dx; circumscribed rectangles

((.

!, (
ry-- .
" I r - \'x - 1 dx

.--:.__ds
. \ 2J - 3
4.

6.
Vx(l

Jx' v'x
+

2
x 2) dx

+ 3 dx
14.
.
r.I

-3
(x 2 + 2) dx; circumscribed rectangles

~
-I 1.an: 30 d(J
. 8. J 2 2
t csc t dt
In Exercises 15 through 22, e.-aluate rite definite iwt:'-
gra{ by the second fw1damenuzl theorem of the ~-c~f-
~. r~ culus. Support your answer by the NINT capabdlly
X - 3 tan X
J
J !~\)'
10. sin' 28 cot 20 d6 of your graphics calculator.
· cos X dx
15. (x ' dx 16. { 2.t~'~ dx

f•
'• E..terches I J . .
'1ef ; t: . rh, ough 14, determine the exact value of -rr/ 6 20
., 111 1 lllfegra / b . .
.
Sill; d0 18. sin' jt cos \ r dr
__i <.rea oif l Y interpreting it as the measure of
- 17

• ..~
a Pane ·
e llieihod ,r regwn and then computing the area
0 1 Se ·
17.
J0
cos~ 20 -rr/J

, -., ed rectang/ cu_on 4.4; use inscribed or circum- 20. f } ..!__ dy

f
1 x 2 .
'"'i 1ng r/ie . es as I nd teared.
- ~a1· · Check your answer by 19, - ~ dx I \/ 5 - )I
0 111 1 - I VX T /.
~- 1tlie ca1r egra/ by the second fundamental theo-
.r.,,n LI 1LIS F, 1r/ 2
g rhe re . · or each exercise draw a figure

1
,
•4 g1011 a11 d h .
1 21. o (tan· ½x + sec 2 5' ,x) dJ
I • ,

lJ. / d .. _ e 11h rectangle.

1
•·· .\ . 1nscr'b
· 1 ed rectangles -rr/ J
• ( I - cos 0) csc 2 0 d0
22.
J.
-rr/ 6
 C' (x) = 0.3x - 11 where C(x) dollars is th
, , /U(/on of'
by t of producing x units. If the selling price 0 htota1
cos'cle is nxed at$. 19 per unit
t
I 26 find th<' colll/J 1ett ,w . ar t 1 .h
.
.
.e
an d t he .overheacl tcost
In Exercises 23 throu~ 1 ,, , (I' OO per day, find t e maximum daily profit th ·
1s .11 1 • at
dil'ferential equar,rm.
t ,e JJ' 2 ,·
rt_.:... 30x can be obtained .
I ·=- 12.\
.,

dy i 1)1 24'd 2 • A manufacturer of children's_ toys has a new toy

23. x 2Y - ::,: r.---:J' 35
dX
(y - X
rfr \' V I - x__ co
. ming on the market and wishes to determine
_ h- h h a sell
d2 , .r::-:-:--
25 _l ::: \ · 2,, - I
26. rt~ ..\ =-:: -.- ~
v v 2.r _, ,
. g price for the toy sue t at t e total profit w·ll ·
in I . h . I be
• dx 2 o11 a
•• ( ,)
, maximum.
cl '7
Prom ana• •
yzmg• t• e pnce
d and dem and Of
. line nt nny 11° 1111 x, ) ,,l11 other similar toy, 1t 1s ant1c1pate that if x toy s ,are
27 The slope nl the tangent . I ( 1 -· I) is on the . h .
· , o - 4x andthepnin • ·. demanded when p dollars ts t e price per toy, then
curve J), 1 · ' f I curve 2
curve. Find on equation n t 1c ,. . dp = P , and the demand should be 1800 h
, . . nction for a pnr11cular comtnod dx 30,000 . w en
28. The morginul co~t fu - ,,, . - 17 ,lf the cost of pro- the price is $IO. If C(x) dollars 1s the total cost of
·1 • \ oiven by C (x) - '1-' · • ,
' Y ~- e- . ... $"~ find the total cost function. producing x toys, then C(x) = x + 7500. Find the
ducmg 2 umts ,s ,_ ' , . f
29 The marginal revenue fun ction for a certain artt~I; o price that should be ch?rged for the manufacturer's
. merchandise is given by R'(x) == ix2 -
1Ox + , total profit to be a max~rnum.
Find (a) the total revenue function and (~) an equa-
In Exercises 36 through 38, a particle is moving on a
tion involving p and x (the demand eq_uatton) ~~ere.
x units are demanded when p dollars is the pnce pet .line. At t seconds, s feet is the directed distance of the
particle from. the origin, v feet per second is the velocity
unit . · of the partic:le, and a feet per second per second is the
lO. Suppose that a particular company estimates its
growth income from sales by 'the formula
acceleration of the particle.
36. a = 3t + 4; v = 5 and s = 0 when t = 0. Expressc
dS = 2(t - I )2;~ and s in terms of t.
di
37. a= 6cos2t;v = 3ands = 4when ·t =¼1r.
where 5 millions of dollars is the gross income from
Express ·v and s in terms of t. -
sales , years hence. If the gross income from the cur-
rent year's sales is $8 million, what should be the ex- 38. a = 3s + 4; v = 5 when s = 1. Find an equation
pected gross income from sales 2 years from now? ·. involving v and s. _
31. The volume of a balloon is increasing according to In Exercises 39 through 47, be sure to define your vari-
the formul a ables as numbers and write a conclusion. In Exercises 4d
through 44 and 46, consider that the only force actingis
2
due to the acceleration of gravity taken as 32 ft/sec or
9.8 m/sec 2 in the downward direction.
where V cubic centimeters is the volume of the bal-
loon at r ~econ_ds. Jf V = 33 when t = 3, find (a) a 39. A particle is moving along a line in such a way that if
formula for V m terms oft; (b) the volume of the . v centim.eters per second is the velocity of the parti:
balloon at 8 1',CC. cle at t seconds, then v = 3 cos 2m where the posi·
32. :11e enrollmenl at a certain college has bee1 . ,. tive direction is to the rioht of the o;ioin. If the parti·
rng at rhe rate of IO00(r + 1) - 1/2 ·t d . 1 mere.as-
. I,19'.I s u ents per year cle is at the origin at the°start of the ;otion. tiodit)
5
~rnce .., ·' · If the enrollment in 1996 was I0 P?sition when t is (a) 0.2; (b) 0.8 ; (c) I ,7; (d) 2.2 .
(aJ wh~I _w11c., lhc enrollment in 1993 a ,00~, . Simulate the motion on your graphics calculator and
the_,:in11c1pared enrollment in 2001 i/it~~ (b) what JS
support your answers. ,
be rn creaw1g LJI the same rate? s expected to
40. A .·stone .is .th. rown vertically
. upward froJn tht! °orouno
33. II i11 July 3 l and a tumor ha , . . .
person's body in such a , s been growing inside a Wlt h an imtial velocity of 25 ft/sec .
the volume of th
f 1(
. wuy that I days since July l
e tumor has been j - • ··
~) How l~ng wi_U the stone be going up?
o nm r + 6)1 12 cubic , • . ncreasing at a rate ) How high will. the stone go?
ume of the tumor on Jc~nt1rneters per day. If the vol- th
(c) How long will it take the stone to reach e
volume todc1y? u y 4 was 0.20 .cm', what is the ground?
(d) s· . . ' 1cululllr
34, After experime11tat·ion ace . tmulate the motion on your graphics c,i ,
.
l~rned 1ha1 if x unils <;f. . rta1_11 im,nufacturer deter ~ ( an~I support your answers in parts (a) - (c).\Jro~nJ
e) Wnh what speed will the stone strike the
0
d1!ic are produced p~r / ce~tu111 article of merchan-
uy, I 1c margin.ti CObt is given
 CHAPTER 4 REVIEW 419

~
Neglectll1
. . • resistance, if an object is dropped
~/;~ne flying horizontally at height of a 50. ~rove th at~ i 1 ==
// (~ ,, i)2, and verify the formula
i
JI, fron1 an 31 ve the ocean. (a) how long will it tnke
0 tor 11 == I, 2, and 3_
10.000 ft a .each the wafer and (b) with what speed
·1 object lO i • ., 51. Show that each of the followin g inequalitie~ holds:

I
, ,e ·ke the water.
·11 ii slfl
1"' • • bullet is fired directly downward from the
0
Ji surP0 ~e . Exercise 41 with a muzzle velocity of
(a) J-1,~'( 3 .\
? i dx
,.
--J -2 "
3irph11~e,~n If air resistance is neglected, (a) how
J J --5!!._
• 1 2
,-uo tt ~ec. I h
_'.' ,. it take the bullet to reac 1 t e ·o cean, nl1d
1 111 (b) d:r?

l~ dx
long ~ ,hat speed will it strike the ocean? I ,\ lx - 3
(bl w1t 11 \\ . . . . •

1ioust 6
•, thrown vert1cally upward from the top of a
II 1
4-·1 'e\ bn, 4• ft above the groun d, an d t he 1111trn

IS ~S ft /sec. . . .
. . . I ve Ioc1ty

.
. (c)
1 4
5 _!!!._
x-3
?

4
.

52. Express as a definite integral and evaluate the definjte

X

(:1 ) How long will 1t take the ball to 1each its greatest II

hei2ht? integral-: lim ~ (8Vi/n 312 ). H;nr: Consider the

~ . h ') 11 -+'l: i=I
(b) What is its ~re~test he1g t. .
(cl How long will tt take the ball stnke the W function f for, which f (x) == Vx.
£round? lnExercise's 5_3 and 54, apply Theorem · 4.6.2 to find a
td) \Vith what velocity will the ball strike the closed interval containing the value of the definite inre-

r
ground? · gral. Support your answer by the NINT capab;Lity of
~- Suppose the ball in Exercise 43 is dropped from the
top of the house. .
(a}How long will it take the ball to strik.e the
ground? ·
(b) With what velocity will it strike the ground?
your graph,ics calculator.

s3.
. -,r/2
Vcosf dt . 54. r
0
Vx' - lx + 6 dx

[n Exercises 55 and 56? evaluate the definite integral by

45. Arocket is lifted off the ground with a constant ac- the second funda1nentq,l theorem of the calculus. Support

r
celeration of 25 m/sec 2• Determirye (a) the v,elocity of your answe_r by the NINT capability of your graphics cal-
the rocket I min after lift off, ai;id (b) how high culator.
above the ground the rocket will be at that time.
46. Aprojectile is fired vertically. upward with an ·initial
-55. IX - ll'dx 56. J.',xi X - 31d.,
velocity of 200 m/sec from a point 2.5 m abov~ the
ground. . · In Exerd.~es 57 through 60. conlpute rhef~erivati,·e.

(a) If s meters is the height of the-projectile above 57. - ·dJ· (31 2 - 4f 12 dt · 58. -d -· -i.-, dt
the ground 1 seconds after being fired, express s . c!x x .
d.r -x I + e-
in terms of 1. ·
d 1· ,r2 I
(b) How high above the ground is the projectile 3 sec · 59. - -dr .\' > 0
after being tired? . . . dx .(
I
(cJ How lo ng w,·11 It. take for the projectile to be
60. !!__ J SL'c ,< \ / r 2 - .\ di O< x < ½1T
~7 600 m above the ground? dx
· Anau1oin 0 b'I 1 e trav~ling at a constant speed of '
I
60 . 61. Find the avera2e value of the cosine function on the
in1/,hr al
~top si ?ng a straight highway fails to stop at a closed intervat[u. ,1 + 27T].
.
lro gn. II 3 ·\e'· " I·.i t er a I110
. hway patro I car starts
111 rest f "' . . 62. In..terpret the mean-value theorem for integrals (-1-.6.3)
al'cder ·,. . roin the <,top sign and maintains a constant
a ion of 8 1· ) , in terms of an average function value .
Patrol . I/sec-. how lonu will it take the
. car l0 .. e
lro 1n th• . ovei take the automobile. and how far 63. Jff(.r) = .\-~ \ I x - 3. nm! the average value off on
ti le ~Peeu e stop ::- 1 w1·11 t I11s
. ·sio1 . occur'? Also determine [7. 11].
"l1
" 1on1obiie
ot I he pat1· · 1
O car w I1en ll . m·erta kes l I1e 64. (a) Find thl' average valul' t)f th.e function f defined
In r . by f(;) = I /x 1 on the inter\'al [ I. r].
:xe,. .· (b) If A is the average \'alue found in part (a) .
( I~('\ 48
4k, t ''J
.
and 49, find 1/1(> .
mm. lind lirn A.
2i1 ;1 _ I) ~ _ __
49. ~ ( \'13i .:.. I - \'13; + 2)
I I
 420 CHAPTER 4 THE DEFINITE INTEGRAL AND INTEGRATION

65. A body fall s from rest nnd travels u Ji stnn cc of s 78. The reg ion bounded by the cur
. (' ves y :::: .·
feet before striking the grnund . lf t11e only force y == sin x -rom x = O to x == { 1r . sin 2.x anu
acting is that of gravit y. whi ch gives the body on 19. The reg ion bounded by the curv
. f' es Y :::: c0
y = sirl x rnm x = 4 tr to x = 1 rr
I
acceleration of g feet per scrnnd squurcd toward s x anu
4 .
the ground. shnw "that the average value of the ve- 80. The region bounded by the loop of the
locity. expressed as n function of di Rlancc, while y 2 == x2(4 _ x). curve
traveling this distance is~ \ i 2f!.S feet per second,
and that this average velocity is two ~third~ of the 81. T_he region in the first quadrant bounded b
final velocity. and the curves y = sec 2 x and y = 2 tan 2 Ythe ;- •f
X.
66. Suppose a ball is dropped from rest and after t sec- 82. Suppose that on a particular day in a .
, certain .
onds its directed distance from the starting point is Fahrenheit temperature is J(t) degrees tho cay tr,.
midnight, where urs since
s feet and its velocity is ti feet per second. Neglect
air resistance. When t = t 1 , s = s 1 and v = v 1 • J(t) = 60 - 15 sin iz1T(8 - t)
. 0 s 1 s 2-1
(a) Express v as a function oft as ti = J(t), and
find the average value off on [O, t 1]. (a) Sketch the graph off. Find the temp
(b). 12· m1'd mg. h .( erature at
(b) Express ti as a function of s as v = h(s), arid t, c~ 8 A.M . ; (d) J2 noon : (eJ 2 P.\f
find the average value of h on [O, ·s1]. - and (f) 6 P.M. (g) Fmd the averao-e temper t ··
0 a ure be
(c) Write the results of parts (a) and (b) in terms of tween 8 A.M-. and 6 P.M. -

r1 , and determine which average velocitY. i_s 83. Find ·tqe ·volume of the solid generated by rev 1 . ~
. h . h . o ~1av
larger. about t4 e x axis
•.
t e reg10n bounded by the cu ne. ~
y .= x, t!_le l~ne x = I, and the x axis.
In Exercises 67 through 72, find the area of the region
bounded by the curve and lines. In each exercise do the 84. Find the volume of the solid generated j f the r~ 00
f ollowing: (a) Draw a figure showing the region and a of Exercise 83 is revolved about the y axis. :::
rectangular element of area; (b) express the measure 0f ~5.- The regi_on bounded by the curve y = V~ . the.r
the area of the region as the limit of a Riemann sum; axis, an~_the line x = ½7T is revolved about the r 1~
(c) find the limit in part (b) by evaluating a definite inte.- Find the volume of the· solid generated.
gral by the second fundamental iheorem of the ialculus: 86. The region bounded by the curve x = ~ - [t,e
61. y = 9 - x 2 ; x axis; y axis; x = 2 i
line y = 1T, and the-y axis, where ¼r. :s; _r :S !,.,s
68. y = 3 COS ½X X axis; X = - ½1r; X = ½7T revolved about .the y ·axis. Find the- volume of the
solid generated. ·
69. y = 2Vx=---i°; x axis; x = 5; x = 17 .
4 87. The region b.o unded by the curve _v = csc x. rhe.r
10. y =2
X
- x; x axis; x = -2; x = -,,-] !
ax.is, and the iines x = · ¼1T. and x = rr is revolved
about the x arjs. Find the ·volume of the solid ge ( r·
71. x 2 + y - 5 = 0; y = -4 ated .
2
12. y = x - 7 x: r axis; x=2; x = 4 88. Find the volume of the solid of revolution generat~
. In Exercises 73 through 76, approximate to four , when 'the region bounded by the parabola ..-2 == -~- ~
significant digits the area of the region bounded by the . x axis, and the line x = 4 is revolved about the hn~_
he J.\J.'
curres by doing rhe following: (a) Draw a figure showing x = 4. Take the elements of area parallel to 1
the region and a rectangular element of area; (b) express of revoludon.
. d b revohin~
the measure of the area of the region as the limit of a 89. Fmd the volume of the solid generate Y bilJ
Riemann sum; (c) approximate the limit in part (b) by about the y axis the region bounded by the para ~
evaluating a definile integral by the NINT capability of x = y 2 + 2 and the line x = v + 8.
your graphics calculator. . . d d by th(
90 • l:'he region in the first quadrant boun t' h(
= 1 d ·1bout t
curves x = y · and x = .v 1s revo. ve · er1t~ d.
) .i .
73. y = 9 - x2; y x4
74. y = 16 - x 2
;y = x 3; the y axis Y axis. Find the volume of the solld gen ' ,~
75. Y = x 2; y = coszx 91. The base of a solid is the region bouocte,_Ib{1~; vol·
2 - · - 8 Finc · 11J'
para bo1a y = 8x and the hne x - . · erP~ 11 d1CL
16. Y = x~ ; y = l.; tan 2x ·
•
O -< x -
< 2l 7T ume of the solid if every plane secuol'\ P _
In Exercises
.
77 th 1•01,gI1 8/ , find
· the exact area of the to the axis of the base is a square. -iion 1
11

de.rcnhed region . Of I he P01 11it•

92. Use integration to find the volume • c}, ti
·1· b I 'Ip 1(111
77. The region bounded by the curves r = _r 2 and the sphei:e of radius r units cut ot- ) '
X = y 3. from a· pole.
 -- CMAPUR ll N~VU W

"oluinc of the solid g-e nerateu lw re,·l,l\'i nL,

··111i t 1JC I
t'- 1-1.. ~ion boun~ed by t 1e curn'! y -= x - l I. th~
I • e
u11d 1H11 l111c1,n· tt•d 1,, I11 . I •
,. •- l 1 . • t lll l ' •I, ,d 111111 1111 lrn
tilt • :ind the Imes x = l and x ~ 4 about the ' - ' ' C (' lll (' llt i-. Pt'I Pl' lld11·11l 11 1
I fi \ JS, lOfi. Thr ,·r glun pf' Exr n.: 1,c I (I '\ • h I .
,r Q\IS, , , _ ~k:mcnli- pnrnllcl. . , ,1 0111 1 IL' l11w , 1,
-e of a sohd 1s the region enclosed by O drde
The bas . .. d . . 107. A t·hut·ch sltt plc 1 , 0 ,
94. . a radJUs of r units. an every plane section
)lnne ~ A , . , " · 11 1' 1H1I. 1111d r vl· ry h1111 it1 n l.i l
having .iameter .of the bnse is u
rpendicular to a fi xe d. d' : ~ II , ~c :1()111.1~ u kljlllll'c h11vl llK sldt>s nl lt:111'1 Ii 1111 1·
pe e for which a chord of the circle is u diugonu l ~11 l .o t 1c' l lSl1t 1H.:1: 111' lhc pl 1111c ~cr tin11 l r11111 lllt•
~quar h I'd .
find the volume of t e so 1 . l~~p ol tht :-. tce plc. Fi 11d thl\ v11l11mc or the , 1~•l· plc .
Find the volume of the solid g~nerated by revolving 108. h 1_1~l by ~lkin!-l lht' volume ul' ,, tc•tru hcdn,11 having
95· about the line y ~ - I the region above the x uxi s thtce lllutuully pcrp¢1HJll:ul 11r 1'111:t•1, 1111d lh rcc: 11 111111
bounded by the lme 2y = x + 3 and the curves pcrpendkulur cdlttll whma: lcrn~th1, lll'l' o, h. 11 11d
:i ll y _
r' + x = 0 and ."~ - 4x = 0 from x = - I to (' ll llll S.

:r ::: I.
96. Asphere of radius IO cm _is intersected by two pnr -
allel planes on the same side of the center of the
sphere. The distance from the center of the sphere
10 one of the planes is I cm. and the distance be -
tween the two planes is 6 cm . Find the volume of
the solid portion of the sphere between the two
planes.
97. Solve Exercise 96 if the two plani:s li e on opposite
sides of the center of the sphere but the other fuct~
are the same.
98. Asolid is formed by revolving about the r axis I he
region bounded by the t:urve y ~ = x. the ·x axis. and
the line x = c, where c > 0. For what vu lue of r:
will the volume of the solid be l 21r cubic unit s?
11
~ faercises 99 through 106, you need to use your graph -
ics cal~ulat~r to .find the ro/ume of the solid gc'nerated b ,·
rei•oll'lllg the given reRion about the indicated (IXis. Take·
· e/emenrs
,rhe recra11g11lar , oif area either
• perpe11d1cu/ar.
parallel lo the a•,·,·s oif rel'O Iut,011
. as m . d.,cared, and express
' Your answer to four sig11ificam digits.
99
· The region ~ounded by the graph of y = \ i.1,-~ - 7
::.the x axis: about the x axis: elements perpendic-
109. The r~g inn bounded by 11 1w11lut:011 having wri h:c~
at ( - ·L 4). ( • ~ . 0). ( 0 . H). ( 2, 0), 1111d (•;I, ,I,), ... 11: •
\\)lved nbout the x 11xis. 1:ind thu voh11ll l.! of 1hc A1ilitl
gc nerut cd.
110. T he region bou nded hy the ~urvcs y · 11111 und
1
." = cot .,· nnd the x nxis. where O !"; 1· ::, ~ 1r . is
revolved 11bou1 the ,. 11:xis. rind 1h1.: vulumc· ol' thl'
l,OJid ge nera ted .
l ll. T he region fr{)ll\ .,· r, 0 10 .1· :. rr bo11ntll:tl by!
l he curve y -= si n .,·, the line y i= I, 11nd the 1· 11 .xi :,
I!- revolved ubout the .,· axis. Find the volumi: ·
of the solid 8Cnern tcd. Hint: Use thl.! identit y
i.in: x = HI - cos ::!.r),
112. A wedge is cu t from u righH:in.:ulur c.: ylin ckr with n
rud ius of r unit s by two plunos, nnc pi.:rpl!ndkulilr tu
the uxis of the cylinder nnd the c>1h1;: r irHcrsi.:1.: ting
the first along a tliamcter of the circular plunl.! Sl!C·
tion at un angle of mt!asurcment 30°. Pind the vol •
ume of the wedge .
or
/11 Exercises 11 3 and I 14, upply th e sernnd Ji111dc1111l'11tol
theorem of th e calculus to evaluate tlte definite hilc'Mftd.
Th en ji11d the value of c: .\'C1ti!l:f:vl11ff th e mca11 -va /11c theo -
rem for integrals.

100. The regi

I elements parallel.
Ol. The reg ton
·
fE

Of E
.
on o xercise 99: about the y axis;

· 99:
.
· about the x axis:
113. r
JO
{.t , + I ) dX I) 4. r
115. Let/be co nti nuous on [a , b] uncl .J:'.'f(r ) cir :/J 0.
I
v:;: "-'
ele xerc1se
10 ments parallel. . . Show th at for any number k 111 (0. I ) th<:rl' i" u
l The reo1on· fE ·
. number c: in (a. b) sud1 that J,; .f(r) cit =- kJ:'.'fU) tit .
eleinen~ 0 xerc1se 99; about the y axis: Hint: Consitler the fun ction F h>r whidi
103 T ts perpendicular. .
F(x) = f.,' f( r) dt/ J:'.' J(t) dt , and ap pl y thi:
. he reoion b
anct y:
x-' ~unded by t~e graphs of y =. cos x~

lfi4.
elem . ' and the." axis: about they axis:
ents Parallel.
1he reoion b .
· 116.
:jl::~:~~~tc~,-r r;lo::,;~, > 0Prove I Il a, I " a

and y : r 2 oundect by the graphs of y = cos \ /~ co n~tunl funr1i o~1 by showi ng th ut F ' L\' ) 0. /1 1111 :
~ tlement-; · J · and t_he Y axis; about the x axis: Use the l'ir,;t fundum ~ntu l 1hcuri.!m of thi: L·.ikul u,
r ltis. Th I erpend1cul.1r . after writing the givl' II integra l a, llli: dillc11.' 11 l'i: ul
e reg ion bo
! .
1
_ unJed by the grnphs of 1wo intcgrn l !s .
I . X
t - O\ ~ + 9x - I and , - x 2 - 2( -4- 2
 422 CHAPTER 4 THE DEFINITE INTEGRAL AND INTEGRATION

117. If f(x) =x + /x - 1/ and Hint: Consider the functions F and G wher

F(x)= [J(x)] and G(x) = - [g(x)f , and s~
2

X if X < 1 F'(x) = G'(x) for all x. that

F( X ) = {X2 - X + 1 if ] :5 X
show that Fis an antideri_vative off on ( -oo, + 00 ).
119. Evaluate l" /
0
cos x + ½/ dx.

118. Let/ and g be two functions such that for all x-in 120. Make up an example of a discontinuous fu .
. . nctton '
(-oc, +oo), J'(x) = g(x) and g'(x) = - f(x). Fur- wh1ch the conclus1on of the mean-value th tOr
eorem fi
ther suppose that/(0) = O and g(O) = 1. Prove that integrals (~) does not hold and (b) does hold. or
[f (x) ] 2 + [g(x) ] 2 = I