Fluid Mechanics  Is a measure of the amount by which a fluid offers a

resistance to compression
 Branch of physics concern with the mechanics of fluids
(liquids, gases and plasmas) Viscosity
 Fluid Statics=Fluids at rest also known as hydrostatics
 Fluid Dynamics= Fluids in motion  A property of fluid which determines the amount of tis
resistance to a shearing force
Hydrostatics  Is due primarily to interaction of fluid molecures
 Deform or flow
 Is a branch of fluid mechanics that studies fluids at rest  Causes the internal friction within the fluid
 Offers physical explanations for many phenomena of  Produces energy loss
everyday life
Vapor Pressure
Newtonian Fluid
 When evaporation takes place within an enclosed space, the
 Continues to display fluid properties no matter how stirred partial pressure created by the vapor molecules
or mixed
Capillarity
Non Newtonian fluid
 The rise of fall of a liquid in a capillary tube
 Leaves hole behinhed Or in porous media like sponge is causes by a surface
 Changes the viscosity upon stirring tension and depends on the relatie magnitures of the
 Pudding, oobleck, sand cohesion of the liquid and the adhesion of the liquid to the
walls of the containing vessel
Fluid

 A fluid substance which deforms when subjected to a force.
 A fluid can offer no permanent resistance to any force
causing change of shape.
 Fluids flow under their own weight and take the shape of
any solid body which they are in contact.
 Fluids may be divided into liquids and gasses.
Density (rho)
 Mass per unit volume, kg/m^3
 Fluid Density is temperature and pressure dependent
 H20 @ 4 C =1000kg/m3
 H20 @ 50 C= 988kg/m3
Specific Gravity of Related Density
 Is the ratio of a fluid density to the standard reference fluid
maintained the same temperature and pressure
 Gas: Air
𝑆𝐺𝑔𝑎𝑠 = ρ𝑔𝑎𝑠
o ρ𝑎𝑖𝑟 = ρ𝑔𝑎𝑠 1.23 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
 Liquid: Water
𝑆𝐺𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 = ρ𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 ρ𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = ρ𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 1000 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
Pressure Head – the pressure intensity at the base of a column of
homogeneous fluid of a given height in meters.
Vacuum – a perfect vacuum is a completely empty space in which,
therefore the pressure is zero.
Atmospheric Pressure – the pressure at the surface of the earth due to
the head of air above the surface. At sea level the atmospheric
pressure is about 101.325kN/m2
Gauge Pressure – the pressure measured above or below atmospheric
pressure.
Absolute Pressure – pressure measured above absolute zero or vacuum
Absolute Pressure = Gauge Pressure + Atmospheric Pressure
Manometer – is a tube usually bent in the form of a U, containing a
liquid of known specific gravity, the surface of which moves
proportionally to changes of pressure.
Piezometer – simplest form of manometer. It is a tube tapped into the
wall of a container or conduit for the purpose of measuring pressure.

Specific Weight

 Weight of fluid per unit volume

 In N/m3

Specific Gravity

 Dimensionless
 Ratio of Specific weight of object to the specific weight of
liquid

Bulk modulus