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1
6. Určete produkt(y) následujících reakcí.
a) acetonitril + benzaldehyd; 1. EtONa/EtOH, 2. ΔT →
b) 6-oxoheptanal + 1. NaOH/H2O, 2. ΔT →
c) 2-methylcyklohexan-1,3-dion; 1. NaOH/H2O + but-1-en-3-on; 2. TsOH, ΔT →
d) butanon; LDA + propionaldehyd/H2O →
e) 3-hydroxypropanal; NaOH/H2O + formaldehyd →
f) 2-methycyklopentanon; LDA + acetaldehyd; H2O →
g) hydrazin + akrolein →
2
10. Doplňte chybějící reaktan(y), reagent(y) nebo produkt(y) a produkt(y) plně
pojmenujte.
a)
O
C6H5CHO
Ph3P
OMe
b)
PCC
CH2Cl2
c)
OH
H NaOH
H2O
O
3
d)
O CH3
1. CH3MgI / Et2O
2. H+/ H2O
e)
CH3 CH3 OH
Mg MgBr
Et2O
f)
O
10% NaOH, H2O
ΔT
g)
O
NaOH, H2O NaCN
H 70°C H+/ H2O
4
h)
OH
HIO4 10% NaOH, H2O
ΔT
OH
i)
O
TsOH
+ H
toluen, ΔT
1. LiAlH4
2. H2O
j)
PCC H H
CH2Cl2
O OH O
NaBH4
MeOH
5
Řešení:
1.
a)
O
O O OEt
1. EtONa/EtOH OEt
+
2. H+/ H2O OEt
OEt O OEt O
O
b)
O O O O
+ 1. EtONa/EtOH
+
OEt H OEt 2. H / H2O H O
E
t
c)
O
O O O O O O
O H OEt H
1. EtONa/EtOH EtO-
+ + OEt H
H OEt 2. H / H2O
O O O O
H+
H H O H
2
d)
O
O O 1. EtONa/EtOH CH3
+
OEt 2. H / H2O
O
e)
O O
O O O OEt
1. EtONa/EtOH EtO OEt 1. EtONa/EtOH
+
EtO OEt 2. H+/ H2O OEt 2. H+/ H2O
O OEt O
O
O
OEt
O
O
OEt
O
6
2.
a)
O
O
Cl
AlCl3
b)
O O
(CH3CH2)CuLi
Cl Et O, -78°C
2
c)
N O
C 1. CH3CH2Li
2. H+/ H2O
d)
O OH O
1. CH3CH2MgBr H2CrO4
H 2. H+/ H O aceton
2
3.
a)
O
CH2
1. Ph3P
I CH3 CH2 PPh3
2. Bu-Li
b)
CH
1. Ph3P C6H5COCH3 CH3
CH3CH2 Br 2. Ph-Li CH3CH PPh3
c)
O
CH2
1. Ph3P H3C CH3
I CH3 CH2 PPh3
2. Bu-Li H3C CH3
d)
O
1. Ph3P CHCH2CH3
CH3CH2CH2 Br 2. Et-MgBr CH3CH2CH PPh3
7
e)
Br 1. Ph3P PPh3 C6H5CHO
2. Ph-MgBr
f)
Br 1. Ph3P PPh3 CH3CHO CHCH3
2. Bu-Li
g)
1. Ph3P C6H5COCH2CH2CH3
CH3CH2 Br 2. Ph-Li CH3CH PPh3 CHCH3
4.
a)
OH O HO CH3 CH3
H2CrO4 1. CH3MgI HCl 1. O3, CHCl3, -78°C
aceton 2. H+/ H2O ΔT 2. Zn, AcOH
O O
1. Ag2O, OH-
H 2. H+ HO
O O
c)
O O O O
1. NaOH/H2O
OEt OEt OEt OH
1. EtONa/EtOH 1. t-BuOK ΔT
2. CH3CH2Br 2. CH3I +
2. H / H2O
OEt OEt OEt OH
O O O O
O
ΔT
- CO2 OH
d)
O
O NH Cl O
N Cl CH3 N H 2O O
O
H+ (kat.) Et3N
CH3
-H2O CH3
8
e)
O O O O
OEt OEt OH OH
1. EtONa/EtOH HCl ΔT
2. BrCH2CO2Et ΔT - CO2
OEt EtO OEt HO OH HO
O O O O O O
1. LiAlH4 OH
2. H+/ H2O
HO
f)
Br O
O NH N Br N H 2O
H+ (kat.) pyridin
-H2O
5.
a)
Br Mg MgBr 1. CH3CHO
Et2O 2. H+/ H2O OH
b)
Br Mg MgBr 1. O PCC
Et2O 2. H+/ H2O CH2Cl2
OH H O
c)
H
O
CH
Br 1. Ph3P PPh3
2. Ph-Li
d)
O
Br Mg MgBr 1. H H2CrO4
Et2O 2. H+/ H2O OH aceton O
6.
a)
9
O
O OH
H H CN
EtONa H EtOH ΔT
H3C C N EtOH H2C C N CH2 CH2
- H2O
CN CN
b) V důsledku přítomnosti dvou typů karbonylů může báze odštěpit dva typy vodíků v α-
poloze vůči karbonylu a vznikne směs následujících produktů, jejichž syntézy jsou jednotlivě
znázorněny níže.
O OH
O O H H
NaOH CH2 H2O ΔT
H H - H2O
O O O
O O
O O H 3C OH O
H 3C O O
NaOH H2O
H H
H H
O O
CH3
O
ΔT
- H2O
H
c)
O O O O O
CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3
NaOH TsOH TsO
H
O O O O O O
O O O
CH3 CH3 O
CH3 CH3
CH2 TsOH ΔT
- H 2O
O O O O
O OH O
d)
O
O O
Li(i-Pr2NH) 1. H O OH
CH2 2. H2O
e)
O
O
O O
NaOH 1. H H
HO H
HO H 2. H2O
HO H
HO
f)
10
O
O O O OH
Li(i-Pr2NH) 1. H CH3
H3C H 3C 2. H2O H 3C
CH3
g)
O O OH
O
H N
H2N NH2 +
H NH2 N H NH - H2O N
N N H N H
H H H
b)
O O O
1. KMnO4, OH-, ΔT SOCl2 LiAlH[OC(CH3)3]3
2. H+/ H2O OH Cl Et2O, -78°C H
c)
O O
1. (i-Bu)2AlH, hexan, -78°C
OEt 2. H O H
2
d)
O O O
SOCl2 LiAlH[OC(CH3)3]3
OH Cl Et2O, -78°C H
e)
N O
C 1. (i-Bu)2AlH, hexan, -78°C
2. H2O H
f)
11
CH O O O
C 1. KMnO4, OH-, ΔT SOCl2 LiAlH[OC(CH3)3]3
2. H+/ H2O OH Cl Et2O, -78°C H
8.
a)
O O OH O O
10% NaOH
H + H2O, ΔT - H2O
b)
O O OH O O
10% NaOH
H + H2O, ΔT - H2O
c)
O OH
10% NaOH NO2 NO2
H + CH3CH2NO2 H2O, ΔT - H2O
CH3 CH3
NH2
H2
Pt CH3
d)
O O O HO
CH3 10% NaOH CH3 CH3 1. LiAlH4/Et2O CH3
CH3 H2O, ΔT OH - H 2O 2. H2O
e)
O OH
CN
10% NaOH CN
H + CH3CN H O, ΔT - H2O
2
MeO
MeO MeO
f)
OH
O 10% NaOH ΔT
2
H2O, ΔT - H2O
H O H
O H
1. LiAlH4/Et2O
2. H2O
OH
12
9.
a)
O O 1. NaOH/H2O
O O 1. EtONa/EtOH O O CH3CH2Br ΔT
2. CH3CH2Br OEt
OEt OEt - Br- 2. H+/ H2O
O O
ΔT O
OH - CO2
b)
O O O O 1. NaOH/H2O
O O 1. EtONa/EtOH 1. t-BuOK ΔT
OEt 2. CH CH CH Br OEt
2. CH3CH2CH2Br 3 2 2 2. H+/ H2O
OEt
O O O
ΔT
OH
- CO2
c)
O O 1. NaOH/H2O O O
O O 1. EtONa/EtOH ΔT ΔT O
2.PhCH2Br OEt + OH - CO
OEt 2. H / H2O 2 Ph
Ph Ph
d)
O O O O O
1. NaOH/H2O
O O 1. EtONa/EtOH OEt ΔT OH ΔT
2. PhCOCH2Br Ph 2. H+/ H2O Ph - CO2 Ph
OEt
O O O
e)
O O O O O
1. NaOH/H2O
O O 1. EtONa/EtOH OEt ΔT OH ΔT
2. CH3COCH2Br +
2. H / H2O - CO2
OEt
O O O
f)
O O O O O
1. NaOH/H2O
O O 1. EtONa/EtOH OEt ΔT OH ΔT
2. BrCH2CO2Et EtO 2. H+/ H2O HO - CO2 HO
OEt
O O O
13
OH
1. NaBH4 OH
2. H+/ H2O
O
g)
O O OH
O O 1. EtONa/EtOH 1. LiAlH4
2. CH3CH2Br OEt 2. H+/ H O OH
OEt 2
h)
O O 1. NaOH/H2O O O
O O ΔT ΔT O O
1. NaH
2. PhCOCl OEt + OH - CO
OEt 2. H / H2O 2 Ph
Ph O Ph O
NaBH4 OH OH
Ph
10.
a)
O O O O
SOCl2 Br2 MeOH 1. PPh3
Br Br
OH Cl Cl OMe 2. Bu-Li
O
O
C6H5CHO
Ph3P OMe
OMe
b)
O OH
OH PCC 1. Ph-MgBr / Et2O PCC
CH2Cl2 H 2. H+/ H O CH2Cl2
2
benzofenon
c)
14
OH
H PH
OH O Na H
O
H NaOH H HO OH NaOH
H2O H O H2O
O O O
Ph
Ph O OH
HO O Ph
2,5-difenyl-3,6-dihydroxy-1,4-dioxan
d)
O OH CH3
1. CH3MgI / Et2O H3PO4
2. H+/ H2O ΔT
CH3
1-cyklopentyliden-1-fenylethan
e)
O
CH3 CH3 CH3 OH
Br Mg MgBr 1. H
Et2O Et2O
+
2. H / H2O
2-(o-tolyl)hepta-1,6-dien
f)
O O O
10% NaOH, H2O ΔT
ΔT
OH
2-cyklohexylidencyklohexanon
15
CN
O H
1,5-difenyl-2-formylpentan-3-nitril
h)
H O H O
OH
HIO4 CHO 10% NaOH, H2O CHO ΔT
CHO ΔT C H OH
OH
O
cyklopent-1-enkarbaldehyd
i)
O O
O TsOH 1. LiAlH4 OH
H + H 2. H O
toluen, ΔT 2
H
3-fenyl-2-methylprop-2-en-1-ol
j)
PCC H 10% NaOH H NaBH4 OH
OH CH Cl H2O, EtOH MeOH
2 2
O OH O OH
2,2,4-trimethylpentan-1,3-diol
16