Grade 11.

Introduction to Functions and Graphs

Let the Real-Life Examples of Functions be done.

CARAGA REGION

Festivals of the indigenous people in Caraga region Philippines offer people a chance
to express their unique ethnicity and exhibit their rich culture that was preserve
through time.
The following festival terms with the respective ethnicity were describe briefly.

Kaligaon festival of the Banwaon people, is a native term which means a big festive
celebration, the term came from the word “kaliga” which means to dance the ritual of
offering for “ibabasok” the Agriculture Spirit. The “kaliga” dance is the expression of
unity, happiness, and thanksgiving to the “magbabaya”

Kaamulan festival of Higaonon comes from the Binukid word “amul” meaning to
gather. Kaamulan is gathering for a purpose—a datuship ritual, a wedding ceremony,
a thanksgiving festival during harvest time, a peace pact, or all of these together.

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Kahimunan festival of Butuanon is an annual celebration of the Señor Sto Niño
and a traditional ritual performed by the natives before the start of the planting
season, characterized by chanting, singing and playing accompanied by
indigenous musical instruments such as the gimbor (drum), gong and bamboo
instruments called “Kalatong” and “Kotik.” Sinulog festival of Cebuano comes from
the Cebuano adverb sulog which roughly means "like water current movement;" it
describes the forward-backward movement of the Sinulog dance. The dance consists
of two steps forward and one step backward, done to the sound of drums. The dance
is categorized into Sinulog-base, Free-Interpretation, and street dancing. Let us learn
the festival terms, products, harvesting type, languages of the different ethnicities of
our region. Observe and practice how to do the concept mapping or the pairing of
each element associated with the relations and functions map or associate the
relations and functions.

Relations and Functions

In these lessons, we will look at ordered-pair numbers, relations and an introduction
to functions.

Ordered-Pair Numbers

An ordered-pair number is a pair of numbers that go together. The numbers are

written within a set of parentheses and separated by a comma.

For example, (1, 3) is an ordered-pair number; the order is designated by the first
element 2 and the second element 3. The pair (1, 3) is not the same as (3, 1)
because of the different ordering. Sets of ordered-pair numbers can represent
relations or functions.

Relation
A relation is any set of ordered-pair numbers.

The following diagram shows some examples of relations and functions. Scroll
down the page for more examples and solutions on how to determine if a relation is
a function.

A relation shows a relationship between two values.

A function is a relation where every input has only one output.

A. Ethnicity associated to their respective festivals

X Y

(xBanwaon
1) Banwaon
Kaligaon
(y1) Kaligaon
(xHigaonon
2) Higaonon
Kaamulan
(y2) Kaamulan
One-one correspondence,
(xButuanon
3) Butuanon Kahimunan
(y3) Kahimunan
This is an example of a function.
(xCebuano
4) Manobo Sinulog
(y4) Kadayawan Since every element in X is map
(x5) Cebuano (y5) Sinulog only once to the set Y.

We can write as the set { ( Banwaon, Kaligaon) , (Higaonon, Kaamulan),

(Butuanon, Kahimunan), (Manobo, Kadayawan), (Cebuano, Sinulog) }

We can also represent as the ordered-pair set S, such that

S = { (x1,y1) , (x2,y2) , (x3,y3) , (x4,y4) , (x5,y5) }.

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 B. Festivals associated to the animal offerings during rituals and festivals

X y
Kaligaon
(a1) Kaligaon
Kaamulan
Kahimunan
(a2) Kaamulan ( b1) pig Many-one correspondence

(a3) Kahimunan Is this a function or a relation? Write

your answer in the table 1 page 5.

We can write as the set { (Kaligaon, pig), (Kaamulan, pig), Kahimunan, pig)}, and
also we can represent it as the ordered pair set T = { ( a1, b1), ( a2, b1), ( a3, b1)}.

C. Ethnicity association.
Banwaon
(y1) Banwaon
Higaonon
(y2) Higaonon
(x1) Filipino
Filipino One – Many correspondence
(y3) Butuanon
Butuanon
(y4) Manobo Is this a function or a relation?
Manobo Write your answer in the table 1
(y5) Cebuano page 5.
Cebuano

Try to fill in the blanks the required answers (Self-Test)

We can write as the set { (Filipino, Banwaon), (Filipino, Higaonon),

( _________, _________) , ( _________, _________),
( _________, _________)}, and the we can represent it as the ordered pair set
M = { ( x1, y1), ( __, __),( __, __), ( __, __), ( __, __)}.

D. Ethnicity associated to the respective tribal products

Banwaon
Borloloy
Higaonon Many - Many correspondence
Basket
Butuanon
Banig Is this a function or a relation?
Manobo
Palagsing Write your answer in the table 1
page 5.

Fill in the blank the set containing the mapping of the ethnicity associated to
tribal products.
____________________________________________________
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 E. Grade XI section A with respect to its student’s ethnicity.

Student
Student AA Banwaon
Student BB
Student Banwaon
Student C Higaonon
Student C
Student D Higaonon What ethnicity do you belong?
Student
Student ED
Student FE
Student Butuanon
Manobo This example is a relation only but
Student GF not a function, since one element
Student Manobo
Student H which is the Student B is mapped
Student G
Student I Butuanon twice such as (Student B, Higaonon) ,
Cebuano
Student H (Student B, Butuanon), it implies that
Student I Student B is half Higaonon and half
Butuanon.

Fill in the blank the set containing the mapping of the per student associated
to its respective ethnicity.
___________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________

If a variable y is so related to a variable x that whenever a numerical value is

assigned to x, there is a rule according to which a unique value of y is determined,
then y is said to be a function of the independent variable x.
This relationship is commonly symbolized as y = f(x). In addition to f(x), other
abbreviated symbols such as g(x) and P(x) are often used to represent functions of
the independent variable x, especially when the nature of the function is unknown or
unspecified.

F. Let’s have more examples.

Ethnicity Farm products

Banwaon Humay
Higaonon Is this a function? ____
Mais
Butuanon Why?
Lubi
Manobo Answer here:
strawberry

_____________________________
_____________________________

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 G. The deities or gods, and spirits associated to the ethnicities.

Is this a function?______
Diwata Banwaon
Why?
Umli Higaonon
Answer here:
Kahoy Manobo
Adlaw
____________________________________
______________________
Table 1. Let us check if the given sample of figures above is a function or a
relation.

Figures Page number Write the word “yes” if you think it is a

given Function and “no” if it is not.
A 2 YES

B 3

C 3

D 3

E 4 NO

F 4

G 5

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 Let us know the products of our IP brothers and sisters.
The figures below are the selected products of the IPs in Caraga region, which are the
borloloy accessories, food, basket and banig made by Banwaon, Higaonon, Butuanon and
Manobo indigenouse people. The IPs are selling this products in the nearby market of their
place, it is one of their livelihood for survival.
Translation: Ang mga imahe o hulagway sa ubos mao kana ang mga producto akesorya
(?) NGA GE GAMA OR GEHEMO SA MGA Banwaon nga tribo, isa kini sa ilang mga
trabaho panginabuhian.

BANWAON BORLOLOY HIGAONON DRESS

and Basket

HIGAONON –
BANWAON Tagolwanen
basket Sacred “banig"

Butuanon MANOBO NECKLACE

“palagsing”
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 The IPs products associated to the most frequent colors of the beads accessories or
borloloy.

Red
Banwaon
Black
Higaonon
Blue
Butuanon
White
Manobo
Yellow

Is this a function? Or just a relation. Why?

Justify your answer here:

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___________________________________________________________

It is your turn…

What association or pairing you can relate to the products or ceremonies or practices in your
tribe or ethnicity or community you belong that you can share with?

We will be glad to know it

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