RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ – REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSE

Mệnh đề quan hệ rcó thể được rút gọn bằng cách dùng cụm phân từ (participle phrases), cụm danh
từ (noun phrases) và cụm động từ nguyên mẫu (infinitive phrases).
RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ Ở THỂ CHỦ ĐỘNG
Khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ được chia ở thể chủ động thì hiện tại phân từ sẽ được sử dụng.
Example:
• The boy, who is standing at the bus stop, is my little brother.
--> The boy, sitting at the bus stop, is my little brother.
• Customers who wish to return a defective item may do so with 20 days of the date of purchase.
--> Customers wishing to return a defective item may do so with 20 days of the date of purchase.
(Tạm dịch: Những khách hàng muốn trả lại sản phẩm bị lỗi có thể làm thế trong vòng 20 ngày kể từ
ngày mua hàng)
• Companies who want to join the bid should submit their application before June 6.
--> Companies wanting to join the bid should submit their apllication before June 6.
(Tạm dịch: Những công ty muốn tham gia đấu thầu thì nên nộp đơn đăng ký trước ngày 6 tháng 6.)
Note: Nếu chủ thể trong mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ tạo ra một hành động thì không thể rút gọn được.
Example:
• The newspaper has seen an increase in the number of subscribers who read the online version.
Phân tích: Bởi vì “subscribers” chỉ tạo ra một hạnh động duy nhất là “read the online version” nên ta
không thể rút gọn được.
(Tạm dịch: Tòa soạn đã chứng kiến một sự tăng lên trong số lượng những người đăng ký những người
mà đọc phiên bản trực tuyến)
• The millionaire wants to give money to the person who saved his son.
Phân tích: Bởi vì “the person” là chủ thể tạo ra duy nhất một hành động “saved..” nên cũng sẽ không
thể rút gọn được thành “saving”

RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ Ở THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG

Khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ được chia ở dạng bị động thì quá khứ phân từ sẽ được sử dụng.
Example:
• The man who was arrested yesterday is her father.
--> The man arrested yesterday is her father.
(Tạm dịch: Người đàn ông bị bắt ngày hôm qua là bố cô ấy)
• The boy who was injured in the accident was taken to the hospital.
--> The boy injured in the accident was taken to the hospital.
(Câu bé bị thương trong vụ tai nạn đã được đưa đến bệnh viện)
• A group of people who has been invited to the party can’t come.
--> A group of people invited to the party can’t come.
(Một nhóm những người vừa được mới được bữa tiệc thì không thể tới được)

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RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ VỚI TO-INFINITIVES
Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (defining relative clause) có thể được rút gọn bằng cụm động từ nguyên
mẫu (to-infinitive).
To-infinitive có thể được dùng:
 Khi có sự xuất hiện của first, second, third,...; last, next, only; so sánh nhất (superlatives).
Example:
• Vietnam is the first country which successfully create a rapid test kit for the new coronavirus to
provide results after only 70 minutes.
--> Vietnam is the first country to sucessfully create a rapid test kit for the new coronavirus to
provide results after only 70 minutes.
(Tạm dịch: Vietnam là nước đầu tiên chế tạo thành công kit thử nhanh coronavirus để đưa ra kết
quả chỉ sau 70 phút.)
• Nguyen Hien is the youngest person who became the nation’s scholar at the age of 13.
--> Nguyen Hien is the youngest person to become the nation’s scholar at the age of 13.
(Tạm dịch: Nguyễn Hiền là người trẻ tuổi nhất trở thành trạng nguyên khi mới 13 tủi.)

RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ VỚI TÍNH TỪ

Trong mệnh đề quan hệ có sự xuất hiện của một động từ tobe và một tính từ thay vì các động từ chia
ở chủ động hoặc bị dộng thì mệnh đề đó cũng sẽ được rút gọn.
Example:
• Mr. Takahashi is one of the three people who are responsible for overseeing the Research
Department at Omi-Tech Solutions.
--> Mr. Takahashi is one of the three people responsible for overseeing the Research Department
at Omi-Tech Solutions.
(Tạm dịch: Ông Takahashi là một trong ba người chịu trách nhiệm cho việc giám sát bộ phận
nghiên cứu ở công ty Omi-Tech Solutions.)
• They have limited the number of books which are available to students.
--> They have limited the number of books available to students.
(Tạm dịch: Họ có một số lượng giới hạn những quyển sách có sẵn cho những sinh viên.)

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EXERCISE
Use a relative pronoun to combine each pair of sentences.
1. Jim's sister is a famous architect. You met her yesterday.

2. I received two job offers. I accepted neither of them.

3. I was looking for a book this morning. I've found it now.

4. Mrs Smith does volunteer work at the hospital. She is a retired teacher.

5. I live in a dormitory. Its residents come from many countries.

6. Lake Prespa is a lonely beautiful lake. It's on the north Greek border.

7. The little girl ate candy the whole way. She sat next to me on the coach.

8. The police blocked off the road. That caused a traffic jam.

9. Felix Reeve is a journalist. His tape recorder was stolen.

10. This famous picture is worth thousands of pounds. It was damaged during the war.

11. The village has around 200 people. The majority of them are farmers.

12. I don't know the name of the woman. I spoke to her on the phone.

13. We often go to visit our friends in Bristol. It is only 30 miles away.

14. I have to call the man. I accidentally picked up his umbrella after the meeting.

15. Louis knows the woman. The woman is meeting us at the airport tomorrow.

16. The scientist has won the Nobel Prize. He discovered a new planet.

17. The river is the Wye. It flows through Hereford.

18. We climbed to the top of the tower. We had a beautiful view from there.

19. A few days ago I met Diana. I hadn't seen her for ages.

20. This is a photograph of our friends. We went on holiday with these friends.
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Change the relative clauses to phrases
1. Do you know the woman who is coming toward us?

2. The road that joins the two villages is every narrow.

3. Most of the goods are made in this factory are exported.

4. Kuala Lumpur, which is the capital city of Malaysia, is a major trade center.

5. The woman who lived here before us is a novelist.

6. Our solar system is in a galaxy that is called Milky Way.

7. Simon Bolivar, who was a great South American general, led the fight for independence early in 19th
century.

8. Ann is the woman who is responsible for the error.

9. Mr. Jackson who has been working in the company for over 10 years, was promoted to as the new
director.

10. English has an alphabet that consists of 26 letters.

11. David was the only person who offered his help.

12. Emma Stone is the most famous actress who will appear on stage here.

13. We noticed a pile of stones which had been left on the road.

14. Astronomy which is the study of planets and stars is one of the world oldest sciences.

15. The police never found the money which was stolen in the robbery.

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TOEIC SHORT TEST
1. The town’s mayor made a generous donation 6. Text message alerts about new offers are
to the fundraiser, ------ the toal to over twenty- available to those ------ signed up for our
five thousand dollars. reminder service.
(A) bring (A) whose
(B) bringing (B) which
(C) brought (C) who
(D) brings (D) whom

2. Ms. Harvey, ----- scuplptures are on display at 7. Special holiday bonuses will be given to the
the gallery, has worked as a professional artist salespeople ----- sales figures exceeded their
for more than forty years. annual goals.
(A) who (A) who
(B) whose (B) which
(C) that (C) that
(D) whom (D) whose

3. Salespeople ------- Professor Vance’s book 8. The committee will discuss each new product
report that they are more confident in their presented and select ------ that has the best
negotiation skills now. chance of market success.
(A) read (A) one
(B) reading (B) many
(C) to read (C) some
(D) reads (D) several
4. The homeowner wants to hire a plumer ------ 9. Ripley Power, Inc. has produced a new solar
company can provide a ten-year guarantee on panel that is ------ more innovative than any
the new pipes. other of its kind.
(A) whose (A) considered
(B) which (B) considering
(C) who (C) consider
(D) that (D) considers

5. City roads ----- with barricades will be open to 10. Employees who have recently ------ a
the public right after the marathon race. professional seminar are asked to give feedback.
(A) to block (A) to attend
(B) that block (B) attended
(C) blocked (C) attending
(D) were blocked (D) attend

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