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Eart and life science module 5 II

earth science (Andres Bonifacio College )

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NOT

EARTH AND LIFE

SCIENCE
Quarter 1 – Module 5
EARTH MATERIALS AND PROCESSES

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Table of Contents

What This Module is About ................................................................................................................... i

What I Need to Know .............................................................................................................................. ii
How to Learn from this Module………………………………………………………………………….ii
Icons of this Module………………………………………………………………………………………..iii

What I Know………………………………………………………………………………………………....iv

Lesson 1:
Relative Dating ...........................................................................................................................1
What I Need to Know..................................................................................................1
What’s New: Activity 1: Find the Word..................................................................2
What Is It: Three Principles ......................................................................................3
What’s More: Activity 2: Match the Diagram …………………………………….3

What I Have Learned: Activity 3: Summarize Me ...............................................4

What I Can Do: Activity 4: UNCONFORMITIES 3D MODEL ..........................5

Lesson 2:
Absolute Dating.........................................................................................................................6
What I Need to Know..................................................................................................6
What’s New: Activity 1: VOCABULARY WORDS ..............................................6
What Is It: Different Techniques ..............................................................................7
What’s More: Activity 2: RELATIVE VS. ABSOLUTE …………………………..7
What I Have Learned: Activity 3: SUMMARIZE ME ...........................................8
What I Can Do: Activity 4: MICROTEACHING ....................................................8

Summary……………………………………………………………………………………………9
Assessment: (Post-Test) …………………………………………………………………………9
Key to Answers………………………………………………………………………………………….....11

References………………………………………………………………………………………

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What I Know
Pretest
Multiple Choice
Direction: Read and understand each item and choose the letter of the correct answer
from the given choices. Use separate sheet of paper for your answer.
1. What is any evidence of ancient life called?

A. half - life B. a fossil

C. unconformity D. disconformity

2. Which of the following conditions makes fossil formation more likely?

A. buried slowly B. attacked by scavengers

C. made of hard parts D. composed of soft parts

3. To say “the present is the key to the past “is a way to describe which of the following
principles?
A. Superposition B. Succession
C. Radioactivity D. Uniformitarianism

4. Which process forms new elements?

A. Superposition B. Permineralization
C. Uniformitarianism D. Radioactive decay

5. In one type of radioactive decay, which of the following breaks down, releasing an
electron?
A. Alpha particle B. proton
C. beta particle D. neutron

6. What is referred to as the age compared with the ages of other rocks?
A. Extrusions B. Intrusions
C. Absolute Age D. Relative Age

7. What do you call the number of years since the rock formed?
A. Extrusions B. Intrusions
C. Absolute Age D. Relative Age

8. Which of the following principles explains how layers of sedimentary rock extend
sideways in the same order?
A. Superposition B. Lateral Continuity
C. Horizontality D. Unconformity

9. Which of the following principles explains how sedimentary rocks are normally laid
down in order, one on the top of another?
A. Superposition B. Lateral Continuity
C. Horizontality D. Unconformity

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10. Which of the following principles explains how sedimentary rocks are laid down in flat
(horizontal) layers, although these can later tilt and fold?
A. Superposition B. Lateral Continuity
C. Horizontality D. Unconformit

Lesson Relative Dating

1
What I Need to Know

Geologists determine the relative ages of rocks and other structures by examining
their places during a sequence. If a layer of rock is offset by a fault, which may be
a break in the Earth’s surface, you recognize that the layers had to be there before
a fault could cut through them.

Relative dating is used to arrange geological events, and the rocks they leave behind,
in a sequence. The reading is called stratigraphy (layers of rock are called strata).

Before the lesson proper, we will review first and get oriented with the words and
terminologies commonly used in relation to Relative Dating – Ages of rocks. How do
we do this? Let us Perform Activity1: Find the WORD

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What’s New ?
Activity 1

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What Is It

There are three principles in determining the age order of a rock. The Principle of
Superposition states that sedimentary rocks are normally laid down in order, one on
the top of another. That In a sequence, the youngest is at the top. The Principle of
Horizontality states that most sedimentary rocks laid down in flat (horizontal) layers,
although these can later tilt and fold. The Principle of Lateral Continuity states that
layers of sedimentary rock extend sideways in the same order. A later event, like a
river cutting, may form a gap, but you can still connect the strata.
A sequence of rock may be a record of past events. Most of the rock sequences are
incomplete – layers are missing. These gaps in rock sequences are unconformities.
An unconformity is a gap in the rock record caused by erosion or pause in deposition.
There are three major kinds of unconformities. Nonconformity, horizontal layers of
sedimentary rocks overlie older igneous or metamorphic rocks. When horizontal rock
layers are exposed and eroded, and new horizontal layers of rock are deposited on
the eroded surface it develops disconformity. An angular unconformity develops when
new horizontal layers of rock form on top of older rock layers that are folded by
compression.

What’s More

Activity 2
MATCH THE DIAGRAM
Match each diagram with the type of unconformity it shows. Write the letter of the
matching diagram in the space provided. Then describe each unconformity and how
it is formed.

A B C

_______1. Nonconformity

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______2. Angular Unconformity

_______3. Horizontal unconformity

What I Have Learned

Activity 3
Summarize Me

Answer the following based on what you learned. Answer it briefly and concise.

1. Explain the concept of relative dating.

2. Differentiate the 3 principles in determining the age order of a rock.

3. How do unconformities form?

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What I Can Do
Activity 4
UNCONFORMITIES 3D MODEL

Objective: Create different unconformities model using recycled materials

Materials Needed.: Recycled materials

Procedure: Create a detailed illustration with correct labels.

Rubric: 3D Model of the Different Unconformities

4 3 2 1 Total
Exemplary Great Good Fair
Content
3D Model
Properly
Labeled
Design

Total

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Lesson Absolute Dating

2
What I Need to Know

Absolute dating can be achieved using historical records and through the analysis of
biological and geological patterns resulting from annual climatic variations. Since 1950
the physical sciences contributed a number of historical of absolute dating techniques
that have a revolutionary effect on archaeology and geology. These techniques are
based upon the measurement of radioactive processes. Geologists often need to know
the age of the material that they find. They use absolute dating methods, sometimes
called numerical dating, to give rocks an actual date, or date range, in number of years.

Before the lesson proper, we will review first and get oriented with the words
and terminologies commonly used in relation Absolute Dating – Ages of rocks. How
do we do this? Let us Perform Activity1: Vocabulary Words.

What’s New

Activity 1
Vocabulary Words

Find the Definition of the following terms:

1. Absolute

2. Radioactive Decay

3. Radiometric dating

4. Half - life

5. Uniformitarianism

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What Is It

Geologists determine the absolute ages by using properties of the atoms that
make up materials. Most absolute dates for rocks are obtained with radioactive
minerals in rocks as geological clocks.
Different elements are used for dating because they have different decay rates.
The process of the breakdown is called radioactive decay. For geologists, isotopes
are important in all techniques for absolute dating. Hence, different elements are used
for dating because of their unique decay rates. Isotopes are atoms with chemical
elements having different forms.
The half – life of an isotope is the time it takes for half of the atoms in the
isotope decay for example the half-life of carbon-14 is 5,730 while radiocarbon dating
measures radioactive isotopes in once – living organic material instead of rock, using
the decay of carbon to nitrogen – 14. Because of the fast decay rate of carbon – 14, it
can only be used on material up to about 60 years. Most of the radiometric dating
methods measure isotopes in some way. Most directly measure the number of
isotopes in rocks, using a mass of spectrometer.

What’s More
Activity 2
RELATIVE VS. ABSOLUTE
Direction: Identify the following terms if it is relative or absolute dating.
Put a check mark if it is relative or absolute.

RELATIVE ABSOLUTE

1. Radiometric

2. Half - life

3. Unconformity

4. Superposition

5. Radiocarbon

6. Beta decay

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7. Radioactive

8. Disconformity

9. Nonconformity

10. Alpha decay

What I Have Learned

Activity 3
Summarize Me
1. Explain the concept of absolute dating.
2. Differentiate relative dating from absolute dating.

What I Can Do
Activity 4:
Microteaching Activit
Objective: Conduct a microteaching on the different methods in determining
the age of a rock.
Rubric for Microteaching
Criteria

Content of the lesson

(topic) 50%

Confidence 30%

Attire/Physical Appearance
20%

TOTAL

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• Relative dating is employed to arrange geological events, and the rocks they leave
behind, during a sequence. The reading is called stratigraphy (layers of rock is called
strata). Relative dating doesn't provide actual numerical dates for the rocks.
• Three principles in determining the age order of a rock.
1. Principle of Superposition - the sedimentary rocks are normally laid down
one on top of another. In a sequence, the youngest is at the top.
2. Principle of Horizontality - most sedimentary rocks laid down in flat
(horizontal) layers, although these can later tilt and fold.
3. Principle of Lateral Continuity - the layers of rock extend sideways within
the same order. A later event, like a river cutting, may form a gap, but you
can still connect the strata.

• Absolute dating can be achieved using historical records and through the analysis of
biological and geological patterns resulting from annual climatic variations. It is also
known as numerical dating, to offer rocks an actual date, or date range, in number of
years.

Assessment: (Post-Test

Multiple Choice
Direction: Read and understand each item and choose the letter of the correct answer
from the given choices. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answer.

1. What is referred to as the age compared with the ages of other rocks?
A. Extrusions B. Intrusions
C. Absolute Age D. Relative Age

SUMMARY 2. What do you call the number of years

since the rock formed?

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A. Extrusions B. Intrusions
C. Absolute Age D. Relative Age

3. Which of the following principles explains how layers of sedimentary rock extend
sideways in the same order?
A. Superposition B. Lateral Continuity
C. Horizontality D. Unconformity

4. Which of the following principles explain how sedimentary rocks are normally laid
down in order, one on the top of another?
A. Superposition B. Lateral Continuity
C. Horizontality D. Unconformity

5. Which of the following principles explains how layers of sedimentary rocks are laid
down in flat (horizontal) layers, although these can later tilt and fold?
A. Superposition B. Lateral Continuity
C. Horizontality D. Unconformity

6. What is any evidence of ancient life called?

A. half - life B. a fossil

C. unconformity D. disconformity

7. Which of the following conditions makes fossil formation more likely?

A. buried slowly B. attacked by scavengers

C. made of hard parts D. composed of soft parts

8. To say “the present is the key to the past “is a way to describe which of the following
principles?
A. Superposition B. Succession
C. Radioactivity D. Uniformitarianism

9. Which process forms new elements?

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A. Superposition B. Permineralization
C. Uniformitarianism D. Radioactive decay

10. In one type of radioactive decay, which of the following breaks down, releasing an
electron?
A. Alpha particle B. proton
C. beta particle D. neutron

Key to Answers

Pre – Test

1. B
2. C
3. D
4. D
5. C
6. D
7. C
8. B
9. A
10. C

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Lesson 2: Absolute Dating
Activity 1
RELATIVE ABSOLUTE
1. Radiometric
/
2. Half – life
/
3. Unconformity /
Activity 2
4. Superposition /
1. B
5. Radiocarbon
/ 2. C
6. Beta decay 3. A
/
7. Radioactive
/
8. Disconformity /
9. Nonconformity /
10. Alpha Decay
/
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Reference

"Absolute Dating Techniques." Quizlet. Accessed July 2, 2020.

https://quizlet.com/15469166/absolute-dating-techniques-flash-cards/.

"Dating Techniques." Encyclopedia.com | Free Online Encyclopedia. Accessed

July 2, 2020. https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-
law/anthropology-and-archaeology/archaeology-general/dating-techniques.

"Difference Between Absolute and Relative Dating." Pediaa.Com. Last modified June 27,
2018. https://pediaa.com/difference-between-absolute-and-relative-dating/.

"Relative and Absolute Dating - Bing Video." Bing. Accessed July 2, 2020.
https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=Relative+and+Absolute+Dating&&vie
w=detail&mid=6DC458714C420CE318E86DC458714C420CE318E8&&FORM=
VRDGAR&ru=%2Fvideos%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DRelative%2Band%2BAbsolute%
2BDating%26FORM%3DVDMHRS.

"Relative Dating - Bing Images." Bing. Accessed July 2, 2020.

https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=relative+dating&id=018FDB08AF5D
3078FDFA9B159DF4AD47C210E17C&form=IQFRBA&first=1&scenario=Image
BasicHover.

"Relative Dating." Science Learning Hub. Accessed July 2, 2020.

https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/1485-relative-dating.

"Relative Dating." Science Learning Hub. Accessed July 2, 2020.

https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/1485-relative-dating.

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