Abbas, Nur-Sallah M.

BSED III ED 322 SAT 8:00-11:00 05/01/22

FINAL EXAM

B.

1. Identify different strategies and approaches done by teachers in designing a curriculum that
is culturally relevant and responsive to the learners.

Multicultural education is any type of education or instruction that encompasses the

histories, texts, values, beliefs, and perspectives of people from various cultural backgrounds. It
teaches students to consider the needs of all people in order to prepare them for citizenship in
a free democracy and explains how race, ethnicity, culture, language, religion, gender, and
giftedness affect educational processes and content.

Culturally responsive teaching, also known as culturally relevant teaching, is a

pedagogical approach that acknowledges the importance of integrating students' cultural
references into all aspects of learning. Students are not tabula rasa; they enter the classroom
with diverse experiences. According to John Locke, "the mind receives knowledge and forms
itself based on experience alone, without any pre-existing innate ideas that would serve as a
starting point." Therefore, teachers are expected to guide students to draw on their prior
knowledge to provide an anchor to learning. Learning should be contextual in the sense that
students are able to construct meaning based on their own experiences. Encourage students to
engage in the discussion by letting them express their ideas and share their cultural
backgrounds. Teach them how to preserve their culture. Make the environment safe for them
to express themselves freely without hesitation. Teachers need to work to build relationships
with their students to ensure they feel respected, valued, and seen for who they are. Building
those relationships allows them to build community within the classroom and with one
another, which is essential.

An advanced degree in education is one way to gain the knowledge and skills needed to
make a difference in the lives of students. Students in the Doctor of Education program work on
real-world issues with industry-aligned faculty. They are empowered to address educational
challenges and improve the learning experience. Thus, teachers should teach them about
diversity. Think of many culturally responsive approaches and strategies. Not just minority or
majority strategies, but strategies for everyone.

2. What are the possible benefits of a multicultural curriculum?

Multicultural classrooms embrace diversity and include ideas, beliefs, or people from
various countries and cultural backgrounds. Embracing the native language and students'
families as assets, as well as integrating students' cultural experiences into daily instruction,
creates a classroom environment that represents and respects all students. We have to
understand that cultural differences are assets, and from that, we can learn from one another.
When we incorporate student culture into daily instruction, we empower the child to capitalize
on their individuality and uniqueness. Culture is an important part of a person's identity; by
including it, we teach the whole child. It is not about celebrating a specific culture on a single
day; rather, it is about daily practices that incorporate students' cultures into instruction.

Multicultural education exposes students to various cultural values and beliefs, and it
aids in the development of understanding and acceptance of differences between people. As it
promotes cultural relevance, an anti-bias classroom, and challenges students to think critically
without falling back on stereotypes, social skills and social action are shaped. When culturally
responsive strategies are integrated into classroom instruction, they can provide significant
benefits, such as: Increasing students' sense of self in the classroom, equity and inclusivity are
promoted. Getting students interested in the course material requires critical thinking. Students
are exposed to different cultures because they are encouraged to learn about the cultural
backgrounds of their classmates. It enables students to learn skills and cultivate a positive
attitude in order to communicate, interact, and foster acceptance and tolerance with people
from various cultures in order to build a moral and social community. The multicultural
classroom provides an opportunity for students from different cultures to bring their enormous
range of experiences, knowledge, perspectives, and insights to the classroom. Students are
given the liberty to examine learning materials to identify potentially prejudicial or biased
materials. It will also help expand their career perspectives to a global level.

A multicultural classroom helps to eliminate these barriers by requiring students to

interact on a daily basis. Being able to do so at a young age will help children become better
communicators, this will be helpful later in life. This can help students maintain positive
relationships with one another. The experience teaches children to be open-minded and to gain
a better understanding of their own culture as well as the cultures of their classmates. Being
exposed to a multicultural classroom will undoubtedly provide students and teachers with the
opportunity to demonstrate empathy for one another, regardless of their backgrounds. This will
also lead to the students' deepening and strengthening their relationships with one another,
which are based on trust, respect, and empathy. A multicultural classroom is a melting pot of
different cultures and countries. A diverse student body may present some challenges, but it
also has many benefits, as students will learn from one another outside of the walls of a
classroom.

H.

1. What are the possible benefits of implementing and outcomes-based curriculum in higher
education?

Outcome-based education focuses on the targeted outcomes or the goals to be

achieved by the students at the end of the educational experience. It is to be emphasized that
when the curriculum is effective and efficient, the learner’s mastery of a particular skill is
demonstrated and measured. The learning outcomes should be student-centred and facilitate
their learning. Thus, the curriculum must be created with a clear definition that highlights the
expected outcomes. The students are given limitless opportunities to prove what they can do
and what they will do. They are encouraged to deliver their highest level of performance and
achieve high standards. 

OBE is beneficial to today's generation since more skills are needed to develop in order
to deal with globalization. By implementing OBE, students will know what to expect, and
teachers will know what they must demonstrate throughout the course. It is very crucial to be
clear in designing instructions so that learners can progress, as well as to describe all of the data
and abilities required to achieve certain outcomes. Teachers are free to use a variety of
teaching and assessment techniques in OBE because it is a student-centred learning model.
Instructors will assist students in grasping concepts in any way that facilitates their learning.
Teachers will also be able to recognize student diversity by utilizing a wide range of teaching
methods. In OBE, instructors will examine the results a student has achieved and the areas in
which they have been upgraded in order to assess the talent and provide individual assistance
and guidance to meet their needs. This allows teachers and institutions to stay on top of their
students' development and assist them in reaching their goals. Also, increased student
involvement allows students to feel responsible for their own learning and confident that they
will learn a lot from this individual learning.

OBE differs from traditional educational methods in that it organizes the entire
educational system around what is considered essential for learners to successfully do at the
end of their learning experiences. Life skills, basic skills, professional and vocational skills,
intellectual skills Interpersonal and personal skills are the focus of OBE when developing
outcomes. The goal of this education was to present an older generation's knowledge and skills
to a new generation of students, as well as to provide students with a learning environment.

2. How does OBE support academic freedom?

Since OBE is student-centred, then it provides countless chances for students to practice
their freedom as learners. They have the freedom to study areas of interest to them, draw their
own conclusions, and express their views. Teachers also have the freedom to teach in any
manner they consider professionally appropriate. Academic freedom refers to an educator's
ability to teach and discuss topics without restriction or interference from school or
government officials. But this freedom has limits too. The general laws of society, including
those concerning obscenity, pornography, and libel, also apply to academic discourse and
publication.

The teaching and learning activities are anchored towards the attainment of course
outcomes. Academic freedom gives institutions of higher learning the right to determine "what
may be taught". The knowledge, skills, and attributes that students take away at the end of a
program or course are more valuable than what, or how, something is taught. It focuses on the
skill sets that students will need after finishing their studies. Activities in and out of the
classroom are designed to assist students in achieving these outcomes. OBE empowers
students to choose what they would like to study and how they would like to study it. It not
only adapts to a learner's strengths and weaknesses, but it also allows enough time to achieve
proficiency and fluency in the subject matter. Students who are required to demonstrate that
they "know and are able to do" whatever the required outcomes are more likely to succeed.
OBE supports academic freedom not only to provide an opportunity of education, but to
require learning outcomes for advancement.

OBE establishes a set of well-defined processes and outcomes that students must be
able to deliver by the end of the program. Academic freedom benefits not only professors,
students, and institutions but also society as a whole, through the creation of new knowledge
and innovations, and ultimately through political, economic, social, and technological progress.
In conclusion, academic freedom benefits society.