HISTORY OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY

Industry Milestones
776 BC Games are held in honor of Apollo at Olympia in Greece. People travelled from far and
wide to attend.

312 BC Building begins on the Appian Way, one of he earliest paved roads, stretching from Rome to
Capua, 19 miles north of Naples, Italy.

1220 AD The Roman Catholic Church constructs Gothic cathedrals in Europe that will attract pilgrims
and sightseers for generations to come.

1275 - 1292 Marco Polo explores the routes from Europe to China, stopping along the way at primitive
caravansaries (inns).

1394 In England, a ship captain receives a "pilgrim-shipper's" license. The most popular
destination is Santiago de Compostela, Spain, to see the alleged tomb of St. James.

1759 The British Museum opens to the public. Before then, collections were either private or
owned by the church.

1800s The Industrial Revolution changes the work people do and the way they do it, building the
middle class, and allowing free time for the pursuit of leisure interests and travel.

1841 In England, Thomas Cook organizes a group tour for 570 people- a day's excursion by train
to a temperance meeting

1850s Prince Grimaldi of Monaco develops his poor country as a winter health resort with a
gambling casino. His success enables Monaco to abolish income taxes. Monaco may be the first country
to solve its economic problems through tourism.

1880-1939 The so-called Golden Age of Travel for the rich

1883 The railroads' need for precise timetables leads the United States to establish standard time
zones.

1920s The suntan becomes the emblem of health and beauty and influences people's choice of
vacation destinations.

1929 The first American travel industry journal, Travel Trade, makes its debut.

1935 Duncan Hines, a traveling salesman, compiles a list of his 167 favorite places to eat and
sends copies as greeting cards. The requests for his list result in Adventures in Good Eating, one of the
first restaurant guides.

1936 France passes the first paid vacation law.

1941 In England, the jet aircraft, designed for military service, makes its debut.

1947 Bugsy Siegel builds a hotel and casino in Las Vegas, Nevada, transforming the sleepy desert
town into a destination specializing in entertainment.
1955 Arthur Frommer self-publishes his G.I.'s Guide to Europe, priced at 55 cents, the percursor
to his $5 a Day travel guides.

1970 On January 22, a Pan American 747, built by the Boeing Co., taxis on the runway at JFK
International Airport and takes off for London's Heathrow Airport.

The age of the jumbo jet and mass tourism begins.

1976 The Ruse Company opens its first festival marketplace - Boston's Faneuil Hall/ Quincy
Market, dedicated to attracting tourists and locals to the city's historic center.

1990s Preservation and ecotourism are the rallying cries of concerned destinations. Special travel
interests become the focus of sales. World terrorism impacts the industry.

2001 The 9/11 attack in the United States affects the industry.

2007 The Airbus A380 makes its debut, which could accommodate about 850 passengers.

2008 The airline industry became 100% ticketless. The era of e-tickets began.

2010 The low-cost airlines began to take a lead over full service airlines, and continue to do so

The Wizarding World of Harry Potter opened in Universal Studios in Orlando

2018 Gevora Hotel in Dubai became the tallest hotel in the world, complete with certification as
a Guinness World Record

2020 The global pandemic, COVID-19 hits the world, and affected all industries in the world.

History of the accommodation industry

15,000 BCE . The Lascaux caves in France are the first shelter in history that probably
accommodated people of a different tribe.

Classical Antiquity. In ancient Greece and Rome, spas and bathhouses often provided sleeping
facilities and were popular attractions for those seeking rest and relaxation. A bordello in Classical
Pompeii is considered to be the first hospitality establishment that charged for lodging.

Middle Ages. In Japan, the first two hotels in history (guest houses called ryokans) were built in the
early 700s. In the Middle East, caravansaries were a resting place for caravans along the Silk Road, and
refugees served pilgrims and crusaders on their way to the Holy Land. In China and Mongolia, staging
posts provided shelter for couriers and allowed horses to be changed more easily.

In Europe, cloisters and abbeys provided free accommodation to travelers. Gradually, inns and
guesthouses began to open on popular trade routes to provide lodging for traveling merchants and their
horses.

1600s. More than 600 inns were registered in England; the English and French governments began
to introduce laws regulating them. Thermal spas with lodging were developed at Karlovy in the Czech
Republic. The first guidebooks for travelers were published in France.
Early 1700s. Masonic Lodges began to appear in North America. In Paris, the Place Vendome
offered the first example of a multiple-use architectural complex, including boutiques, offices,
apartments and hotels.

1760s. The Industrial Revolution spurred the construction of hotels acrossEurope and the United
States.

Early 1800s. The first modern hotel built in England, with a full complement of facilities, was the
Royal Hotel in Plymouth. Holiday resorts began to flourish along the French and Italian rivieras. In
Japan, ryokan guest houses proliferated; in India, dak bungalows run by the British government served
travelers.

1829. The Tremont House in Boston was the first hotel to provide inside toilets, locks on the doors,
and bellboys.

1832. Holt's hotel boasted the first steam-powered elevator in New York City.

1862. Le Grand HotelParis opened, the largest and most luxurious in Europe, decorated by top
painters.

1870. The Palmer House Hotel in Chicago was the first hotel built to be fire resistant and the first
to offer telephones in all its rooms.

1873. The Palais Wurttemberg inVienna was transformed into the Hotel Imperial, a superb luxury
residence for the notables of the era.

1888. The Hotel Victoria in Kansas City, Missouri, was the first to offer an en suite bathroom with
every room.

1893. The first school for hoteliers. Ecole hoteliere de Lausanne, was founded in Lausanne,
Switzerland. That same year, the Waldorf Astoria in New York opened its doors. It was the first hotel to
offer room service; its maitre d' created the Waldorf salad.

Early 20th century. The early years of the twentieth century saw the construction of new luxury
hotels. The Ritz in Madrid, the Savoy in London, the Beau Rivage Palace in Lausanne, the Plaza in New
York, the Metropole in Brussels, the Plaza-Athenee in Paris, the Taj Mahal in Bombay, etc. During this
period, Switzerland built its first ski resorts.

1923. La Mamounia was built among gardens in Marrakech, Morocco; many considered it to be the
most beautiful hotel in the world.

1927. Hot Shoppes was founded in Washington D.C., a hospitality company that later became
Marriott Corp.

1950s. After the Great Depression and the war, the 50's saw a second boom in the hotel industry,
including the advent of Club Med, the first casino hotels, the first hotels developed by airline companies,
and new resorts flourishing around the Mediterranean. In the United States, Holiday Inn and Howard
Johnson's motor lodges were founded; 35,000 motels were built between 1939 and 1960.

Latter half of the 20th century. Thanks to various social and economic factors, middle-class people
had more time and money to indulge in travel. Hotels began to diversify, catering to different budgets
and interests (spas, casinos, motels, hostels, resorts, conference hotels) and offering a more varied
range of services.

1970. Hotels catering to business people began to proliferate, especially in the Middle East, Europe
and North America.

1980s. The third boom in the hotel industry began in 1980. International hotel chains (mostly
American) expand in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia.

Digital age. Software companies began developing new tools for the hospitality industry that are
still evolving today, including customer databases any systems for reservations, room and housekeeping
management, customer preferences, loyalty programs and more.

1993. The travel industry was quick to take advantage of the advent of the Internet, giving
customers the opportunity to compare, book and review hotels from their home

1997. Hotel Adlon Berlin, destroyed in 1945, is rebuilt for $260 million on its original site facing the
Brandenburg Gate. Its exterior is a virtual replica of the original; inside, the rooms are the ultimate in
luxury.

Early 21st century. Global corporate hotel chains merge and acquire each other. InterContinental
Hotel Group now owns Holiday Inn and Crowne Plaza; Marriott owns Renaissance; AccorHotels owns
the brands Raffles, Sofitel and Novotel.

2009. AirBnB is founded, challenging the hotel industry by attracting tourists and taking market
share. Hotels respond with creative marketing approaches, including social media campaigns and
personalized customer experiences created through smart devices.

2014. The Waldorf Astoria New York is sold to the Chinese Anbang Insurance Group for $1.95
billion, the most ever paid for a hotel.

2015. The First World Hotel in Pahang, Malaysia, expands to become the largest hotel in the world,
with 7351 rooms.

History of the Transportation industry

2500 BC. A boat of cedar plank, some 44 meters long, is buried in Giza
500 BC. The great network of roads built by Darius I has at its center the 2000-mile royal road from
Susa to Sardis
490 BC. Pheldippides, given the task of running from Athens to Sparta to request help at Marathon
against the Persians, completes the journey in two days.
312 BC. The first Roman Road, the Via Apple, links Rome with Capua
47. Roman legions build the Fosse Way, a raised road with a ditch on each side stretching from
Lincoln to Devon
1271. Marco Polo, aged seventeen, sets off from Venice on his journey to the east
1300. Porto charts, showing the coastlines of the Mediterranean, Black Sea and Atlantic coast, are
the start of accurate mapmaking
1325. Ibn Batutah leaves his home in Morocco to go on pilgrimage to Mecca, and continues
traveling for 24 years
1391. Construction begins on a canal from Lubbock south to the Elbe, linking the Baltic and the
North Sea
1450. The caravel, a sailing ship developed in the Mediterranean and used down the west coast of
Africa, I adapted by the Portuguese for Atlantic use.
1500. The Inca empire has about 25,000 miles of well-serviced roads, designed for caravans of
llamas.
1660. The berlin, developed in Berlin, becomes the most successful carriage of the 17th century
1700. Holland and England are now producing the magnificent ocean-going merchant vessels
known as East Indiamen
1720. The post chaise, introduced in France, provides the first chance of reasonably comfortable
travel by land
1720. Young noblemen, particularly from Britain, visit Italy on the Grand Tour
1755. The first Conestoga wagons are acquired by George Washington for an expedition through
the Alleghenies
1784. The first mail coach leaves Bristol for London, introducing a new era of faster transport
1802. A steam tug designed by William Symington, the Charlotte Dundas, goes into service on the
Forth and Clyde canal
1803. Cornish engineer Richard Trevithick drives a steam carriage in London, from Holborn to
Paddington and back
1804. Richard Trevithick runs the first locomotive on rails, pulling heavy weights a distance of 9
miles per Merthyr Tydfil in Wales
1807. US engineer Robert Fulton launches a steamboat, the Clermont, on New York's Hudson river
1811. Work begins at Cumberland in Maryland on the construction of America's National Road
1813. William Hedley's Puffing Billy, the first steam locomotive running on smooth rails, goes to
work at Wylam colliery
1815. Scottish engineer John McAdam builds the first macadamized road, in the Bristol region of
southwest England
1825. Active is the engine on the first passenger railway, between Stockton and Darlington
1825. Work begin the 363-mile Erie Canal that will link the Hudson River to Lake Erie
1829. The locomotive Rocket, built by George and Robert Stephenson, defeats two rivals in the
Rainhill trials, near Liverpool
1830. George Stephenson's railway between Liverpool and Manchester opens, with passengers
pulled by eight locomotives based on Rocket
1832. The Gota canal is completed, enabling ships to cross Scandinavia from the North Sea to the
Baltic
1833. The first-long distance US railway, in South Carolina, carries its first passengers
1837. The first trains run between London and Birmingham on the railway designed by Robert
Stephenson
1838. An Irish packet steamer, the Sirius, becomes the first steamship to cross the Atlantic,
completing the journey to New York in 19 days
1841. With a teetotalers' rail trip for 570 people, Thomas Cook introduces the notion of the
package tour
1843. Isambard Kingdom Brunel launches the Great Britain, the first iron steamship designed for
the transatlantic passenger trade
1852. US entrepreneur Cornelius Vanderbilt conveys passengers across the American continent
through Nicaragua by steamship and horse and carriage
1855. The Panama Railroad company completes a line between the Atlantic and the Pacific,
providing America's first transcontinental link
1858. Brunel dies just before the maiden voyage of his gigantic final project, the luxury liner The
Great Eastern
1860. Mail is carried by horse relay from Missouri to California, traveling 2000 miles in ten days in
the service known as the Pony Express
1863. The Metropolitan Railway, the world's first to go underground, opens in London using steam
trains between Paddington and Farrington Street
1885. German engineer Karl Friedrich Benz builds the Tri-Star, a three-wheeled vehicle with an
internal combustion that is considered the first commercial automobile
1886. German engineer Gottlied Wilhelm Daimier builds the first successful 4-wheel vehicle with an
internal combustion engine
1890. The world's first electronic underground railways passes under theThames, linking the City of
London and Stockwell
1891. Work begins in the Urals and at Vladivostok, laying track which will eventually join up as the
Trans-Siberian railway
1896. US engineer Henry Ford test drives his first four-wheel internal-combustion vehicle, the
Quadricycle, built in a coal shed behind his home
1908. The first Model T Ford rolls off the production line at the Piquette Avenue plant in Detroit
1910. Ferdinand Zeppelin's dirigible Deutschland provides the first commercial air service for
passengers
1912. The White Star liner Titanic sinks on her maiden voyage from Southampton to New York,
drowning 1,513 passengers and crew
1914. The Panama Canal opens to shipping on a neutral basis just two weeks after the start of
World War I.
1916. William Boeing flies an aircraft built by himself, and a month later sets up in Seattle his own
Aero Product company
1927. UA aviator Charles Lindbergh, in his single-engine plane Spirit of St. Louis, flies solo across the
Atlantic from New York to Paris
1932. US aviator Amelia Earhart lands in Ireland 15 hours after leaving Newfoundland, to become
the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic
1949. The world's first commercial jet airliner, the Comet, designed by de Havilland, goes into
service with BOAC (British Overseas Airways Corporation)
1969. The Anglo-French airliner Concorde makes its first supersonic test flight
2000. A Concorde supersonic airliner crashes after take-off from Paris, killing all 109 on board
2005. The superjumbo Airbus A380 makes its first test flight from Toulouse
2007. The first passenger flight on the massive Airbus A380 goes from Singapore to Sydney, with
Singapore Airlines

GOVERNMENT SECTORS OF THE TOURISM INDUSTRY

United Nations World Tourism Organization
The UNWTO is the United Nations agency responsible for the promotion of responsible, sustainable and
universally accessible tourism. The Secretary-General of the UNWTO is Antonio Guterres.
UNWTO's leadership vision acknowledges the most pressing challenges facing tourism and identifies the
sector's ability to overcome them and to drive wider positive change, including the opportunities
responsible tourism offers for the advancement of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
UNWTO members have endorsed the Management Vision of the Secretary-General which seeks to
position tourism as a policy priority, lead in knowledge creation, enhance the Organization's capacity
through building new and stronger partnerships, and offer better value for existing members while also
expanding membership.
To realize the Management Vision, UNWTO's work is based around five distinct pillars:
1. making tourism smarter through celebrating innovation and leading the digital transformation of
the sector;
2. making tourism more competitive at every level through promoting investment and promoting
entrepreneurship;
3. creating more and better jobs and providing relevant training;
4. building resilience and promoting safe and seamless travel; and
5. harnessing tourism's unique potential to protect cultural and natural heritage and to support
communities both economically and socially.
 UNWTO encourages the implementation of the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism, to maximize
tourism's socio-economic contribution while minimizing its possible negative impacts, and is
committed to promoting tourism as an instrument in achieving the Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs), geared towards reducing poverty and fostering sustainable development
worldwide.
 UNWTO generates market knowledge, promotes competitive and sustainable tourism policies
and instruments, fosters tourism education and training, and works to make tourism an effective
tool for development through technical assistance projects in over 100 countries around the
world.
 UNWTO's membership includes 159 member states, 6 associate members and over 500 affiliate
members representing the private sector, educational institutions, tourism associations and local
authorities.

Sustainable Development Goals

 Global Code of Ethics for Tourism
As a fundamental frame of reference for a responsible and sustainable tourism, the Global Code of Ethics
for Tourism (GCET) is a comprehensive set of principles designed to guide key players in tourism
development. Addressed to governments, the travel industry, communities and tourists alike, it aims to
help maximize the sector's benefits while minimizing its potentially negative impact on the environment,
cultural heritage and societies across the globe.
Adopted in 1999 by the General Assembly of the World Tourism Organization, its acknowledgment by
the United Nations two years later expressly encouraged UNWTO tp promote the effective follow-up of
its provisions. Although not legally binding, the Code features a voluntary implementation mechanism
through its recognition of the role of the World Committee on Tourism Ethics (WCTE), to which
stakeholders may refer matters concerning the application and interpretation of the document.

Department of Tourism
MISSION
The Department of Tourism (DOT) shall be the primary government agency charged with the
responsibility to encourage, promote, and develop tourism as a major socio-economic activity to
generate foreign currency and employment and to spread the benefits of tourism to both the private
and public sector.

SECTOR:
Sec. Christina Frasco

Office of the Secretary

The Office of the Secretary provides leadership, direction, and substance to the overall operations of the
Department. It formulates policies, plans, programs, rules, and regulations; reviews and evaluates the
performance of the Tourism Master Plan and advises the President on all matters affecting the tourism
programs of the country.
Tourism Promotions Sector
The Tourism Promotion Sector has the primary function of promoting the Philippines as a tourist
destination domestically and internationally. It devises integrated marketing and promotional activities
such as an information dissemination, public relations, special events, and related tourism programs. It
likewise supervises the overseas field offices established to implement and enhance the tourism
development and promotion program of the Department in the international field.
Tourism Services and Regional Offices Sector
The Tourism Services and regional Offices Sector is tasked to ensure the pleasant entry, stay, and exit of
tourists. It formulates standards of quantity and efficiency for tourism-oriented establishments, among
others, done through an accreditation system. Tourist establishments' compliance to policies are
monitored to make sure that their facilities and services are operated and maintained according to
acceptable International norms. The Sector also supervises DOT's regional operations established to
implement the policies, plans, programs, and regulations of the Department and to maintain the delivery
of efficient and effective frontline services for the tourism industry.
Planning, Product Development and Coordination
The Tourism Planning, Product Development and Coordination Sector is responsible for the formulations
and updating of the Tourism Master Plan, together with its component programs. The sector monitors
the effective implementation of the Tourism Master Plan, and in coordination with the private sector and
other government institutions, develops and conceptualizes new products and investment opportunities
designed to enhance tourist sites and facilities.
Internal Services Sector
The Internal Services Sector ensures the smooth and legal functioning of the operations of the
Department through the provision of effective and efficient advice and services in the areas of personal
management, Human Resources development, general services administration, computerization and
information technology services, budgetary, financial and management services, and including
investigatory and advisory services.

Tourism Promotions Board

An attached agency of the Department of Tourism, The Tourism Promotions Board exists to market and
promote the Philippines domestically and internationally as a world-class tourism and MICE destination,
in strategic partnership with private and public stakeholders to deliver a unique high-value experience for
visitors, significantly contributing to increased arrivals, receipts and investments to the country.

Tourism Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority

The TIEZA shall be a body corporate which shall:

 designate, regulate and supervise the Tourism Enterprise Zones with the primary objective of
encouraging investments
 develop, manage and supervise tourism infrastructure projects
 ensure strict compliance of the TEZ operator with the approved development plan
 continue to exercise functions previously exercised by the PTA (Philippine Tourism Authority)
under Presidential Decree No. 564, unless otherwise inconsistent with other provisions of this
Act.
- implementing arm of the Department of Tourism
- develop tourist zones
- assist private enterprise
- assure and availability
- coordinate all tourist project plans and operations
 Intramuros Administration
The Intramuros Administration (IA) is responsible for the orderly restoration and development of
Intramuros as a monument to the Hispanic period in Philippine history. It ensures that the general
appearance of Intramuros conforms to the Philippine-Spanish architecture of the 16th to the 19th
century.

National Parks Development Committee

NPDC shall develop, preserve, and manage Rizal Park and Paco Park to ensure the general public's
appreciation of the Park's facilities and activities. In particular, it shall:
1. provide the general public with access to and enjoyment of an open park through well managed
and maintained facilities and structures, well-developed environment through landscape design
and plant ornaments, while ensuring the orderliness of the parks as well as the safety and security
of the park-goers
2. showcase national heritage through programs aimed at promoting Filipino arts, culture and
tradition, and exchanges with other nations, conceptualize events and activities of socio-culture-
economic-physiological impact such as performances and programs in order to develop national
consciousness
3. develop new parks
4. develop conducive atmosphere consonant to preservation of historical significance through
partnership with the community and NGOs
5. ensure viability of NPDC's financial position in support of NPDCs goals and objectives
6. establish inter-agency linkages to achieve NPDC's thrusts and programs

Duty Free Philippines Corp.

Executive Order No. 46 (E.O. 46) dated September 4, 1986, authorized the Department of Tourism,
through the Philippine Tourism Authority (PTA), to establish and operate a duty and tax -free
merchandising system in the Philippines for the purpose of augmenting service facilities for tourists and
generating foreign exchange and revenue for the government. Under this system, PTA has the exclusive
authority to operate shops and stores that sell tax and duty free merchandise, goods, and articles in
international airports and seaports throughout the country or to contract private parties through public
bidding to operate these stores.
In 2009, DFP was reorganized into Duty Free Philippines Corporation with the signing of the Tourism Act
of 2009, (Republic Act No. 9593). As a government corporation, DFPC is tasked to operate the duty and
tax-free merchandising system in the Philippines to augment the service facilities for tourists and to
generate foreign exchange and revenue for the government as mandated by E.O. 46.
 Philippine Commission on Sports Scuba Diving
By virtue of the Letter of Instruction no. 745 issued September 29, 1978, the Philippine Commission on
the Promotion and Development of Sports SCUBA Diving was created by then former President Ferdinand
Marcos.

The Commission is mandated to:

1. promulgate programs geared to the development of the country as a premier diving area in Asia
2. formulate rules, regulations, safety standards and operating procedures to implement the
development of Sports SCUBA Diving
3. undertake studies, researches and surveys for possible incentives to the private sector who may
wish to undertake projects and programs beneficial to the development of SCUBA Diving
Tourism within the framework of related presidential decrees.
4. formulate and implement programs on marine conservation, particularly those areas of high
touristic values.

Strengthened by the Republic Act 9593- Tourism Policy Section 31:

1. attaching the PCSSD to the Department of Tourism

2. intensifying measures to provide the standard basic dive rules to all levels or kinds of divers
3. to regulate SCUBA sports and technical diving in the country
4. coordinate with the Office of Tourism Standards and Regulations for accreditation processes

Philippine Retirement Authority

The Philippine Retirement Authority (PRA) is a government owned and controlled corporation created
by virtue of Executive Order No. 1037, signed by former President Ferdinand Marcos on July 4, 1985. On
August 31, 2001, through Executive Order No. 26, the control and supervision of PRA was transferred to
the Board of Investments (BOI)- Department of Trade and Industry from the Office of the President.
On May 12, 2009, R.A. 9593, otherwise known as the Tourism Act of 2009, PRA became an attached
agency of the Department of Tourism and placed under the supervision of the Secretary.
PRA is mandated to develop and promote the Philippines as retirement haven as a means of accelerating
the social and economic development of the country strengthening its foreign exchange position at the
same time providing further quality of life to the targeted retirees in a most attractive package.

The Private Sector in the Tourism Industry

Components of the Tourism Industry

- travel agents - transport
- tour operators - information and guiding
- lodging and catering - attractions
 Accommodation
CATERED ACCOMMODATION
Catered accommodation provides the tourist with food. The food may or may not be included in the
price for the room. Catering comes in different shapes and sizes and in different amounts. Half-
board usually means that the tourist will be given breakfast and dinner as part of their package. Full
board means that the guest will be served three meals and all-inclusive means that they have unlimited
food and drinks throughout the day. Bed and breakfast provides only breakfast. Some accommodation
is sold as " room only ", but provides the opportunity for the tourist to purchase food at an additional
cost. This is still classified as a catered accommodation type. Catered accommodation is generally
associated with a number of facilities which include: room, reception, restaurant and bar, housekeeping,
leisure facilities, gym or health club, conference and business facilities and, entertainment.

 HOTEL - most common type of accommodation for tourists

 BED & BREAKFAST - literally, it is a type of accommodation that offers bed and serves breakfast
during a guest's stay
 GUEST HOUSES AND HOMESTAY - it is similar to a bed & breakfast, but it may or may not offer
breakfast. It is intended to facilitate a deep cultural experience, with the intention to live or
immerse yourself with a family in their home.
 CHALET - typically found in ski resorts and can come on a self-catering or catered basis. Often
they are available with your own personal chef.
 YOUTH HOSTEL - a type of accommodation designed to suit the needs of those on a budget.They
are largely aimed at young people. Youth hostels often provide dormitory-style accommodation,
with shared rooms and bunk beds.

SELF-CATERED ACCOMMODATION
Self-catered or non-catered accommodation are types of accommodation that do not offer food. Self-
catered accommodations offer cooking facilities, such as a small kitchen and cooking equipment. Non-
catered accommodation is likely a room-only accommodation is likely a room-only accommodation with
no cooking facilities. Products and services that are typically offered in self-catered and non-catered
accommodation options include the following: rooms, kitchen, tent, caravan pitch, entertainment, sports
facilities, laundry services and showers.

 COTTAGES - typically a small, cozy house that is classed as being old or traditional. It provides
tourists with the opportunity for a "home from home" experience. Guests can usually cook, do
laundry, and watch TV, as they would in their own home.
 APARTMENTS - are popular self-catering accommodation option. Apartments are found in many
areas, but are most common in built up areas such as towns and cities and busy resorts.
 Apartments can be large or small and can range from short-term to long-term agreements.
 HOSTELS - same as youth hostels, except, they may not provide provisions for catering. Some
hostels have a communal area, such as a seating area or kitchen, whereas others may not.

 BOATS - renting own boat and sleeping on it, like yachts, canal boats and house boats
 LOG CABINS - defined by the material that they are built with - logs. They can be small or large
and have varying facilities inside.
 MOTELS - a hotel room with a parking space. They usually offer simple room-only
accommodation, but some may have simple cooking facilities.
 APARTHOTELS - offers a combination of what you get in a typically hotel with the facilities
associated with an apartment.
 CARAVANS - can be transported from place to place, or they can be situated in one location, most
are located close to the seaside.
 STATIC OR TOURISM MOTORHOMES - a vehicle that enables you to travel in it by day and sleep
in it by night. Some motorhomes are the size of small vans, with limited facilities and
functions. Other motorhomes are large recreational vehicles (RVs) that come with all the
conveniences including a kitchen and bathroom.
 CAMPING - TENTS, YURTS, TEPEES - Camping is often one of the cheapest types of
accommodation, especially if you have your own tent. All you need to do is your spot on a camp
site. Many camp sites also offer camping with additional amenities, such as a bed, wardrobe,
lamps, etc. This is often referred to as glamping.

Food and Beverage Sector

 QUICK SERVICE RESTAURANTS - also known as fast food restaurants. This prominent portion of
the food sector generally caters to both residents and visitors, and it is represented in areas that
are conveniently accessed by both. Brands, chains, and franchises dominate the QSR
landscape. While the sector has made steps to move away from the traditional "fast food" image
and style of service, it is still dominated by both fast food, in other words, food that is purchased
and prepared quickly, and generally consumed quickly as well.
 FAST CASUAL RESTAURANTS - focus on higher quality ingredients than QSRs and provide made-
to-order food in an environment that does not include table service. Customers usually queue
and order at a counter. The seating area is more upscale and comfortable.
 FULL - SERVICE RESTAURANTS - Consumer expectations are higher here than with QSRs. The
menus offered are varied, but in general reflect the image of the restaurant or consumer's desired
experience. Major segments include fine dining, family/casual, ethnic, and upscale casual. Fine
dining restaurants are characterized by highly trained chefs preparing complex food items,
exquisitely presented . Meals are brought to the table by experienced servers with sound food
and beverage knowledge in an upscale atmosphere with table linens, fine china, crystal stemware,
and silver-plate cutlery. The table is often embellished with fresh flowers and candles.
 CASUAL RESTAURANTS - serve moderately-priced to upscale food in a more casual
atmosphere. Casual dining comprises a market segment between fast casual establishments and
fine dining restaurants. Casual dining restaurants often have a full bar with separate bar staff, a
larger beer menu and a limited wine menu. Examples are Chili's, TGIFriday's and Outback.
 FAMILY RESTAURANTS - offer affordable menu items that span a variety of customer tastes. They
also have the operational flexibility in menu and restaurant layout to welcome large groups of
diners. An analysis of menus in family/ casual restaurants reveals a high degree of operational
techniques such as menu item cross-utilization, where a few key ingredients are repurposed in
several ways.
 ETHNIC RESTAURANTS - typically reflect the owner's cultural identity. The growth and changing
nature of this sector reflects the acceptance of various ethnic foods within communities.
BARS, WINERIES, AND CRAFT DISTILLING
The beverage industry continues to evolve as well with a strong focus on local craft beers, wines, cider
and distilling.

Recreation and Entertainment

RECREATION

Recreation can be defined as the pursuit of leisure activities during one's spare time and can include
vastly different activities such as golf, sport fishing, and rock climbing. In tourism, outdoor recreation can
be defined as " outdoor activities that take place in a natural setting, as opposed to a highly cultivated or
managed landscape such as a playing field or golf course. This term is typically applied to outdoor
activities in which individuals engage close to their community. When these activities are further away,
and people must travel some distance to participate in them, they are often described as "adventure
tourism."

Ultimately, categorization is based on a combination of several factors, including manner of engagement

in the activity (risk exposure, experience requirement, group or solo activity), the distance traveled to
access the activity, and the type of environment (proximity to nature, level of challenge involved) in which
the activity occurs.

ENTERTAINMENT

In the tourism industry, there are two major types of entertainment, gaming and theme parks.

GAMING

Gaming has grown significantly in the US and globally. The number of casinos in the US has been growing
since 2010, and in 2013, there were over 500 commercial casinos. Most casinos involve other facets of
the hospitality industry such as lodging, F&B, golf, entertainment, spas, etc., but they also have the added
challenges of casino operations.

THEME PARKS

Theme parks have a long history dating back to the 1500's in Europe, and have evolved ever
since. Today, it is hard not to compare any amusement park destination to Disneyland and Disney
world. Opened in 1955 in California, Disneyland set the standard for theme parks. Theme parks outside
of California and Florida are often highly seasonable operations challenged with significant staffing and
training requirements each year.

Convention and Event Management

CONVENTION
 Is a large meeting of people with similar interests who meet for a period of at least a few days to
discuss their field. An event is a gathering at a given place and time, usually of some importance,
often celebrating or commemorating a special occasion.
 Both conventions and events can be extremely complex projects, which is why, over time, the role of
meeting planners has taken on greater importance. The development of education, training programs,
and professional designations such as CMPs (Certified Meeting Planners), CSEP (Certified Special Events
Professional), and CMM (Certificate in Meeting Management) has led to increased credibility in this
business and demonstrates the importance of the sector to the economy.
Meeting planners may be independent contractors hired to facilitate the planning process, work directly
for the company full time to coordinate their meeting, or work for hotels, conference centers and event
venues directly.
EVENT CATEGORIES
 Mega event - a large scale, highly prestigious event such as the Olympic Games, the FIFA World
Cup, or a global economic summit.
 Special event - is a one-time or infrequent specific ritual, presentation, performance, or
celebration. Special events are planned and created to mark a special occasion, such as a
presidential inauguration, or the Queen of England's 90th birthday
 Hallmark event - is a unique event that is often identified with the location where it is held, like
Carnival in Rio de Janeiro or Oktoberfest in Munich.
 Festival - is a themed public celebration that conveys, through a kaleidoscope of activities, certain
meaning to participants and spectators. Festivals are often celebration of community or culture
and feature music, dance, or dramatic performances. examples are the Lollapalooza, the Cannes
Film Festival, etc.
 Local community event - is generated by and for locals, although it may attract tourists, its main
audience is the local community.

Types of Meetings and Conventions

 Conventions - generally have very large attendance, and are held on a regular schedule but in
different locations. They also often require a bidding process.
 Association meetings or Conferences - are held regionally and nationally for hundreds of
associations or events focused on specific themes.
 Corporate meetings - will vary significantly in size and purpose and include regional or national
sales meetings, shareholder meetings, training sessions, or celebrations. The location will vary
depending on the nature of the meeting. They may be held at an airport property, a traditional
corporate meeting facility or even an upscale resort
 Trade shows and Trade Fairs - can be stand-alone events, or adjoin a convention or conference.

Travel Services
The travel services sector is made up of a complex web of relationships between a variety of suppliers,
tourism products, destination marketing organizations, tour operators, and travel agents, among many
others.
Travel agencies
o A travel agency is a business that operates as the intermediary between the travel industry
(supplier) and the traveler (purchaser). Part of the role of the travel agency is to market
prepackaged travel tours and holidays to potential travelers. The agency can further function as
a broker between the traveler and hotels, car rentals, and tour companies. Travel agencies can
be small and privately owned or part of a larger entity.
Online travel agencies
o Online travel agents are companies that aggregate accommodations and transportation options
and allow users to choose one or many components of their trip based on price or other
incentives. Examples of OTAs include Booking.com, Expedia.com, Kayak.com.
Tour operators
o A tour operator packages all or most of the components of an offered trip and then sells them to
the traveler. These packages can also be sold through retail outlets or travel agencies. Tour
operators work closely with hotels, transportation providers, and attractions in order to purchase
large volumes of each component and package these at a better rate than the traveler could by
purchasing individually.

Tourism Act of 2009

REPUBLIC ACT No. 9593

AN ACT DECLARING A NATIONAL POLICY FOR TOURISM AS AN ENGINE OF INVESTMENT, EMPLOYMENT,
GROWTH AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND STRENGTHENING THE DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM AND ITS
ATTACHED AGENCIES TO EFFECTIVELY AND EFFICIENTLY IMPLEMENT THAT POLICY, APPROPRIATING
FUNDS THEREFOR

SECTION 3. OBJECTIVES - Pursuant to the above declaration, the State shall adopt the following
objectives:

a. Develop a national tourism action plan and work for its adoption and implementation by national
and local governments;
b. Encourage activités and programs which promote tourism awareness, preserve the country's
diverse cultures and heritage, and instill a sense of history and a culture of tourism among the
youth and populace;
c. All things being equal, grant preferential treatment to the employment of Filipino nationals in
tourism-related enterprises;
d. Provide full government assistance by way of competitive investment incentives, long-term
development fund and other financing schemes extended to tourism related investments;
e. Ensure that tourism development protects and promotes the general well-being of the Filipino
people, particularly in the area of investment, to include the monitoring and prevention of any
act of profiteering or speculation to the detriment of local residents, as well as the exploitation of
women and children in tourism;
f. Encourage competition in the tourism industry and maximize consumer choice by enhancing the
continued viability of the retail travel industry and independent tour operation industry;
g. Enhance the collection, analysis and dissemination of data which accurately measure the
economic and social impact of tourism in the country to facilitate planning in the public and
private sectors;
h. Ensure the right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology through the promotion of
activities geared towards environmental protection, conservation and restorations;
i. Develop responsible tourism as a strategy for environmentally sound and community
participatory tourism programs, enlisting the participation of local communities, including
indigenous peoples, in conserving bio-physical and cultural diversity, promoting environmental
understanding and education, providing assistance in the determination of ecotourism sites and
ensuring full enjoyment of the benefits of tourism by the concerned communities;
j. Strengthen the role of tourism councils and encourage the participation of non-government
organizations (NGOs), people's organizations (POs) and the private sector in initiating programs
for tourism development and environmental protection;
k. Promote the progressive development of existing civil aviation, land and sea transportation
policies as they relate to tourism, in consonance with existing bilateral agreements and inter-
agency pronouncements;
l. Promote and ensure the convention-handling capability of the country as a world-class
convention center;
m. Achieve a balance in tourism development between urban and rural areas in order to spread the
benefits of tourism and contribute to poverty alleviation, better access to infrastructure and to a
reduction in regional imbalances;
n. Enhance capability-building of local government units (LGUs), in partnership with the private
sector, in the management of local tourism projects and initiatives, thereby ensuring accessible
and affordable destinations throughout the country, especially in areas which have shown strong
comparative advantage;
o. Maintain international standards of excellence in all tourism facilities and services, and promote
the country as a safe and wholesome tourist destination;
p. Enhance international business relations for the support of tourism projects of the private sector,
through partnerships, joint ventures and other cooperative undertakings involving local and
foreign investors;
q. Support the establishment of tourism enterprise zones (TEZs), which will provide the necessary
vehicle to coordinate actions of the public and private sectors to address development barriers,
attract and focus investment on specific geographic areas and upgrade product and service
quality; and
r. Ensure a sustainable funding mechanism for the implementation of tourism policies, plans,
programs, projects and activities.
 Chapter 1 Section 4
Section 4. Definition of Terms
The following items, as used in this Act, are defined as follows:
a. "Department" refers to the Department of Tourism created pursuant to Presidential Decree No.
189 (1973), as amended;
b. "Secretary" refers to the Secretary of Tourism'
c. "Duty Free Philippines" (DFP) refers to the government agency created pursuant to Executive
Order No. 46 (1986);
d. "Duty Free Philippines Corporation" (DFPC) refers to the corporate created out of DFP pursuant
to this Act;
e. "Philippine Convention and Visitors Corporation" (PCVC) refers to the corporate entity created
pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 867, as amended;
f. "Intramuros Administration" (IA) refers to the government agency created pursuant to
Presidential Decree No. 1616 (1979), as amended;
g. "Philippine retirement Authority" (PRA) refers to the government agency created pursuant to
Executive Order No. 1037 (1985);
h. "Tourism Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority"(TIEZA) refers to the government agency
created pursuant to this Act;
i. "Tourism Enterprise Zone" (TEZ) refers to tourism enterprise zones created pursuant to this Act;
j. "TEZ Overseer" refers to any person who shall be appointed by the TIEZA" in specific zones to
perform such functions as may be delegated by the TIEZA in accordance with law;
k. "TEZ Operator" refers to an entity duly incorporated under Batas Pambansa Blg. 68, otherwise
known as the Corporation Code of the Philippines, and other relevant laws, whose capital may be
provided by LGUs and/or private entities, and which shall administer and supervise the TEZ;
l. "TEZ Administrator" refers to the person appointed by the Board of Directors of a TEZ Operator
who shall be responsible for implementing the policies, plans and projects of the TEZ Operator;
m. "Registered Enterprise" refers to an enterprise located within a TEZ that is duly registered with
the TIEZA;
n. "Philippine Tourism Authority" (PTA) refers to the existing implementation arm of the Department
of Tourism created pursuant to the Presidential Decree No. 189 (1973), as amended;
o. "Tourism Promotions Board" (TPB) refers to the body corporate created under this Act;
p. "Tourism enterprises" refers to facilities, services and attractions involved in tourism, such as, but
not limited to: travel and tour services; tourist transport services, whether for land, sea or air
transportation; tour guides; adventure sports services involving such sports as mountaineering,
spelunking, scuba diving, and other sports activities of significant tourism potential; convention
organizers; accommodation establishments, including, but not limited to hotels, resorts,
apartelles, tourist inns, motels, pension houses, and home stay operators; tourism estate
management services, restaurants, shops and department stores, sports and recreational centers,
spas, museums and galleries, theme parks, convention centers and zoos;
q. "Primary tourism enterprises" refers to travel and tour services; land, sea and air transport
services exclusively for tourist use; accommodation establishments; convention and exhibition
organizers; tourism estate management services; and such other enterprises as may be identified
by the Secretary, after due consultation with concerned sectors;
r. "Secondary tourism enterprises" refers to all other tourism enterprises not covered by the
preceding subsection;
s. "Greenfield Tourism Zone" refers to a new or pioneer development, as determined by the TIEZA;
 t. "Brownfield Tourism Zone" refers to an area with existing infrastructure or development as
determined by the TIEZA;
u. "Foreign Visitors" refers to all passengers using foreign passports; and
v. "Sustainable Tourism Development" refers tot he management of all resources that meets the
needs of tourists and host regions while protecting the opportunities for the future, in such a way
that economic, social and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled while maintaining cultural integrity,
essential ecological processes, biological biodiversity and life support systems.

Tourism Governance
Subchapter II-A. Structure of the Department

SECTION 5 - Mandate

a. The Department of Tourism, herein referred to as the Department, shall be the primary
planning, programming, coordinating, implementing and regulatory government agency in the
development and promotion of the tourism industry, both domestic and international, in
coordination with attached agencies and other government instrumentalities. It shall instill in
the Filipino the industry's fundamental importance in the generation of employment,
investment and foreign exchange.

SECTION 6 - Powers and Functions

 the Department shall have the following powers and functions:

a. Formulate tourism policies, plans and projects for the development of tourism as an
engine of socio-economic and cultural growth;
b. Supervise and coordinate the implementation of tourism policies, plans and project
c. Call upon all agencies of government to properly carry out their programs in relation to
and in coordination with the policies, plans and projects of the Department to assist in
the implementation thereof;
d. Communicate to the President, and the heads of departments, agencies and
instrumentalities of the government, the impact upon tourism and the economy of
proposed governmental actions;
e. Provide an integrated market development program to attract people to visit the
Philippines and enhance the prestige of the country and the Filipino people in the
international community;
f. Represent the government in all domestic and international conferences and fora, and
in all multilateral or bilateral treaties and international agreements concerning tourism,
and ensure the government's implementation thereof and compliance with all
obligations arising there from;
g. Request the President for representation in all government agencies, office, boards,
commissions and committees that may affect tourism;
h. Call upon relevant government departments, agencies and offices, in consultation with
the private sector, to provide access, to travel, to facilitate the process of obtaining and
extending visas, to integrate and simplify travel regulations and immigration procedures
 and to ensure their efficient, fair and courteous enforcement to assure expeditious and
hospitable reception of all visitors;
i. Support, advance and promote the protection, maintenance and preservation of
historical, cultural and natural endowments, in cooperation with appropriate
government agencies and the private sector, and take appropriate measures against
acts of omissions contrary to these objectives;
j. Monitor conditions of any community in the Philippines and, in consultation with the
LGUs and law enforcers, issue timely advisories on the safety or viability of travel to
particular places within the Philippines and on patronage of entities engaged tourism
related activities and of tourism products;
k. Evaluate tourism development projects for the issuance of permits and the grant of
incentives by appropriate government agencies, establish a databank of tourism areas
and projects for investment purposes, and encourage private sector investment and
participation in tourism activities and projects;
l. Formulate and promulgate, in consultation with the LGUs, the private sector industries
and other tourism stakeholders, rules and regulations governing the operation and
activities of all tourism enterprises, including but not limited to a national standard for
licensing, accreditation and classification of tourism enterprises, prescribing therein
minimum levels of operating quality and efficiency for their operation in accordance
with recognized international standards, impose reasonable penalties for violation of
accreditation policies and recommend to the LGUs concerned the suspension or
prohibition of operation of a tourism enterprise;
m. Monitor the LGUs' compliance to national standards in the licensing of tourism
enterprises, receive and investigate complaints concerning these enterprises, and act on
such complaints to properly implement the provisions of this Act;
n. Ensure the proper coordination, integration, prioritization and implementation of local
tourism development plans with that of the National Government;
o. Provide technical assistance to LGUs in destination development, standard setting and
regulatory enforcement;
p. Undertake continuing research studies and survey to analyze economic conditions and
trends relating to tourism and travel, and compile and integrate a statistical databank
on the tourism industry;
q. Delegate to regional offices, in coordination with LGUs, specific powers and functions in
the implementation of tourism policies, plans and projects;
r. Collect necessary fees and charges for the proper implementation of tourism policies,
plans and projects; and
s. exercise such other powers and functions as are necessary for the implementation of
this Act.

SECTION 7 - Structure of the Department

 the Department shall consist of the Department Proper, Department Offices, Services and Unit,
and the Regional and Foreign Offices.
SECTION 8 - Department Proper

 This Department Proper shall consist of the Offices of the Secretary, Undersecretaries and
Assistant Secretaries.

Regional Offices
SECTION 17 - Regional Offices
 The Department shall establish, operate and maintain a regional office in each administrative
region in the country. A Regional Office, headed by a Regional Director, shall have the following
functions:
a. Implement laws, policies, plans, programs, rules and regulations of the Department,
particularly those relating to compliance therewith, and to the accreditation of tourism
enterprises promulgated by the Department;
b. Coordinate with regional offices of other departments, bureaus and agencies, LGUs, NGOs,
and the regional offices of the Department's attached agencies in the implementation of such
laws, policies, plans, programs and rules and regulations;
c. Undertake research and data gathering on local tourism trends and other relevant tourism
information;
d. Together with LGUs, establish such tourist information and assistance centers at strategic
locations are necessary to disseminate relevant information pertaining to the tourist locations
and products and to assist tourists and tourism enterprises;
e. Conduct trainings and information campaigns, and assist the TPB in domestic promotions in
the pertinent region on subject matters such as the Act, the functions of the Department,
tourism traffic and new tourism sites, among others; and
f. Make recommendations to the Secretary on all matters relating to tourism in the region.

Rationalization of Functions
Subchapter II-B. Rationalization of Functions
SECTION 25. Reorganization of Offices
 The Philippine Tourism Authority (PTA) is hereby reorganized as the Tourism Infrastructure and
Enterprise Zone Authority (TIEZA), as hereinafter provided. The Philippine Convention and
Visitors Corporation (PCVC) is hereby reorganized as the Tourism Promotions Board (TPB), as
hereinafter provided.
The Bureaus for Domestic and International Tourism Promotions, and the Office of Tourism Information
of the Department are hereby absorbed into the Tourism Promotions Board.
 Attached Agencies and Corporations
Subchapter II-C. Attached Agencies and Corporations
SECTION 28. Attached Agencies and Corporations
 The TPB, TIEZA and DFPC (Duty Free Philippines Corporation) shall be attached to the Department
and shall be under the supervision of the Secretary for program and policy
coordination. Furthermore, the following agencies and corporations shall be attached to the
Department under the supervision of the Secretary for program and policy coordination, the
Intramuros Administration (IA); the National Parks Development Committee (NDPC), created
under Executive Order No. 30 (1963); the Nayong Pilipino Foundation, created under Presidential
Decree No. 37 (1972), as amended; the Philippine Retirement Authority (PRA); and the Philippine
Commission on Sports Scuba Diving (PCSSD). Except as hereinafter provided, each of the attached
agencies and corporations shall continue to operate under their respective charters.
SECTION 29. Intramuros Administration, National Parks Development Committee and Nayong Pilipino
Foundation
 The Intramuros Administration, the National Parks Development Committee and the Nayong
Pilipino Foundation shall continue to be attached to the Department and operate under their
respective charters. They may be authorized to operate TEZs, under the supervision of the TIEZA,
as provided under Chapters IV and V of this Act, within their respective jurisdictions: Provided,
that any restoration activity undertaken by the IA, the NPDC or the NPF may be entitled to a tax
deduction equivalent to the full cost of the restoration activity incurred in accordance with the
provisions of the National Internal Revenue Code, as amended.
SECTION 30. Philippine Retirement Authority
 For purposes of policy and program coordination, the Philippine Retirement Authority is hereby
attached to the Department and placed under the supervision of the Secretary. The Secretary
shall be the ex-officio Chairperson of its Board of Trustees; provided, that this provision shall apply
after the expiration of the term of office of the incumbent Chairperson.

SECTION 31. Philippine Commission on Sports Scuba Diving

 The Philippine Commission on Sports Scuba Diving shall likewise be attached to the Department
and placed under the supervision of the Secretary, who shall be the ex-officio Chairperson of its
Board of trustees. It shall undertake measures to provide the standard basic dive rules to all levels
or kinds of divers, regulate scuba sports and technical diving in the country and ensure the safety
of the sport through the formulation of policies pursuant thereto, in coordination with the Office
of Tourism Standards and Regulations, including the regulation of the accredited scuba sports and
technical diving establishments.
 Shared Responsibilities of National and Local Governments
SECTION 36. National Tourism Development Planning
 The Department, in coordination with its attached agencies, LGUs and the private sector, shall
continuously update the existing national tourism development plan in view of evolving needs
and capabilities of LGUs and the domestic and global tourism market.
SECTION 37. Local Tourism Development Planning
 LGUs, in consultation with stakeholders, are encouraged to utilize their powers under Republic
Act 7160, otherwise known as the Local Government Code of 1991, to ensure the preparation and
implementation of a tourism development plan, the enforcement of standards and the collection
of statistical data for tourism purposes. They shall, insofar as practicable, prepare local tourism
development plans that integrate zoning, land use, infrastructure development, the national
system of standards for tourism enterprises, heritage and environmental protection imperatives
in a manner that encourages sustainable tourism development.
SECTION 37. Reports
 In order to monitor the resources of the Department and to ascertain the economic and social
impact of tourism, all LGUs shall provide an inventory of all resources available to the Department
for use in the implementation of this Act. They shall likewise periodically report to the
Department on the status of tourism plans and programs, tourist arrivals, and tourism enterprises,
among others, within their jurisdictions.
SECTION 39. Accreditation
 In order to encourage global competitiveness, strengthen data gathering and, research on
tourism, and facilitate the promotion of individual enterprises and the industry as a whole, the
Department shall prescribe and regulate standards for the operation of the tourism
industry. Primary tourism enterprises shall be periodically required to obtain accreditation from
the Department as to the quality of their facilities and standard of services. Accreditation shall be
voluntary for secondary tourism enterprises.
SECTION 40. Value of Accreditation
 The Department shall develop a system to enhance the value of accreditation among primary and
secondary tourism enterprises. Only accredited enterprises shall be beneficiaries of promotional,
training and other programs of the Department and its attached agencies and corporations
 Accredited enterprises shall, insofar as practicable, give due preference to other accredited
enterprises in obtaining relevant services.
 The Department shall develop an integrated system of accreditation in coordination with
concerned agencies and entities, in order to reduce the regulatory and financial burden on
tourism-related enterprises.
SECTION 42. Tourism Officers
 Every province, city or municipality in which tourism is a significant industry shall have a
permanent position for a tourism officer. He or she shall be responsible for preparing,
implementing and updating local tourism development plans, and enforcing tourism laws, rules
 and regulations in the performance of his or her functions, the tourism officer shall coordinate
with the Department and its attached agencies.
 Prior to appointment, every tourism officer must have obtained a relevant bachelor's degree and
at least five (5) years of substantial involvement in the tourism industry. The Department may
also impose other relevant qualifications and require periodic completion of training
programs. such qualifications and the powers and functions of tourism officers shall be defined
in the implementing rules and regulations of this Act.

CHAPTER III Tourism Promotions

Subchapter III-A. Tourism Promotions Board
Section 45 . Tourism Promotions Board
 Under the supervision of the Secretary and attached to the Department for purposes of
program and policy coordination shall be a body corporate known as the Tourism
Promotions Board (TPB). The TPB shall formulate and implement an integrated domestic
and international promotions and marketing program for the Department.
Section 46. Mandate
 The TPB shall be responsible for marketing and promoting the Philippines domestically
and internationally as a major global tourism destination, highlighting the uniqueness and
assisting the development of its tourism products and services, with the end in view of
increasing tourist arrivals and tourism investment. Specifically, it shall market the
Philippines as a major convention destination in Asia. To this end, it shall take charge of
attracting, promoting, facilitating, and servicing large-scale events, international fairs and
conventions, congresses, sports competitions, expositions, and the like. It shall likewise
ensure the regular advertisement abroad of the country's major tourism destinations and
other tourism products, not limited to TEZs. it may also provide incentives to travel
agencies abroad which are able to draw tourists and tourism investments to the country.

TIEZA
Subchapter IV-B
Tourism Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority
Section 63. The Tourism Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority
 Under the supervision of the Secretary and attached to the Department for purposes of
program and policy coordination shall be a body corporate known as the Tourism
Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority (TIEZA).
Section 64. Mandate
 The TIEZA shall be a body corporate which shall designate, regulate and supervise the
TEZs established under the Act, as well as develop, manage and supervise infrastructure
projects in the country. It shall supervise and regulate the cultural, economic and
environmentally sustainable development of TEZs toward the primary objective of
encouraging investments therein. It shall ensure strict compliance of the TEZ operator
with the approved development plan. Pursuant thereto, the TIEZA shall have the power
to impose penalties for failure or refusal of the tourism enterprises to comply with the
approved development plan , which shall also be considered a violation of the terms of
accreditation. Such power shall further be defined under the implementing rules and
regulations of this Act.
 The TIEZA shall continue to exercise functions previously exercised by the PTA under
Presidential Decree No. 564, unless otherwise inconsistent with the other provisions of
this Act. It shall however cease to operate the DFP.
In addition to its mandate to regulate and supervise TEZs, the TIEZA shall likewise be deemed
a government infrastructure corporation under the provisions of Executive Order No. 292,
otherwise known as the Administrative Code of 1987.
Tourism enterprises outside of TEZs and without accreditation shamble governed by pertinent
laws, rules and regulations.

DFPC
Chapter VI
Duty and Tax-Free Merchandising System for Tourism Purposes
Section 89. Duty free Philippines Corporation
 The Duty Free Philippines shall be reorganized to become the Duty Free Philippines
Corporation (DFPC), which shall be attached to the Department.

Section 90. Mandate

 The DFPC shall be a body corporate to operate the duty and tax-free merchandising
system in the Philippines to augment the service facilities for tourists and to generate
foreign exchange and revenue for the government, as established by the Department
under Executive Order No. 46.
In the performance of its functions, the DFPC shall have all the general powers of a
corporation under the Corporation Code, in furtherance of its charter.
The DFPC shall have the exclusive authority to operate or franchise out stores and shops that
would sell, among others, duty and tax-free merchandise goods and articles, in international
airports and seaports, and in TEZs and ports of entry throughout the country in a manner that:
a) is competitive with International standards;
b) effectively showcases Philippine culture, craftsmanship and industry; and
c) efficiently and effectively generates foreign exchange.

Tourism Act of 2009 Part 2

INTRAMUROS ADMINISTRATION

LEGAL BASIS
 Presidential Decree No. 1616 (!979), as amended by Presidential Decree No. 1748 (December 10,
1980), created the Intramuros Administration under the direct control and supervision of the
Ministry of Human Settlements.
Executive Order No. 120 (January 30, 1987), reorganized the Ministry of Tourism into the Department of
Tourism (DOT) under a presidential form of government and provided for the Intramuros Administration
to be an attached agency of DOT.
MANDATE
 The Intramuros Administration is responsible for the orderly restoration and development of
Intramuros as a monument to the Hispanic period in Philippine History. It ensures that the
general appearance of Intramuros conforms to the Philippine-Spanish architecture of the 16th to
the 19th century.

TIEZA
MANDATE

The TIEZA shall be a body corporate which shall:

o designate, regulate and supervise the Tourism Enterprise Zones with the primary objective of
encouraging investments
o develop, manage and supervise tourism infrastructure projects
o ensure strict compliance of the TEZ operator with the approved development plan
o continue to exercise functions previously exercised by the PTA under Presidential Decree No.
564, unless otherwise inconsistent with the other provisions of this Act:

-implementing arm of the Department of Tourism

-develop tourist zones
-assist private enterprise
 -operate and maintain tourist facilities
-assure land availability
-coordinate all tourist project plans and operations

COLLECTION OF TRAVEL TAX

 The travel tax is a levy imposed by the Philippine government on individuals who are leaving the
country irrespective of the place where the air ticket is issued and the form or place of payment,
a provided for by Presidential Decree (PD) 1183, as amended.

BUILDER OF TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE

 TIEZA brings development to areas with high cultural, historical, religious, heritage and/or eco-
tourism values, helping shape a deep sense of awareness and guide for the Filipino's traditions,
natural bounties and uniqueness as a race.

DESIGNATION, REGULATION AND SUPERVISION OF TOURISM ENTERPRISE ZONE

 TEZs attract private stakeholders to be shared partners in tourism development. TEZs enjoy
fiscal and non-fiscal incentives issued by TIEZA. Their investments will help create jobs and
economic activities for local communities.

OPERATION AND MANAGEMENT OF ASSETS

 TIEZA operates and manages tourist facilities from Luzon to Mindanao. These facilities offer
services ranging from hotel and restaurant to specialized sports such as golf and scuba diving.

(TPB) Tourism Promotions Board

 An attached agency of the Department of Tourism, the Tourism Promotions Board (TPB) exists to
market and promote the Philippines domestically and internationally as a world-class tourism and
MICE destination, in strategic partnership with private and public stakeholders to deliver a unique
high-value experience for visitors, significantly contributing to increased arrivals, receipts and
investments to the country.
MANDATE
SECTION 45, CHAPTER III OF THE RA 9593 (TOURISM PROMOTIONS)
- Tourism Promotions Board. Under the supervision of the Secretary and attached to the
Department for purposes of program and policy coordination shall be a body corporate known as
the Tourism Promotions Board (TPB). The TPB shall formulate and implement and integrated
domestic and international promotions and marketing program for the Department.
SECTION 46. Mandate.
- The TPB shall be responsible for marketing and promoting the Philippines domestically and
internationally as a major global tourism destination, highlighting the uniqueness and assisting
the development of its tourism products and services, with the end in view of increasing tourist
arrivals and tourism investment. Specifically, it shall market the Philippines as a major convention
destination in Asia.
 To this end, it shall take charge of attracting, promoting, facilitating, and servicing large-scale events,
international fairs and conventions, congresses, sports competitions, expositions and the like. It shall
likewise ensure the regular advertisement abroad of the country's major tourism destinations and other
tourism products, not limited to TEZs. It may also provide incentives to travel agencies abroad which are
able to draw tourists and tourism investments to the country.

(NPDC) National Parks Development Committee

MANDATE

As an attached agency of the Department of Tourism, the National Parks Development Committee is
tasked to develop, preserve, and manage Rizal and Paco Parks in Manila an other parks that may be
assigned to NPDC.

MISSION

NDPC shall develop, preserve, and manage Rizal Park and Paco Park and ensure the general public's
appreciation of the park's facilities and activities. In particular, it shall:

provide the general public with access to and enjoyment of an open park through well managed
and maintained facilities and structures, well-developed environment through landscape design
and plant ornaments, while ensuring the orderliness of the Parks as well as the safety and
security of the park-goers
showcase national heritage through programs aimed at promoting Filipino arts, culture and
tradition, and exchanges with other nations, conceptualize events and activities of socio-culture
- economic - physiological impact such as performances and programs in order to develop
national consciousness
develop new parks
develop conducive atmosphere consonant to preservation of historical significance through
partnership with the community and NGOs
ensure viability of NPDC's financial position in support of NPDC's goals and objectives
establish inter-agency linkages to achieve NPDC's thrusts and programs

VISION

NPDC envisions to be the lead agency that will provide fully developed and well-maintained Parks for
the Filipino's wholesome recreation and socio-cultural education in the pursuit of the enrichment of our
national identity and heritage through partnership with the government agencies community, non-local
government units and non-government organizations (NGOs).

ATTRACTIONS

Central Section

 Rizal Monument
 The Independence Flagpole
 Rizal Park Visitor's Center
 Noli Me Tangere Garden
  Light and Sound Complex
 Gomburza Marker
 NPDC Museum and Archive Gallery
 Chinese Garden
 Musical Dancing Fountain
 Gallery of Heroes
 Rizal Park Open-Air Auditorium
 Pathway to Glory
 Japanese Garden
 Flower Clock
 Bust of President Diosdado P. Macapagal
 Aguinaldo House (Centennial House)
 Senior Citizen's Garden
 National Library of the Philippines
 Kanlungan ng Sining (Artist's Haven)

Western Section

 Quirino Grandstand
 Parade Ground
 Burnham Green
 San Lorenzo Ruiz Plaza

(DFPC) Duty Free Philippines Corporation

- The exclusive franchise to operate duty and tax free shops was originally granted to a private
corporation called Tourist Duty Free Shops, Inc. (TDFS) by virtue of Presidential Decree No. 1193
(P.D. 1193) and Letter of Instruction No. 595 (LOI 595) both dated September 6, 1977. TDFS was
authorized to establish, operate and maintain duty and tax free stores at all international airports
and seaports, selected hotels, tourist resorts, and commercial or trading centers throughout the
country for a period of 25 years. This franchise was revoked by Executive Order No. 24 dated June
27, 1986.

- Executive Order No. 46 (E.O. 46) dated September 4, 1986, authorized the Department of Tourism
(DOT), through the Philippine Tourism Authority (PTA), to establish and operate a duty and tax
free merchandising system in the Philippines for the purpose of augmenting service facilities for
tourists and generating foreign exchange and revenue for the government. Under this system,
PTA has the exclusive authority to operate shops and stores that sell tax and duty free
merchandise, goods, and articles in international airports and sea ports throughout the country
or to contract private parties through public bidding to operate these stores.
 - On March 1, 1987, a twelve-man task force headed by Mr. Jose N. Esteban III, was created to lay
down Duty Free Philippines (DFP) initial operations, DFP's capitalization was only $91,000. On
March 28, 1987, Customs Administrative Order No. 3-87 (CAO 3-87) was issued, prescribing the
rules, regulations, and procedures for the establishment , operation , and control of duty and tax
free stores and warehouses.

- On May 2, 1987, the first duty free outlet, located at the Arrival area of the Ninoy Aquino
International Airport (NAIA), started its operations, initially offering liquor, tobacco, fragrances,
and confectionery. One month later, DFP stores with sleek and modern designs opened at the
Departure area of NAIA. A third outlet opened at the Mactan International Airport in Cebu at the
end of the year. The Manila Hotel and Manila Garden order centers were established in 1988.

- On April 2, 1989, DFP's first off-airport shop and the country's largest duty free outlet - the Fiesta
Shopping Center (FSC), was opened. FSC, a concept taken from DOT's Fiesta Islands Philippines
promotion, was an 8,000 sq.m. facility located right across NAIA. More new shops were opened
in 1992: the DFP Arrival store at Fort Ilocandia in Laoag, Ilocos Norte; Departure and Arrival
outlets in the new terminal building of the Mactan International Airport in Cebu; and an off-
airport at the Paskuhan Village in San Fernando, Pampanga. A downtown shop opened in 1993
in Davao.

DFP's flagship store opened on April 1997, called Fiestamall, its building sits on a 5-hectare lot for duty
free retailing and it boasts of a 24,000 sq.m. selling area and state-of-the-art facilities.

In 2009, DFP was reorganized into Duty Free Philippines Corporation with the signing of the Tourism Act
of 2009 (Republic Act. No. 9593). As a government corporation, DFPC is tasked to operate the duty and
tax-free merchandising system in the Philippines to augment the service facilities for tourists and to
generate foreign exchange and revenue for the government as mandated by E.O. No. 46.

(PRA) Philippine Retirement Authority

The Philippine Retirement Authority (PRA) is a government owned and controlled corporation
created by virtue of Executive Order No. 1037, signed by former President Ferdinand E. Marcos
on July 4, 1985. On August 31, 2001, through Executive Order No. 26, the control and supervision
of PRA was transferred to the Board of Investments (BOI)- Department of Trade and Industry from
the Office of the President.
On May 12, 2009, Republic Act No. 9593, otherwise known as Tourism Act of 2009, PRA became an
attached agency of the Department of Tourism and placed under the supervision of the Secretary.
PRA is mandated to develop and promote the Philippines as retirement haven as a means of accelerating
the social and economic development of the country, strengthening its foreign exchange position at the
same time providing further best quality of life to the targeted retirees in a most attractive package.
VISION
To make the Philippines the preferred retirement destination by 2025.
MISSION
To provide a globally competitive retirement program in the Philippines for foreign nationals and former
Filipinos that will strengthen the sustainable socio-economic development of the country.

(PCSSD) Philippine Commission on Sports Scuba Diving

By the virtue of the Letter of Instruction no. 745 issued Sept. 29, 1978, the Philippine Commission on the
Promotion and Development of Sports SCUBA Diving was created by then former President Ferdinand E.
Marcos.
The Commission is mandated to:
a) promulgate programs and projects geared to the development of the country as a premier
diving area in Asia.
b) formulate rules, regulations, safety standards and operating procedures to implement the
development of Sports SCUBA Diving
c) undertake studies, researches and surveys for possible incentives to the private sector who may
wish to undertake projects and programs beneficial to the development of SCUBA Diving
Tourism within the framework of related Presidential Decrees.
d) formulate and implement programs on the marine conservation, particularly those areas of high
touristic value.

Strengthened by the Republic Act 9593 - Tourism Policy Section 31:

a) attaching the PCSSD to the Department of Tourism
b) intensifying measures to provide the standard basic dive rules to all levels or kinds of divers
c) to regulate SCUBA sports and technical diving in the country
d) to coordinate closely with the Office of Tourism Standards and Regulations for accreditation
processes

DOT- accreditation guidelines

What is the DOT accreditation?

A certification issued by the Department to a tourism enterprise that officially recognizes it as having
complied with the minimum standards for the operation of tourism facilities and services.
PRIMARY TOURISM ENTERPRISES
- These are facilities and services directly related to tourism. DOT-certified primary tourism
enterprises shall be periodically required to obtain accreditation from DOT to ensure the quality
of its facilities and services.
List of Primary Tourism Enterprises
I. Accommodation establishments - hotel, resort, apartment hotel, mabuhay accommodation (
tourist inns, motels, pension houses and bed & breakfast, among others)
II. Travel and Tour Services - travel and tour agency, travel agency, tour operator, online travel
agency
III. Tourist Transport Operators - tourist land transport operator, tourist water transport operator,
tourist air transport operator, motorized banca
IV. Meetings, Incentives, Conventions and Exhibitions (MICE) - MICE organizer, MICE facility/venue
V. Adventure/ Sports and Ecotourism Facilities
VI. Tourism Frontliner - tour guide

SECONDARY TOURISM ENTERPRISES

- These are facilities and services that may be related to tourism. Accreditation shall be voluntary
for secondary tourism enterprises that follows minimum DOT standards.
List of Secondary Tourism Enterprises
I. Tourism - related enterprises - restaurant, tourism training center, target shooting range,
department store/ shopping mall/ tourist shop/ specialty shop, farm tourism camp, gallery/
museum, tourism entertainment complex, tourism recreation center, zoos, rest area/ restroom,
surfing camp
II. Health and wellness Services - ambulatory clinic, spa, tertiary hospital
III. Tourism frontliner - tourism trainer, surfing instructor

Benefits and Incentives of Accreditation

o endorsement to COMELEC for exemption from liquor ban during election-related events (for
accommodation establishments and restaurants only)
o endorsement to embassies and travel trade associations for utilization of establishment's facilities
and services
o being prioritized for DOT training programs
o endorsement to international and domestic airports ( if appropriate ) for issuance of Access Pss
to Qualified Personnel (for tourist land transport vehicles only)
o qualification for exemption from the Untied Vehicular Volume Reduction Program (UVVRP) of the
Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA) - for tourist land transport vehicles only
o endorsement to Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB) for issuance of
Tourist Transport Franchise (for tourist land transport vehicles only)
o technical/ security/ facilitation support or assistance
 WTTC Safe Travels Stamp
The World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) Safe Travels Stamp is the world's first ever global safety
and hygiene stamp. It is a specially designed stamp which will allow travelers to recognize governments
and businesses around the world which have adopted global health and hygiene protocols - so consumers
can experience "Safe Travels".
Eligible businesses and destinations will be able to use the stamp once the health and hygiene protocols,
outlined by WTTC, have been complied with. These protocola ensure the safety of the workforce and
travelers as the sector shifts to a new normal.
WHO MAY APPLY?
Recognizing the alignment of the Philippine Health and Safety guidelines governing the Operations of
Accommodation Establishments under the New Normal to that of the WTTC, the DOT rolls out the
issuance of the stamp to interested and compliant DOT-accredited accommodation establishments
including hotels, resorts, apartment hotels, staycation hotels, multiple use hotels and quarantine facilities,
but not as isolation facilities.
Moreover, the stamp may likewise be issued to interested and compliant local destinations that have
re-opened to tourists and are compliant with the protocol's core requirements.
HOW TO APPLY
Interested entities must submit their application together with the documentary requirements to the
DOT Regional offices having jurisdiction over the applicant.
DOCUMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
I. Letter of Intent indicating adherence to the WTTC Safe Travels Terms and Conditions and DOT
Health and Safety Guidelines
II. Accomplished Application Form
III. High resolution company/ destination logo
Additional Requirements for Destinations:
IV. Completed self-assessment form of the WTTC Safe Travels Core Requirement
V. Supporting documents for the core requirements
VI. Local Government Profile and LGU logo
VII. Health and safety related issuances/ ordinances