Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1 Aims:
To cover the 2C1 syllabus in order to improve your English, particularly* in
Speaking (pronunciation + grammar control+ fluency)
Writing (grammar control + text types)
*STATISTICS OF C1 EOI CERTIFICATION EXAM:
2017O 2017E 2018O 2018E 2019O 2019E 2020E 2021O 2022O
TOTAL 25% 45% 34% 29% 25% 22% 32.5% 20% 29%
CO 71 81 72 84 80 87 72 38 59
CE 43 59 61 59 70 88 71 45 72
EO 50 62 58 57 45 48 34 33 30
EE 51 65 49 53 42 55 33 25 21
Mediation 40 39 27
2 Methodology:
1. CLASSROOM TEACHING:
Two principles: “feel good” and “make the most with the least”
Generally, we’ll deal with each unit in 6 classes:
Day 1 coursebook
Day 2 exam skills (*First weeks: workshop on ´HOW TO speak & write`)
Day 3 coursebook
Day 4 exam skills
Day 5 coursebook/mini-test
Day 6 mini-tests
2. Homework:
Prepare the tasks assigned on AULES to work on in class: I’ll set the minimum compulsory tasks.
All this extra work is your responsibility: the more practice, the better!
GRAMMAR SUMMARY C1
Main grammar points to know:
inversion, cleft sentences, mixed conditionals, ,
all passive forms, phrasal verbs (all patterns), wish/if only for regrets
modals in the past
1 Pronouns Reflexive
Each other / one another
Relative pronouns: prep +whom (who);
Relative adverbs: when, where, why (the reason why…)
2 Nouns Countable (a, some/any, a lot, many, few) /
Uncountable (some/any, a lot, much, little)
Irregular plural & collective nouns
Possessive ’s
3 Adjectives (B2) Comparative expressions: the more.. the more; as if/though…
(B2) Order of adjectives: opinion +size +age +colour +origin +material + NOUN
White, sandy beaches; delicious Thai fish dishes; medieval Italian villages
(B1) Ed/ing (He’s really bored / boring)
4 Articles a + countable singular noun
a + vowel (a European; an hour but a habit)
the + adjective (the rich; the Spanish)
the + noun, general meaning (Cats are…; Water is…)
6 Prepositions
7 Conjunctions, Addition: also, not only…but; as well/too; What’s more, besides
Linking words Contrast: although, despite/ in spite of, however, nevertheless, but,
whereas
Time: ever since, from then on, while/as, afterwards/then/later, meanwhile,
the moment/as soon as, instantly/straightaway/at once, previously/before,
Eventually/at the end/ finally
Purpose: in order to/so as to, in order that/ so that..
Reason: because/since/as
8 Verb Tenses Present simple/continuous (A1/A2),
Present Perfect simple (A2) / continuous (B1)
1 Past simple (A1) / continuous (A2) /
Concordance: Used to (B1) / would (B2)
Subject – verb Past perfect simple & used to (B1) / continuous (B2)
Future going to (A1), present continuous (A2), will (A2),
will be +ing (B1), will have + pp (B2)
3 FOR EXAMPLE:
Lack of variety of 1
tenses Spanish speakers often avoid “would” for past habit altogether,
relying solely on used to instead. It’s much more common and natural
in English to start talking about the past with used to and then
switch to would.
‘My family used to go to camping every summer. I used to feel really
excited as we set off. We used to sing songs in the car as we drove to
the campsite…’. Better: ‘My family used to go camping every summer.
I would feel really excited as we set off. We would sing songs…’
11 Reported speech (B1) All tenses. Reporting verbs: say / tell / ask
(B2) No tense changes when reporting vb in present, present perfect, future
(B2) Reporting verbs in:
- Questions: ask, wonder, want to know, enquire (+if/whether, wh-word)
- Orders: tell, order
- Different functions:
Vb + inf: Agree to../ refuse to…;offer to…; promise to…
Vb + object + inf: advise; encourage; persuade; remind; invite;
forbid / allow
Vb (+ prep) +ing: admit/deny; suggest; apologise for; complain about
Vb (+ that ) +sentence: explain
13 Phrasal verbs Separable (to turn it on) & inseparable (to take care of them)
Avoiding phrasal Spanish speakers tend to avoid them when there is a synonym or near
synonym that derives from Latin: e.g. tolerate for put up
verbs with or investigate for look into. This can often make their speech sound
stilted or over formal.
14 Word formation (B2) Prefixes, suffixes
It’s …. that….
It’s him that’s always gossiping
It’s his friends that I can’t stand
C1 These clauses replace connecting words (the subject must be the same)
18 Participle He felt exhausted because he had run the marathon = Having run the marathon, he felt exhausted
He bought a cake because he felt hungry = Feeling hungry, he bought a cake
clauses
C1 With negative adverbials
19 Inversion At no time did we think the project would fail.
No longer can we ignore the problem.
In conditional sentences
Had I known about your plans earlier, I would have acted differently
FUNCTIONS
1 Describing
people (A2), places (A2), things (A2), routines (A2),
experiences and past events (B1), feelings & emotions (B1), places (B1)
clearly and in detail (all above) (B2)
attitudes (B2), hopes & plans (B2)
She screamed in anger at how stupid her brother had been
I’ve always wanted to visit Australia
2 Giving precise information (B2)
My degree is in economics specialising in finance.
He was born in a little village in the North East of Estonia on the 22nd of October 1950
3 Comparing (A2)
giving precise details, speculating,… (B2)
4 Expressing opinions: briefly (B1), Checking understanding (B1)
Agreeing and disagreeing (B1)
Developing an argument, linking the ideas logically, supporting points of view with examples,
contrasting opinions (B2)
Expressing shades of opinion and certainty (C1)
Responding to counterarguments (C1)
5 Speculating about causes, consequences and hypothetical situations (B2)
I should have asked her / She must have called him / If I had known…. / I wonder if …./
6 Narrating (B1) using a variety of narrative tenses (B2)