process control terminologies:

Sensor
A sensor is a device that produces an output signal for the purpose of sensing a physical
phenomenon. In the broadest definition, a sensor is a device, module, machine, or subsystem that
detects events or changes in its environment and sends the information to other electronics,
frequently a computer processor. Sensors are always used with other electronics

Measurement
Measurement is the quantification of attributes of an object or event, which can be used to
compare with other objects or events.[1][2] In other words, measurement is a process of
determining how large or small a physical quantity is as compared to a basic reference quantity
of the same kind.[3] The scope and application of measurement are dependent on the context
and discipline. In natural sciences and engineering, measurements do not apply to nominal
properties of objects or events, which is consistent with the guidelines of the International
vocabulary of metrology published by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures.[2]
However, in other fields such as statistics as well as the social and behavioural sciences,
measurements can have multiple levels, which would include nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio
scales.
control element
The final control element can be a control valve, an on/off valve, a temperature control device
such as a heater, or a pump in a process automation application. It can be a relay, a PLC ladder
circuit, or a stepper motor or other motion control device in a discrete automation application.

process
The process is an organized group of related activities that work together to transform one or
more kinds of input into outputs that are of value to the customers. In other words, a process is
an activity or group of activities that takes the inputs, adds value, and provides outputs to the
internal or external customers.

continuous action mode

The control actions most commonly used in process control are one or a combination of the
continuous process controller mode. In these modes, the output of the controller changes
smoothly in response to an error or error change rate. There are three basic controller modes, the
proportional controller (P), the integral controller (I), the derived controller (D). There are three
other combinations of basic controller modes, PI, PD, PID. The PID controller is the most flexible
controller.

sequential control
SEQUENTIAL CONTROL In a sequential control system a series of different events takes place
one after the other. The finishing of one event in the sequence provides the signal for the next
event to start. Examples of sequential systems are; the timers that control central heating
systems, washing machines, traffic lights, lifts in buildings.
error
An error is a situation that occurs the output data does not equate with the input data. During
communication, digital indicators encounter noise that can possibly initiate errors in the binary
bits moving from one system to another. This means a 0 bit may be altered to 1, or a 1 bit may be
altered to 0.

final control element

The final control element in a process plant is usually a control valve, the opening and closing of
which is governed normally by a piston actuator. The actuator drives the valve stem to a position
dictated by the signal, c, that it receives from the controller.

feedback
are very useful and widely used in amplifier circuits, oscillators, process control systems as well
as other types of electronic systems. But for feedback to be an effective tool it must be
controlled as an uncontrolled system will either oscillate or fail to function.

Decrease in close loop control system

close loop control system

closed loop control system: A closed loop control system is a set of mechanical or electronic
devices that automatically regulates a process variable to a desired state or set point without
human interaction. Closed loop control systems contrast with open loop control systems, which
require manual input.