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Chapter-1: Introduction to Regulation and Control
1 Introduction
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Introduction
Introduction
Regulation and Control system: It is a combination of several
components all working together to perform a certain function. This
function is control of physical variables such as temperature, flow
rate, position, speed, and illumination.
From the figure given below the temperature in the electric furnace
is measured by a thermocouple which is an analog device. ADC
converts analog temperature to a digital temperature.
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Introduction
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Introduction
Consider the robot arm resting at 0o [see Fig.2b]. This time a po-
tentiometer has been connected directly to the motor shaft. As the
shaft turns, the pot resistance changes. The resistance is converted
to voltage and then fedback to the controller.
As the arm approaches 30o , the controller slows the motor; when
the arm finally reaches 30o , the motor stops. If at some later time,
an external force moves the arm off the 30o mark, the error signal
would reappear, and the motor would again drive the arm to the 30o
position.
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Introduction
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Introduction
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Components of a Control loop
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Components of a Control loop
Controllers: devices that monitor signals from sensors and take the
necessary action to keep the process within specified limits according
to a predefined program by activating and controlling the necessary
actuators.
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Types of control systems
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Types of control systems
The systems in which the o/p has a direct effect upon the i/p quan-
tity are called closed-loop control systems. They are more accurate.
They are expensive and complex to build.
Example: Temperature control, robot arm control
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