COMBINATION OF MADRE DE CACAO (Gliricidia sepium) EXTRACT

AND CHILI PEPPER (Capsicum frutescence) FRUIT POWDER AS

COCKROACH (Periplaneta americana) PESTICIDE

_____________

A Quantitative Research (Research Capstone Project)

Presented to the
Faculty of School of Teacher Education
Biliran Province State University
Naval, Biliran

_____________

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in

Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion
of Science Technology Engineering Mathematics (STEM)

_____________

DENZEL S. CABATAS
JIRAH MAE C. GARCIA
FERDINAND S. DANGEL
KYLA JANINE O. DOMINGO
SAMANTHA EVE A. GUEVARRA
JEDIDIAH EMMANUEL G. ARCE

MARK CHRISTIAN R. ALMAZAN

Subject Teacher

July 2021
 APPROVAL SHEET

This research study titled “COMBINATION OF MADRE DE CACAO

(Gliricidia sepium) EXTRACT AND CHILI PEPPER (Capsicum frutescence)
FRUIT POWDER AS COCKROACH (Periplaneta americana) PESTICIDE ”,
prepared and submitted by JIRAH MAE C. GARCIA*, DENZEL S. CABATAS,
FERDINAND S. DANGEL, KYLA JANINE O. DOMINGO, SAMANTHA EVE A.
GUEVARRA, And JEDIDIAH EMMANUEL G. ARCE, has been examined and
is recommended for acceptance and approval for oral examination.

LOLITA D. MONTES, LPT

Subject Teacher

RESEARCH COMMITTEE

RALPH ARVIC T. ARCENAL, MMS JOAN J. SINAGPULO, MAT

Member Member

JEFRY E. ARANSADO, LPT MARK CHRISTIAN R. ALMAZAN

Member Subject Instructor/Member

ERNIL D. SUMAYAO, Ed. D.

Chairperson

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination on January ____, 2021

(date of the final defense)

RALPH ARVIC T. ARCENAL, MMS JOAN J. SINAGPULO, MAT

Member Member

JEFRY E. ARANSADO, LPT MARK CHRISTIAN R. ALMAZAN

Member Subject Instructor/Member

ERNIL D. SUMAYAO, Ed. D.

Chairperson

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for

Work Immersion/Research/Career/Advocacy/ Culminating Activity.

Recommending Approval: Approved:

NOEL P. TANCINCO, Ph. D. RYAN TEOFEL P. ARPON, Ed. D.

Chairperson, BiPSU – LHS Dean, School of Teachers Education
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Contents Page

TITLE PAGE ……………………………………………… i

APPROVAL SHEET ……………………………………………… ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ……………………………………………… iii

LIST OF TABLES ……………………………………………… iv

LIST OF FIGURES ……………………………………………… v

LIST OF APPENDICES ……………………………………………… vi

ABSTRACT ……………………………………………… vii

CHAPTER I –INTRODUCTION ……………………… 1

Nature and Importance of the Study ……………………… 2

Objectives of the Study ……………………… 3

Framework of the Study ……………………… 4

Review of Related Literature ……………………… 5

CHAPTER II – METHODOLOGY …………………….... 20

For Social Science Research:

Research Design and Sampling ………………………. 21

Data Gathering Procedures ………………………. 21

Statistical Treatment of Data ………………………. 35

For Developmental Studies

Materials and Methods for Objective 1 ………………………. 38

Materials and Methods for Objective 2 ………………………. 40

Materials and Methods for Objective 3 ………………………. 45

Materials and Methods for Objective 4 ………………………. 48

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Contents Page

CHAPTER III – RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ……………………… 56

CHAPTER IV – CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ……… 67

Conclusions ……………………………………………… 69

Recommendations ……………………………………………… 71

LITERATURE CITED ……………………………………………… 81

ACKNOWLEDGMENT ……………………………………………… 81

APPENDICES ……………………………………………… 85

AUTHORS’ BIONOTE …………………………………………….... 89

 LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

1 Data Scoring of the Study ……..……………………… 56

2 Demographic Profile of the Respondents ……………. 61

 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page

1 Data Scoring of the Study ……..……………………… 56

2 Demographic Profile of the Respondents ……………. 61

 LIST OF APPENDICES

Table Page

1 Data Scoring of the Study ……..……………………… 56

2 Demographic Profile of the Respondents ……………. 61

 COMBINATION OF MADRE DE CACAO (Gliricidia sepium) EXTRACT
AND CHILI PEPPER (Capsicum frutescence) FRUIT POWDER AS
COCKROACH (Periplaneta americana) PESTICIDE

JIRAH MAE C. GARCIA*, DENZEL S. CABATAS, FERDINAND S.

DANGEL, KYLA JANINE O. DOMINGO, SAMANTHA EVE A. GUEVARRA,
And JEDIDIAH EMMANUEL G. ARCE

Biliran Province State University, P. Inocentes St., Naval, Biliran, 6560,

Biliran, Philippines

ABSTRACT

The study is entitled: Combination of Madre de Cacao (G. sepium)

Extract and Chili pepper (C. frutescens) Fruit powder as Cockroach (P.

americana) Pesticide. The researchers utilize to use the following materials

which include; Madre de Cacao leaves, chili pepper fruit, mortar, pestle,

blender, knife, clean piece of cloth, beaker, flat and wide plastic container,

cylinder, cockroaches (cultured under the same environment), 9 containers for

the cockroaches, 3 container sprays, plastic container with lid, gloves, timer,

masks and face shields. The researchers aimed of attaining 360 ml of chili

powder and 1.08 liters of G. sepium leaves extract in approximation. There

are 9 treatments, labeled from numbers 1-9 thus it’s equivalent to 3 TRIALS:

TRIAL 1, TRIAL 2 and TRIAL 3, each trial will have different volumes of

solutions per treatment, following the format of 3x3 factorial. The study’s G.

sepium leaves extract is at 110 ml throughout Trial 1, 120 ml for Trial 2, and

130 ml throughout Trial 3 mixed with the specific amount of chili pepper

powder. On the other hand, the chili pepper powder will have the same

interval (10), and the amount will be 20 ml, 30 ml, 40 ml respectively arranged

per trial. Each treatment given to the cockroaches will only be 10 sprays.
Keyword¬¬¬─ capsaicin, coumarins, extract, pesticide
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Rationale of the Study

The Philippines is a tropical country in Southeast Asia with great

natural resources. Madre de Cacao plant and chili are abundant to tropical

countries such as the Philippines. Madre de Cacao is used as fence posts,

tool handles and heavy construction purposes. Madre de Cacao (Gliricidia

sepium) is a leguminous nitrogen fixing tree that belongs to the family

fabaceace. It contains the minerals, calcium, phosphorus, sodium,

magnesium, manganese, zinc, copper, and iron. It has both antifungal and

antimicrobial properties. This has been widely planted as an ornamental

(David W. Nellis, 1997).

Hot pepper (Capsicum frutescens), commonly called chili

pepper is a spice that is used in preparing food. The active component of chili

pepper is capsaicin which is an irritant when it comes into contact with the

skin, giving off a burning sensation. It is also used to ward off pests such as

squirrels (Dray, 1992). Chili pepper has many nutritional benefits and is widely

used as spice among Asian countries. It has also the capability to kill insects

found in common households (Genovia, J., Grapo, et.al., 2006).

Cockroaches are considered a public health pest as they carry

diseases-causing bacteria on their bodies. American cockroach (Periplaneta

americana) is the largest of the most common cockroaches with an average

of 4 cm in length. It can even scare people away due to their unexplainable

appearance (Prakash et.al., 1990).

According to the World Health Organization, cockroaches have

many negative consequences for human health because of certain proteins

called allergens. Cockroaches can also passively transport microbes on their

body surfaces including pathogens that are potentially dangerous to humans.

Cockroaches have been implicated in the spread of 33 kinds of bacteria,

including E-coli and salmonella species, six parasitic works and more than

seven other types of human pathogens. In fact, the Asthma and Allergy

Foundation of America reports that 78-88 percent of urban homes have

cockroaches with as many as 900 to 330,000 cockroaches per home.

The researchers want to develop a cockroach pesticide using

Madre de Cacao (Gliricidia sepium) leaves extract and Chili pepper

(Capsicum frutescens) fruit powder; determining its effectiveness in killing

cockroaches. The researchers want to pursue the study since both Madre de

Cacao and Chili pepper is abundant in the researchers’ barangays wherein it

is only planted for fencing and culinary purposes.

Objectives of the Study

 The study generally aims to develop a natural pesticide using the

combination of Madre de Cacao (Gliricidia sepium) leaves extract and Chili

pepper (Capsicum frutescens) fruit powder.

The study specifically aims to:

1. To determine the different mixtures in the production of cockroach

pesticide using Madre de Cacao leaves extract and Chili pepper fruit

powder.

a. Produce a natural pesticide with less side effects.

b. Production of cockroach pesticide which isn’t detrimental to

human health, thus it’s safe even if it’s inhaled

c. Pesticide which the contents cannot cause harm to the

environment, lessening air pollution due to the fact that the

pesticide does not emit chlorofluorocarbons.

2. To determine the acceptability of the Madre de Cacao leaves extract

and Chili pepper fruit powder as cockroach pesticides in terms of:

Performance and Effectiveness, Criteria Environmental and Criteria

Financial and Accessibility Criteria

 3. To determine the cost-analysis on the production of cockroach

pesticide using Madre de cacao leaves extract and Chili pepper fruit

powder

Framework of the Study

Theoretical Framework. This study is anchored on the

Fundamental Theory of Natural and Biological Control by W.R. Thompson

(1995), stating that by control, it usually means that the existence of a

condition where the population of an injurious insect is below the numerical

level at which it begins to cause major economic damage.

In the Fundamental Theory of Natural and Biological Control, natural

control refers to the fact that no organism increases indefinitely in number

without limit. The statement is true not merely of species attacked by parasitic

and predacious organisms but of all species. This theory supports the

researchers’ study about the Combination of Madre de Cacao (Gliricidia

sepium) leaves extract and Chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens) fruit powder

as Cockroach (Periplaneta americana) Pesticide, of it being a natural and

non-detrimental solution against cockroach pests infestation, thus it never

poses any grave danger to the surrounding environment and the humanity as

it’s safety is at the top holding the fact that it’s from the nature itself. The

theory then portray that the research study’s objectives can be supported with

strong framework, therefore reassuring the study’s future success.

Planning of the experiment
and the fit location

Collection of the materials

and equipment needed

Researchers perform the

planned processes and the
experiment itself and are
recording data of the
outcomes per trial
Understanding and
discussing of results

Concluding remarks about

the experiment and its trials

Production of the pesticide

from the combination of
Madre de Cacao extract
and Chili pepper powder

Figure 1

Conceptual Framework of the study

 CHAPTER II

METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the materials and methods used in the study.

Materials and Methods for Objective 1: To determine the different

mixtures in the production of cockroach pesticide using Madre de Cacao

leaves extract and Chili pepper fruit powder.

a. Materials and Equipment

The following are the materials in the production of Madre de Cacao

leaves extract and Chili pepper fruit powder cockroach pesticide.

a. Madre de Cacao leaves

b. Chili pepper fruit

c. Mortar and pestle

d. Knife

e. Clean piece of cloth

f. Beaker

g. Flat and wide plastic container

h. Cylinder, cockroaches (cultured under the same environment)

i. 9 containers for the cockroaches

j. 3 container sprays

k. Plastic container with lid

l. Gloves
 m. Timer

n. Masks and face shields.

b. Procedure

The following are the procedures in the production of Madre de Cacao

leaves extract and Chili pepper fruit powder cockroach pesticide.

a. Prepare all the materials for the experiment, this includes the

wearing of the needed equipment for the safety of the researchers

when performing the processes. Be sure to find a location that is

clean and wide enough for an efficient experimentation.

b. Collect chili peppers (Capsicum frutescens) fruits, the larger the

number the better. Wash the chili peppers fruit and then put it all in

a clean, flat and wide container, dry it all up under the sun for

approximately two days for the production of the chili powder. When

the chili pepper fruits are now dry, the researchers must wear face

shields, masks and gloves then pound the fruit by the use of mortar

and pestle until it forms into powder; while performing one must be

careful as the chili would be hot when in contact to any parts of the

body. After the process, chili powder now is attained, the

researchers must attain 360 ml of chili powder in approximation.

Then, it must be transferred to a plastic container with lid to avoid

the possibility of it being blown by the wind, and then the mortar and

pestle must be clean for the next part.

c. Find fresh Madre de Cacao leaves, as many as needed in order to

attain approximately 1.08 liters of leaves extract, face masks and

gloves are necessary when handling this part of the experiment as

the leaves of the Madre de Cacao has a bad odor. Get the clean

mortar and pestle, with knife slice the leaves if one wants in order to

ease the process of pounding. The leaves will be filtered with the

piece of clean cloth and through efforts the researchers need to

achieve 1.08 liters of extract from the Madre de Cacao leaves,

which is measured through the use of the beaker.

d. There will be 9 treatments, labeled from numbers 1-9 thus it’s

equivalent to 3 TRIALS. The 3 trials, namely TRIAL 1, TRIAL 2 and

TRIAL 3, each trial will have different volumes of solutions per

treatment. Following the 3x3 factorial, the experiment will be having

Madre de Cacao leaves extract at 110 ml throughout Trial 1, 120 ml

for Trial 2, and 130 ml throughout Trial 3 mixed with the specific

amount of chili pepper powder. On the other hand, the chili pepper

powder will have the same interval (10), and the amount will be 20

ml, 30 ml, 40 ml respectively arranged per trial. Each treatment

given to the cockroaches will only be 10 sprays.

e. At this point, the researchers will catch cockroaches, the process

will be through the use of traps as bare hands may injure the

cockroaches primarily, therefore affecting future results: there

should be 36 cockroaches all in all with 4 cockroaches each

treatment which will be picked through simple random sampling: the

 fish bowl method 2 cockroaches will be assigned per treatment.

After the prior steps, the researchers will perform the experiment

(orderly) from treatment 1-9, all will be timed with the use of the

timer and it will be recorded on how much time does it consume in

order for the cockroaches to die. With these the researchers may

attain data thus developing a product sided with the analysis of

factors that may or may not affect the study.

c. Treatments

The following are the identified treatments in the production of

Madre de Cacao leaves extract and Chili pepper fruit powder

cockroach pesticide. Using 3x3 factorial.

Table 1. 3x3 Factorial

 CHAPTER III

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter discusses the results and discussion of the study. The
tables which follows indicate the results related to each objective.

The different mixtures in the production of cockroach pesticide using

Madre de Cacao leaves extract and Chili pepper fruit powder.

Table 1.

The effectivity of the different mixtures in the production of the

cockroach pesticide

Trial Treatment Madre de Chili Fruit Time

Cacao Powder (TAKEN UNTIL

Leaves THE

Extract COCKROACHES

WERE KILLED)

1 110 ml 3 tsp. 8 min. anf 15

Trial 1 seconds

2 110 ml 6 tsp. 4 min. and 51

seconds

3 110 9 tsp 2 min. and 54

seconds

Table 1. Time taken per treatment. The table indicates the time it took for the

combination of Madre de Cacao leaves extract and Chili pepper fruit powder
killed all 4 cockroaches for each treatment given their exact measurement per

trial and per treatment respectively. The leaves extract’s volume increases a

10 interval per trial, then the fruit powder increases with 3 intervals in its

measurement which is; 3 tsp, 6 tsp, and 9 tsp for each treatment in a

particular trial, however the interval is applied from Trials 1-3. The table shows

that Treatment 1: 110 ml leaves extract combined with 3 tsp. chili pepper fruit

powder took 8 minutes and 15 seconds in order to kill all 4 cockroaches

assigned. Treatment 2: 110 ml leaves extract and 6 tsp. fruit powder took 4

mins and 51 seconds. Treatment 3: 110 ml leaves extract and 9 tsp. fruit

powder took 2 minutes and 54 second in killing all 4 cockroaches assigned.

Treatments 1-3 runs under Trial 1, and with the data shown the researchers

saw how the time decreases as the amount of chili powder increases in a 110

ml Madre de Cacao leaves extract.

Trial Treatment Madre de Chili Fruit Time

Cacao Powder (TAKEN UNTIL

Leaves THE

Extract COCKROACHES

WERE KILLED)

4 120 ml 3 tsp. 59 seconds

Trial 2
5 120 ml tsp. 56 seconds
 6 54 seconds

Trial 2 shows the same pattern as well, Treatment 4: which has 120 ml leaves

extract and 3 tsp. chili powder took 59 seconds in order to kill all 4

cockroaches. Treatment 5 with 120 ml leaves extract and 6 tsp. chili powder

took 56 seconds and Treatment 6 with 120 ml leaves extract and 9 tsp. chili

powder took 54 seconds in killing all cockroaches assigned to it. In the second

trial, the researchers increased the Madre de Cacao leaves extract’s volume

with the same chili powder measurement interval per treatment. With these,

one can notice on how the time taken decreases from the first trial.

Trial Treatment Madre de Chili Fruit Time

Cacao Powder (TAKEN UNTIL

Leaves THE

Extract COCKROACHES

WERE KILLED)

7 130 ml 3 tsp. 52

Trial 3
8 130 ml 6 tsp. 49

9 130 ml 9 tsp. 31
Lastly, Trial 3 which is comprised of Treatment 7, 8 and 9, all treatments got

an increase in terms of Madre de Cacao leaves extract as it’s already at 130

ml, the treatments only differs in terms of the chili powder’s amount as

Treatment 7 has 3 tsp., Treatment 8 has 6 tsp., and Treatment 9 has 9 tsp.

The time taken decreases again as Treatment 7 took 52 seconds, Treatment

8 took 49 seconds, and Treatment 9 took 31 seconds, all in killing 4

cockroaches assigned per treatment. The results signify that the amount of

both the Madre de Cacao leaves extract and Chili Pepper fruit powder affect

the time in terms of how faster it could kill the cockroaches. The decrease of

time in Trial 1 with the Chili pepper fruit powder amount changed per

treatment indicates that it has a significant effect on the cockroaches. Trials 2

and 3 on the other hand strengthens an evidence for the leaves extract that

the more its volume increases the more the time decreases, indicating a much

faster effectivity. Thus, the product works at its best when both the Madre de

Cacao leaves extract and Chili Pepper fruit powder is on its highest amount.

The tables present the acceptability of the Madre de Cacao leaves

extract and Chili pepper fruit powder as cockroach pesticides in terms of the

Factor Analysis: Criteria for Pesticide Use in the Pest Control Process
The acceptability of Madre de Cacao leaves extracts and Chili pepper

fruit powder as cockroach pesticide

Table 2.

Performance and Effectiveness Criteria data scores of each treatment

Performance and Effectiveness Criteria

Treatment 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Pesticide 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

can kill

targeted

cockroaches

Time taken 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5

when the

pesticide kill

all

cockroaches

The number 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5

of sprays

destroy the

cockroaches

The table’s indicator was to measure the performance and effectiveness of

each treatment. The data scores given were based on Table 1. The effectivity

of the different mixtures in the production of the cockroach pesticide thus

indicating the rates on how the treatment killed the cockroaches assigned to

it.

Table 3.

Environmental Criteria data scores of each treatment

Environmental Criteria

Treatment 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Decompose 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

rapidly into

harmless

compounds

Low adverse 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

environmental

effects

Low risk of 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

poisoning

during

handling

As shown in the table, all treatments have met the Environmental Criteria.

Therefore, treatments 1-9 is acceptable in this area.

Table 4.

Financial and Accessibility Criteria data scores of each treatment

Financial and Accessibility Criteria

 Treatment 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Convenient 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

accessibilit

Affordability 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

to use

As shown, the treatments from 1-9 have met the Financial and Accessibility

Criteria as well. Its data scores indicate that all are acceptable in this

indicator.

The respondents who answered the questionnaire are the researchers only,

due to the current protocols regarding the pandemic which in turn lessens the

possibility of interacting with the top suggested respondents indicated. With

the presented results regarding the questionnaire: Factor Analysis: Criteria for

Pesticide Use in the Pest Control Process.

The acceptability regarding the criteria is identified from the

computation of the mean per treatment with the formula X = (∑xi) / n given a

specific data scoring.

Factor Analysis: Criteria for Pesticide Use in the Pest Control Process

interpretations of each treatment

 Table 5.

Interpretation of the scores per treatment through mean computation.

Treatment Performanc Environment Financial X= Interpretatio

s e and al Criteria and (∑xi) / n

Effectivene (15) Accessibilit n

ss Criteria y Criteria (Mean

(15) (10) )

n=9

1 11 15 10 4 Agree

2 11 15 10 4 Agree

3 11 15 10 4 Agree

4 13 15 10 4.2 Agree

5 13 15 10 4.2 Agree

6 13 15 10 4.2 Agree

7 13 15 10 4.2 Agree

8 14 15 10 4.33 Agree

9 15 15 10 5 Strongly

agree

After the computation the researchers identified the remarks that are

acceptable for each treatment which shows the acceptability of a treatment

from each criterion presented. Treatment 9 had the highest remarks with the
data score which is 5, having the data score remark of Strongly Agree, thus is

the most acceptable.

This part presents the cost analysis of the study. The researchers showed the

data through basic addition and interpreted the data through a pie chart.

The cost-analysis on the production of cockroach pesticide using Madre de

cacao leaves extract and Chili pepper fruit powder.

Table 6.

Cost that was met by the researchers throughout the study

Cost Analysis of the Research Product

MATERIALS COST

1 Madre de Cacao leaves P 0.00

2 Chili pepper fruit powder P 30.00

3 Gloves P 274.00

4 Spray bottle P 47.00

5 Salt P 2.00

TOTAL P 353.00

COST ANALYSIS CHART

1 2 3 4 5

1% 8%
13%
 78%

CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter presents the conclusion and recommendations of the

study.

Conclusion

This part presents the conclusion of the study in connection to the

results and discussion. The combination of Madre de Cacao and Chili pepper

fruit powder can be and is effective as cockroach pesticide. The results and

discussion shows the efficiency of the product that can be created through

this study. As per observation the researchers therefore conclude that the

more the amount of the extract and powder increases the more time

decreases in killing the cockroaches.

Recommendations

Based on the results and conclusion of the study the following are

hereby recommended:

1. It is highly recommended to use the combination of Madre de

Cacao and Chili pepper fruit powder as cockroach pesticide

 especially to unattended places prone to where cockroach

usually originate.

2. For future researchers it is recommended that they strain the

combination of Madre de Cacao leaves extract and Chili

pepper fruit powder in order to smoothen the process,

especially that the extract truly needs to be filtered as its

concentration leaves some substances from the leaf itself.

3. For upcoming students, it is recommended that they would

determine and discover whether the combination of Madre

de Cacao and Chili pepper fruit powder would not only have

the ability of killing cockroaches.

 Acknowledgment

First and for most, the researchers would like to thank our

Almighty God for the knowledge, strength, skills and ability he has given to us

to fulfill this research study. Also for the guidance and for giving whom who

conducted the study good health in order to complete this challenging task.

The researchers would like to extend deepest gratitude to the

Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion subject teacher Mr. Mark Christian R.

Almazan who is always there to guide and to correct all the mistakes the

researchers commit as the process of this research goes on. For sparing his

time, for the support as well as encouraging and directing to accomplish better

results of this work. The researchers sincerely thank him for his presence and

assistance because without him this study will not end up being done and

success would never be possible.

Moreover, the researchers are thankful to those classmates who

supported all the way through in attaining some materials specifically, and to

the researchers’ beloved school who provided necessary instructions which

guided through. The researchers extend gratitude to the panelist as well

namely, Mr. Ralph Arvic T. Arcenal, Mr. Ernil D. Sumayao and to Mrs. Joan J.

Sinagpulo for giving their time, to witness as well as correct and give their

comments, suggestions and recommendations for the best of the research

study.
 Lastly, the researchers give a heartfelt gratitude to the parents

who gave their undying support, for motivating, inspiring and providing

financial.

APPENDICES

Allergens - An allergen is a type of antigen that produces an

abnormally vigorous immune response in which the immune system fights off

a perceived threat that would otherwise be harmless to the body.

Approximation - a thing that is similar to something else, but is not

exactly the same.

Attain - reach (a specified age, size, or amount).

Beaker - a large drinking container with a wide mouth.

Capsaicin - a compound that is responsible for the pungency of

capsicums.

Capsicum Frutescens - is a species of chili pepper that is sometimes

considered to be part of the species Capsicum annuum.

Coumarins - a vanilla-scented compound found in many plants,

formerly used for flavoring food.

E-coli - is a type of bacteria that normally lives in your intestines. It's

also found in the gut of some animals.

Leguminous Nitrogen - Legumes (peas, vetches, clovers, beans and

others) grow in a symbiotic relationship with soil-dwelling bacteria. The

bacteria take gaseous nitrogen from the air in the soil and feed this nitrogen to

the legumes; in exchange the plant provides carbohydrates to the bacteria.

 Mortar - a cup-shaped receptacle made of hard material, in which

ingredients are crushed or ground, used especially in cooking or pharmacy.

Pestle - crush or grind (a substance such as a spice or drug) with a

pestle.

Paracitic - resulting from infestation by a parasite.

Pathogens - a bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause

disease.
 AUTHOR’S BIO-NOTE

Denzel S. Cabatas, is a senior high school

student from Biliran Province State University
Laboratory High School. He is a completer from
(NNHS) or Naval National High School. He is known
for her editing skills and funny humor he wanted to be
successful someday. He believes that pain makes
people stronger. Currently, he is a grade 12 student
under the Science Technology Engineering and
Mathematics strand, thus he is a candidate for
graduation in Biliran Province State University

Jirah Mae C. Garcia is a senior high school

student of Biliran Province State University Laboratory
High School under the Science Technology
Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) strand. She
completed her junior high school years ranking first at
Tucdao National High School taking up the STE
program also known as Science Technology and
Engineering from grades 7-10. Presently, she is a
Grade 12 – graduating student aiming to finally start up on her dream college
course Bachelor of Science
In Biology at the University of the Philippines.

Ferdinand S. Dangel, is a senior high school

student from Biliran Province State University
Laboratory High School. He is a completer from
Naval National High School. He is known for her
painting and dancing skills. He wants to be a
seafarer someday. Currently, he is a grade 12
student under the Science Technology Engineering
and Mathematics strand, thus he is a candidate for graduation. He is hopefully
looking forward to starting and then completing her dream college course
which is BS MARINE ENGINEERING.
 Kyla Janine O. Domingo, is a senior high
school student from Biliran Province State University
Laboratory High School. She is a completer from the
same school as well. She is known for her dancing
skills and funny humor .. Currently, she is a grade 12
student under the Science Technology Engineering
and Mathematics strand, thus she is a candidate for
graduation. She is hopefully looking forward to
starting and then completing her dream collegecourse which is Bachelor of
Science in Nursing.

Samantha Eve A. Guevarra, is a Jr. High

School completer in Naval School of fisheries.
During her time in the school, she received awards
for being an honor student. After the 4-year journey
in the Naval School of Fisheries, she continued her
studies in Biliran Province State University under the
Science Technology and Engineering Mathematics.
In college, she will pursue a Bachelor of Science in
Civil Engineering.

Jedidiah Emmanuel G. Arce, is a senior

high school student from Biliran Province State
University Laboratory High School. He is a
completer from Tucdao National High school. He
believes that challenges is a stepping stone to
achieve our goals in life. Currently, he is a grade
12 student under the Science Technology
Engineering and Mathematics strand, thus he is a
candidate for graduation. He is hopefully looking
forward to starting and then completing his goal in college which is Bachelor
of Science in Computer
Science.