g

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
MIMAROPA REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ORIENTAL MINDORO

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF
CALAMANSI AND ALOE VERA
EXTRACT AS WHITENING LOTION

BY

MESANA, JOHN KRISHNA ACOSTA

SSC 9 - URANUS

JUNE 6, 2022

Submitted To:
MRS. JERRELYN SOGUILON MAGTAGAD
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  Abstract

The researcher’s main purpose for conducting this proposal is to make a product that is

not expensive but high quality like no other whitening lotion. This study will help the teenagers

who are looking a solution to make their skin lighten.

In this situation, teenagers are having problems making their skin whiten, because they

wanted to look beautiful, and gorgeous. In order to this, the users of whitening products, always

wash your body properly then use the whitening lotion, and read the instructions first before

applying it.

The development of drug resistance is widespread in today's arsenal of chemotherapeutic

agents and this has brought renewed interest in the use of natural products. Calamansi (Citrus

microcarpa B.) is an essential oil-rich citrus from the Philippines popularly used in beverages

and condiments. Calamansi wastes from processing plants are underutilized and may pose

environmental concerns if not properly processed. 

Aloe Vera, commonly known as Barbados or Curaçao Aloe, is an herbal medicine with a long

tradition of use by a variety of cultures. The succulent plant grows in arid and subtropical climates and is

best known for 2 distinct preparations: the clear mucilaginous gel that is widely used for the treatment

of minor burns, especially sunburns, and the thick sap of the leaves that turns yellow-brown and has

strong laxative effects that caution its use.

The traditional uses of the clear mucilaginous gel are manifold, ranging from topical applications

to reduce perspiration to oral dosing for diabetes and a range of gastrointestinal ailments. The efficacy

of Aloe Vera gel to treat burn wounds, genital herpes, and seborrheic dermatitis have been shown in

clinical trials, but other indications such as psoriasis or internal application for the treatment of type 2

diabetes remain inconclusive. The main limitation of the current clinical knowledge about Aloe Vera gel

is small clinical studies that often lack rigorous methodology. Several clinical trials are being conducted

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to further evaluate the use of Aloe Vera gel for a variety of disorders, as well as to further confirm

traditional uses of the plant extract.

 Acknowledgement

With a grateful heart, the researcher would like to give sincere gratitude to the people

who supported him in conducting the study:

First my family, my father Donato D. Mesana and my mother Myrna A. Mesana who

gave their help to complete this proposal. Of course, to my little brother Rohan Jake Mesana for

the moral support given to me.

Second to my teacher, Mr. Nicolas Ulysses Gelindon Fabella who encourages me that I

can make this project successfully and for making this project possible.

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my research teacher Mrs. Jerrelyn S.

Magtagad for providing her invaluable guidance, comments and suggestions throughout the

course of the project.

Also, I would like to thank Mrs. Judith Galigao (my house maid) for her assistance in

preparing the materials and making the setup of the project,

And last but not least, our almighty God, our source of wisdom, knowledge and

understanding that has provided all that was needed in order for this proposal to be successful.

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 CHAPTER I
Introduction

Teenagers today are looking a way to make their skin lighten, or to avoid getting dry.

Some are trying to use a whitening lotion from online shopping, but the results are catastrophic,

because instead of whitening his/her skin, it darkens. So I conduct this research to make

teenagers skin lightens and also softens.

Calamansi (Citrus × microcarpa), also known as calamondin, Philippine lime, or Phil.

lemon, is an economically important citrus hybrid predominantly cultivated in the Philippines.

It is native to the Philippines, Borneo, and Sulawesi in Indonesia in Southeast Asia, as well as

southern China and Taiwan in East Asia. Calamansi is ubiquitous in traditional Filipino Cuisine.

It is used in various condiments, beverages, dishes, marinades, and preserves. Calamansi is also

used as an ingredient in Malaysian and Indonesian cuisines (Europe MPC)

Calamansi has vitamins C which offers a wealth of skin benefits, and inhabits melanin

producton.

Aloe Vera contains a popular and natural depigmentation compound known as Aloin.

This compound effectively lightens skin, eradicates skin imperfections like dark spots and

patches, and eliminates dead skin cells.

Aloe vera has been considered a miracle plant due to its potential of remedying many of

human's ailments. It has been used for over five thousand years and still known today.

In Asia, people use calamansi juice on their skin as a natural bleaching agent. In

addition to clearing the skin of blemishes or discoloration, it can also deliver antioxidants to the

skin that prevents wrinkles and other signs of aging. In Asia, people use calamansi juice on their

skin as a natural bleaching agent.

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 According to Lynna May Bocala, (2014), calamansi or calamondin belongs to the citrus

family. It is a fruit tree native in the Philippines. The tree is low set, spreading and well

branched. The leaves are broad and oval and dark green to pale green on the upper and lower

surfaces, respectively. The fruit is usually small and round, ranging from 3.0 to 3.0 inches in

diameter. The rind may be thin or thick. Calamansi is a rich source of vitamin C. its juice is used

as a flavoring ingredient or as an additive in various food preparations. The pulp can be utilized

in beverages, syrups, concentrates, and purees; whereas, the peel can be need 2 in making jams,

candies and marmalade. With its alkalinizing effect calamansi helps blood circulate energy and

facilitates normal digestion.

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Conceptual Format

Input Process Output

Independent Dependent
Variable Variable
 Odor
 Smell

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State of the Problem

The proposal strives to answer the following question:

 Does the calamansi and aloe vera extract whitening lotion better than commercial

whitening lotion?

 Does it make the skin lightens?

 Does it make the skin moisturize?

Hypothesis

The following guide the researchers to answer the problem:

H0: The Aloe Vera whitening lotion is much cheaper than the other whitening lotion. The

Calamansi extract and the Aloe Vera gel is not effective compared with the other products. The

Calamansi extract and the Aloe Vera gel have a side effect. The Calamansi extract and the Aloe

Vera gel can make skin dry.

H1: Calamansi extract and the aloe vera can be mixed together. The Calamansi extract and the

aloe vera gel is effective compared with the other products. The Calamansi extract and the aloe

vera gel have no side effects. The Calamansi extract and the aloe vera gel can make skin whiten.

Scope and Delimitations

The study was conducted at Dayhagan Bongabong, Oriental Mindoro, year of 2022 and
ten (10) people ages 13-18 who volunteered to be the subject of the study.

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Significance of the study

The study will be of significance to the following:

Students: The whitening lotion will lighten the students skin preventing it to darken and dry.

Teenagers: The teenagers will try the whitening lotion if it has any positive effects on the skin.

Community: The community will switch from commercial whitening lotion to homade

whitening lotion (Calamansi extract and Aloe Vera gel whitening lotion) because it is much

cheaper and more efficient.

The Calamansi whitening lotion can be significant through helping our skin to be white

and dry free. Instead of buying whitening lotion online, we can simply use this whitening lotion.

Definition of Terms

The researchers cited the following terms in order for the readers to understand more

about the study:

Calamansi- Calamansi, also known as calamondin, Philippine lime, or Philippine lemon, is an

economically important citrus hybrid predominantly cultivated in the Philippines. It is native to

the Philippines, Borneo, Sumatra, and Sulawesi in Indonesia in Southeast Asia, as well as

southern China and Taiwan in East Asia.

Aloe Vera- Aloe vera is a succulent plant species of the genus Aloe. Having some 500 species,

Aloe is widely distributed, and is considered an invasive species in many world regions. An

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evergreen perennial, it originates from the Arabian Peninsula, but grows wild in tropical, semi-

tropical, and arid climates around the world.

Glycerin- Glycerol, also called glycerine in British English and glycerin in American English, is

a simple polyol compound. It is a colorless, odorless, viscous liquid that is sweet-tasting and

non-toxic. The glycerol backbone is found in lipids known as glycerides.

Extracting- remove or take out calamansi extract and aloe vera gel, especially by effort or force.

Mixing- combine or put together to the calamansi extract and aloe vera gel form one substance

or mass.

Observing-. take note of or detect (something) in the course of a scientific study using the five

senses.

Appearance- a process of coming into existence or use.

Whitening- make or become white.

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 CHAPTER II
Review of Related Literature

This chapter includes the studies and literatures that helped the researchers support their

study. In essence, the review of the related literature and studies review identifies, evaluates and

synthesizes the relevance of these literature and studies to their study.

Citrofortunella Microcarpa is a fruit tree in the family rutaceae native to Philippine island

– It believed that it came from China and it spread to the other parts of the world. This is used in

medicine, culinary and ect. This is also used commonly used as a cough medicine.

Calamansi, a citrus fruit tree also known as Citrfortunella microcarpa or calamondin,

grows natively in the Philippines. Calamansi trees bear small, orange-like fruits,

darkgreen foliage and white flowers. The calamansi tree grows up to about 25 feet

tall at maturity, and it is hardy to U.S. Department of Agriculture zone 9 and above. Like

most other citrus trees, calamansi grows readily from seed. This is a reliable

propagation method if you cannot find calamansi saplings or cuttings at a plant nursery.

The name Aloe Vera is derived from the Arabic word “Alloeh” meaning “shining bitter

substance,” while “Vera” in Latin means “true”. The plant Aloe Vera has a history dating back to

biblical times. It is a perennial succulent xerophyte, which develops water-storage tissue in the

leaves to survive in dry areas of low or erratic rainfall. The plant has stiff grey-green lance-

shaped leaves containing clear gel in a central mucilaginous pulp. Benefits associated with Aloe

vera have been attributed to the polysaccharides contained in the gel of the leaves.

It was proposed that the Aloe vera gel formulations with higher concentrations (0.25%

w/w and 0.5% w/w) improved skin hydration possibly by means of a humectant mechanism.

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Humectant mechanism means that the Aloe gel works by attracting water from the dermis below

and by helping to keep this water bound in the stratum corneum

Aloe Vera is helpful of keeping your skin clear and hydrated. It’s water dense leaves,

combined with special plant compounds called complex carbohydrate makes it an effective face

moisturizer and pain reliever.

Calamansi is a smooth and slightly spiny plant, growing to a height of 3 to 5 meters. Leaflets

are elliptic to oblong-elliptic, 4 to 8 centimeters long. Petioles are very narrowly or scarcely

winged, about 1 centimeter long. Flowers are axillary, solitary, rarely in pairs,white, and short-

stalked. Fruit is yellow when ripe, nearly spherical, 2 to 3.5 centimeters diameter, 6- to 7-

celled, and thin-skinned. The skin or peel is green to yellowish green or yellow, loosely

adhering to the flesh. The flesh contains a few light orange seeds. Other c o m m o n n a m e s

o f c a l a m a n s i i n t h e P h i l i p p i n e s a r e : k a l a m o n d i n , c a l a m u n d i n g , calamansi,

limonsito and aguadulce. The calamansi tree has upright branches with thorns, and can

grow up to 10 feethigh. The calamansi fruit is about 1 3/4 inch in diameter, dark green

when unripe and yellow orange when ripe, with loose skin, segmented contents and the pulp is

very acidic. (2006)

Aloe Vera properties make them very versatile. When ingested, they are incredibly

soothing, loaded with antioxidants, and offer countless other health benefits. Of course, the

various species of aloe will be comprised of different compounds and properties. Even the inner

and outer parts of aloe leaves contain different properties. The biggest between most of them is

typically the amount and density of minerals, vitamins, and nutrients (Dr. Edward, 2016).

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 CHAPTER III
Methodology

Research Design
This research used Experimental Research Design. This study tested the effectiveness

of calamansi extract and aloe vera gel as whitening lotion.

An experimental research is any research that is conducted scientifically, where the

set of variables are kept constant while the other set of variables are being measured as the

subject of experiment. The simplest example of an experimental research is conducting a

laboratory test. Keep in mind that as long as a research is being conducted under scientifically

acceptable conditions, then that research is an experimental research. But only a true

experimental research is successful only when the researcher confirms that there’s a change that

took place.

Materials
The research will need the following materials in making a whitening lotion:

20pcs. Calamansi

Strainer

2 Empty Bottle

½ of Aloe Vera gel

2 teaspoons of Glycerin

Measuring spoons

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Procedure
In this chapter, the researcher will be making a whitening lotion out of materials that

can be found in homes and that are cheap to buy. The researcher found out that citrus fruits are

cheap and easy to buy especially when it is in season. Citrus fruits also have a high quantity of

vitamin C that make the skin healthy and prevent it from drying. Aloe Vera contains aloin, a

natural depigmenting compound that has been shown to lighten skin and work effectively as a

nontoxic hyperpigmentation treatment, according to a 2012 study. To use: Apply calamansi with

pure Aloe Vera gel to pigmented areas before bedtime, that’s why the researcher chose this as his

primary ingredient for his product–home-made calamansi extract-aloe vera gel whitening lotion.

Lotions that have 70%-up solution are mostly found on homes and are cheap in the market. The

researcher chose this ingredient because of its whitening properties when it comes to darkens and

dryness of skin in people. The researcher did was, first, researched the materials needed and the

procedures on making a whitening lotion. Second, the researcher bought the materials needed to

be able to make a whitening lotion. The researcher will be making a whitening lotion out of the

following materials: ½ cup of Aloe Vera gel, 2 teaspoons of glycerine, zest of a 1 whole

calamansi and its extract. The researcher did was, first, scrape the gel inside the aloe Vera leaves.

After scraping the gel, the group put it a plastic container and added 2 teaspoons of glycerine.

Next, grate the calamansi to get the zest and add it to the mixture, then, mix till well blended.

Lastly, the researcher recycled a small bottle that was used as a container for the mixture.

Sampling Technique
The sampling technique that the researcher used is Simple Random Sampling, in which

the researcher randomly selects a subset of participants from a population. Each member of the

population has an equal chance of being selected.

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Research Instruments
In this study, the research instrument that used by the researcher to gather information will

be observation and experiment. The information that will be collected will served as a guide to

know the effectiveness of calamansi and Aloe Vera extract as whitening lotion.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researcher used supporting details such as the internet to search more information

needed, books, magazines, tabloid and other forms of informative texts. The researcher will also

provide the materials needed in conducting the study.

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 CHAPTER IV
Results and Discussion

This chapter includes the data that the researcher got from the experiment. The

researcher will use the table format, so that the readers of the study will easily understand about

the data that the researchers interpreted.

Analysis of Data
Table 1:
Test After 1 After 2 After 3 After 4
hour hours hours hours
1 3 2 2 1
2 3 3 2 2
3 3 2 2 1
4 3 2 1 1
5 3 3 1 1

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 CHAPTER V
Summary of Findings

I do find that once the whitening lotion is applied to the user’s skin after a few

hours, its starts lighten. After one day, the skin starts to smoothen. Continue using this

product, will result to glowing, smooth light and healthy skin.

Conclusion

Therefore, after conducting the experimentation, the researchers further conclude

the following conclusions:

1. The researcher concluded that the calamansi and aloe vera extract whitening lotion is

cheaper than commercial whitening lotion.

2. The researcher concluded that the calamansi and aloe vera extract whitening lotion

moisturizes, smoothens and whitens the user’s skin.

Recommendation
To the person who uses this product, I recommend that before applying it, make sure that

you don’t have any injuries or cuts to avoid any infection.

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 The researchers recommend to use the calamansi and aloe vera extract than other

commercial whitening lotion. Since the calamansi and aloe vera extract whitening lotion is

composed of ingredients that have nutrients and benefits in them that is better rather than the

other ingredients used in making the other commercial whitening lotion.

The researchers recommend using scents for a better smell, because most people would

not tend to use gross smelling products.

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 Chapter VI
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Curriculum Vitae

Name: John Krishna A. Mesana

Nickname: Krissh

Birthdate: June 18, 2007

Birthplace: Manila Doctors Hospital 667 United Nations Ave, Ermita, Manila, 1000 Metro

Manila

Address: Dayhagan, Bongabong, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines

Contact No.: 09610117113

Email address: mesana901@gmail.com

Mother: Myrna Lucero Acosta

Father: Donato De Leon Mesana

Educational Background

School: Dayhagan National High School

Year: 9th Grade SSC Uranus

Learning in Life: God will always be with you.

Motto: “Life is like riding a bicycle, to keep your balance you must keep moving”

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