CES 4702 – Concepts of Concrete Design

HW #3
Due 9/30/2021

PROBLEM 1:
A 6 in. slab is reinforced by #5 bars @ 7 in on centers. What is its nominal and design
capacity? Use f’c = 4 ksi and Grade 60 steel.

1. Find As and d
2. Check steel limits
3. Check maximum steel
4. Calculate nominal capacity
5. Find design capacity

PROBLEM 2:
What is the maximum allowable uniform load for the slab in the previous example if it
spans 10 ft and carries a dead load of 50 psf in addition to its own weight in simple span.

1. Find wu
2. Find wL
PROBLEM 3:

Mu
1. Solve for As = φfy(d ― a/2) with convergence ➡

Assume ‘a’, calculate As, update ‘a’ until converge

2𝑀𝑢𝛽
2. Determine As ➡ ρ = β- 𝛽2 ―
𝜙𝑓𝑦𝑏𝑑2
0.85𝑓′𝑐
β= 𝑓𝑦
Solve for As = ρbd
3. Determine ρ = 0.3 ρ0.005
Compute a, Compute ϕ Mn, Compare ϕ Mn ≤Mu
Adjust ρ, Compute a, Compute ϕ Mn, Compare ϕ Mn ≤Mu
Iterate until Mu matches guess
Solve As = ρbd

NOTE: you should get the same value of As in #1,2 and 3.

 SLAB ANALYSIS EXAMPLE

A 6 in. slab is reinforced by #5 bars @ 7 in on centers. What is its nominal and design
capacity? Use f’c = 4 ksi and Grade 60 steel.

Solution:

Unlike beams, reinforcement for slabs is defined in terms of spacing. As slabs are
designed per ft, the reinforcement needs to be converted to the equivalent steel over 1 ft
by pro-rating (in this case by the factor 12/7 since the spacing is 7 in). Minimum cover
- Table 20.6.1.3.1
Find As and d
12
Area of steel = 0.31 in2 (area of # 5 bar) x = 0.53 in2 per ft
7
Check spacing - 7 in < 3 x slab thickness < 3(6) OK (7.7.2.3)
0.625
d = dt = h – 0.75 in. (cover) – (bar dia) = 6 - 0.75 – 0.312 = 4.94 in.
2
Check steel limits

Minimum steel is specified in ACI 318-19 7.6.1.1 on p. 92

2
Asmin = 0.0018bh = 0.0018(12)(6) = 0.13 in < 0.53 in2 OK

Check maximum steel

As 0.53
ρ= = = 0.0089 < 0.018 OK – tension controlled failure
bd (12)(4.94)

Note – this is the easiest way of checking maximum steel. We could have used c/dt or Єt
but this would require additional calculations.

Calculate nominal capacity

As f y (0.53)(60)
a= = = 0.78 in.
0.85 f ' cb (0.85)(4)(12)
a 0.78
Mn = Asfy (d - ) = 0.53(60)(4.94 - ) = 144.7 k-in/ft = 12.1 k-ft/ft
2 2

Find design capacity

φ Mn = (0.9)(12.1) = 10.9 k-ft/ft

 SLAB ANALYSIS EXAMPLE 2

What is the maximum allowable uniform load for the slab in the previous example if it
spans 10 ft and carries a dead load of 50 psf in addition to its own weight.

SOLUTION

To calculate the maximum allowable load, equate the design capacity, φMn to the
required capacity Mu and solve for wu. Once wu is known, using ACI load factors, the
required service load can be found.

Find wu

wu L2
φMn = Mu =
8

8ϕM n 8(10.9)
wu = = = 0.87 ksf
L2 100

Find wl

wu = 1.2wd + 1.6wl

( width)(depth) (12)(6)(150)
wd = 2
(150 pcf) = = 75 psf
12 144

870 = 1.2(75+50) + 1.6(wl)

wl = 450 psf

This is a very large service load. For example, in bridges, the uniform lane load is only 64
psf. In lobbies and first floor corridors the allowable service load is only 100 psf. In stack
rooms of libraries it is 150 psf. This slab was heavily reinforced - 0.89% and this
accounts for the large load.
Units

Problem 3 Design a 12 simply supported one-way slab to carry a service load of 100 psf.
Use f'c = 3 ksi and fy = 60 ksi.

Given:
f'c := 3000⋅ psi b := 12⋅ in
fy := 60000 ⋅ psi

Mu := 4.91⋅ kip⋅ ft d := 6.5⋅ in β1 := 0.85 and ϕ := 0.9 tensioned controlled

Alterna&ve 1 : Itera&on Method

Mu
Mu := ϕ⋅ As⋅ fy⋅  d − 
a
Calculate the area required such that As :=
based on the nominal  2 ϕ⋅ A ⋅ f ⋅  d − a 
moment, As⋅ fy  s y 2 
Calculate the compressive stress a :=
block height, a 0.85⋅ f'c⋅ b

Trial method: ...Guess a a := 1 ⋅ in

4.91⋅ kip⋅ ft 2
...compute As As := = 0.182in
1 ⋅ in 
0.9⋅ ( 60000 ⋅ psi) ⋅  6.5⋅ in − 
 2 

0.182 in ⋅ ( 60000 ⋅ psi)

2
...compute a a := = 0.357in
0.85⋅ ( 3000⋅ psi) ⋅ ( 12⋅ in )

Trial method: ...Guess again a := 0.357⋅ in

Mu 2
...compute As As := = 0.173in
ϕ⋅ f ⋅  d − a 
 y 
  2 

As⋅ fy
...compute a a := = 0.338in
0.85⋅ f'c⋅ b

Trial method: ...Guess again a := 0.338⋅ in

Mu 2
...compute As As := = 0.172in <--
ϕ⋅ f ⋅  d − a 
 y 2 

As⋅ fy
...compute a a := = 0.338in
0.85⋅ f'c⋅ b
Alterna&ve 2: Slab Design using ρ

...compute β
0.85⋅ f'c
β := β = 0.0425
fy

Subs&tute into ρ:

2
2 ⋅ Mu⋅ β
ρ := β − β − ρ = 0.0022
2
ϕ⋅ fy⋅ b⋅ d

...compute As
2
As := ρ⋅ b ⋅ d As = 0.172⋅ in <--

Alterna&ve 3: Slab Design using ρ005 ε t := 0.005 tensioned controlled β1 = 0.85

f'c 0.003
Max steel ra&o: ρ0005 := 0.85⋅ β1⋅ ⋅ = 0.0135
fy 0.003 + ε t

Choose a ra&o of0.3 as suggested by your textbook:

ρ := 0.3⋅ ( ρ0005) = 0.0041

0.0041⋅ ( 60000 ⋅ psi) ⋅ ( 6.5⋅ in )

...compute a a := = 0.627in
0.85⋅ ( 3000⋅ psi)
2
...compute As As := ρ⋅ b ⋅ d = 0.317in

Mu.provided := ϕ⋅ As⋅ fy⋅  d −

a
Calculate the area required  = 8.82ft⋅ kip > Mu = 4.91⋅ ft⋅ kip
based on the nominal  2
moment, Too
Large

Choose a ra&o to reduce a: ρ := 0.2⋅ ( ρ0005) = 0.0027

ρ⋅ fy⋅ d
...compute a a := = 0.414in
0.85⋅ f'c

2
...compute As As := ρ⋅ b ⋅ d = 0.211in

Mu.provided := ϕ⋅ As⋅ fy⋅  d −  = 5.98kip⋅ ft

a
Calculate the area required > Mu = 4.91⋅ ft⋅ kip
based on the nominal  2
moment, OK
 Choose a ra&o to reduce a: ρ := 0.163⋅ ( ρ0005) = 0.0022

ρ⋅ fy⋅ d
...compute a a := = 0.338in
0.85⋅ f'c
2
...compute As As := ρ⋅ b ⋅ d = 0.172in

Mu.provided := ϕ⋅ As⋅ fy⋅  d − 

a
Calculate the area required Mu.provided = 4.91⋅ ft⋅ kip
based on the nominal  2
moment, = Mu = 4.91⋅ ft⋅ kip
OK