Assignment 4

Problem 1 : -

To show II. and 12,4181 linearly independent

3,5 ) are

we need to show

2 ( 1,3 5) + (2,4/8) =
190,0 ) 2=0
y=o
y
.

> ,

(1,3/5) + (2,4/8) (0/0,0)

y
n =

"

(n
-12g , 3a+hy ,
5N
-18g )

n+2y=o and
,
3×+44=0 5nt8y=0

Consider the equations

-12g =0
x

( Xt )
3N
-14g
=0

imples ( 4) (F) (8)

I 2
This =
.

Since det
( ; ;) to .
It implies above
system 1*1 will

have trivial solution 2=0

i. e , ,
y=0

Hence
given
vectors are
linearly independent .

Problem 2 : -

( 111,11
(a) ✗ (1/0,0) +
y( 1,110 ) + 2- = ( 0,010 )

⇐ ( Ntyt -2
,
ay -12,2-1
= 10,010 )

⇐
key -12=0 , y -12=0 ,
2=0
n=y= -2=0
 ✗
(b) ) ( ) ( ) 4=2--1
=

( 3,2 ,
1,0 =
1,1 , I , 0 + 2,1 ,
o
,
o

yW=
-

= ( 1,1 , 1,0 ) + (1) 1) 0,0 ) + ( 1,0 ,

0,0 )

a ( 11111,0 ) +
y l 1,1 0,0 ) , + z (1,0/0,0) -1W #
(3,2/1,0) =

(0,0/0,0)
So
given vectors are not
linearly independent .

(c) ( i -12 ,
-1
, 2) =
( i ,
-1,0 ) + 12,012)

= it 1
, i. 0 ) + 2 (1) 0,1)

since i. 2 C- ① see that vectors are

given
we

not independent over 1C .

As

a ( 1 , i. 0 ) +
y (1) 0,1 ) + 2- ( i -12 , -1,2) =
@ 10,0) has

solution x= i 2 and 2--1 has soln in ①

y
= .

(d) Let us solve

✗ ( 1 , i. 0 ) +
y (1) 0,1 ) + 2- ( i -12 ,
-1 ,
2) =
@ 10,0)
-

xty + (it 2) 2=0

in Z 0
+
y
-

-122=0
Y

Since x
,y ,
-2 ER we have

in 2- 0 x=o & =Z
+
y y
- =

Putting y=z in
y -122=0 ,
we
get y=Z=o .

( Moral Notion of depends field )

linearly independent
: on
.
 Problem 3 : -

(a) WCIRZ be know

Let a
subspace Then we
.

dim / w ) £2

dim Then WHO) ( convection )

W=0 .

by

dimw =L .
Then W= LS { (r ) } for some 01=0 -EÑ

,yo )
Let Geo and (a) W Tv
g)
v= =
WE .

Then w

for some A-

and
x=7xo
y :
Ayo .

74--10,20=0 , Yo -1-0

Thus xyo= yxo .

Thus w = { Cny ) C- IÑ :
aYo= Yao }
for IR and
some
nosy ,
C-

( noiyo) -1-10,0 ) .

Thus 1- dime subspace of IÑ are lines through 10,0 )

origin
.

Next consider dimlw )=2 let be basis of W

w
,wzEW
.

_cÑ and REIÑ and vctw

linearly indendent
Then wiiw .
If ,
,

then { wiiwz.ir } are

linearly independent . This contradicts

dim 1Ñ= # maximal l -

I .
set =2 .

Thus w=Ñ

dim W = 0 W = (o )

dim W = I W is a line
through origin -

dim W =
2 W= 1122

( General result : let V be a vector

space ,
WCV be
subspace with
 dim w= dimv then W=v )

(b)
b- =
12.3.0 ) ✗ (0,2/3) =
( 9 , -6,4 ) .

v1 (2,301 410/2,3) . Hence v t LS { (2,3/0) , (0,2/3)} .

}
{ ) lay ,z ) } { taiYiZ )
by -14-2=0 }
W= In -2 c- IR i V
0 :
9
,y
= =
a-
.

LS { ( 2,310 ) , 1012,3 ) } CW .

thy ,Z ) c- W
Y
=

Zz set
§ -2
.

(
my -2 ) ( n
{ -2
) x
(2/3,0)+-2/0,2 3)
g-
=
= ,
a + z , ,
,
I 5

W C LS
{ (2,3/0)
/
, (0,2/3) }

Hence LS
{ (2,3/0) , (0,2/3) } = W= { In
,y,z ) : 9x -

by -14=2--0 } .

is a
plane .

(c) Ls { (0/2,3) , ( o, -2 , -3 ) } =
Ls { (0/2,3) }

= { In ,y,Z ) i x=o
,
3y=2z }

Problem 4 :

(a) [ I 1 1) c- coll A) # rows of A =3

[ I 1 I 1)
t
c- Null (A) # columns of A = 4 '
 Null rank of A =
1

nullity -1hm (A)

By rank rank =3

A is 3×4 matrix with rank / A) =3 .

Then RREFCA )

has the form

1 : : : :|
for some cubic
⑦ I 0 b

A
lil -_
1¥ :/ =L :)
C -11

[ 11 I 1) TE Null / A) a=-b=C= -1 .

( 1)
-
I 0 0 -

A = o I 0 is an
example
-

l
O O l
-

# Colla ) (A)
(b)
By
Null
Rank
nullity -1hm Rank (A) =
-

=
5 -
I =
4

But Rank (A) I # sows of A = 2

Not possible .

Problem 5 :

(a) Answer =
mn .

Eij = ( Sij )
Kiam
Hisn

Then { Eiji Kien , Kien } is a basis of

Mm! ;D
h
m

1- = Cai ;) =3
Eaij Eij
i
j=1 ,j-ae
 (b) Answer =3

By Problem 12 of
Assignment 3 ,

✗ = is
{1%1.1%1.1%1}
Above three matrices are
e. I dimx =3

(c)

{ Eii Eji
+
if icj
Fij =

Eii i=j
if

=/
matrix with 1 in Ciii ) and lj.it entry
Fig
nxn

and zero otherwise if icj

/ nxn

and
matrix
zero
with

otherwise
1 in ( i. it entry ,
if i=j

ith.co/umjth Colum

1. I
)
i. e , F
'

ij i
=
0 I 0 i< j
,
1
- -

ith
-

→
-
- - - -

tow
o

i o

f
o
ith
-

→
dow 1

ithrcolm .

f)
I
)
°
°
5- =
I
ij
0 0
 Clearly { Fij } is ,
are 1- I -

different entries )
( as Non -
Zero
entry of
Fij are at

( aii ) be matrix
A- =

,si*;< n symmetric

ai ; it Is i. ish
aj ;
.

A =
Sai,
Fij + Éaiifii
i=i
Is 'ncj< n

{ Fij } span
✗ n
.

# { Fiji Kieren } = { ↳ it : Kisi En }

nln
=

(d) { ( 1101,10111 } form a basis of É over 6 .

b. I and cabled laibj-alholi-blo.it

They are then .

(e) 5=9 ( 1,07 ,

( i. 01 ,
lo , 1) ,
( 0 , it } form a basis of Éover IR

They are 1. I a / 1,01 + bli ,O ) -1 do 1) tdlo.ir/-- 10,0 )

,

( ( atib ,
ctidl = ( 0,01 ⇐ atib -_ 0 , ctid :O

a=b=o c=d=o
⇐ ,

( as a. bind c- R )

( atib ,
ctidl c- Lsts ) .
Problem 6 i

(111/0)
£11,1 1)
e ( Wt U
§
= 1 -1 1) -

+ c-
, , , ,

ez ) ( -1,11 C- Wto
Chi ,
tz 1
=

Iz
/ -

,
.

( 0,0111 ( 1 1,1 ) (1,1/0) E W -10

e.g
= -

= ,

}
{ }
{ e, ez ez } C- Wto IR Ls ei.ez.cz C W+v
.

=
, ,

C- 1123

(
,y,Z )
Reit Ze C- W -10
yez
n = + }
.

wtv = 1123 .

( 1,2 1) el +
Zeztez 311,111 ) 11 )
, = =
-1,1
iz
-

( -1,1 ) ( 112,11 11,1

1g
1) E Wh U
3g
1 = -

, ,

Who + to ) .

( Fact :
W -10=1123 dimlwtv )= Ipi and dimlw ) = 2- dimlu )

dim ( Wau ) = dim ( W ) + dim lol -

dimlw -101=1 )
%

Problem 7

(a) check the of

Easy
.
all properties vector space
.

(b) { 1
,
ri -
se -15
,
n' + an -17 } are e.I

< t.lt B. ( ri -
n -15 ) + r -

( sitar -171=0 has trivial soln .

 ⇐ Ntr)ñ + ( r a -
-

B) a + µ -15ps -1781=0 has trivial soln .

in dip ,r .

⇐ B -18=0 8. p :O and ✗ -178=0 has trivial soln

a
+5ps
-

in
dip ,r

( A =

[ to 5. ta ]
O
l
,
l is invertible

⇐ a- I 1=0

Problem 8 :

Let d.
ftp.sina + 8 .

Cosa =
o f see 1- IT ,
It ]

Take -1-4, and ✗ =o and ✗

p=o
-

tyz p
✗ = =
✗ +

✗ =p :O

Take ✗ = 0 then ✗ 1- 8 = 0 ✗ = -

✗ = o .

Problem 9 : -

(a) Take matrix A

( to ) !
=

}
t
Col (A) =
Ls { ( 1 , 1,01T ,
( 0,0 , 1)

( 1,2 ) =
(1/0) + 2- ( 0,1 ) and ( 2,5 ) =
211,0 ) + 510,11 .

(b) From
hypothesis null rank =L = column rank = rank (A) .

null rank (A) + rank (A) = 2

T
11 ,
I , 3) c- Null (A) # columns of A =3
 null rank (A) + rank (A) =
2=13 =
# columns of A

go such a matrix doesn't exist .

Problem 10 : -

Let & t kith for

aije ;
=
u .
some
i. =\
IF
aijt
"

( This is possible because

uje IF and { en -

rien } is
"

a basis of IF )

Aujt = A ( saijeti )
i. =/

n n

=
I
aij Ae ? =

Eaij
At ;i )
i. =L i=1

C- Colla ) .

Ls { Aut Aut , ,
- -
.

, Aunt } C colla )

"

Since { u , ,
-
-

, un } is a
basis of IF , we have

for
ei =
I
j=1
bijuj some
bijc-FV-K-r.sn

Aei .
= É bij Auj E Ls { Aut , Aut .
.
-
.
.
.

. Aunt }
j=1
{ Aei Aent }
-

Ls ,
-
. -

"
Colla ) C LS { Aui Aui , .
. .
-

, Aunt }

co / (A) = Ls { Auf Auf , .

. - . .
.
.

, Aunt } .
ABI :?)
1
11

I :I=a1 :)
41
lui } leg }
u
; =
Eaije ;

ej =
Ebaijui