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Presentation The French Dis Case Study - En.ar
Presentation The French Dis Case Study - En.ar
com -
ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻲ
ﻳﺼﺮﻑ'
ﺣﻀﺮﻱﻣﺴﺘﺪﺍﻡ
ﺣﻲﺗﻮﺑﻨﻐﻦ ،ﺃﻟﻤﺎﻧﻴﺎ
ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ
ﺗﺤﺖﺇﺷﺮﺍﻑ:
• ﻡ.ﺣﻨﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﻧﺲ
ﻣﻘﺪﻡﻣﻦ:
ﺗﻮﺑﻨﻐﻦﻫﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺳﻜﺎﻧﻬﺎ 89000ﻧﺴﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺑﺎﺩﻥ ﻓﻮﺭﺗﻤﺒﻴﺮﻍ ،ﺟﻴﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﻲ .ﻭﺗﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ 30ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﺍ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﻋﺎﺻﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ
ﺷﺘﻮﺗﻐﺎﺭﺕﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻼﻝ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻬﺮﻱ ﻧﻴﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﻣﻴﺮ .ﺭﺑﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻮﺑﻨﻐﻦ )ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ
ﻋﺸﺮﺓﺃﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﻳﻌﻴﺸﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻮﺑﻴﻨﻐﻦ ﻫﻮ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ( ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺩﺍﺉﻤﺎً ﻃﻠﻴﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﺉﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ .ﻳﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﺣﺰﺏ ﺍﻟﺨﻀﺮ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻋﺎﻡ 2007ﻭﺧﺮﺟﺖ
ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔﻭﺳﻜﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺤﻤﻠﺔ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﻭﻛﻔﺎءﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ .ﻧﻈﺮﺍً ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺮﻱ ﻭﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﻴﻦ
ﺍﻟﺮﺉﻴﺴﻴﻴﻦﻓﻲ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ،ﻓﺈﻥ "ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ" ،ﺟﻨﺒﺎً ﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﻨﺐ ﻣﻊ " "Quartier Vaubanﻓﻲ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﺒﻮﺭﻍ ،ﺗﻌﺪ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﺭﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎء
ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ.
.2ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺮﻱ
ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔﺍﻟﺤﻀﺮﻳﺔ
2009 1997
ﻣﺨﻄﻂﻟﻠﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ
➢ ﺣﻲﻛﺜﻴﻒ ﻣﻊ ﻭﻇﺎﺉﻒ ﺣﻀﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻄﺔ.
➢ ﺇﺳﻜﺎﻥﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ.
➢ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡﻧﻘﻞ ﻣﺒﺘﻜﺮ.
.6ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺉﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺉﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ
ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ
ﺗﻢﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ "ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ" ﻓﻲ ﺗﻮﺑﻨﻐﻦ ﺑﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻊ 200-150ﻧﺴﻤﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ .ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺎﻛﻞ
ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺮﻳﺔﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺉﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ
ﻏﻴﺮﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﺬﺓ ،ﻣﺜﻞ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻀﺎﻧﺎﺕ
ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ
ﺗﻢﺇﻧﺸﺎء 2500ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻲ ،ﻣﻌﻈﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻫﻠﺔ ) ٪50ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ٪20 ،
ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ٪20،ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ٪10 ،ﺗﺠﺎﺭ ﺗﺠﺰﺉﺔ( .ﻣﻜﻦّ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺑﻴﻊ ﻃﺮﻭﺩ
ﻣﻄﻮﺭﺓﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺗﻮﺑﻨﻐﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ.
ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﺭ
ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺉﻒ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻄﺔ ﺭﺣﻼﺕ ﺃﻗﻞ -ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﻮﻕ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻓﻴﻬﻴﺔ .ﻧﻈﺮﺍً ﻟﻤﻔﻬﻮﻡ "
ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔﺍﻟﻤﺪﻣﺠﺔ" ،ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻼﺕ ﺃﻗﺼﺮ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً .ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺒﻌﺎﺛﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔﻭﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﻭﻳﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺃﻣﺎﻧﺎً.
ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ
ﻓﻲﺗﻮﺑﻨﻐﻦ ،ﻻ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻧﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﺭ ﻭﻭﺳﺎﺉﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ،
ﻭﻟﻜﻦﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻓﺮﺓ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ .ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ "ﺍﻟﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻲ" ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺯﻝ
ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔﺍﻻﻧﺒﻌﺎﺛﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺒﻌﺎﺛﺎﺕ.
.7ﻣﺒﺘﻜﺮ
ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ
7.4ﻋﺎﻡ
ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺻﻼﺕ
ﺑﺎﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ،ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻓﻲ "ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻃﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ" ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻬﺞ ﻟﺘﺠﻨﺐ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﺭ ،ﺣﻴﺚ ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎﺟﻞ ،
ﻭﺗﺤﻮﻳﻠﻬﺎﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﺳﺎﺉﻞ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﻭﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻻ ﻣﻔﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﺭ ﺍﻵﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎءﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺉﻴﺔ.
ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ... ﺑﺪﺍﺉﻞﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺰﻳﺞﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺉﻒ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺮﻳﺔ
ﻛﻌﺪﺩﺍﻟﺮﻛﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ)ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻲ :ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ ، ﺭﺣﻼﺕﺃﻗﻞ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﻮﻕ
ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ)ﻣﺮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ( ﺃﻭ ﻭﺷﻮﺍﺭﻉﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺻﻔﺔ ، ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔﺍﻟﺘﺮﻓﻴﻬﻴﺔ .ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻊ ﺩﺍﻋﻴﺎ
ﻋﻠﻰﺍﻷﻗﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺣﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺑﺮ ؛ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﻭﺭﺍﻛﺒﻲ ﻟﺘﻮﺭﻳﺪﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺉﻒ.
ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ)ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ(. ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺟﺎﺕ:ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻛﺜﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺃﻧﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺎﻛﻞﺍﻟﺤﻀﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﻔﺔ
ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ - ﻣﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕﺩﺭﺍﺟﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﻄﻌﺔ ،
ﻗﻮﺓﻭﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﺮﺍﻓﻖﻭﻗﻮﻑ ﺩﺭﺍﺟﺎﺕ ،ﻧﻘﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕﻗﺼﻴﺮﺓ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﻲ
ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﺑﻴﺉﻲ ﻭﺳﺎﺉﻂﻧﻘﻞ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ( .ﺇﻣﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺗﺆﺩﻱﺍﻟﻰ
ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕﺍﻟﻤﻮﻓﺮﺓ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻋﺎﻡﺟﺬﺍﺑﺔ )ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ،ﻭﺗﻴﺮﺓ ﺃﻃﻮﺍﻝﺍﻟﺮﺣﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﺮ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ
ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ ،ﻭﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻮﺛﻮﻗﻴﺔ ، ﻗﺪﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ.
ﺍﻧﺒﻌﺎﺛﺎﺕﻣﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻗﻞ ﺗﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﺣﺔ( .ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺇﻣﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ
ﻟﻴﺲﻓﻘﻂ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻞ ﺑﻤﺤﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ
ﻟﻠﻌﻴﺶ. ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻒﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻬﺪﺉﺔ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ
ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﺭﺃﻭ ﺇﻏﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ
ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﺭﺍﻵﻟﻴﺔ.
7.5
"38٪ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ
ﻣﻦ
ﺧﺎﻟﻴﺔﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ
ﻳﺼﺮﻑ" ﺍﻷﺳﺮ
ﻣﺴﺘﺪﺍﻡ
ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺮﺍﻥ
ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺩ
36٪
34٪
ﺃﻟﻤﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕﺃﻗﻞ ﻓﻲ "ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ"
ﺗﻮﺑﻨﻐﻦ ﻋﺪﺩﻣﺎﻟﻜﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ً
)ﻣﺪﻥ*( ﺑﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔﺗﻮﺑﻨﻐﻦ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ
ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡﻟﻠﻤﺪﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ.
"220ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ
ﻳﺼﺮﻑ"
408ﺃﻟﻤﺎﻧﻴﺎ .8ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ
ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻨﻨﺔ
)ﻣﺪﻥ( )ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﻜﻞ 1000ﻧﺴﻤﺔ(
493ﺗﻮﺑﻨﻐﻦ
ﺣﺼﺔﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺪﺍﻡ
ﻋﻠﻰﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻀﺎﺭﻳﺲ ﺗﻮﺑﻨﻐﻦ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﺴﻄﺤﺔ ،ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺎً ﺑﻨﺼﻴﺐ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻲ ﻭﺭﻛﻮﺏ
ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺟﺎﺕﻛﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻞ .ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ ،ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻼﻓﺖ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺪﺩ "ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻃﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ" ﻳﻔﻮﻕ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺭﻛﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺟﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ.
ﺣﺼﺔﺭﻛﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺟﺎﺕ )ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻼﺕ(
ﺃﻟﻤﺎﻧﻴﺎ)ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻥ(٪13 :
ﺗﻮﺑﻨﻐﻦ٪20:
"ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ"٪24 :
21 21
26 27
53
40
16
20
31