PNTC COLLEGES

Zone III, Lt. Cantimbuhan St. Poblacion, Dasmariñas City

ACTIVITY SHEET
Name Rafil, Angerico Year and Section MT NPBST 31 B3
Course Code NAV 305B Course Title Operational Use of RADAR/ARPA
Module Number Content Topic ARPA
Teacher 2/O Patrick Mark M. Del Rosario, Date October 4, 2022

PART 1. EVALUATE
Would you rely on the equipment onboard the vessel especially the ARPA in case of zero visibility?
Yes, I would you rely on the equipment onboard vessel especially the ARPA in case of zero visibility
additional with the proper look out and all available means on board vessel for double safety of voyage.
First, I would rely on ARPA because it has capabilities of tracking targets much faster and requires less
plotting interval so in restricted visibility it is important also vectors are displayed and constantly updated,
so the situation is graphically displayed with the latest information. Full details regarding each target being
plotted can be displayed on command and those history of each target’s movement can be graphically
displayed so we are aware or have information to avoid those targets. ARPA also automatically acquires
targets for tracking, which otherwise might have been missed by the officer of the watch because of zero
visibility. ARPA provides a warning in the event of collision risk, loss of target, target entering a guard zone,
etc. that is important in case of zero or restricted visibility. Lastly like what I’ve said for additional which is
the most important is the strong proper look out because not all things can be display on our equipment on
board especially on zero visibility and also on our equipment on board it has an delay or sometimes it’s not
accurate and also we can use all available means on board vessel for example the light signal which can help
us to identify our vessel.

How does the Echo Principle work?

An Echo Sounder is a sort of SONAR (Sound Navigation and Ranging) instrument that uses sound pulses to
estimate the depth of water. One of the threats that a ship faces is running aground. A vessel's location is
often determined using GPS, Radar, Decca, Loran, or optical bearings. The depth of water is verified via the
echo sounder on a regular basis to ensure that the depth acquired matches the depth shown on the chart.
However, whether entering a port, crossing a bar, at the mouth of a river, or in a poorly charted region, the
under-keel clearance and depth of water must be understood. In such cases, the echo sounder comes in
helpful. It operates by sending sound waves from the ship's bottom and then measuring the time it takes for
the echo to return from the water. The time will be proportional to the distance covered if the velocity of
sound in water is known. Echo sounding is based on the principle that water is an excellent medium for the
transmission of sound waves and that a sound pulse will bounce off a reflecting layer, returning to its source
as an echo. Echo sounding is based on the principle that water is an excellent medium for the transmission
of sound waves and that a sound pulse will bounce off a reflecting layer, returning to its source as an echo.

Form No. BPM2-CME 20 F-010

Rev.00
 PNTC COLLEGES
Zone III, Lt. Cantimbuhan St. Poblacion, Dasmariñas City

PART 2. EXTEND

Form No. BPM2-CME 20 F-010

Rev.00