BUSBAR PROTECTION

Date: 10-03-07

B.Sridhar
Sr.Engineer
CT CORES

❖ CORE 1 → BUS BAR CHECK ZONE

❖ CORE 2 → BUS BAR MAIN ZONE
❖ CORE 3 → METERING
❖ CORE 4 → MAIN I LINE PROTECTION
❖ CORE 5 → LBB & MAIN II LINE
PROTECTION
NEED FOR BUS BAR PROTECTION

➢ In Absence Of BUSBAR Protection,

Fault Clearance takes place
in Zone II of Distance Relay by
Remote End Tripping

➢ This Means Slow & Unselective Tripping

and wide spread blackout
NEED FOR BUS BAR PROTECTION

➢ Minimizing damage at fault location

➢ Maintaining system stability

➢ Localizing isolation to avoid wide

spread disruption

➢ Delayed clearance create shock to inter

connected equipment like Generator shaft
and windings of Transformer
 Requirements
High speed(less than 3 cycles)
Stability for external faults
Discrimination between fault in it’s
protected section & fault in elsewhere.
No operation due to CT saturation or
power swing.
Continued…

Main & Check protection to assure

the disconnection only when
desirable, for reliable operation
Separate control of trip circuit of
each circuit breaker.
 Bus Bar Protection

Ckt-1
Ckt-2
R
Y
B
N

87 Check Zone
87
Main Zone
R
Y
B
TYPES OF BUS BAR PROTECTION

▪ High Impedance
▪ Low Impedance

Both use Circulating Current Differential

Principle - To isolate the entire bus bar section
by disconnecting all the feeders connected to
the bus.
CIRCULATING CURRENT DIFF.PROTN.
CURRENT DISTRIBUTION FOR BUS FAULT

BUS FAULT

A B C D
DIFF.
S1 RELAY
P1 - - - -
1000/ 1 0.25A 0.45A 0.3A 0.5A 87
P2 + + + +
S2
1.5A
250A 450A 300A 500A

RELAY CURRENT = 0.25 + 0.45 + 0.3 + 0.5 = 1.5 A

ALL C.Ts HAVE IDENTICAL POLARITY

CIRCULATING CURRENT DIFF.PROTN.
CURRENT DISTRIBUTION FOR EXTERNAL FAULT

A B C D
DIFF.
S1 RELAY
P1 - - - -
1000/ 1 0.25A 0.45A 0.3A 1A 87
P2 + + + +
S2
1000A
250A 450A 300A
 Bus Tripping scheme

Trip Bus-I
+ -
96

Main Zone-1 Check Zone

Trip Bus-II -
96

Main Zone-2 Check Zone

High impedance differential protection

In high impedance type relatively high

impedance is connected in series in the
differential circuit.
It has been designed with filter circuits,
which will attenuate the DC component.
This set up is found to be in operative
even for the most extreme CT saturation.
High impedance unbiased differential
protection is used for the protection of
bus bar Eg. CAG34., PBDCB,RADHA
 CT Requirements
The saturation voltage of the involved CT’s
must be at least twice the selected operate
value of the relay & all CT’s must have
identical turns ratio.
Non-linear resistors are used at the CT
summation point in each phase for limitation
of high peak voltages during internal faults.
It is to be ensured that the CT’s & current
circuits of the bus bar protections are
correctly connected.
 Principle of operation
Bus bar

CB CB CB CB Rm Rh Rs
Relay

CT

Rm-metro soil resistor

Rh-high impedance resistor
Rs-stabilizing resistor
Continued…

All the incoming & outgoing feeder CT’s

are paralleled each other.
A high resistance is connected in series
with the relay to reduce spill currents
produced by CT saturation.
Continued….

During fault on Bus bar the balance is

disturbed. The out of balance current
flows through High Impedance
Resistor (Zh) causing voltage drop
(Vzh) across the resistor.
When the voltage drop will increase
more than set value the relay
operates
 Limitations
Basic operating Need for dedicated cores.
Identical CT ratio, magnetizing
impedances.
Auxiliary CT’s for ratio correction
unacceptable.
Puts stringent requirements on CT’s.
time excluding relay time is 15 –20 ms.
 Percentage biased differential
protection
• The biased Differential is basically a Low
Impedance differential protection.

• It has less limitations on CT requirements.

• The Fault current is obtained by means of
diodes which route all the secondary
currents through the bias circuit
 Principle of operation

CB CB

CT CT
Advantages of percentage
biased differential relay
Free of any need for matched CT
characteristic or ratios, low leakage
reactance or resistance.
Other protective relays can be
included in protective circuit.
Stable for even infinite fault level
Insensitive to CT saturation
Detects fault within 1-2 ms and
initiates tripping within 5-7 ms
• End of Slide Bus Bar Protection
Breaker failure relay (LBB)

LOCAL BREAKER BACK UP (LBB) RELAY

OR
STRUCK BREAKER PROTECTION

OR

BREAKER FAILURE RELAY (BFR)

NEED FOR LBB

Duplication in EHV System

TWO Main Protections

TWO Trip Coils
TWO Battery Source
TWO PLCC

The Operating Mechanism of the Breaker (CB)

is NOT Duplicated
FEATURES OF LBB

Remote And Local Back Up

Provides Local Isolation when a Breaker is

struck on Fault

Comparatively Faster Clearance is possible

than Remote Back Up

Avoids Wide Spread Interruption and

enables Fast Restoration
 SCOPE OF LBB

• In the event of any CB failing to TRIP on

receipt of trip command , all CBs connected
to the Bus Section to which the faulty CB is
connected are required to be tripped with
minimum possible delay through →
LBB protection

• This protection also provides coverage for

faults between CB. and CT, which are not
cleared by other protections
 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF LBB RELAY

yes
Main / BB Initiate Fault yes Reset Lbb
prot.opt ? Bkr trip Cleared? relay
No No
I>0.2A ? yes

Trip
Normal Initiate fault
Backup
operation Lbb relay Clearance Td
Breakers
200 ms
 Operation of LBB relay
Operation of the LBB relay depends on
the time taken by breaker to operate .
If any protection operates the command
signal goes to the trip coil of the CB ,at
the same time it goes to the LBB relay
via timer
If the timer on delay elapses then LBB
relay operates and isolate the protected
circuit from the fault through remaining
consecutive breaker.
Continued..
Setting of the timer is 200 ms. It should
be more than the main breaker
operating time + reset time of fault
detector relay so that backup breaker
should not operate.
The presence of the current through CT
for the LBB relay , is detected by over
current relay for identification of fault.
SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS

The relay is separate for each CB and is to

be connected in the secondary circuit of
the CTs associated with that particular CB.

This CT secondary may be a separate core,

if available. Otherwise it shall be clubbed
with Main I [OR] Main II protection core
LBB TRIP ARRANGEMENT

• For line CBs, direct tripping of remote end

breakers should be arranged on operation of
LBB protection (Transmission of Direct Trip
Signal through PLCC)

• For transformer breakers, direct tripping of

breakers on the other side of the transformer
should be arranged on operation of LBB
protection
LBB TRIP ARRANGEMENT

In addition to other fault sensing relays, the

LBB Relay should be initiated by Busbar
Protection, since failure of CB to clear a bus
fault would result in the loss of entire station
if LBB is not initiated.
 N’MANGALA KOLAR NELAMANGALA-I NELAMANGALA-II SALEM HLTC
FUTURE FUTURE FUTURE FUTUR
63 MVAR 50 MVAR E
Shunt Shunt
Reactor Reactor
BHEL Make BHEL Make
with NGR

1289R
with NGR

1089R
Future
NELAMANGALA KOLAR NELAMANGALA I&II SALEM BAY
1289L 1089L 789L 489L
1189B 1189A 889B 889A 589B 589A
1152 852 552
AEG Areva BHEL

1289A 1089A 789A 689A 489A

1252 1052 752 652 452

352
ABB AEG Areva Areva BHEL

1289 1089 989 789 689 689 489

400 KV BUS-II

400 KV BUS -I
1389 1589 1689 1889

1552 1652 1852

ABB AEG ABB

1589A 1689A 1889A

1489B 1489A 1789B 1789A

1452 1752
NGEF AEG 1889R

400 KV TRANSFER BUS

63 MVAR
1589LS 1689LS Bus Reactor

BHEL Make

FUTURE
1589L AT# II Spare Unit AT# I 1689L
BUS
Autotransformer-II
3x167 MVA CGL
Unit-7 Unit-6 Unit-5 Unit-4 Unit-3 Unit-2 Unit-1 Autotransformer-I
4x167 MVA BHEL
Reactor

33 KV BUS TO FORM
TERRITIARY DELTA 1MVA 33/0.433KV

L289L L189L TRANSFORMER

L289LS L189LS

220 KV TRANSFER BUS

L289D L189D

L252 L152
L289F CGL L189F NGEF

L289C L189C
Thank You