GROUP 67 - Aero Con Aislamiento - CAPS 2 (Revised)

TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES
1338 Arlegui St., Quiapo, Manila
College of Engineering
Department of Civil Engineering
A Capstone Design (CE 441 CE Design Project 2)

Presented to the Faculty of Civil Engineering
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for The Degree of

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
A Design of 4-Storey Integrated Airport with Isolation Facility Adopting

Photovoltaic Glass, and Ceramic Barrier
“AERO CON AISLAMIENTO”
GULLO, JOY ANN F.

RAMIREZ, MARVIN R.
SAKAMOTO, AKINA S.
June 2022
i
Approval Sheet
The design project entitled “A Design of 4-Storey Integrated Airport with Isolation Facility
Adopting Photovoltaic Glass and Ceramic Barrier: Aero Con Aislamiento” prepared by
Gullo, Joy-Ann F., Ramirez, Marvin R., and Sakamoto, Akina S. of the Civil Engineering
Department was examined and evaluated by the members of the Student Design Evaluation
Panel and is hereby recommended for approval.
Engr. Jexter Tuazon Engr. Joevannie Emmanuel Lumagas

Capstone 2 Adviser Capstone 2 Coordinator
Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a final grade of ______.
Engr. Rolls Grant Vasquez

Lead Panelist
Panelist, Engr. Kay Guanlao Panelist, Engr. Rhonalyn B. Florido
Dr. Gerardo C. Malab

CE Chairperson, Department of Civil Engineering
Dr. Marianne L. Yumul EE, Asean Engr

Dean, College of Engineering and Architecture
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Approval Sheet…………………………………………………………………………………….i
Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………………………ii
List of Figures…………………………………………………………………………………...vi
List of Tables……………………………………………………………………………………xiv
Chapter 1: Introduction ............................................................................................................... 2

• 1.1 The Project Background............................................................................................... 2
• 1.2 Location Map ............................................................................................................. 10
• 1.3 The Client................................................................................................................... 11
• 1.4 Project Objectives ...................................................................................................... 12
• 1.5 Project Scope And Limitation .................................................................................... 13
Chapter 2: Design Inputs ........................................................................................................... 16

• 2.1 Architectural Drawings .............................................................................................. 16
• 2.2 Structural Schematic Plan .......................................................................................... 39
• 2.3 Table Of Initial Members........................................................................................... 48
Chapter 3: Pre Design Analysis ................................................................................................. 80

• 3.1 Design Criteria ......................................................................................................... 80
3.1.1 Codes, Standards And References ................................................................................ 80

3.1.2 Computer Software Programs ...................................................................................... 82
3.1.3 Materials And Specification ......................................................................................... 84
3.1.4. Design Loads ............................................................................................................... 87
3.1.4.1 Dead Load .............................................................................................................. 87
3.1.4.2 Superimposed Dead Load ...................................................................................... 89
3.1.4.3 Live Load ............................................................................................................... 91
3.1.4.4 Earthquake Load .................................................................................................... 94
3.1.5 Load Combination ........................................................................................................ 99
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• 3.2 Mathematical Analysis Model .............................................................................. 101
3.2.1 3d Geometric Model ................................................................................................... 102

3.2.2 Base Support Connections Model Structural.............................................................. 103
3.2.3 Framing Plans On Model ............................................................................................ 104
3.2.4 Elevation Views On Model ........................................................................................ 108
3.2.5 Material Property Assignment Inputs ......................................................................... 124
3.2.6 Frame Section Property Inputs (Sample Inputs For Beams, Slabs, Columns) ........... 126
3.2.7 Stiffness Modifier Factors Inputs (Beams, Slabs, Columns) ...................................... 129
3.2.8 Assignment Of Release/Partial Fixity For Frame Members ...................................... 131
3.2.9 Other Analysis Inputs (Diaphragms, Mass Source, P Delta, Etc.) ............................. 178
• 3.3 Load Computation ................................................................................................. 185
3.3.1 Dead Load By Self-Weight Manual ........................................................................... 185

3.3.2 Dead Load By Self-Weight Computer Generated Calculation .................................. 203
3.3.3 Superimposed Dead Loads ......................................................................................... 204
3.3.4 Superimposed Dead Load Application Model ........................................................... 207
3.3.5 Live Load Application On Model .............................................................................. 211
3.3.6 Seismic Analysis......................................................................................................... 215
3.3.6a Manual Seismic Base Shear Calculation............................................................... 216
3.3.6b Computer Generated Seismic Base Shear Calculation ......................................... 223
3.3.7 Wind Analysis ............................................................................................................ 229
3.3.7a Manual Wind Calculation ..................................................................................... 231
3.3.7b Computer Generated Wind Calculation ................................................................ 237
• 3.4 Geotechnical Analysis ............................................................................................ 248
3.4.1 Soil Report .................................................................................................................. 248

3.4.2 Soil Bearing Capacity ................................................................................................. 252
3.4.3 Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 252
• 3.5 Design Development Flowchart ............................................................................ 253
• 3.6 Frame Analysis ....................................................................................................... 266
3.6.1 Irregularity Check ....................................................................................................... 266

3.6.1.1 Dynamic Analysis ................................................................................................ 278
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3.6.1.1.2 Load Combination ............................................................................................ 279

3.6.1.1.3 Response-Spectrum Analysis-Rcd .................................................................... 289
3.6.1.1.4 Response-Spectrum Analysis-Structural Steel ................................................. 302
3.6.2 Modal Analysis ........................................................................................................... 289
3.6.3 Design Flow Chart Reinforced Concrete Design (USD) And Structural Steel Design
(Lrfd And Asd) .................................................................................................................... 308
• 3.7 Reinforced Concrete Design (USD) ...................................................................... 317
3.7.1 Slab ............................................................................................................................. 317

3.7.1a Design Flow Chart For Slab By Ultimate Design Method (USD)........................ 317
3.7.1b Design Calculation ................................................................................................ 319
3.7.2 Beams ......................................................................................................................... 326
3.7.2a Design Flow Chart For Reinforced Concrete Design Beams By Ultimate Design
Method (USD) ............................................................................................................... 326
3.7.3 Column .................................................................................................................. 352
3.7.3a Design Flow Chart For Reinforced Concrete Design Columns By Ultimate Design
Method (USD) ................................................................................................................. 352
• 3.8 Structural Steel Design (ASD) .............................................................................. 367
3.8.1 Beams ......................................................................................................................... 367

3.8.1a Design Flow Chart For Steel Beams By Allowable Design Method (ASD) ........ 367
3.8.2 Columns ...................................................................................................................... 380
3.8.2a Design Flow Chart For Columns Beams By Allowable Design Method (ASD) .. 380
• 3.9 Structural Steel Design (LRFD) ........................................................................... 392
3.9.1 Beams ......................................................................................................................... 382

3.9.1a Design Flow Chart For Steel Beams By Load And Resistance Factor Design
(LRFD) ............................................................................................................................. 392
3.9.1.B Design Calculation .............................................................................................. 395
3.9.2 Columns ...................................................................................................................... 405
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3.9.2.A Design Flow Chart For Columns Beams By Load And Resistance Factor Design
(LRFD) ............................................................................................................................. 405
• 3.10 Shear Wall Design ................................................................................................ 417
• 3.11 Foundation Design (USD) .................................................................................... 430
3.11.1 Design Flow Chart For Foundation .......................................................................... 430

3.11.2 Mathematical Analysis Model .................................................................................. 431
3.11.2a Geometrical Model.............................................................................................. 431
3.11.2b Material Property Assignment Inputs ................................................................. 434
3.11.2c Shell Section Properties ...................................................................................... 436
3.11.3 Mathematical Analysis Model .................................................................................. 438
3.11.4 Bearing Pressure Check By Gravity Loads .............................................................. 446
3.11.5 Bearing Pressure Check By Transient Loads ........................................................... 448
3.11.6 Footing Design Results............................................................................................. 450
• 3.12 Serviceability Check ............................................................................................ 454
3.12.1 Drift Check ............................................................................................................... 454

3.12.1a Reinforced Concrete Design ............................................................................... 454
3.12.1b Steel Design (ASD)............................................................................................. 457
3.12.1c Steel Design (LRFD)........................................................................................... 459
3.12.2 Deflection Check ...................................................................................................... 461
3.12.2a Reinforced Concrete Design ............................................................................... 461
3.12.2b Steel Design-ASD ............................................................................................... 467
3.12.2c Steel Design-LR .................................................................................................. 470
Chapter 4: Constraint, Standards And Trade-Offs............................................................... 474
• 4.1 Innovation ............................................................................................................... 474
• 4.2 Design Constraints ................................................................................................. 478
4.2a Strength Check............................................................................................................. 478

4.2b Serviceability Check .................................................................................................... 481
4.2c Economic Cost ............................................................................................................. 483
4.2d Sustainability ............................................................................................................... 485
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4.2e Others ........................................................................................................................... 487

• 4.3 Codes, Standards And Specification For Constraints ........................................ 489
• 4.4 Design Tradeoffs .................................................................................................... 492
4.4.1 Sensitivity Analysis ................................................................................................ 492

• 4.5 Overall Winning Design ........................................................................................ 496
Chapter 5: Final Design............................................................................................................ 498

• 5.1 Final Seismic Analysis ............................................................................................. 498
5.1.1 Computer Generated Seismic Base Shear Calculation ............................................... 498

5.1.2 Response Spectrum Analysis...................................................................................... 503
5.1.3 Dynamic Analysis....................................................................................................... 506
• 5.2 Final Structural Design Drawings ............................................................................ 509
5.2.1 Final Structural Plan ................................................................................................... 509

Appendices ................................................................................................................................. 521
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1 Photovoltaic Glass........................................................................................................ 3

Figure 1.2 Ceramic Barrier ........................................................................................................... 5
Figure 1.3 Hazard Map .................................................................................................................. 6
Figure 1.4 Project Location ......................................................................................................... 10
Figure 2.1 3D Perspective ............................................................................................................ 16
Figure 2.2 Vicinity Map ............................................................................................................... 21
Figure 2.3 Site Development Plan................................................................................................ 22
Figure 2.4 Location of Fault Line ................................................................................................ 23
Figure 2.5 Ground Floor Plan ..................................................................................................... 24
Figure 2.6 Second Floor Plan ...................................................................................................... 25
Figure 2.7 Third Floor Plan......................................................................................................... 26
Figure 2.8 Fourth Floor Plan ...................................................................................................... 27
Figure 2.9 Roof Deck Plan ........................................................................................................... 28
Figure 2.10 Front Elevation ......................................................................................................... 29
Figure 2.11 Rear Elevation .......................................................................................................... 30
Figure 2.12 Right Side Elevation ................................................................................................. 31
Figure 2.14 Cross Section ............................................................................................................ 33
Figure 2.15 Longitudinal Section ................................................................................................. 34
Figure 2.16 Section View for Elevator ......................................................................................... 35
Figure 2.17 Ground Floor Plan with Passenger Flow Diagram ................................................. 36
Figure 2.18 Second Floor Plan with Passenger Flow Diagram .................................................. 37
Figure 2.19 Foundation Plan ....................................................................................................... 39
Figure 2.20 Structural Schematic Framing Plan for Second to Third Floor ............................... 40
Figure 2.21 Structural Schematic Framing Plan for Fourth Floor ............................................. 41
Figure 2.22 Structural Schematic Framing Plan for Roof Deck.................................................. 42
Figure 2.23 Steel Framing Plan for Second to Third Floor......................................................... 43
Figure 2.24 Steel Framing Plan for Fourth Floor ....................................................................... 44
Figure 2.25 Steel Framing Plan for Roof Deck ........................................................................... 45
Figure 3.1 Referenced Seismic Map of the Philippines ............................................................... 95
Figure 3.2Basic Wind Speed for Occupancy Category II, IV, and V Building and Other Structure
....................................................................................................................................................... 98
Figure. 3.3 3D Geometric Model from ETABS .......................................................................... 102
Figure. 3.4 Base Support Connection Model Structural ............................................................ 103
Figure. 3.5 Second Floor to Third Floor Framing Plan on Model from ETABS 2016.............. 104
Figure. 3.6 Fourth Floor Framing Plan on Model from ETABS 2016 ...................................... 105
Figure. 3.7 Roof Deck Framing Plan on Model from ETABS 2016........................................... 106
Figure. 3.8 Roof Gate Framing Plan on Model from ETABS 2016 ........................................... 107
Figure. 3.9 Elevation Views Along G1-A ................................................................................... 108
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Figure. 3.10 Elevation Views Along G1-B ................................................................................. 108

Figure. 3.11 Elevation Views Along G1-C ................................................................................. 109
Figure. 3.12 Elevation Views Along G1-D................................................................................. 109
Figure. 3.13 Elevation Views Along G1-E ................................................................................. 110
Figure. 3.14 Elevation Views Along G1-F ................................................................................. 110
Figure. 3.15 Elevation Views Along G1-G................................................................................. 111
Figure. 3.16 Elevation Views Along G1-H................................................................................. 111
Figure. 3.17 Elevation Views Along G1-I .................................................................................. 112
Figure. 3.18 Elevation Views Along G1-J .................................................................................. 112
Figure. 3.19 Elevation Views Along G1-K ................................................................................. 113
Figure. 3.20 Elevation Views Along G1-L ................................................................................. 113
Figure. 3.21 Elevation Views Along G1-M ................................................................................ 114
Figure. 3.22 Elevation Views Along G1-N ................................................................................. 114
Figure. 3.23 Elevation Views Along G1-O................................................................................. 115
Figure. 3.24 Elevation Views Along G1-P ................................................................................. 115
Figure. 3.25 Elevation Views Along G1-Q................................................................................. 116
Figure. 3.26 Elevation Views Along G1-R ................................................................................. 116
Figure. 3.27 Elevation Views Along G1-1.................................................................................. 117
Figure. 3.36 Elevation Views Along G1-10................................................................................ 121
Figure. 3.39 Elevation Views Along Right ................................................................................. 123
Figure. 3.40 Material Property Design Data of Concrete ......................................................... 123
Figure. 3.41 Material Property Design Data of Steel (Grade 60) ............................................. 125
Figure. 3.42 Beam Property Data .............................................................................................. 126
Figure. 3.43 Column Property Data .......................................................................................... 127
Figure. 3.44 Slab Property Data of OS120 ................................................................................ 128
Figure. 3.45 Property/Stiffness Modification Factors of Beam ..................................................... 129
Figure. 3.46 Property/Stiffness Modification Factors of Column .............................................. 129
Figure. 3.47 Property/Stiffness Modification Factors of Slab (OS120) ..................................... 130
Figure. 3.48 Assignment of Release/Partial Fixity on Both Ends of The Members ................... 131
Figure. 3.49 Assignment of Release/Partial Fixity for Second Floor ........................................ 132
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Figure. 3.50 Assignment of Release/Partial Fixity for Third Floor ........................................... 133
Figure. 3.51 Assignment of Release/Partial Fixity for Fourth Floor......................................... 134
Figure. 3.52 Assignment of Release/Partial Fixity for Roof Deck ............................................. 135
Figure. 3.53 Assignment of Release/Partial Fixity for Roof ...................................................... 136
Figure. 3.54 Diaphragms Data of Second Floor ....................................................................... 137
Figure. 3.55 Diaphragms Data of Third Floor .......................................................................... 138
Figure. 3.56 Diaphragms Data of Fourth Floor ........................................................................ 139
Figure. 3.57 Diaphragms Data of Roof Deck ............................................................................ 140
Figure. 3.58 Diaphragms Data of Roof...................................................................................... 141
Figure. 3.59 Mass Source Data.................................................................................................. 142
Figure. 3.60 P Delta ................................................................................................................... 144
Figure. 3.613D Geometric Model from ETABS 2016 ................................................................ 146
Figure. 3.62 Base Support Connection Model Structural .......................................................... 147
Figure. 3.63 Second Floor to Third Floor Framing Plan on Model from ETABS 2016............ 148
Figure. 3.64 Fourth Floor Framing Plan on Model from ETABS 2016 .................................... 149
Figure. 3.65 Roof Deck Plan on Model from ETABS 2016...................................................... 150
Figure. 3.66 Roof Floor Plan on Model from ETABS 2016 ..................................................... 151
Figure. 3.67 Elevation Views Along G1-A ................................................................................. 152
Figure. 3.68 Elevation Views Along G1-B ................................................................................. 152
Figure. 3.69 Elevation Views Along G1-C ................................................................................. 153
Figure. 3.70 Elevation Views Along G1-D................................................................................. 153
Figure. 3.71 Elevation Views Along G1-E ................................................................................. 154
Figure. 3.72 Elevation Views Along G1-F ................................................................................. 154
Figure. 3.73 Elevation Views Along G1-G................................................................................. 155
Figure. 3.74 Elevation Views Along G1-H................................................................................. 155
Figure. 3.75 Elevation Views Along G1-I .................................................................................. 156
Figure. 3.76 Elevation Views Along G1-J .................................................................................. 156
Figure. 3.77 Elevation Views Along G1-K ................................................................................. 157
Figure. 3.78 Elevation Views Along G1-L ................................................................................. 157
Figure. 3.79 Elevation Views Along G1-M ................................................................................ 158
Figure. 3.80 Elevation Views Along G1-N ................................................................................. 158
Figure. 3.81 Elevation Views Along G1-O................................................................................. 159
Figure. 3.82 Elevation Views Along G1-P ................................................................................. 159
Figure. 3.83 Elevation Views Along G1-Q................................................................................. 160
Figure. 3.84 Elevation Views Along G1-R ................................................................................. 160
Figure. 3.86 Elevation Views Along G1-.................................................................................... 161
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Figure. 3.97 Elevation Views Along Right ................................................................................. 167
Figure. 3.98 Material Property Design Data of Steel ................................................................ 168
Figure. 3.99 Main Beam Property Data ........................................................................................... 169
Figure. 3.100 Column Property Data ........................................................................................ 169
Figure. 3.101 Slab Property Data .............................................................................................. 170
Figure. 3.102 Property/Stiffness Modification Factors of Beam ............................................... 171
Figure. 3.103 Property/Stiffness Modification Factors of Column ............................................ 172
Figure. 3.104 Property/Stiffness Modification Factors of Slab ................................................. 173
Figure. 3.105 Assignment of Release/Partial Fixity on Both Ends of The Members ................. 174
Figure. 3.106 Assignment of Release/Partial Fixity for Second to Third Floor ........................ 175
Figure. 3.107 Assignment of Release/Partial Fixity for Fourth Floor....................................... 176
Figure. 3.108 Assignment of Release/Partial Fixity for Roof De............................................... 177
Figure. 3.109 Diaphragms Data of Second to Third Floor ....................................................... 178
Figure. 3.110 Diaphragms Data of Fourth Floor ...................................................................... 179
Figure. 3.111 Diaphragms Data of Fourth Floor ...................................................................... 180
Figure. 3.112 Diaphragms Data of Roof Deck .......................................................................... 181
Figure. 3.113 Diaphragms Data of Roof .................................................................................... 182
Figure. 3.114 Mass Source Data ................................................................................................ 183
Figure. 3.115 P Delta ................................................................................................................. 184
Figure 3.116 Superimposed Dead Loads Located at Second to Third Floor-Manual............... 204
Figure 3.117 Superimposed Dead Loads Located at Fourth Floor-Manual ............................. 205
Figure 3.118 Superimposed Dead Loads Located at Fourth Floor-Manual ............................. 206
Figure 3.119 Superimposed Dead Load Application Model Located in Second to Third Floor 207
Figure 3.120 Superimposed Dead Load Application Model Located in Fourth Floor .............. 208
Figure 3.121 Superimposed Dead Load Application Model Located in Roof Deck .................. 209
Figure 3.122 Superimposed Dead Load Application Model Located in Roof ........................... 210
Figure 3.123 Live Load Application on Model Located in Second to Third Floor.................... 211
Figure 3.124 Live Load Application on Model Located in Fourth Floor .................................. 212
Figure 3.125 Live Load Application on Model Located in Roof Deck ...................................... 213
Figure 3.126 Live Load Application on Model Located in Roof................................................ 214
Figure 3.127 Design Flowchart for Seismic Analysis ................................................................ 215
Figure 3.128 Applied Storey Forces at X-Direction .................................................................. 225
Figure 3.129 Applied Storey Forces at Y-Direction .................................................................. 225
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Figure 3.130 Applied Storey Forces at X-Direction .................................................................. 227

Figure 3.131 Applied Storey Forces at Y-Direction .................................................................. 228
Figure 3.132 Design Flowchart for Wind Analysis.................................................................... 229
Figure 3.133 Lateral Load to Stories ......................................................................................... 238
Figure 3.134 Lateral Load to Stories ......................................................................................... 244
Figure 3.135 Design Flowchart for Column .............................................................................. 253
Figure 3.136 Design Flowchart for Slab .................................................................................. 254
Figure 3.137 Design Flowchart for Beam ................................................................................. 256
Figure 3.138 Design Flowchart for Steel Columns (LRFD And ASD) ..................................... 260
Figure 3.139 Design Flowchart for Steel Beams (LRFD And ASD) .......................................... 261
Figure 3.140 Design Flowchart for Trade off of Reinforced Concrete and Structural Steel
Design ......................................................................................................................................... 262
Figure 3.141 Design Flowchart for Mat Footing....................................................................... 263
Figure 3.142 Design Flowchart for Frame ................................................................................ 265
Figure 3.143 Elevation View for In-Plane Discontinuity ........................................................... 271
Figure 3.144 Input for Modal – Ritz Load Case Data in ETABS 2016 ...................................... 290
Figure 3.145 Mode 1 From ETABS 2016................................................................................... 290
Figure 3.148 Computer Generated Modal Direction Factors ................................................... 293
Figure 3.152 Input for Response-Spectrum Function in ETABS 2016 ...................................... 296
Figure 3.153 Input for Response-Spectrum Load Case at X-Direction ..................................... 297
Figure 3.154 Input for Response-Spectrum Load Case at Y-Direction ..................................... 297
Figure 3.155 New Input for Scale Factor at X-Direction .......................................................... 299
Figure 3.156 New Input for Scale Factor at Y-Direction .......................................................... 300
Figure 3.157 Input for Response-Spectrum Function in ETABS 2016 ...................................... 302
Figure 3.158 Input for Response-Spectrum Load Case at X-Direction ..................................... 303
Figure 3.159 Input for Response-Spectrum Load Case at Y-Direction ..................................... 303
Figure 3.160 New Input for Scale Factor at X-Direction .......................................................... 305
Figure 3.161 New Input for Scale Factor at Y-Direction .......................................................... 306
Figure 3.162 Design Flowchart for Column .............................................................................. 308
Figure 3.163 Design Flowchart for Slab .................................................................................. 309
Figure 3.164 Design Flowchart for Beam ................................................................................. 311
Figure 3.165 Design Flowchart for Steel Columns (LRFD And ASD) ..................................... 315
Figure 3.166 Design Flowchart for Steel Beams (LRFD And ASD) .......................................... 316
Figure 3.167 Design Flowchart for RCD One Way-Slab (USD) ............................................... 317
Figure 3.168 Design Flowchart for RCD Beam (USD) ............................................................. 326
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Figure 3.169 Manual Computation for Beam-185 at Second Floor (Left Support) .................. 335
Figure 3.170 Manual Computation for Beam-349 at Second Floor (Middle Support) ............. 338
Figure 3.171 Manual Computation for Beam-65 at Third Floor (Right Support) ..................... 341
Figure 3.172 Design Flowchart for RCD Column (USD) ......................................................... 352
Figure 3.173 Column C32 at Elevation View C ......................................................................... 355
Figure 3.174 Section Figure of Column C32 ............................................................................. 356
Figure 3.175 P-Mx-My Interaction Diagram of Column C-32 .................................................. 357
Figure 3.176 Column C76 at Elevation View G......................................................................... 359
Figure 3.179 Column C136 at Elevation View L ....................................................................... 363
Figure 3.182 Design Flowchart for Steel Beam (ASD) .............................................................. 367
Figure 3.183 Manual Computation for Beam-40 at Second Floor ............................................ 370
Figure 3.184 Manual Computation for Beam-367 at Second Floor .......................................... 372
Figure 3.186 Design Flowchart for Steel Column (ASD) .......................................................... 380
Figure 3.187 Manual Computation for Column-18 at Second Floor ........................................ 383
Figure 3.190 Design Flowchart for Steel Beam (LRFD) ........................................................... 392
Figure 3.194 Design Flowchart for Steel Column (LRFD) ........................................................ 405
Figure 3.195 Manual Computation for Column-75 at Second Floor (Left Support) ................. 408
Figure 3.196 Manual Computation for Column-135 at Third Floor ......................................... 410
Figure 3.197 Manual Computation for Column-59 at Second Floor......................................... 412
Figure 3.198 Shear Wall Property Data .................................................................................... 417
Figure 3.199 Shear Wall Property/Stiffness Modification Factors ............................................ 417
Figure 3.200 Rebar Selection Rules for Wall Piers ................................................................... 418
Figure 3.201 Rebar Selection Rules for Spandrels .................................................................... 418
Figure 3.202 Shear Wall Design Preferences for ACI-318-14 .................................................. 419
Figure 3.203 Shear Wall Pier Design Overwrites for ACI-318-14 ............................................ 419
Figure 3.204 Uniform Reinforcing Assignment to Pier ............................................................. 420
Figure 3.205 Display Shear Wall Design Results ...................................................................... 420
Figure 3.206 Design Flow Chart for Foundation ...................................................................... 430
Figure 3.207 3D Geometric Model-USD ................................................................................... 431
Figure 3.208 3D Geometric Model-ASD.................................................................................... 432
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Figure 3.209 3D Geometric Model-LRFD ................................................................................. 433

Figure 3.210 Rebar Intensity Area-USD .................................................................................... 438
Figure 3.211 Longitudinal Rebar Design-USD ............................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 3.212 Rebar Intensity Area-ASD .................................................................................... 439
Figure 3.213 Longitudinal Rebar Design1--ASD ...................................................................... 439
Figure 3.214 Longitudinal Rebar Design2-ASD ...........................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 3.215 Rebar Intensity Area-LRFD.................................................................................. 441
Figure 3.216 Longitudinal Rebar Design1--LRFD .......................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 3.217 Longitudinal Rebar Design1- LRFD .......................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 3.218 Punching Shear Check RCD-USD ....................................................................... 443
Figure 3.219 Punching Shear Check Steel-ASD ........................................................................ 444
Figure 3.220 Punching Shear Check Steel-LRFD ..................................................................... 445
Figure 3.221 Bearing Pressure Check by Gravity Loads RCD-USD. ....................................... 446
Figure 3.222 Bearing pressure check by gravity loads Steel-ASD ............................................ 446
Figure 3.223Bearing pressure check by gravity loads Steel-LRFD........................................... 447
Figure 3.224 Bearing Pressure Check by Transient Loads RCD-USD. .................................... 448
Figure 3.225 Bearing Pressure Check by Transient Loads Steel-ASD ...................................... 448
Figure 3.226 Bearing Pressure Check By Transient Loads Steel-LRFD................................... 449
Figure 3.227 Deflection Check at Second Floor (Beam-87)...................................................... 461
Figure 3.228 Deflection Check at Second Floor (Beam-93)...................................................... 463
Figure 3.229 Deflection Check at Third Floor (Beam-89) ........................................................ 465
Figure 3.230 Deflection Check at Second Floor (Beam-97) ...................................................... 467
Figure 3.231 Deflection Check at Second Floor (Beam-478).................................................... 468
Figure 3.232 Deflection Check at Third Floor (Beam-107) ...................................................... 469
Figure 4.1 Sample Picture of Barrier......................................................................................... 477
Figure 4.2 Strength Check Summary.......................................................................................... 480
Figure 4.3 Serviceability Check Summary ................................................................................. 482
Figure 4.4 Economic Constraint Summary ................................................................................ 484
Figure 4.5 Sustainability Constraint Summary .......................................................................... 486
Figure 4.6 Environmental Constraint Summary ........................................................................ 488
Figure 4.7 Summary of Importance Factor ................................................................................ 495
Figure 5.1 Input for Response-Spectrum Function in ETABS 2016 .......................................... 503
Figure 5.2 Input for Response-Spectrum Load Case at X-Direction ......................................... 504
Figure 5.3 Input for Response-Spectrum Load Case at Y-Direction ......................................... 504
Figure 5.4 Input for Modal – Ritz Load Case Data in ETABS 2016.......................................... 506
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Figure 5.8 General Construction Notes-1 .................................................................................. 509
Figure 5.9 General Construction Notes-2 .................................................................................. 510
Figure 5.10 Standard Details-1.................................................................................................. 511
Figure 5.11 Standard Details-2.................................................................................................. 512
Figure 5.12 Structural Framing Isometric Model ...................................................................... 513
Figure 5.13 Foundation Plan ..................................................................................................... 514
Figure 5.14 Second Floor Framing Plan ................................................................................... 515
Figure 5.15 Third Floor Framing Plan...................................................................................... 516
Figure 5.16 Fourth Floor Framing Plan ................................................................................... 517
Figure 5.17 Roof Deck Framing Plan ........................................................................................ 518
Figure 5.18 One Way Slab Detail .............................................................................................. 519
Figure 5.19 Slab Schedule.......................................................................................................... 520
Figure 5.20 Column Plan ........................................................................................................... 521
Figure 5.21 Beam Plan............................................................................................................... 522
Figure 5.22 Footing Details ....................................................................................................... 523
Figure 5.23 Shearwall Details ................................................................................................... 523
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.1 Estimated Schedule of Loads ......................................................................................... 3

Table 1.2 Estimated Energy Capacity of Photovoltaic Glass ........................................................ 4
Table 1.3 Comparison of Energy Demand and Capacity of Photovoltaic Glass ........................... 4
Table 1.4 Floor Space Factors....................................................................................................... 6
Table 1.5 Estimated Capacity in Ground Floor............................................................................. 7
Table 1.6 Estimated Capacity in Second Floor.............................................................................. 8
Table 1.7 Estimated Capacity in Third Floor ................................................................................ 8
Table 1.8 Estimated Capacity in Fourth Floor .............................................................................. 8
Table 2.1 Initial Sizes of Slab Located in Second to Third Floor ................................................ 49
Table 2.2 Initial Sizes of Slab Located in Fourth Floor............................................................... 49
Table 2.3 Initial Sizes of Slab Located in Roof Deck ................................................................... 50
Table 2.4 Initial Sizes of Girder Located in Second to Third Floor ............................................ 52
Table 2.5 Initial Sizes of Intermediate Beam Located in Second to Third Floor ......................... 53
Table 2.6 Initial Sizes of Girder Located in Fourth Floor ........................................................... 53
Table 2.7 Initial Sizes of Intermediate Beam Located in Fourth Floor ....................................... 54
Table 2.8 Initial Sizes of Girder Located in Roof Deck ............................................................... 55
Table 2.9 Initial Sizes of Intermediate Beam Located in Roof Deck............................................ 56
Table 2.10 Initial Sizes of Column Located in Roof Deck ........................................................... 59
Table 2.11 Initial Sizes of Column Located in Fourth Floor ....................................................... 59
Table 2.12 Initial Sizes of Column Located in Third Floor ......................................................... 60
Table 2.13 Initial Sizes of Column Located in Roof for Gate ...................................................... 60
Table 2.14 Initial Sizes of Column Located in Ground to Second Floor ..................................... 60
Table 2.15 Initial Sizes of Steel Column Located in Roof Deck ................................................... 67
Table 2.16 Initial Sizes of Steel Column Located in Fourth Floor .............................................. 67
Table 2.17 Initial Sizes of Steel Column Located in Third Floor ................................................ 68
Table 2.18 Initial Sizes of Steel Column Located in Roof for Gate ............................................. 68
Table 2.19 Initial Sizes of Steel Column Located in Ground to Second Floor ............................ 68
Table 2.20 Initial Sizes of Steel Beam Located in Second Floor ................................................. 72
Table 2.21 Initial Sizes of Steel Beam Located in Third Floor .................................................... 72
Table 2.22 Initial Sizes of Steel Beam Located in Fourth Floor .................................................. 73
Table 2.23 Initial Sizes of Steel Beam Located in Roof Deck ...................................................... 74
Table 2.24 Initial Sizes of Footing ............................................................................................... 77
Table 3.1 Concrete Material Properties ...................................................................................... 84
Table 3.2 Structural Steel Material Properties ............................................................................ 84
Table 3.3 Photovoltaic Glass Material Properties ...................................................................... 85
Table 3.4 Ceramic Material Properties ....................................................................................... 85
Table 3.5 Design Dead Load of Ground Floor to Fourth Floor.................................................. 87
Table 3.6Design Dead Load of Roof Deck................................................................................... 88
xv
Table 3.7 Design Dead Load of Roof for Gate ............................................................................ 88

Table 3.8 Design Superimposed Dead Load of Ground to Fourth Floor .................................... 89
Table 3.9 Design Superimposed Dead Load of Roof Deck .......................................................... 89
Table 3.10 Design Superimposed Dead Load of Roof for Gate ................................................... 90
Table 3.11 Design Live Load of Ground Floor ............................................................................ 91
Table 3.12 Design Live Load of Second Floor............................................................................. 91
Table 3.13 Design Live Load of Third Floor ............................................................................... 92
Table 3.14 Design Live Load of Fourth Floor ............................................................................. 92
Table 3.15 Design Live Load of Roof Deck ................................................................................. 93
Table 3.16 Design Live Load of Roof for Gate ............................................................................ 93
Table 3.17 Seismic Importance Factor ........................................................................................ 94
Table 3.18 Seismic Zone............................................................................................................... 94
Table 3.19 Seismic Parameters .................................................................................................... 95
Table 3.20 Wind Load Parameters ............................................................................................... 97
Table 3.21 Slab Self-Weight Located at Second to Fourth Floor .............................................. 185
Table 3.22 Slab Self-Weight Located at Fourth Floor ............................................................... 186
Table 3.23 Slab Self-Weight Located at Roof Deck ................................................................... 186
Table 3.24 Beam Self-Weight Located at Second to Fourth Floor ............................................ 187
Table 3.25 Beam Self-Weight Located at Fourth Floor ............................................................. 188
Table 3.26 Beam Self-Weight Located at Roof Deck ................................................................. 189
Table 3.27 Column Self-Weight Located at Ground to Second Floor ....................................... 190
Table 3.28 Column Self-Weight Located at Second to Third Floor ........................................... 191
Table 3.29 Column Self-Weight Located at Third to Fourth Floor ........................................... 191
Table 3.30 Column Self-Weight Located at Fourth Floor to Roof Deck ................................... 192
Table 3.31 Shear Wall Self-Weight ............................................................................................ 193
Table 3.32 Total Self-Weight of the Building ............................................................................. 194
Table 3.33 Beam Self-Weight Located at Second Floor ............................................................ 195
Table 3.34 Beam Self-Weight Located at Third Floor ............................................................... 196
Table 3.35 Beam Self-Weight Located at Fourth Floor ............................................................. 197
Table 3.36 Beam Self-Weight Located at Roof Deck ................................................................. 197
Table 3.37 Column Self-Weight Located at Ground to Second Floor ....................................... 199
Table 3.38 Column Self-Weight Located at Third Floor ........................................................... 200
Table 3.39 Column Self-Weight Located at Fourth Floor ......................................................... 200
Table 3.40 Column Self-Weight Located at Roof Deck .............................................................. 201
Table 3.41 Total Self-Weight of the Building ............................................................................. 202
Table 3.42 Computer Generated Dead Load By Self-Weight Computer Generated of Reinforced
Concrete Structure ...................................................................................................................... 203
Table 3.43 Computer Generated Dead Load By Self-Weight Computer Generated of Steel
Structure...................................................................................................................................... 203
Table 3.44 Load of the Structure – Reinforced Concrete .......................................................... 217
xvi
Table 3.45 Load of the Structure – Steel .................................................................................... 217

Table 3.46 Vertical Distribution ................................................................................................ 220
Table 3.47 Vertical Distribution ................................................................................................ 222
Table 3.48 Calculated Base Shear at X-Direction ..................................................................... 224
Table 3.49 Calculated Base Shear at Y-Direction ..................................................................... 224
Table 3.50 Calculated Base Shear at X-Direction ..................................................................... 227
Table 3.51 Calculated Base Shear at Y-Direction ..................................................................... 227
Table 3.52 Calculated Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient, Kz .......................................... 232
Table 3.53 Calculated Velocity Pressure, qz ............................................................................. 233
Table 3.54 Wall Pressure ........................................................................................................... 233
Table 3.55 Windward Wall (Positive) ........................................................................................ 234
Table 3.56 Windward Wall (Negative)....................................................................................... 234
Table 3.57 Leeward Wall (Positive)........................................................................................... 235
Table 3.58 Leeward Wall (Negative) ......................................................................................... 235
Table 3.59 Sideward Wall (Positve)........................................................................................... 236
Table 3.60 Sideward Wall (Negative) ........................................................................................ 236
Table 3.61 Soil Unit Weight ....................................................................................................... 250
Table 3.62 Soil Friction Angle ................................................................................................... 250
Table 3.63 Soil Properties in BH-1 ............................................................................................ 251
Table 3.66 Vertical Structural Irregularities ............................................................................. 266
Table 3.67 Computer Generated Stiffness Irregularity Along X-Direction ............................... 267
Table 3.68 Computer Generated Stiffness Irregularity Along Y-Direction ............................... 268
Table 3.69 Mass Irregularity Check-RCD ................................................................................. 269
Table 3.70 Mass Irregularity Check-STEEL .............................................................................. 270
Table 3.71 Horizontal Structural Irregularities ......................................................................... 273
Table 3.72 Computer Generated Torsional Irregularity Along X-Direction (Positive) ............ 274
Table 3.73 Computer Generated Torsional Irregularity Along X-Direction (Negative) ........... 274
Table 3.74 Computer Generated Torsional Irregularity Along Y-Direction (Positive) ............ 274
Table 3.75 Computer Generated Torsional Irregularity Along Y-Direction (Negative) ........... 275
Table 3.76 Load Combination for LRFD ................................................................................... 279
Table 3.77 Load Combination for ASD...................................................................................... 284
Table 3.78 Computer Generated Modal Direction Factors ....................................................... 290
Table 3.79 Modal Participating Mass Ratio .............................................................................. 292
Table 3.80 Input for Modal – Ritz Load Case Data in ETABS 2016 ......................................... 293
Table 3.81 Modal Participating Mass Ratio .............................................................................. 295
Table 3.82 Reaction of Static and Dynamic Base Shear (EQX and RSX) ................................. 298
Table 3.83 Reaction of Static and Dynamic Base Shear (EQY and RSY) .................................. 298
Table 3.84New Reaction of Static and Dynamic Base Shear (EQX and RSX) .......................... 300
xvii
Table 3.85 New Reaction of Static and Dynamic Base Shear (EQY and RSY) .......................... 301
Table 3.86 Base Reaction ........................................................................................................... 301
Table 3.87 Reaction of Static and Dynamic Base Shear (EQX and RSX) ................................. 304
Table 3.89 New Reaction of Static and Dynamic Base Shear (EQX and RSX) ......................... 306
Table 3.90 New Reaction of Static and Dynamic Base Shear (EQY and RSY) .......................... 307
Table 3.91 Base Reaction ........................................................................................................... 307
Table 3.92 Summary of One Way-Slab Design in Second Floor (USD) .................................... 323
Table 3.93 Summary of One Way-Slab Design in Third Floor (USD) ...................................... 324
Table 3.94 Summary of One Way-Slab Design in Fourth Floor (USD) .................................... 324
Table 3.95 Summary of One Way-Slab Design in Roof Deck (USD) ......................................... 342
Table 3.96 Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Reinforced Concrete Beams in Second
Floor(USD) ................................................................................................................................. 344
Table 3.97 Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Reinforced Concrete Intermediate Beams in
Second Floor (USD) .................................................................................................................. 345
Table 3.98 Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Reinforced Concrete Beams in Third Floor
(USD) .......................................................................................................................................... 346
Third Floor (USD) ...................................................................................................................... 347
Table 3.100 Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Reinforced Concrete Beams in Fourth Floor
(USD) .......................................................................................................................................... 348
Fourth Floor (USD) .................................................................................................................... 349
Table 3.102 Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Reinforced Concrete Beams in Roof Deck
(USD) .......................................................................................................................................... 350
Roof Deck (USD) ....................................................................................................................... 351
Table 3.104 Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Reinforced Concrete Beams in Roof (USD)
..................................................................................................................................................... 351
Table 3.105 General Information of Column C32 ..................................................................... 355
Table 3.106 Concrete Properties of Column C32 ...................................................................... 355
Table 3.107 Steel Properties of Column C32 ............................................................................. 356
Table 3.108 Shape and Properties of Column C32 .................................................................... 356
Table 3.109Summary of Factored Loads and Moments with Corresponding Capacity Ratios at
Column-32................................................................................................................................... 357
Table 3.110 General Information of Column C76 ..................................................................... 359
Table 3.111 Concrete Properties of Column C76 ...................................................................... 359
Table 3.112 Steel Properties of Column C76 ............................................................................. 360
Table 3.113 Shape and Properties of Column C76 .................................................................... 360
xviii
Table 3.114Summary of Factored Loads and Moments with Corresponding Capacity Ratios at
Column-76................................................................................................................................... 361
Table 3.115 General Information of Column C136 ................................................................... 363
Table 3.116 Concrete Properties of Column C136 .................................................................... 363
Table 3.117 Steel Properties of Column C136 ........................................................................... 364
Table 3.118 Shape and Properties of Column C136 .................................................................. 364
Table 3.119 Summary of Factored Loads and Moments with Corresponding Capacity Ratios at
Column-136................................................................................................................................. 365
Table 3.120 Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Beams in Second Floor (ASD) ....... 376
Table 3.121 Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Intermediate Beams in Second Floor
(ASD)........................................................................................................................................... 376
Table 3.122 Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Beams in Third Floor (ASD) .......... 377
Table 3.123Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Intermediate Beams in Third Floor
(ASD)........................................................................................................................................... 377
Table 3.124 Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Beams in Fourth Floor (ASD) ........ 378
Table 3.125 Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Intermediate Beams in Fourth Floor
(ASD)........................................................................................................................................... 378
Table 3.126 Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Beams in Roof Deck (ASD) ............ 379
Table 3.127 Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Intermediate Beams in Roof Deck
(ASD)........................................................................................................................................... 379
Table 3.128 Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Beams in Roof (ASD) ..................... 379
Table 3.129 Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Column in Second Floor (ASD) ..... 389
Table 3.130 Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Column in Third Floor (ASD) ........ 389
Table 3.131Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Column in Fourth Floor (ASD) ....... 390
Table 3.132 Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Column in Roof Deck (ASD) .......... 391
Table 3.133 Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Beams in Second Floor (LRFD) .... 401
(LRFD) ........................................................................................................................................ 401
Table 3.135 Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Beams in Third Floor (LRFD) ....... 402
(LRFD) ........................................................................................................................................ 402
Table 3.137 Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Beams in Fourth Floor (LRFD) ..... 403
Table 3.138 Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Intermediate Beams in Fourth Floor
(LRFD) ........................................................................................................................................ 403
Table 3.139 Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Beams in Roof Deck (LRFD) ......... 404
Table 3.140 Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Intermediate Beams in Roof Deck
(LRFD) ........................................................................................................................................ 404
Table 3.141 Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Beams in Roof (LRFD) ................... 404
Table 3.143 Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Column in Third (ASD) .................. 414
xix
Table 3.144 Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Column in Fourth Floor (ASD) ...... 415
Table 3.146 Shear Wall Pier Summary from ETABS 2016 ........................................................ 421
Table 3.147 Material Properties of Concrete (USD) ................................................................. 434
Table 3.148 Material Properties of Rebar (USD)...................................................................... 434
Table 3.149 Material Properties of Steel (ASD) ........................................................................ 434
Table 3.150 Material Properties of Rebar (USD)...................................................................... 434
Table 3.151 Material Properties of Steel (LRFD) ..................................................................... 434
Table 3.152 Material Properties of Rebar (LRFD) ................................................................... 435
Table 3.153 Slab Properties of Solid Slabs (USD) .................................................................... 436
Table 3.154 Slab Properties of Solid Slabs (ASD) ..................................................................... 436
Table 3.155 Slab Properties of Solid Slabs (LRFD) .................................................................. 436
Table 3.156 Column Properties of Rectangular (ASD) ............................................................. 436
Table 3.157 Column Properties of Rectangular (LRFD) ........................................................... 437
Table 3.158 Soil Properties (USD, LRFD, and ASD). ............................................................... 437
Table. 3.159 Concrete Slab Design – Punching Shear Data Of USD. ...................................... 450
Table 3.160 Concrete Slab Design – Punching Shear Data of ASD.......................................... 451
Table 3.161 Concrete Slab Design – Punching Shear Data of LRFD ....................................... 452
Table 3.162 Reinforced Concrete Design Story Drifts at X ....................................................... 454
Table 3.163Reinforced Concrete Design Story Drifts at Y ........................................................ 455
Table 3.164 Steel Design (ASD) Story Drifts at X ..................................................................... 457
Table 3.165 Steel Design (ASD) Story Drifts at Y...................................................................... 458
Table 3.166 Steel Design (LRFD) Story Drifts at X ................................................................... 459
Table 3.167 Steel Design (LRFD) Story Drifts at Y ................................................................... 460
Table 4.1 Estimated Schedule of Loads ..................................................................................... 475
Table 4.2 Estimated Energy Capacity of Photovoltaic Glass .................................................... 475
Table 4.3 Comparison of Energy Demand and Capacity of Photovoltaic Glass ....................... 475
Table 4.4 Design Capacity Ratios of Critical Beam Sections .................................................... 478
Table 4.5 Design Capacity Ratios of Critical Column Sections ................................................ 478
Table 4.6 Strength Check Trade-off ........................................................................................... 479
Table 4.7 Computed Maximum Inelastic Response Displacement along X and Y-Axis ............ 481
Table 4.8 Serviceability Check Trade-off................................................................................... 482
Table 4.9 Pricelist of Construction Materials ............................................................................ 483
Table 4.10 Economic Cost Trade-off ......................................................................................... 483
Table 4.11 Summary of the Total Heat Capacity ....................................................................... 485
Table 4.12 Sustainability Constraint Trade-off.......................................................................... 485
Table 4.13 Summary of the Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions ................................................... 487
Table 4.14 Environmental Constraint Trade-off ........................................................................ 488
Table 4.15 Trade-off Analysis 1 ................................................................................................. 492
xx

Table 4.20 Summary of Trade-offs for Sensitivity Analysis ....................................................... 495
Table 5.1 Previous Base Shear at X-Direction .......................................................................... 499
Table 5.2 Previous Base Shear at Y-Direction .......................................................................... 499
Table 5.3 Applied Story Forces at X-Direction.......................................................................... 500
Table 5.4 Applied Story Forces at Y-Direction .......................................................................... 500
Table 5.5 Final Base Shear at X-Direction ................................................................................ 501
Table 5.6 Final Applied Story Forces at X-Direction ................................................................ 501
Table 5.7 Final Base Shear at Y-Direction ................................................................................ 501
Table 5.8 Final Applied Story Forces at Y-Direction ................................................................ 501
Table 5.9 Reaction of Static and Dynamic Base Shear (EQX and RSX) ................................... 505
Computer Generated Modal Direction Factors ......................................................................... 505
Table 5.11 Final Computer-Generated Modal Direction Factors ............................................. 507
1
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1:
INTRODUCTION
2
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 THE PROJECT BACKGROUND
Maintaining the balance of safety and efficient transport and infrastructure, the designers
aim to build an infrastructure to explicitly equate, and supply users demand of application.
Providing a four-storey airport terminal with isolation facility that can cater the passengers amidst
the pandemic situation. This project has a total area of 17, 270 square meters to be constructed in
Nasugbu, Batangas.
The designers also installed photovoltaic glass, a technology that enables the conversion
of light into electricity. To accomplish so, transparent semiconductor-based photovoltaic cells, also
known as solar cells, are incorporated into the glass. Between two panes of glass, the cells are
sandwiched. These technologies can be used in a variety of places, including office windows,
houses, car sunroofs, cellphones, and even roof tiles in other Building Integrated Photovoltaics
materials (Rodriguez, 2021). Photovoltaic glass is not completely transparent, but it allows some
light to pass through. Buildings with a lot of photovoltaic glass might be able to generate some of
their own electricity through the windows. PV panels generate energy that is both clean and good
for the environment. Solar PV produces no damaging greenhouse gas emissions during electricity
generation (Green, 2012). Solar photovoltaic has received the most attention among the numerous
types of renewable energy due of its low pollution, abundant reserve, and large supply (Qi &
Zhang, 2017). In addition to energy cost savings, potential benefits from the use of photovoltaic
glass include reducing the carbon footprint of facilities, contributing to sustainability and
consequently, enhancing branding and public relations (PR) efforts.
3
Figure 1.1
Photovoltaic Glass
From Solar Edition [Image], 2021
Table 1.1
Estimated Schedule of Loads
Ckt No. Loads No of. Units Ratings Total VA
(W)
1 Lighting Loads 304 100 30,400
2 HVAC (50 hp) 48 1,840 4,416,000
3 Escalator (40 hp) 3 1,840 220,800
4 C.O 435 200 87,000
5 Elevator (30 hp) 4 1,840 220,800
6 Baggage Handling System 4 3 22,080
7 Scanner 18 2 40
8 Refrigerator 20 1,587 31,740
Total Power Demand: 5,028,860
4
Table 1.2
Estimated Energy Capacity of Photovoltaic Glass
Photovoltaic Glass
Floor Distance Per No. Of Watts Per Glass Total
(mm) Distance Glass (W)
Apron Gate 200 5 1,000 350 350,000
(Ground Floor)
Apron Gate 200 5 1,000 350 350,000
(Second Floor)
Ground Floor 260 5 1,300 350 455,000
Second Floor 260 5 1,300 350 455,000
Third Floor 300 5 1,500 350 525,000
Fourth Floor 300 5 1,500 350 525,000
Total Energy Capacity of Photovoltaic Glass: 2,660,000
Table 1.3
Comparison of Energy Demand and Capacity of Photovoltaic Glass
Energy of the PV %
Building
Compare: 5,028,860 2,660,000 52.8947
As we can see in this table, the overall schedule of loads of the building is 5,028,859.6
,
watts per hour. The total of photovoltaic glass is 7600 glasses and, the energy that will generate
each glass is 350 watts. The total energy capacity of the building’s photovoltaic glass is 26,6000
watts. Furthermore, the overall amount of energy that the photovoltaic glass can generate into the
building is 52.8947%. Photovoltaic panel typically vary in wattage output from approximately
250 watts to 400 watts used on larger buildings and in commercial solar projects (Hot Solar
Solutions, 2020). According to Onyx Solar (2019), solar naturally reduces heat gain by a
combination of shading and absorption, converting some photons to electricity. Moreover, the
conductive coatings on the glass in transparent thin-film modules may reflect the infra-red-light
spectrum similar to the low emissivity glass used in conventional commercial office windows.
This reduces thermal gain and reflects heat within the building in winter.
5
In addition to the integrated structure, the designers installed different mechanisms which
may be used in times of natural disaster. The project has ceramic barriers around its vicinity to
prevent and control the hazards of the said calamity. Protection against exceptionally high-water
floods may help to prevent catastrophic loss of life and property (Bergsma et al., 2013). Ceramic
barriers secure your property by acting as flood barrier, volcanic control devices, decreasing clean-
up, damage, and insurance claims. The barriers are demountable, which means they may be stored
while not in use and only deployed in the event of a flooding and volcanic eruption (“Everything
You Need to Know About Flood Barriers”, 2021). Volcanic barriers prevent lava and magma from
entering your home or land, considerably reducing the quantity of magma and lava ingress,
minimizing the amount of clean-up necessary after the eruption has dissipated, and reducing the
impact or disturbance of volcanic activity on your home or business.
Figure 1.2
Ceramic Barrier
From Google [Bottom Hinge Flood Barrier]. Retrieved Nov 24, 2021, from
https://www.psfloodbarriers.com/product/bottom-hinge-flood-barrier/
6
According to Project Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards (NOAH), Barangay

Cogunan, Nasugbu, Batangas have a high flood hazard level and high storm surge hazard level.
However, it has little to no landslide hazard level. In conclusion, the location of Aero Con
Aislamiento International Airport has a high probability of flooding.
Figure 1.3
Hazard Map
From Project NOAH [Know Your Hazard: Flooding]. Retrieved January 3, 2022, from
https://noah.up.edu.ph/know-your-hazards/flood
Table 1.4
Floor Space Factors
Floor Space Factors
Type of Accommodations Floor Space Factor
m2/person
1. Standing spectator areas, bar areas (within 0.3
2m of serving point) similar refreshment areas
2. Amusement arcade, assembly hall 0.5
(including a general-purpose place of
assembly), bingo hall, club, crush hall, dance
floor or hall, venue for pop concert and
similar events and bar areas without fixed
seating
3. Concourse, queuing area or shopping mall 0.7
7
4. Committee room, common room, 1.0

conference room, dining room, licensed
betting office (public area), lounge or bar
1.5(other than in 1 above), meeting room,
reading room, restaurant, staff or waiting
room
5. Exhibition Hall or studio (film, radio, 1.5
television and recording)
6. Skating rink 2.0
7. Shop sales area 2.0
8. Art gallery, dormitory, factory, production 5.0
area, museum or workshop
9. Office 6.0
10. Shop sales area 7.0
11. Kitchen or library 7.0
12. Bedroom or study-bedroom 8.0
13. Bed-sitting room, billiards or snooker 10.0
room or hall
14. Storage and warehousing 3.0
15. Car park Two person per parking space
From Google [Occupant Capacity of a Building or Space]. Retrieved January 3, 2021, from
https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Occupant_capacity_of_a_building_or_space.
Table 1.5
Estimated Capacity in Ground Floor
Ground Floor
Type of Area Number of Floor Space Number of
m2
Accommodations Facility Factor Persons
m2/ Person
Standing Spectator 100 10 1 1,000
Areas
Lobbies/ Ground Floor 5,300 1 1 5,300
Corridors
Office 178.46 2 6 59
Assembly Hall 1,000 1 1 1,000
Queuing Area 1,500 1 1 1.500
VIP Room 200 2 2 200
Total Number of Person in Ground Floor 9,059
8
Table 1.6
Estimated Capacity in Second Floor
Second Floor
m2
m2/ Person
Hotel Room 100 10 10 100
Lobbies/ Ground Floor
5,300 1 1 5,300
Corridors
Assembly Hall 1,000 1 1 1,000
Isolation Facility 178.46 4 4 118
Laboratory 100 2 2 33
Total Number of Person in Second Floor 6,576
Table 1.7
Estimated Capacity in Third Floor
Third Floor
m2
m2/ Person
Shop Sales Area 100 33 2 1,650
Corridors
Total Number of Person in Third Floor 6,950
Table 1.8
Estimated Capacity in Fourth Floor
Fourth Floor
m2
m2/ Person
Restaurant 100 38 2 1,900
Corridors
Total Number of Person in Fourth Floor 7,200
This four-storey airport terminal with isolation facility can handled approximately 30,000
passengers both domestic and international. Amidst the pandemic, the isolation facility inside the
9
airport which is located at second floor can cater approximately 160 persons. 60 persons allowable
is for the Private or VIP rooms while for the public rooms it can cater 100 persons. Our passengers
can decide beforehand where they want to stay for their quarantine. We just want to provide our
own isolation facility for safety and convenience of our beloved passengers. We ensure that our
establishment is following the protocols and guidelines by the DOH and IATF.
10
1.2 LOCATION MAP
Figure 1.4
Project Location
Brgy. Cogunan Nasugbu, Batangas
From Google Earth [Image], 2022

11
1.3 THE CLIENT
Official logo of Department of Health Official logo of Department of

(DOH) Transportation and Communication (DOTr)
The clients of this project are the Department of Health (DOH) which is administered by
secretary, Mr. Francisco Duque, and the Department of Transportation (DOTr) which is
administered by secretary, Mr. Arthur Tugade accompanied by the Government of the Philippines
as a source of funds.
DOH is a health agency in the Philippines responsible for ensuring access to basic public
health services to all Filipinos through the provision of quality health care and regulation of
providers of health goods and services. DOH is both a stakeholder in the health sector and a policy
and regulatory body for health. Furthermore, DOH is a technical resource, responsible for health
policy and a political sponsor and advocate for health issues on behalf of the health sector.
The Department of Transportation (DOTr) is the primary policy, planning, programming,
coordinating, implementing and administrative entity of the executive branch of the government
on the promotion, development and regulation of a dependable and coordinated network of
transportation systems, as well as in the fast, safe, efficient and reliable transportation services.
12
1.4 PROJECT OBJECTIVES

This project aims to design an airport which can develop an attainable phased development
plan concept that will satisfy the needs of the airport in a safe, efficient, economical and
environmentally sound manner. The project serves as a guide to decision makers, airport users and
the general public for implementing airport-isolation facility development actions in line with both
airport and community concerns and objectives.
The Project aims:
• To design a four-storey integrated airport with isolation facility to be constructed in

Nasugbu, Batangas.
• To design a disaster resilient airport with isolation facility building using the specification
and standards of National Building Code of the Philippines and National Structural Code
of the Philippines.
• To use photovoltaic glass as a material for building purposes as well as an electricity-

generating material, with the aim of capturing the sunlight and turn it into electricity.
• To undertake effective surveillance activities on international travelers, aircrafts, cargos,

conveyances, goods, postal parcels, human remains so as to prevent the spread of diseases
of international concern.
• To correlate principles of Reinforced Concrete Design and Structural Steel Design with
Civil Engineering Standards.
• To use necessary modern tool in the design process such as Auto Cad, Sketch Up,
Microsoft Office, STAAD, Revit, ETABS, spColumn and SAFE 2016
• Provide detailed calculations for every naming of the structure using MS Excel.
• We used strength check, serviceability check, economic cost, sustainability constraint,
and environmental constraint to determine the overall winning final design based on the
sensitivity analysis.
• To produce a detailed design drawings that accepted in most industry-based construction
firm.
13
1.5 PROJECT SCOPE AND LIMITATION

The scopes of this project are the following:
• It is only limited to the structural design and analysis such as the design of beams,
columns, slabs, and foundations with the help of software applications such Revit, Etabs,
and MS Excel using Reinforced Concrete Design, Prestressed Concrete Design and Steel
Design.
• It also covers geotechnical analysis and foundation design.
• The designers will only analyze Ultimate Strength Design (USD); Structural Steel
Design, Allowable Stress Design (ASD), and Load and Resistance Factor Design
(LRFD); and Foundation Design.
• The designers will provide data in different constraints such as serviceability check,
economic cost, sustainability and environmental.
The limitations of this project are the following:
• The researcher will only focus on the design of the airport terminal building with
isolation facility.
• Ceiling Frames, Bolted and Welded Connections are not included in structural detailing
design and computations.
• Design of Ductility properties of the Steel Design approach will not be covered in the
project such as, Beam-Column Capacity Ratio, Joint Shear, and other ductility properties.
• In Chapter 4, under Economic Cost, the cost will be estimated using a rough estimate
only.
• The electrical, mechanical and other non-structural designs in airport are also not
included.
14
CHAPTER 2: DESIGN INPUTS
CHAPTER 2:
DESIGN INPUTS
15
ARCHITECTURAL
PLANS
16
CHAPTER 2
DESIGN INPUTS
2.1 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS

The architectural drawings consist of 3D perspective, vicinity map, site development, floor plan, elevations and sections.
Figure 2.1
3D Perspective
17
18
19
20
21
Figure 2.2
Vicinity Map
It shows the vicinity map and its neighborhood using the Google map and it is indicated by the red box
22
Figure 2.3
Site Development Plan
It shows the site development plan and its neighborhood that is indicated by the red box
23
Figure 2.4
Location of Fault Line
From Google [The PHILVOCS FaultFinder]. Retrieved May 26, 2022, from http://faultfinder.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/
24
Figure 2.5
Ground Floor Plan
25
Figure 2.6
Second Floor Plan
26
Figure 2.7
Third Floor Plan
27
Figure 2.8
Fourth Floor Plan
28
Figure 2.9
Roof Deck Plan
29
Figure 2.10
Front Elevation
30
Figure 2.11
Rear Elevation
31
Figure 2.12
Right Side Elevation
32
Figure 2.13
Left Side Elevation
33
Figure 2.14
Cross Section
34
Figure 2.15
Longitudinal Section
35
Figure 2.16
Section View for Elevator
36
Figure 2.17
Ground Floor Plan with Passenger Flow Diagram
37
Figure 2.18
Second Floor Plan with Passenger Flow Diagram
38
STRUCTURAL
PLANS
39
2.2 STRUCTURAL SCHEMATIC PLAN
Figure 2.19
Foundation Plan
40
Figure 2.20
Structural Schematic Framing Plan for Second to Third Floor
41
Figure 2.21
Structural Schematic Framing Plan for Fourth Floor
42
Figure 2.22
Structural Schematic Framing Plan for Roof Deck
43
Figure 2.23
Steel Framing Plan for Second to Third Floor
44
Figure 2.24
Steel Framing Plan for Fourth Floor
45
Figure 2.25
Steel Framing Plan for Roof Deck
46
INITIAL MEMBER
SIZES
47
REINFORCED
CONCRETE
48
2.3 TABLE OF INITIAL MEMBERS
(SLAB, BEAM, COLUMN & FOOTING DESIGNATION)
SLAB
Example calculations of pre-determined one way slab with given length of the short side in
millimeters (mm) with designated support condition to get the minimum thickness (h) from
NSCP 15-7th Ed.
Sample Calculations:
Slab Properties:
Yielding Strength of Steel fy = 276 MPa (NSCP 2015 Table 407.3.1.1)
One End Continuous

𝑙 𝑓𝑦
ℎ= ( 0.4 + ) (NSCP 2015 Table 407.3.1.1)
24 700
3333.333333 276
ℎ= ( 0.4 + )
24 700
𝒉 = 𝟏𝟏𝟎. 𝟑𝟏𝟕𝟒𝟔𝟎𝟑 𝒎𝒎, 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝒎𝒎
Both Ends Continuous

𝑙 276
ℎ= ( 0.4 + ) (NSCP 2015 Table 407.3.1.1)
28 700
3333.333333 414
ℎ= ( 0.4 + )
28 700
𝒉 = 𝟗𝟒. 𝟓𝟓𝟕𝟖𝟐𝟑𝟏𝟐 𝒎𝒎, 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎

49
SLAB INITIAL SIZES
These are the following initial slab sizes according to its floor designation:
Table 2.1
Initial Sizes of Slab Located in Second to Third Floor
(Second to Third Floor)

Slab Support Condition Type Ln Sn Thickness Say
Name (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
S1 One End One-Way Slab 10,000 3,333.33333 110.3174603 120
Continuous
S2 Both Ends One-Way Slab 10,000 3,333.33333 94.55782312 100
Continuous
S3 Both End One-Way Slab 10,000 3,333.33333 94.55782312 100
Continuous
Continuous
Continuous
Continuous
Thickness Governs: 120 mm
Table 2.2
Initial Sizes of Slab Located in Fourth Floor
(Fourth Floor)
Slab Support Type Ln Sn Thickness Say (mm)
Name Condition (mm) (mm) (mm)
Continuous
Continuous
Continuous
Continuous
Continuous
Continuous
50
Table 2.3
Initial Sizes of Slab Located in Roof Deck
(Roof Deck)
Slab Support Type Ln Sn Thickness Say (mm)
Name Condition (mm) (mm) (mm)
Continuous
Continuous
Continuous
Continuous
Continuous
Continuous
Continuous
51
BEAM
Example calculations of girders and intermediate beams with given length in millimeters (mm)
with designated support condition to get the minimum thickness (h) from NSCP 15-7th Ed.
One End Continuous
Taking girder with designation G-1 into consideration

𝑙
ℎ= (NSCP 2015 Table 407.3.1.1)
18.5
10000
ℎ= 18.5
𝒉 = 𝟓𝟒𝟎. 𝟓𝟒𝟎𝟓𝟒𝟎𝟓 𝒎𝒎, 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝟓𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒎

ℎ
𝑏= (NSCP 2015 Table 407.3.1.1)
1.5
540.5405405
𝑏=
1.5
𝒃 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎. 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟓 𝒎𝒎, 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎
Both End Continuous
Taking girder with designation G-4 into consideration

𝑙
ℎ= 21
(NSCP 2015 Table 407.3.1.1)
10000
ℎ= 18.5
𝒉 = 𝟒𝟕𝟔. 𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟒𝟕𝟔𝟐 𝒎𝒎, 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎

ℎ
𝑏= (NSCP 2015 Table 407.3.1.1)
1.5
476.1904762
𝑏=
1.5
𝒃 = 𝟑𝟏𝟕. 𝟒𝟔𝟎𝟑𝟏𝟕𝟓 𝒎𝒎, 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝟑𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒎
52
BEAM INITIAL SIZES
These are the following initial sizes of girder and intermediate beam according to its floor
designation:
Table 2.4
Initial Sizes of Girder Located in Second to Third Floor
(Second to Third Floor)

Beam Type of Span Length Beam Height Say Beam Width Say Dimension
Name (H) (H/1.5)
mm mm mm mm mm
G1 One-End 10,000 540.5405405 550 360.3603604 400 400mm X 550mm
Continuous
G2 One-End 10,000 540.5405405 550 360.3603604 400 400mm X 550mm
Continuous
G3 One-End 10,000 540.5405405 550 360.3603604 400 400mm X 550mm
Continuous
G4 Both-Ends 10,000 476.1904762 500 317.4603175 350 350mm X 500mm
Continuous
G5 Both-Ends 10,000 476.1904762 500 317.4603175 350 350mm X 500mm
Continuous
G6 One-End 10,000 540.5405405 550 360.3603604 400 400mm X 550mm
Continuous
G7 Both-Ends 10,000 476.1904762 500 317.4603175 350 350mm X 500mm
Continuous
G8 One-End 10,000 540.5405405 550 360.3603604 400 400mm X 550mm
Continuous
G9 Both-Ends 10,000 476.1904762 500 317.4603175 350 350mm X 500mm
Continuous
G10 One-End 10,000 540.5405405 550 360.3603604 400 400mm X 550mm
Continuous
G11 Both-Ends 10,000 476.1904762 500 317.4603175 350 350mm X 500mm
Continuous
G12 One-End 10,000 540.5405405 550 360.3603604 400 400mm X 550mm
Continuous
G13 Both-Ends 10,000 476.1904762 500 317.4603175 350 350mm X 500mm
Continuous
G14 Both-Ends 10,000 476.1904762 500 317.4603175 350 350mm X 500mm
Continuous
G15 One-End 10,000 540.5405405 550 360.3603604 400 400mm X 550mm
Continuous
53
Table 2.5
Initial Sizes of Intermediate Beam Located in Second to Third Floor
Intermediate Beam (Second to Third Floor)

Name (H) (H/1.5)
mm mm mm mm mm
B1 One-End 3,333.3333 180.1801802 200 120.1201201 250 250mm X 200mm
Continuous
B2 Both-Ends 3,333.3333 158.7301587 200 105.8201058 250 250mm X 200mm
Continuous
B3 Both-Ends 3,333.3333 158.7301587 200 105.8201058 250 250mm X 200mm
Continuous
B4 One-End 3,333.3333 180.1801802 200 120.1201201 250 250mm X 200mm
Continuous
B5 Both-Ends 3,333.3333 158.7301587 200 105.8201058 250 250mm X 200mm
Continuous
B6 Both-Ends 3,333.3333 158.7301587 200 105.8201058 250 250mm X 200mm
Continuous
Table 2.6
Initial Sizes of Girder Located in Fourth Floor
Fourth Floor
Beam Type of Span Length Beam Say Beam Width Say Dimension
Name Height (H) (H/1.5)
mm mm mm mm mm
G1 One-End 10,000 540.5405405 550 360.3603604 400 400mm X 550mm
Continuous
G2 Both-Ends 10,000 476.1904762 500 317.4603175 350 350mm X 500mm
Continuous
G3 One-End 10,000 540.5405405 550 360.3603604 400 400mm X 550mm
Continuous
G4 Both-Ends 10,000 476.1904762 500 317.4603175 350 350mm X 500mm
Continuous
G5 Both-Ends 10,000 476.1904762 500 317.4603175 350 350mm X 500mm
Continuous
G6 One-End 10,000 540.5405405 550 360.3603604 400 400mm X 550mm
Continuous
G7 Both-Ends 10,000 476.1904762 500 317.4603175 350 350mm X 500mm
Continuous
G8 One-End 10,000 540.5405405 550 360.3603604 400 400mm X 550mm
Continuous
G9 Both-Ends 10,000 476.1904762 500 317.4603175 350 350mm X 500mm
Continuous
54
G10 One-End 10,000 540.5405405 550 360.3603604 400 400mm X 550mm

Continuous
G11 Both-Ends 10,000 476.1904762 500 317.4603175 350 350mm X 500mm
Continuous
G12 One-End 10,000 540.5405405 550 360.3603604 400 400mm X 550mm
Continuous
G13 Both-Ends 10,000 476.1904762 500 317.4603175 350 350mm X 500mm
Continuous
G14 Both-Ends 10,000 476.1904762 500 317.4603175 350 350mm X 500mm
Continuous
G15 One-End 10,000 540.5405405 550 360.3603604 400 400mm X 550mm
Continuous
Table 2.7
Initial Sizes of Intermediate Beam Located in Fourth Floor
Intermediate Beam (Fourth Floor)

mm mm mm mm mm
B1 One-End 3,333.3333 180.1801802 200 120.1201201 250 250mm X 200mm
Continuous
B2 Both-Ends 3,333.3333 158.7301587 200 105.8201058 250 250mm X 200mm
Continuous
B3 Both-Ends 3,333.3333 158.7301587 200 105.8201058 250 250mm X 200mm
Continuous
B4 One-End 3,333.3333 180.1801802 200 120.1201201 250 250mm X 200mm
Continuous
B5 Both-Ends 3,333.3333 158.7301587 200 105.8201058 250 250mm X 200mm
Continuous
B6 Both-Ends 3,333.3333 158.7301587 200 105.8201058 250 250mm X 200mm
Continuous
55
Table 2.8
Initial Sizes of Girder Located in Roof Deck
Roof Deck
Name (H) (H/1.5)
mm mm mm mm mm
G1 One-End 10,000 540.5405405 550 360.3603604 400 400mm X 550mm
Continuous
G2 Both-Ends 10,000 476.1904762 500 317.4603175 350 350mm X 500mm
Continuous
G3 One-End 10,000 540.5405405 550 360.3603604 400 400mm X 550mm
Continuous
G4 Both-Ends 10,000 476.1904762 500 317.4603175 350 350mm X 500mm
Continuous
G5 Both-Ends 10,000 476.1904762 500 317.4603175 350 350mm X 500mm
Continuous
G6 Both-Ends 10,000 476.1904762 500 317.4603175 350 350mm X 500mm
Continuous
G7 Both-Ends 10,000 476.1904762 500 317.4603175 350 350mm X 500mm
Continuous
G8 One-End 10,000 540.5405405 550 360.3603604 400 400mm X 550mm
Continuous
G9 Both-Ends 10,000 476.1904762 500 317.4603175 350 350mm X 500mm
Continuous
G10 One-End 10,000 540.5405405 550 360.3603604 400 400mm X 550mm
Continuous
G11 Both-Ends 10,000 476.1904762 500 317.4603175 350 350mm X 500mm
Continuous
G12 Both-Ends 10,000 476.1904762 500 317.4603175 350 350mm X 500mm
Continuous
G13 Both-Ends 10,000 476.1904762 500 317.4603175 350 350mm X 500mm
Continuous
G14 Both-Ends 10,000 476.1904762 500 317.4603175 350 350mm X 500mm
Continuous
G15 Both-Ends 10,000 476.1904762 500 317.4603175 350 350mm X 500mm
Continuous
56
Table 2.9
Initial Sizes of Intermediate Beam Located in Roof Deck
Intermediate Beam (Roof Deck)
mm mm mm mm mm
B1 One-End 3,333.3333 180.1801802 200 120.1201201 250 250mm X 200mm
Continuous
B2 Both-Ends 3,333.3333 158.7301587 200 105.8201058 250 250mm X 200mm
Continuous
B3 Both-Ends 3,333.3333 158.7301587 200 105.8201058 250 250mm X 200mm
Continuous
B4 Both-Ends 3,333.3333 158.7301587 200 105.8201058 250 250mm X 200mm
Continuous
B5 Both-Ends 3,333.3333 158.7301587 200 105.8201058 250 250mm X 200mm
Continuous
B6 Both-Ends 3,333.3333 158.7301587 200 105.8201058 250 250mm X 200mm
Continuous
B7 Both-Ends 3,333.3333 158.7301587 200 105.8201058 250 250mm X 200mm
Continuous
B8 Both-Ends 3,333.3333 158.7301587 200 105.8201058 250 250mm X 200mm
Continuous
57
COLUMN
Taking column with designation 2C-1 into consideration
Properties of Materials
Compressive Strength of Concrete, f’c = 28 MPa
Yielding Strength of Steel, Fy = 414 MPa
Mainbars, Ф = 16 mm
Tied, α = 0.8
Ф = 0.65
As = 0.02Ag
Tributary Area = 33.75 m
Loads
Dead Load = 3.65 kPa
Live Load = 4.8 kPa
Wall Loads = 3.025088 kN
Self-Weight of Slab
Unit Weight of Concrete = 24 kN/m3
Thickness = 0.12 m
Self-weight of Slab = 24 kN/m3 (33.75 m2) (120 mm/1000)
Self-weight of Slab = 97.2 kN

58
Self-weight of the Upper Column
Unit Weight of Concrete = 24 kN/m3
Height of Column = 4 m
Area of Column = 0.1225 m2
Self-weight of the Upper Column = (24 kN/m3) (0.1225m2) (4 m) = 11.76 kN
Pdl = 3.65 kPa (33.75 m) + 3.025088 kN (33.75 m) + 97.2 kN + 11.76 kN = 334.24422 kN
Pll = 4.8 kPa (33.75 m) = 162 kN
Puupper = 1619.886
USD
Pu = 1.2 Pdl + 1.6 Pll + Puupper
Pu = 1.2 (334.24422 kN) + 1.6 (162 kN) + 1619.886
Pu =2,280.179064 kN
Pu = Ф α [0.85f’c (Ag-Ast) + AstFy]
2280.179064 x 103 = 0.65 (0.8) [0.85 (28 MPa) (Ag-0.02Ag) + (0.02Ag) (414 MPa)
Ag = 138,746.9858 kN
Column Dimension
= √138746.9858
= 372.4875646 mm
SAY = 400 mm
Square Column Dimension = 400 mm x 400 mm

59
COLUMN INITIAL SIZES
These are the following initial sizes of column according to its floor designation:
Table 2.10
Initial Sizes of Column Located in Roof Deck
Roof Deck
Column Tributary USD
Designation Area Pu Ag Dimension
(m2)
C-1 33.75 306.7875 1,8667.76 300mm X 300mm
C-2 50 454.5 27,655.94 300mm X 300mm
C-3 50 454.5 27,655.94 300mm X 300mm
C-4 100 3725 22,6663.1 500mm X 500mm
C-5 100 909 55,311.89 300mm X 300mm
C-6 100 909 55,311.89 300mm X 300mm
C-7 8.75 120.1375 7,310.266 300mm X 300mm
Table 2.11
Initial Sizes of Column Located in Fourth Floor
Fourth Floor
(m2)
C-1 33.75 966.4679 58,808.76 300mm X 300mm
C-2 50 1,665.786 101,361.7 350mm X 350mm
C-3 50 1,277.523 77,736.19 300mm X 300mm
C-4 100 5,638.622 343,105.4 600mm X 600mm
C-5 100 1,713.408 104,259.4 350mm X 350mm
C-6 100 2,489.208 151,466.2 400mm X 400mm
C-7 8.75 2,57.913 15,693.79 300mm X 300mm
60
Table 2.12
Initial Sizes of Column Located in Third Floor
Third Floor
(m2)
C-1 33.75 1,626.148 98,949.76 350mm X 350mm
C-2 50 2,880.816 175,295.2 450mm X 450mm
C-3 50 3,068.346 186,706.3 450mm X 450mm
C-4 100 7,756.916 472,001.8 700mm X 700mm
C-5 100 2,521.56 153,434.8 400mm X 400mm
C-6 100 4,077.48 248,111.2 500mm X 500mm
C-7 8.75 255.8575 15,568.71 300mm X 300mm
Table 2.13
Initial Sizes of Column Located in Roof for Gate
Roof For Gate

(m2)
C-8 25 215.25 13,097.78 300mm X 300mm
C-9 50 430.5 26,195.56 300mm X 300mm
C-10 100 861 52,391.13 300mm X 300mm
Table 2.14
Initial Sizes of Column Located in Ground to Second Floor
Ground To Second Floor
(m2)
C-1 33.75 2,289.573 139,318.6 400mm X 400mm
C-2 50 4,105.061 249,789.5 500mm X 500mm
C-3 50 5,841.248 355,435.1 600mm X 600mm
C-4 100 9,698.185 590,126.4 800mm X 800mm
C-5 100 3,334.032 202,873.1 500mm X 500mm
C-6 100 5,676.12 345,387.1 600mm X 600mm
C-7 8.75 513.7705 31,262.5 300mm X 300mm
C-8 25 641.2528 39,019.7 300mm X 300mm
C-9 50 1,244.403 75,720.87 300mm X 300mm
C-10 100 2,437.368 148,311.8 400mm X 400mm
61
STEEL
62
STEEL COLUMN (LRFD AND ASD)
Taking column with designation 2C-4 into consideration
Steel Shape: W21x402
Steel Properties:
Weight(kg/m)= 598.8 k (mm) = 98.425 Zy (mm³) = 4850581.6
Area(mm²) = 76,129 lx (mm⁴) = 5078023 kx = 1.0
Depth (mm) = 660.9 Sx (mm³) = 15367 ky = 1.0
Web Thickness (mm) = 43.9 rx (mm) = 258.27 L (mm) = 6000
Flange Width (mm) = 340.5 ly (mm⁴) = 528614 E (MPa)= 200,000
Flange Thickness (mm) = 79.5 Sy (mm³) = 3104.9 Fy (MPa) = 250
Slenderness Ratio:
(NSCP 2015 Sec. 505.2)

63
kx L 1.0(6000) ky L 1.0(6000)
= = 23.23150192 = = 72.00288012
rx 258.27 ry 83.33
23.23150192 < 72.00288012

𝐤𝐋
∴ 𝐫
= 𝟕𝟐. 𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟖𝟖𝟎𝟏𝟐 will be the slenderness ratio.
Type of Buckling: (NSCP 2015 Sec. 505.3-1)
kL 1.0(6000) E 200000
= = 72.00288012 4.71√Fy → 4.71√ = 133.2189176
r 83.33 250
𝟕𝟐. 𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟖𝟖𝟎𝟏𝟐 < 𝟏𝟑𝟑. 𝟐𝟏𝟖𝟗𝟏𝟕
∴ INELASTIC
Critical Buckling Load:

π2 E π2 (200000)
Fe = kL 2
→ (72.00288012)2
= (NSCP 2015 Sec. 505.3-4)
( )
r
𝐅𝐞 = 𝟑𝟖𝟎. 𝟑𝟓𝟓𝟑𝟕𝟐𝟐
Elastic: Inelastic:
Fy
Fcr = 0.877(Fe ) Fcr = (0.658 )Fy Fe
250
Fcr = 0.877(380.3553722 ) Fcr = (0.658380.3553722 )(250)
𝐅𝐜𝐫 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟓𝟕𝟏𝟔𝟔𝟏𝟒 𝐅𝐜𝐫 = 189.8731319
∴ Fcr to be used
64
Nominal Strength:
Pn = FcrAg (NSCP 2015 Sec. 505.3-1)
189.8731319(76129)
Pn =
1000
𝐏𝐧 = 14,454.85166 kN
Design Compressive Strength (NSCP 2015 Sec. 505.1)
ASD
LRFD
𝑃𝑛 14454.85166 KN
=
Pn (∅c) = 14454.85166 KN (0.9) 𝛺𝑐 1.67
𝐏𝐧 (∅𝐜) = 𝟏𝟑, 𝟎𝟎𝟗. 𝟑𝟔𝟔𝟒𝟗 𝐤𝐍 𝐏𝐧

= 𝟖, 𝟔𝟓𝟓. 𝟓𝟗𝟗𝟕𝟗𝟔 𝐤𝐍
𝛀𝐜
Sum of the Factored Loads (Pu):
DL = 3.65 LL = 4.8
Wall Loads = 2.776848
Tributary Area: 100 m²
Weight of Slab
Slab thickness = 0.12 m
DL1 = γconcreteLTA
kN
DL1 = 24 (0.12 m)(100 m2 )
m3
DL1 = 288 kN
65
Weight of Upper Column
Height = 4 m
Weight = 598.8 kg
g = 9.18/1000 = 0.00918
DL2 = Height × Weight × g
DL2 = (4 m)(598.8 kg)(0.00918)
DL2 = 21.987936 kN
Factored Load:
Puupper = 7622.946586
Paupper = 5342.455488
PDL = (DL × Tributary Area) + DL1 + DL2 + (Wall Loads × Tributary Area)
PDL = (3.65 × 100 m2 ) + 288 kN + 21.987936 kN + (2.776848 × 100)
PDL = 952.672736 kN
PLL = LL × Tributary Area
PLL = 4.8 × 100 m2
PLL = 480 kN
66
LRFD ASD
Pu = Puupper + 1.2DL + 1.6 LL Pa = Paupper + DL + LL
Pu = 7622.946586 kN + Pa = 5342.455488 kN +
1.2(952.672736 kN) + 1.6 (480 kN) 952.672736 kN + 480 kN
𝐏𝐮 = 𝟗, 𝟓𝟑𝟒. 𝟏𝟓𝟑𝟖𝟔𝟗 𝐤𝐍 𝐏𝐚 = 𝟔, 𝟕𝟕𝟓. 𝟏𝟐𝟖𝟐𝟐𝟒 𝐤𝐍
Pn
Pn (∅c) > Pu > Pa
Ωc
13,009.36649 kN > 9,534.153869 kN 8,655.599796 kN > 6,775.128224 kN
∴ Adequate ∴ Adequate
67
STEEL COLUMN INITIAL SIZES
These are the following initial sizes of steel column according to its floor designation:
Table 2.15
Initial Sizes of Steel Column Located in Roof Deck
Roof Deck
Column Tributary Length LRFD ( P𝑢 ) ASD, (P𝑎 )
Designation Area (m) (kN) (kN) Steel Type
(m2)
C-1 33.75 4 274.725 207.5625 W21x101
C-2 50 4 407 307.5 W21x101
C-3 50 4 407 307.5 W21x101
C-4 100 4 3,630 2,375 W21x101
C-5 100 4 814 615 W21x101
C-6 100 4 814 615 W21x101
C-7 8.75 4 111.825 79.1875 W21x101
Table 2.16
Initial Sizes of Steel Column Located in Fourth Floor
Fourth Floor
(m2)
C-1 33.75 4 927.5685408 697.598784 W21x101
C-2 50 4 1,621.154586 1,239.295488 W21x101
C-3 50 4 1,226.628954 910.524128 W21x101
C-4 100 4 5,528.058586 3,796.715488 W21x101
C-5 100 4 1,621.276826 1,207.730688 W21x101
C-6 100 4 2,397.076826 1,774.230688 W21x101
C-7 8.75 4 372.6068256 282.505688 W21x101
68
Table 2.17
Initial Sizes of Steel Column Located in Third Floor
Third Floor
(m2)
C-1 33.75 4 1,586.98643 1,193.113692 W21x201
C-2 50 4 2,840.138586 2,175.115488 W21x275
C-3 50 4 3,018.887322 2,204.072768 W21x275
C-4 100 4 7,622.946586 5,342.455488 W21x275
C-5 100 4 2,433.383066 1,804.485888 W21x275
C-6 100 4 3,984.983066 2,937.485888 W21x275
C-7 8.75 4 638.2180657 489.8483881 W21x275
Table 2.18
Initial Sizes of Steel Column Located in Roof for Gate
Roof For Gate
(m2)
C-8 25 4 191.5 143.75 W21x201
C-9 50 4 383 287.5 W21x275
C-10 100 4 766 575 W21x275
Table 2.19
Initial Sizes of Steel Column Located in Ground to Second Floor
Ground To Second Floor
(m2)
C-1 33.75 6 2,251.233734 1,692.653112 W21x275
C-2 50 6 4,067.441869 3,117.868224 W21x402
C-3 100 6 5,788.584973 4,112.154144 W21x402
C-4 100 6 9,534.153869 6,775.128224 W21x402
C-5 50 6 3,253.808589 2,408.173824 W21x402
C-6 100 6 5,581.208589 4,107.673824 W21x402
C-7 8.75 6 912.1485889 704.1238241 W21x402
C-8 25 6 607.5346048 450.445504 W21x101
C-9 50 6 1,193.197309 882.664424 W21x101
C-10 100 6 2,338.662477 1,725.552064 W21x101
69
STEEL BEAM (LRFD AND ASD)
Taking girder with designation 4G-1 into consideration
Steel Shape: W18x283
Weight(kg/m) = 422.2 lx (mm⁴) = 2563986 Zx (mm³) = 4850581.6
Area(mm²) = 53,741.8 Sx (mm³) = 9233623.87 Zy (mm³) = 11077655.26
tf (mm) = 63.5 rx (mm) = 218.56 L (mm) = 6000
bf (mm) = 302 ly (mm⁴) = 293, 027 E (MPa)= 200,000
h (mm) = 556.26 Sy (mm³) = 1940.6 Fy (MPa) = 250
tw (mm) = 35.6 ry (mm³) =73.89
Steel Yield Strength, Fy = 250 MPa Dead Load = 3.65 kPa

Modulus of Elasticity, E = 200, 000 MPa Live Load = 4.8 kPa
a. Check Compactness (NSCP 2015 Table 502.4.1 and Table 502.4.2)
Flange Web
𝒃𝒇 𝑬 𝒉 𝑬
≤ 𝟎. 𝟑𝟖 √ ≤ 𝟑. 𝟕𝟔 √
𝟐𝒕𝒇 𝑭𝒚 𝒕𝒘 𝑭𝒚
302 20000 556.26 20000

≤ 0.38 √ ≤ 3.76 √
2(63.5) 250 35.56 250
2.38 ≤ 10.748 15.64 ≤ 106.349

∴ 𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒕 ∴ 𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒕
70
b. Mn=Mp (NSCP 2015 Sec 506.2-1)

Mn = FyZx
(250 𝑀𝑝𝑎)(11077655.26 𝑚𝑚3 )

𝑀𝑛 =
106
(250 𝑀𝑝𝑎)(11077655.26 𝑚𝑚3 )
𝑀𝑛 =
106
𝑴𝒏 = 𝟐, 𝟕𝟔𝟗. 𝟒𝟏𝟑𝟖𝟏𝟓 kN-m
c. Design Strength (NSCP 2015 Sec 506.1)
LRFD ASD
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜃 ∗ 𝑀𝑛 𝑀𝑛
𝑀𝑎 =
𝛺
𝑴𝑢 = 0.9 ∗ 2769.413815
2769.413815
𝐌𝐮 = 𝟐, 𝟒𝟗𝟐. 𝟒𝟕𝟑 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦 𝑀𝑎 =
1.67
𝑴𝒂 = 𝟏, 𝟒𝟗𝟐. 𝟒𝟗𝟗 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
❖ Self-weight of Steel Beam

422.2 𝑘𝑔/𝑚 ∗ 9.81
𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑓𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 =
1000
𝑺𝒆𝒍𝒇𝒘𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑺𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒍 = 𝟒. 𝟏𝟒𝟏𝟕𝟖𝟐 𝒌𝑵/𝒎
❖ Self-weight of Slab
𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑓𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 = (0.12𝑚)(5𝑚)(24 𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 )

𝑺𝒆𝒍𝒇𝒘𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑺𝒍𝒂𝒃 = 14.4 kN/m
❖ Uniform Loads
𝑊𝐷𝐿 = 𝐷𝐿(𝑇𝐴 ) + 𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑓 − 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 + 𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑓 − 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 + 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑
𝑊𝐷𝐿 = 3.65(5 𝑚) + 4.141782 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 + 14.4 kN/m + 0.1824
𝑊𝐷𝐿 = 36.974182 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

71
𝑊𝐿𝐿 = 𝐿𝐿 ∗ 𝑇𝐴
𝑊𝐿𝐿 = 4.8 ∗ 5 𝑚
𝑊𝐿𝐿 = 24 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
d. Moment
𝑊𝐷𝐿 (𝐿)2 𝑊𝐿𝐿 (𝐿)2

𝑀𝐷𝐿 = 𝑀𝐿𝐿 =
8 8
36.974182(10𝑚)2 24(10 𝑚)2

𝑀𝐷𝐿 = 𝑀𝐿𝐿 =
8 8
𝑀𝐷𝐿 = 462.177275 kN-m 𝑀𝐿𝐿 = 300 kN-m
LRFD ASD
𝑀𝑢 = 1.2 (𝑀𝐷𝐿 ) + 1.6 (𝑀𝐿𝐿 ) 𝑀𝑎 = 𝑀𝐷𝐿 + 𝑀𝐿𝐿
𝑀𝑢 = 1.2 (462.177275) + 1.6 (300) 𝑀𝑎 = 462.177275+300
𝐌𝐮 = 1,034.61273 kN-m 𝑴𝒂 = 762.177275 kN-m
𝑀𝑛
𝑀𝑢 < 𝜃𝑀𝑛 𝑀𝑎 <
𝛺
1,034.61273 kN-m < 2,492.473 kN-m 𝟕62.177275 kN − m < 1,492.499 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
∴ 𝑨𝒅𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒆 ∴ 𝑨𝒅𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒆
72
STEEL BEAM INITIAL SIZES
These are the following initial sizes of steel girder and intermediate beam according to its floor
designation:
Table 2.20
Initial Sizes of Steel Beam Located in Second Floor
Second Floor
Beam Length LRFD ASD Steel Shape
Name (m) Mu Ma
G1 10 3,462.13845 2,385.115375 W21x364
G2 10 3,462.13845 2,385.115375 W21x364
G3 10 3,462.13845 2,385.115375 W21x364
G4 10 3,462.13845 2,385.115375 W21x364
G5 10 3,462.13845 2,385.115375 W21x364
G6 10 3,462.13845 2,385.115375 W21x364
G7 10 3,462.13845 2,385.115375 W21x364
G8 10 3,462.13845 2,385.115375 W21x364
G9 10 3,462.13845 2,385.115375 W21x364
G10 10 3,462.13845 2,385.115375 W21x364
G11 10 3,462.13845 2,385.115375 W21x364
G12 10 3,462.13845 2,385.115375 W21x364
G13 10 3,462.13845 2,385.115375 W21x364
G14 10 3,462.13845 2,385.115375 W21x364
G15 10 3,462.13845 2,385.115375 W21x364
B1 3.333333333 304.7952644 198.4404981 W18x76
B2 3.333333333 73.32304221 49.99142406 W18x76
B3 3.333333333 144.7952644 98.44049813 W18x76
B4 3.333333333 144.7952644 98.44049813 W18x76
B5 3.333333333 144.7952644 98.44049813 W18x76
B6 3.333333333 144.7952644 98.44049813 W18x76
Table 2.21
Initial Sizes of Steel Beam Located in Third Floor
Third Floor
Name (m) Mu Ma
G1 10 3,462.13845 2,385.115375 W21x364
G2 10 3,462.13845 2,385.115375 W21x364
G3 10 3,462.13845 2,385.115375 W21x364
G4 10 3,462.13845 2,385.115375 W21x364
73
G5 10 3,462.13845 2,385.115375 W21x364
G6 10 3,462.13845 2,385.115375 W21x364
G7 10 3,462.13845 2,385.115375 W21x364
G8 10 3,462.13845 2,385.115375 W21x364
G9 10 3,462.13845 2,385.115375 W21x364
G10 10 3,462.13845 2,385.115375 W21x364
G11 10 3,462.13845 2,385.115375 W21x364
G12 10 3,462.13845 2,385.115375 W21x364
G13 10 3,462.13845 2,385.115375 W21x364
G14 10 3,462.13845 2,385.115375 W21x364
G15 10 3,462.13845 2,385.115375 W21x364
B1 3.333333333 304.7952644 198.4404981 W18x76
B2 3.333333333 73.32304221 49.99142406 W18x76
B3 3.333333333 144.7952644 98.44049813 W18x76
B4 3.333333333 144.7952644 98.44049813 W18x76
B5 3.333333333 144.7952644 98.44049813 W18x76
B6 3.333333333 144.7952644 98.44049813 W18x76
Table 2.22
Initial Sizes of Steel Beam Located in Fourth Floor
Fourth Floor
Name (m) Mu Ma
G1 10 1,034.61273 762.177275 W18X283
G2 10 1,034.61273 762.177275 W18X283
G3 10 2,200.82673 1,634.022275 W18X283
G4 10 2,003.05173 1,469.209775 W18X283
G5 10 2,200.82673 1,634.022275 W18X283
G6 10 2,003.05173 1,469.209775 W18X283
G7 10 2,200.82673 1,634.022275 W18X283
G8 10 592.37673 460.3139416 W18X283
G9 10 592.37673 460.3139416 W18X283
G10 10 907.8267299 689.8556083 W18X283
G11 10 710.0517299 525.0431083 W18X283
G12 10 708.6267299 523.8556083 W18X283
G13 10 907.8267299 689.8556083 W18X283
G14 10 710.0517299 525.0431083 W18X283
G15 10 710.0517299 525.0431083 W18X283
B1 3.333333333 144.7952644 98.44049813 W18X76
B2 3.333333333 73.32304221 49.99142406 W18X76
B3 3.333333333 144.7952644 98.44049813 W18X76
B4 3.333333333 144.7952644 98.44049813 W18X76
B5 3.333333333 144.7952644 98.44049813 W18X76
B6 3.333333333 144.7952644 98.44049813 W18X76
74
Table 2.23
Initial Sizes of Steel Beam Located in Roof Deck
ROOF DECK
Name (m) Mu Ma
G1 10 1,034.61273 2,492.472434 W18X283
G2 10 1,034.61273 2,492.472434 W18X283
G3 10 2,200.82673 2,492.472434 W18X283
G4 10 2,003.05173 2,492.472434 W18X283
G5 10 2,200.82673 2,492.472434 W18X283
G6 10 2,003.05173 2,492.472434 W18X283
G7 10 2,200.82673 2,492.472434 W18X283
G8 10 592.37673 2,492.472434 W18X283
G9 10 592.37673 2,492.472434 W18X283
G10 10 907.8267299 2,492.472434 W18X283
G11 10 710.0517299 2,492.472434 W18X283
G12 10 708.6267299 2,492.472434 W18X283
G13 10 907.8267299 2,492.472434 W18X283
G14 10 710.0517299 2,492.472434 W18X283
G15 10 710.0517299 2,492.472434 W18X283
B1 3.333333333 144.7952644 600.9955718 W18X76
B2 3.333333333 73.32304221 600.9955718 W18X76
B3 3.333333333 144.7952644 600.9955718 W18X76
B4 3.333333333 144.7952644 600.9955718 W18X76
B5 3.333333333 144.7952644 600.9955718 W18X76
B6 3.333333333 144.7952644 600.9955718 W18X76
B7 3.333333333 144.7952644 600.9955718 W18X76
B8 3.333333333 144.7952644 600.9955718 W18X76
75
FOOTING
Column Width = 800 mm
Column Height = 800 mm
Total Mat Footing Area = 13488
Depth of Foundation = 2.5 m
Fy = 414 Mpa
F'c = 28 Mpa
γ Soil = 16.65127
qa = 168.27 kPa
γ Concrete = 24 MPa
Solution:
𝑈 = (𝑏𝑜) (𝑑 ∅ (0.34) 𝑓𝑐 ′
Where, U = factored column load
∅ = Reduction factor = 0.85
𝑏𝑜 = The parameter of the sheared area
d = effective depth of raft
𝑓𝑐 ′ = Compressive strength of concrete

76
In this Raft,
𝑈 = 9698.185 kN = 9.698 MN
𝑏𝑜 = 4 (0.8 + 𝑑) = 3.2 + 4 𝑑
𝑈 = (𝑏𝑜)(𝑑)(∅ )(0.34) √𝑓𝑐
9.698 = (3.2 + 4𝑑) (𝑑) (0.85) (0.34) (√24)
d = 0.968 m = 968 mm = 1,000 mm
Thickness of the raft = 1000 + 75 + 25 (assumed bar diameter)
Thickness = 1,100 mm
77
FOOTING INITIAL SIZES
These are the following initial sizes of footings:
Table 2.24
Initial Sizes of Footing
Footing Name Column Name Pu

F1 C1 2,280.179
F2 C2 4,105.061
F3 C3 5,822.46
F4 C4 9,698.185
F5 C5 3,334.032
F6 C6 5,676.12
F7 C7 513.7705
F8 C8 634.9901
F9 C9 1,244.403
F10 C10 2,437.368
78
CHAPTER 3: PROJECT DESIGN
CHAPTER 3:
PROJECT DESIGN
79
PRE-DESIGN
ANALYSIS
80
CHAPTER 3
PRE-DESIGN ANALYSIS
3.1 DESIGN CRITERIA

The design shall be in accordance with all the applicable local codes and ordinances. A summary
of the codes and industry to be used in the design with the aid of analyzation from software and
tools are mentioned below.
3.1.1 CODES, STANDARDS AND REFERENCES

These are the following codes, standard and references used in the project:
• NSCP 2015 C101-15: National Structural Code of the Philippines, 7th

Edition, Volume 1-Building Towers, and Other Vertical Structures
The National Structural Code of the Philippines is the primary design code
in the country, providing guidance to civil and structural engineers on the design
and assessment of buildings and any other structures since its first edition in 1972.
• NBCP 2015: National Building Code of the Philippines
NBCP is a national law and a national development control that sets the
minimum standards for the physical planning, design, construction, operation,
maintenance, use and occupancy of buildings.
• Planning and Design of Airports 5th Edition 2010
A reference and college text, which reflect the significant changes that
have occurred in the aviation industry, the new edition of this classic text offers
definitive guidance on every aspect of planning, designing, engineering, and
renovating airports and terminals.
• Steel Construction Manual of American Institute of Steel Construction

(AISC) 15th Edition 2017
15th Edition of the Steel Construction Manual will contain the latest
standards, such as the 2016 AISC Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, in
81
addition to new design criteria and new design tables and aids for steel building
design and construction.
• Manual for Wind Load Calculations based on Section 207 of NSCP 2015,
Volume I
Understand and learn the basic wind load calculation as applied to tower
structure based on this section.
• The Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines (ASEP) Steel

Handbook 1994
The information included in this publication has been prepared on

generally accepted engineering principle and provisions of applicable codes and
standard specifications for steel construction.
• Arup SSN UK SCDG Issue 1 | 1 December 2017
This book is used for investigating of the stability, strength and rigidity of
structures. The basic objective in structural analysis and design is to produce a
structure capable of resisting all applied loads without failure during its intended
life.
• CSiSteel Application
CSiSteel features a comprehensive library of steel sections and their

structural properties.
• Onyx Solar
Onyx Solar is the world’s leading manufacturer of transparent

photovoltaic (PV) glass for buildings. Onyx Solar uses photovoltaic glass as a
material for building purposes as well as an electricity-generating material, with
the aim of capturing the sunlight and turn it into electricity.
82
3.1.2 COMPUTER SOFTWARE PROGRAMS

a. AutoCAD 2018
AutoCAD can be defined as the use of computer

systems to assist in the creation, modification, optimization of a
design. In this, we can create both 2D and 3D drawings used in
construction and manufacturing.
b. Autodesk REVIT 2020
Revit is BIM software that brings all architecture,

engineering, and construction disciplines into a unified modeling
environment, driving more efficient and cost-effective projects.
c. ENSCAPE
Enscape is a commercial real-time rendering and virtual

reality plugin. It is mainly used in the architecture, engineering, and
construction fields.
d. ETABS 2016
ETABS is an engineering software product that

caters to multi-story building analysis and design. Modeling tools
and templates, code-based load prescriptions, analysis methods and
solution techniques, all coordinate with the grid-like geometry
unique to this class of structure.
83
e. MICROSOFT WORD
Microsoft Word or MS Word is a popular word-

processing program used mainly for creating documents, such as
brochures, letters, learning activities, quizzes, tests, and students'
homework assignment
f. MICROSOFT EXCEL
Microsoft Excel is the industry leading spreadsheet software

program, a powerful data visualization and analysis tool.
84
3.1.3 MATERIALS AND SPECIFICATION

The material specification and specified design data for structural design and detailing of
concrete and steel members shall be in relation with the following material strengths specified:
A. Concrete
Table 3.1
Concrete Material Properties
Concrete Material Properties
Normal 24 𝑘𝑁/𝑚3
Weight Stairs 24 𝑘𝑁/𝑚3
Compressive Strength of Column, Beam and Slab 28 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Concrete (f’c)
Footing 35 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Yielding Strength of ≥ ∅ 16 𝑚𝑚 414 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Steel (fy)
≤ ∅ 12 𝑚𝑚 276 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Modulus of Elasticity of Normal Weight 4700√𝑓′𝑐
Concrete (Ec)
B. Structural Steel
Table 3.2
Structural Steel Material Properties
Structural Steel Material Properties
ASTM A50
Yielding Strength of Structural 420 MPa or 60 ksi

Steel, (Fy)
Modulus of Elasticity, (Es) 200,000 MPa

85
C. Photovoltaic Glass
Table 3.3
Photovoltaic Glass Material Properties
Photovoltaic Glass Material Properties
Thickness 18.24 mm
Weight 58.90 kg
Density 2.5 kg/m2 per 1mm width
Length 1245 mm
Width 1242 mm
Type of PV Cell a-Si Thin Film Solar Cells
Transparency Degree S-Clear 10%
Nominal Peak Power 73.32 Wp
Open-circuit Voltage 94 Voc (V)
Short-circuit current 1,15 Isc (A)
Current at nominal power 1,04 Impp (A)
Voltage at nominal power 70, 50 Vmpp (V)
Power Tolerance ± 5%
Maximum system voltage 1000 Vsys (V)
D. Ceramic Materials
Table 3.4
Ceramic Material Properties
Ceramic Material Properties
Materials Alumina Porcelain
Specific Gravity 3.1-3.9
Coefficient Of Linear Expansion, (α) (m/m K) 5.5-8.1
Maximum Safe Operating Temperature, (°C) 1,350-1,500
86
Thermal Conductivity, (k) – 7-50

(10-3 cal/(cm sec °C)
Tensile Strength, (σ) – (psi) 8,000-30,000
Compressive Strength, (σ) – (psi) 8,000-25,000
Flexural Strength, (σ) – (psi) 20,000-45,000
Modulus Of Elasticity, (E) - (106 psi) 15-52
87
3.1.4. DESIGN LOADS

3.1.4.1 DEAD LOAD
Dead loads are gravity loads which include the weight of all materials and fixed
equipment incorporated into the building or other structure.
Table 3.5
Design Dead Load of Ground Floor to Fourth Floor
Ground To Fourth Floor
Ceilings
Gypsum Board (15 mm) 0.12
Mechanical Duct Allowance 0.2
Suspended Steel Channel System 0.1
Floor Fill
Stone Concrete (120 mm) 0.023
Plumbing 0.05
Wiring 0.5
Covering, Roof and Wall
Cement Tile 0.77
Frame Walls
Windows, Glass, Frame, And Sash 0.38
Floor And Floor Finishes
Cement Finish (25 mm) 1.53
Partition Wall 1
88
Table 3.6
Design Dead Load of Roof Deck
Roof Deck
Ceilings
Floor Fill
Plumbing 0.05
Wiring 0.5
HVAC 0.4
Table 3.7
Design Dead Load of Roof for Gate
Roof For Gate
Ceilings
Floor Fill
Plumbing 0.05
Wiring 0.5
HVAC 0
89
3.1.4.2 SUPERIMPOSED DEAD LOAD

Superimposed dead loads consist of loads of permanent fixtures and fittings such as
ceilings, air-conditioning ducts, floor finishes, partitions etc.
Table 3.8
Design Superimposed Dead Load of Ground to Fourth Floor
Ground to Fourth Floor
Ceilings
Plumbing 0.05
Wiring 0.5
Covering, Roof and Wall
Cement Tile 0.77
Frame Walls
Windows, Glass, Frame, And Sash 0.38
Floor And Floor Finishes
Cement Finish (25 mm) 1.53
Table 3.9
Design Superimposed Dead Load of Roof Deck
Roof Deck
Ceilings
Gypsum Board (15mm) 0.12
Plumbing 0.05
Wiring 0.5
HVAC 0.4
90
Table 3.10
Design Superimposed Dead Load of Roof for Gate
Roof For Gate
Ceilings
Plumbing 0.05
Wiring 0.5
HVAC 0
91
3.1.4.3 LIVE LOAD

Live Load Are those loads produced by the use and occupancy of the building or either
structure and do not include dead load, construction loads or environmental loads.
Table 3.11
Design Live Load of Ground Floor
Ground Floor
Access Floor Systems
Office Use 2.4
Theaters, Assembly Areas, and Auditoriums
Fixed Seats 2.9
Lobbies And Platforms 4.8
Exit Facilities 4.8
Office
Lobbies And Ground Floor Corridors 4.8
Manufacturing
Heavy 12
Table 3.12
Design Live Load of Second Floor
Second Floor
Access Floor Systems
Office Use 2.4
Theaters, Assembly Areas, and Auditoriums
Fixed Seats 2.9
Lobbies and Platforms 4.8
Exit Facilities 4.8
Hospitals
Ward and Rooms 1.9
92
Office
Lobbies and Second Floor Corridors 4.8
Manufacturing
Heavy 12
Escalator 8.7
Table 3.13
Design Live Load of Third Floor
Third Floor
Office
Lobbies and Third Floor Corridors 4.8
Stores
Retail 4.8
Wholesale 6
Exit Facilities 4.8
Escalator 8.7
Table 3.14
Design Live Load of Fourth Floor
Fourth Floor
Office
Lobbies and Fourth Floor Corridors 4.8
Stores
Retail 4.8
Dining Rooms and Restaurants 4.8
Exit Facilities 4.8
Escalator 8.7
93
Table 3.15
Design Live Load of Roof Deck
Roof Deck
Roof Deck 1.9
Water Tank 19.5
Air Cooled 0.4
Table 3.16
Design Live Load of Roof for Gate
Roof For Gate
Roof Decks 1.9
Water Tank 19.5
Air Cooled 0.4
94
3.1.4.4 EARTHQUAKE LOAD

The purpose of the earthquake provisions is primarily to safeguard against major
structural failures and loss of life, not to limit or maintain function. Structures and
portions thereof shall, as a minimum be designed and constructed to resist the effects
of seismic ground motions as provided in NSCP Section 208.
3.1.4.4.1 Seismic Importance Factor

For purpose of earthquake resistant design, each placed in one of Special occupancy
categories listed in Table 103-1. Table 208-1 assigns importance factors, I and Ip, and
structural observation requirement for each category
Table 3.17
Seismic Importance Factor
Occupancy Category Seismic Importance Factor, Seismic Importance Factor,
Ip
I
III. Special Occupancy 1.00 1.00
Structures
3.1.4.4.2. Seismic Zone

The Philippine archipelago is divided into two seismic zones only. Zone 2 covers
the provinces of Palawan, Sulu and Tawi-tawi while the rest of the country is under Zone 4 as
shown in Figure 208-1 of NSCP. Each Structure shall be assigned a seismic zone factor Z, in
accordance with Table 208-3.
Table 3.18
Seismic Zone
Zone 2 4
Z 0.20 0.40 Will govern

95
Figure 3.1
Referenced Seismic Map of the Philippines
From National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume I, 7th Edition, [Image]. 2015
3.1.4.3. Seismic Source Type
The origin location and type of seismic sources to be used for design shall be
established based on approved geological data; see Figure 208-2A of NSCP. Type A
sources shall be determined from Figures 208-2B, C, D, E of NSCP or the most recent
mapping of active faults by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
(PHIVOLCS).
Table 3.19
Seismic Parameters
Seismic Parameters Description
Seismic Zone Z IV Area in Zone 4 of
Seismic Zone Factor 0.40 Referenced Seismic
Map of the Philippines
Seismic Importance III 1.00 Special Occupancy
Factor Structures
Seismic Source Type A Faults that are capable
of producing large
magnitude events and
96
that have a high rate of

seismic activity
7.0 ≤ M ≤ 8.4
Near Source Factor Na 1.0 Closest Distance to
Nv 1.0 Known Seismic Source
Soil Profile Type SD Stiff Soil
Seismic Coefficient Ca 0.44 Soil Profile Type of
Cv 0.64 SD
Numerical Ct 0.0731 Reinforces concrete
Coefficient gives in moment resisting frame
Section 208.5.2.2 and braced frames
Overstrength Factor R 8.5 Moment Resisting
Seismic Force Ω 2.8 Frame System
Amplification Factor
3.1.4.4. Distance from the fault to the Project
a. Nearest Seismic Source from the Structure: Lubang Fault
b. Distance: 32.9 km
97
3.1.4.5 WIND LOAD
Buildings, towers and other vertical structures, including the Main Wind-Force
Resisting System (MWFRS) and all components and cladding thereof, shall be
designed and constructed to resist wind loads as specified in Section 207 of NSCP
2015 7th edition
Table 3.20
Wind Load Parameters
Basic Parameters
A. Location
B. Occupancy Category
III. Special Occupancy Structures
C. Basic Wind Speed In M/S, (V)
69.444
D. Wind Directionality Factor, (Kd)
Main Wind Force Resisting System (MWFRS) 0.85
E. Surface Roughness Category C
F. Wind Exposure Category
Exposure C
G. Type of Structure Rigid
H. Topographic Factor, (Kzt) 1
I. Gust Effect Factor, (G) 0.85
J. Enclosure Classification, (Gcpi)
Enclosed 0.18
-0.18
98
Figure 3.2
Basic Wind Speed for Occupancy Category II, IV, and V Building and Other Structure
From National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume I, 7th Edition, [Image]. 2015
99
3.1.5 LOAD COMBINATION

These are the following combinations of factored loads that shall resist from the most critical
effects of a structures:
Load Combinations using Strength Design or Load Resistance Factor Design
(NSCP 203.3)
Basic Load Combination (NSCP 203.3.1)
𝟏. 𝟒(𝑫 + 𝑭) (203-1)
𝟏. 𝟐(𝑫 + 𝑭 + 𝑻) + 𝟏. 𝟔(𝑳 + 𝑯) + 𝟎. 𝟓 (𝑳𝒓 𝑶𝑹 𝑹) (203-2)
𝟏. 𝟐𝑫 + 𝟏. 𝟔 (𝑳𝒓 𝑶𝑹 𝑹) + (𝒇𝟏 𝑳 𝑶𝑹 𝟎. 𝟓𝑊) (203-3)
𝟏. 𝟐𝑫 + 𝟏. 𝟎 𝑾 + 𝒇𝟏 𝑳 + 𝟎. 𝟓 (𝑳𝒓 𝑶𝑹 𝑹) (203-4)
𝟏. 𝟐𝑫 + 𝟏. 𝟎𝑬 + 𝒇𝟏 𝑳 (203-5)
𝟎. 𝟗𝑫 + 𝟏. 𝟎𝑾 + 𝟏. 𝟔𝑯 (203-6)
𝟎. 𝟗𝑫 + 𝟏. 𝟎𝑬 + 𝟏. 𝟔𝑯 (203-7)
where
𝒇𝟏 = 1.0 for floors in places of public assembly for live loads in excess of 4.8 kPa, and for
garage live load or
= 0.5 for other live loads
Load Combinations using Allowable Stress Design or Allowable Strength Design (NSCP
203.4)
Basic Load Combination (NSCP 203.4.1)
Where allowable stress design or allowable strength design is used, structures and all portions
thereof shall resist the most critical effects resulting from the following combinations of loads:
𝑫 + 𝑭 (203-8)
𝑫 + 𝑯 + 𝑭 + 𝑳 + 𝑻 (203 -9)
𝑫 + 𝑯 + 𝑭 + (𝑳𝒓 𝑶𝑹 𝑹) (203 -10)
𝑫 + 𝑭 + 𝑯 + 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 [ 𝑳 + 𝑻 + (𝑳𝒓 𝑶𝑹 𝑹)] (203-11)

100
𝑬
𝑫 + 𝑯 + 𝑭 + (𝟎. 𝟔𝑾 𝒐𝒓 ) (203 -12)
𝟏.𝟒
No increase in allowable stresses shall be used with these load combinations except specifically
permitted by Section 203.4.2
Alternate Basic Load Combination (NSCP 203.4.1)
In line with the basic load combinations specified in Section 203.4.1 of the National
Structural Code of the Philippines, structures and portions thereof shall be permitted to
be designed for the most critical effects resulting from the following load combinations.
When using these alternate basic load combinations, a one-third increase shall be
permitted in allowable stresses for all combinations, including W or E.

𝑬
𝑫 + 𝑯 + 𝑭 + 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 [𝐋 + 𝐋𝒓 + (𝟎. 𝟔𝐖 𝐨𝐫 )] (203-13)
𝟏.𝟒
𝟎. 𝟔𝑫 + 𝟎. 𝟔𝑾 + 𝑯 (203-14)
𝑬
𝟎. 𝟔𝑫 + 𝟏.𝟒 + 𝑯 (203-15)
𝑫 + 𝑳 + (𝑳𝒓 𝒐𝒓 𝑹) (203-16)
𝑫 + 𝑳 + 𝟎. 𝟔𝑾 (203-17)
𝑬
𝑫 + 𝑳 + (203-18)
𝟏.𝟒
Exception:
Crane hooks load need not to be combined with roof live load or with more than one one-half of
the wind load.
101
3.2 MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS MODEL
REINFORCED
CONCRETE
102
3.2.1 3D GEOMETRIC MODEL

The model geometry of the structure, generated with the design program ETABS, is shown in the figure below. It comprises a
three-dimensional model of the structure as well as an elevation.
Figure. 3.3
3D Geometric Model from ETABS
103
3.2.2 BASE SUPPORT CONNECTIONS MODEL STRUCTURAL

Figure. 3.4
Base Support Connection Model Structural
104
3.2.3 FRAMING PLANS ON MODEL

Figure. 3.5
Second Floor to Third Floor Framing Plan on Model from ETABS 2016
105
Figure. 3.6
Fourth Floor Framing Plan on Model from ETABS 2016
106
Figure. 3.7
Roof Deck Framing Plan on Model from ETABS 2016
107
Figure. 3.8
Roof Gate Framing Plan on Model from ETABS 2016
108
3.2.4 ELEVATION VIEWS ON MODEL
Figure. 3.9
Elevation Views Along G1-A
Figure. 3.10
Elevation Views Along G1-B
109
Figure. 3.11
Elevation Views Along G1-C
Figure. 3.12
Elevation Views Along G1-D
110
Figure. 3.13
Elevation Views Along G1-E
Figure. 3.14
Elevation Views Along G1-F
111
Figure. 3.15
Elevation Views Along G1-G
Figure. 3.16
Elevation Views Along G1-H
112
Figure. 3.17
Elevation Views Along G1-I
Figure. 3.18
Elevation Views Along G1-J
113
Figure. 3.19
Elevation Views Along G1-K
Figure. 3.20
Elevation Views Along G1-L
114
Figure. 3.21
Elevation Views Along G1-M
Figure. 3.22
Elevation Views Along G1-N
115
Figure. 3.23
Elevation Views Along G1-O
Figure. 3.24
Elevation Views Along G1-P
116
Figure. 3.25
Elevation Views Along G1-Q
Figure. 3.26
Elevation Views Along G1-R
117
Figure. 3.27
Elevation Views Along G1-1
Figure. 3.28
118
Figure. 3.29
Figure. 3.30
119
Figure. 3.31
Figure. 3.32
120
Figure. 3.33
Figure. 3.34
121
Figure. 3.35
Figure. 3.36
122
Figure. 3.37
Figure. 3.38
123
Figure. 3.39
Elevation Views Along Right
124
3.2.5 MATERIAL PROPERTY ASSIGNMENT INPUTS

Figure. 3.40
Material Property Design Data of Concrete
125
Figure. 3.41
Material Property Design Data of Steel (Grade 60)
126
3.2.6 FRAME SECTION PROPERTY INPUTS (SAMPLE INPUTS FOR BEAMS, SLABS, COLUMNS)
Figure. 3.42
Beam Property Data
127
Figure. 3.43
Column Property Data
128
Figure. 3.44
Slab Property Data of OS120
129
3.2.7 STIFFNESS MODIFIER FACTORS INPUTS (BEAMS, SLABS, COLUMNS)

Figure. 3.45 Figure. 3.46
Property/Stiffness Modification Factors of Beam Property/Stiffness Modification Factors of Column
130
Figure. 3.47
Property/Stiffness Modification Factors of Slab (OS120)
131
3.2.8 ASSIGNMENT OF RELEASE/PARTIAL FIXITY FOR FRAME MEMBERS

Figure. 3.48
Assignment of Release/Partial Fixity on Both Ends of The Members
132
Figure. 3.49
Assignment of Release/Partial Fixity for Second Floor
133
Figure. 3.50
Assignment of Release/Partial Fixity for Third Floor
134
Figure. 3.51
Assignment of Release/Partial Fixity for Fourth Floor
135
Figure. 3.52
Assignment of Release/Partial Fixity for Roof Deck
136
Figure. 3.53
Assignment of Release/Partial Fixity for Roof
137
3.2.9 OTHER ANALYSIS INPUTS (DIAPHRAGMS, MASS SOURCE, P DELTA, ETC.)

Figure. 3.54
Diaphragms Data of Second Floor
138
Figure. 3.55
Diaphragms Data of Third Floor
139
Figure. 3.56
Diaphragms Data of Fourth Floor
140
Figure. 3.57
Diaphragms Data of Roof Deck
141
Figure. 3.58
Diaphragms Data of Roof
142
Figure. 3.59
Mass Source Data
144
Figure. 3.60
P Delta
145
STEEL
146
3.2.1 3D Geometric Model
The model geometry of the structure, generated with the design program ETABS, is shown in the figure below. It
comprises a three-dimensional model of the structure as well as an elevation.
Figure. 3.61
3D Geometric Model from ETABS 2016
147
3.2.2 Base Support Connections Model Structural
Figure. 3.62
Base Support Connection Model Structural
148
3.2.3 Framing Plans on Model
Figure. 3.63
Second Floor to Third Floor Framing Plan on Model from ETABS 2016
149
Figure. 3.64
Fourth Floor Framing Plan on Model from ETABS 2016
150
Figure. 3.65
Roof Deck Plan on Model from ETABS 2016
151
Figure. 3.66
Roof Floor Plan on Model from ETABS 2016
152
3.2.4. Elevation Views on Model
Figure. 3.67
Elevation Views Along G1-A
Figure. 3.68
Elevation Views Along G1-B
153
Figure. 3.69
Elevation Views Along G1-C
Figure. 3.70
Elevation Views Along G1-D
154
Figure. 3.71
Elevation Views Along G1-E
Figure. 3.72
Elevation Views Along G1-F
155
Figure. 3.73
Elevation Views Along G1-G
Figure. 3.74
Elevation Views Along G1-H
156
Figure. 3.75
Elevation Views Along G1-I
Figure. 3.76
Elevation Views Along G1-J
157
Figure. 3.77
Elevation Views Along G1-K
Figure. 3.78
Elevation Views Along G1-L
158
Figure. 3.79
Elevation Views Along G1-M
Figure. 3.80
Elevation Views Along G1-N
159
Figure. 3.81
Elevation Views Along G1-O
Figure. 3.82
Elevation Views Along G1-P
160
Figure. 3.83
Elevation Views Along G1-Q
Figure. 3.84
Elevation Views Along G1-R
161
Figure. 3.85
Figure. 3.86
Elevation Views Along G1-
162
Figure. 3.87
Figure. 3.88
163
Figure. 3.89
Figure. 3.90
164
Figure. 3.91
Figure. 3.92
165
Figure. 3.93
Figure. 3.94
166
Figure. 3.95
Figure. 3.96
167
Figure. 3.97
Elevation Views Along Right
168
3.2.5 Material Property Assignment Inputs
Figure. 3.98
Material Property Design Data of Steel
169
3.2.6 Frame Section Property Inputs (Sample inputs for beams, slabs, columns)
Figure. 3.99 Figure. 3.100

Main Beam Property Data Column Property Data
170
Figure. 3.101
Slab Property Data
171
3.2.7 Stiffness Modifier Factors Inputs (Beams, Slabs, Columns)
Figure. 3.102
Property/Stiffness Modification Factors of Beam
172
Figure. 3.103
Property/Stiffness Modification Factors of Column
173
Figure. 3.104
Property/Stiffness Modification Factors of Slab
174
3.2.8 Assignment of Release/Partial Fixity for Frame members
Figure. 3.105
Assignment of Release/Partial Fixity on Both Ends of The Members
175
Figure. 3.106
Assignment of Release/Partial Fixity for Second to Third Floor
176
Figure. 3.107
Assignment of Release/Partial Fixity for Fourth Floor
177
Figure. 3.108
Assignment of Release/Partial Fixity for Roof De
178
3.2.9 OTHER ANALYSIS INPUTS (DIAPHRAGMS, MASS SOURCE, P DELTA, ETC.)
Figure. 3.109
Diaphragms Data of Second to Third Floor
179
Figure. 3.110
180
Figure. 3.111
181
Figure. 3.112
Diaphragms Data of Roof Deck
182
Figure. 3.113
Diaphragms Data of Roof
183
Figure. 3.114
Mass Source Data
184
Figure. 3.115
P Delta
185
3.3 LOAD COMPUTATION
3.3.1 DEAD LOAD BY SELF-WEIGHT MANUAL
REINFORCED CONCRETE
Slab Self-Weight
Sample Computation
Load = Unit Weight of Concrete x Slab Thickness x Tributary Area
Load = 24 kN/m3 (120 mm/1000) (10 m) (3.3333 m)
Slab Self-weight = 95.99904 kN
Total Slab Self-weight = Self-weight x Number of Slab
Total Self-Weight = 95.99904 kN x 6 = 576 kN
Table 3.21
Slab Self-Weight Located at Second to Fourth Floor
Second to Third Floor– Slab Self Weight
Slab Ln Sn Say Unit Weight of Concrete No. of Self-Weight
Name (mm) (mm) (mm) Slab
S1 10,000 3,333.333333 120 24 6 576
S2 10,000 3,333.333333 120 24 118 1,1328
S3 10,000 3,333.333333 120 24 80 7,679.999999
S4 10,000 3,333.333333 120 24 36 3,456
S5 10,000 3,333.333333 120 24 50 4,800
S6 10,000 3,333.333333 120 24 26 2,496
Area= 10880 Total Self-Weight of Slab: 30,336
186
Table 3.22
Slab Self-Weight Located at Fourth Floor
Fourth– SLAB SELF WEIGHT
S1 10,000 3,333.333333 120 24 4 384
S2 10,000 3,333.333333 120 24 96 9,215.999999
S3 10,000 3,333.333333 120 24 56 5,375.999999
S4 10,000 3,333.333333 120 24 36 3,456
S5 10,000 3,333.333333 120 24 50 4,800
S6 10,000 3,333.333333 120 24 26 2,496
Table 3.23
Slab Self-Weight Located at Roof Deck
Roof Deck – Slab Self Weight
S1 10,000 3,333.333333 120 24 4 384
S2 10,000 3,333.333333 120 24 96 9,215.999999
S3 10,000 3,333.333333 120 24 56 5,375.999999
S4 10,000 3,333.333333 120 24 36 3,456
S5 10,000 3,333.333333 120 24 52 4,992
S6 10,000 3,333.333333 120 24 26 2,496
S7 10,000 3,333.333333 120 24 45 4,320
187
Beam Self-Weight
Sample Computation
for Girder 1 of Second to Third Floor
Load = Unit Weight of Concrete x Beam Height x Beam Width x Beam Length
Load = 24 kN/m3 (0.55 m) (0.4 m) (10 m)
Beam Self-weight = 52.8 kN
Total Beam Self-weight = Self-weight x Number of Slab
Total Self-Weight = 52.8 x 6 = 316.8 kN
Table 3.24
Beam Self-Weight Located at Second to Fourth Floor
Second to Fourth Floor– Beam Self Weight
Beam Length Beam Beam Unit Weight Wbeam No. of Total
Name Height Width of Concrete Beams Weight
(H) (H/1.5)
mm mm mm kN/m3 kN kN
G1 10,000 550 400 24 52.8 6 316.8
G2 10,000 550 400 24 52.8 40 2,112
G3 10,000 550 400 24 52.8 12 633.6
G4 10,000 500 350 24 42 26 1,092
G5 10,000 500 350 24 42 16 672
G6 10,000 550 400 24 52.8 12 633.6
G7 10,000 500 350 24 42 12 504
G8 10,000 550 400 24 52.8 6 316.8
G9 10,000 500 350 24 42 26 1,092
G10 10,000 550 400 24 52.8 28 1,478.4
G11 10,000 500 350 24 42 26 1,092
G12 10,000 550 400 24 52.8 8 422.4
G13 10,000 500 350 24 42 16 672
G14 10,000 500 350 24 42 8 336
G15 10,000 550 400 24 52.8 6 316.8
188
B1 3,333.333 200 250 24 4 68 272

B2 3,333.333 200 250 24 4 22 87.99999999
B3 3,333.333 200 250 24 4 48 192
B4 3,333.333 200 250 24 4 20 79.99999999
B5 3,333.333 200 250 24 4 36 144
B6 3,333.333 200 250 24 4 18 71.99999999
Total Self-Weight of Beam: 12,538.4
Table 3.25
Beam Self-Weight Located at Fourth Floor
Fourth Floor– Beam Self Weight
(H) (H/1.5)
G1 10,000 550 400 24 52.8 4 211.2
G2 10,000 500 350 24 42 26 1092
G3 10,000 550 400 24 52.8 12 633.6
G4 10,000 500 350 24 42 26 1,092
G5 10,000 500 350 24 42 16 672
G6 10,000 550 400 24 48 12 633.6
G7 10,000 500 350 24 42 12 504
G8 10,000 550 400 24 52.8 4 211.2
G9 10,000 500 350 24 42 10 420
G10 10,000 550 400 24 52.8 28 1,478.4
G11 10,000 500 350 24 42 20 840
G12 10,000 550 400 24 48 8 422.4
G13 10,000 500 350 24 42 16 672
G14 10,000 500 350 24 42 8 336
G15 10,000 550 400 24 48 4 316.8
B1 3,333.333 200 250 24 4 60 240
B2 3,333.333 200 250 24 4 10 40
B3 3,333.333 200 250 24 4 36 144
B4 3,333.333 200 250 24 4 20 79.99999999
B5 3,333.333 200 250 24 4 36 144
B6 3,333.333 200 250 24 4 18 71.99999999
189
Table 3.26
Beam Self-Weight Located at Roof Deck
Roof Deck– Beam Self Weight
(H) (H/1.5)
G1 10,000 550 400 24 52.8 4 211.2
G2 10,000 500 350 24 42 26 1,092
G3 10,000 550 400 24 52.8 12 633.6
G4 10,000 500 350 24 42 26 1092
G5 10,000 500 350 24 42 16 672
G6 10,000 500 350 24 42 12 504
G7 10,000 500 350 24 42 12 504
G8 10,000 550 400 24 52.8 4 211.2
G9 10,000 500 350 24 42 10 420
G10 10,000 550 400 24 52.8 28 1,478.4
G11 10,000 500 350 24 42 20 840
G12 10,000 500 350 24 42 8 336
G13 10,000 500 350 24 42 16 672
G14 10,000 500 350 24 42 8 336
G15 10,000 500 350 24 42 6 252
B1 3,333.333 200 250 24 4 60 240
B2 3,333.333 200 250 24 4 10 40
B3 3,333.333 200 250 24 4 36 144
B4 3,333.333 200 250 24 4 20 79.99999999
B5 3,333.333 200 250 24 4 36 144
B6 3,333.333 200 250 24 4 18 71.99999999
B7 3,333.333 200 250 24 4 42 168
B8 3,333.333 200 250 24 4 30 120
190
Column Self-Weight
Sample Computation
For Column 1 of Second Floor
Load = Unit Weight of Concrete x Column Volume
Load = 24 kN/m3 (6 m) (0.4 m) (0.4 m)
Column Self-weight = 23.04 kN
Total Column Self-weight = Self-weight x Number of Column
Total Column Self-weight = 23.04 kN x 4 = 92.16 kN
Table 3.27
Column Self-Weight Located at Ground to Second Floor
Ground to Second Floor – Column Self Weight
Column Column Length Width Unit Weight of No. of Weight
Designation Height Concrete Column
C-1 6 0.4 0.4 24 4 92.16
C-2 6 0.5 0.5 24 12 432
C-3 6 0.6 0.6 24 28 1,451.52
C-4 6 0.8 0.8 24 58 5,345.28
C-5 6 0.5 0.5 24 4 144
C-6 6 0.6 0.6 24 12 622.08
C-7 6 0.3 0.3 24 12 155.52
C-8 6 0.3 0.3 24 4 51.84
C-9 6 0.3 0.3 24 14 181.44
C-10 6 0.4 0.4 24 6 138.24
Total Self-Weight of Column: 8,614.08
191
Table 3.28
Column Self-Weight Located at Second to Third Floor
Second to Third Floor – Column Self Weight
C-1 4 0.35 0.35 24 4 47.04
C-2 4 0.45 0.45 24 12 233.28
C-3 4 0.45 0.45 24 28 544.32
C-4 4 0.7 0.7 24 58 2,728.32
C-5 4 0.4 0.4 24 4 61.44
C-6 4 0.5 0.5 24 12 288
C-7 4 0.3 0.3 24 12 103.68
C-8 4 0.3 0.3 24 4 34.56
C-9 4 0.3 0.3 24 14 120.96
C-10 4 0.3 0.3 24 6 51.84
Total Self- Weight of Column: 4,213.44
Table 3.29
Column Self-Weight Located at Third to Fourth Floor
Third to Fourth Floor – Column Self Weight
C-1 4 0.3 0.3 24 4 34.56
C-2 4 0.35 0.35 24 12 141.12
C-3 4 0.3 0.3 24 28 241.92
C-4 4 0.6 0.6 24 58 2,004.48
C-5 4 0.35 0.35 24 4 47.04
C-6 4 0.4 0.4 24 12 184.32
C-7 4 0.3 0.3 24 12 103.68
192
Table 3.30
Column Self-Weight Located at Fourth Floor to Roof Deck
Fourth Floor to Roof Deck – Column Self Weight
C-1 4 0.3 0.3 24 4 34.56
C-2 4 0.3 0.3 24 12 103.68
C-3 4 0.3 0.3 24 28 241.92
C-4 4 0.5 0.5 24 58 1392
C-5 4 0.3 0.3 24 4 34.56
C-6 4 0.3 0.3 24 12 103.68
C-7 4 0.3 0.3 24 12 103.68
193
Shear Wall Self-Weight
Sample Computation
Load = Unit Weight of Concrete x Length x Thickness x Height
Load = (24 kN/m3) (17.694 m) (200 mm/1000) (6)
Shear Wall Self-weight = 509.5872 kN
Total Shear Wall Self-weight = Self-weight x Number of Shear wall
Total Shear Wall Self-weight = 509.5872 kN x 2 = 1,019.1744 kN
Table 3.31
Shear Wall Self-Weight
Shear Wall
Floor Length Thickness Height Unit No. of Total
Weight of Column Self-Weight
Concrete
Roof 17.694 0.2 4 24 2 679.4496
Fourth 17.694 0.2 4 24 2 679.4496
Floor
Third 17.694 0.2 4 24 2 679.4496
Floor
Second 17.694 0.2 6 24 2 1,019.1744
Floor
Total Self-Weight of Shear Wall: 3,057.5232
194
Table 3.32
Total Self-Weight of the Building
Floor Element No. of Pieces Weight (kN)
Beam Girder 460.00 12,538.40
Second Floor
Column C1 - C10 154 8,614.08

Shear 1,019.17
Wall
Slab S1 - S6 316 30,336.00
Total 52,507.65
Beam Girder 460.00 12,538.40
Column C1 - C7 154 4,213.44

Third Floor
Shear 679.45
Wall
Slab S1 - S6 316 30,336.00
Total 47,767.29
Beam Girder 388.00 10,255.20
Fourth Floor
Column C1 - C7 130 2,757.12
Shear 679.45
Wall
Slab S1 - S6 268 25,728.00
Total 39,419.77
Beam Girder 462.00 10,118.40
Column C1 - C7 130.00 2014.08

Roof Deck
Shear 679.45
Wall
Slab S1 - S7 315 30,240.00
Total 43,051.93
Beam Girder 0 0.00
Column C1 - C7 4.00 207.36
Roof
Shear 0.00
Wall
Slab S1 - S7 806.40
Total 1,013.76
Total Weight of the Building: 18,3760.40
195
3.3.1 DEAD LOAD BY SELF-WEIGHT MANUAL
STEEL
Beam Self-Weight
Sample Computation
For Girder 1 of Second Floor
Load = Steel Weight x 9.81/1000 x Beam Length
Load = 543 x 9.81/1000 x 10 m
Total Self-Weight = 53.2683 kN x 6 = 319.6098 kN
Table 3.33
Beam Self-Weight Located at Second Floor
Second Floor
Specific No. of
Members Steel Type kg/m L(m) W Total
Gravity Beams
G1 W21x364 543 9.81 10 53.2683 6 319.6098
G2 W21x364 543 9.81 10 53.2683 40 2,130.732
G3 W21x364 543 9.81 10 53.2683 12 6,39.2196
G4 W21x364 543 9.81 10 53.2683 26 1,384.9758
G5 W21x364 543 9.81 10 53.2683 16 852.2928
G6 W21x364 543 9.81 10 53.2683 12 639.2196
G7 W21x364 543 9.81 10 53.2683 12 639.2196
G8 W21x364 543 9.81 10 53.2683 6 319.6098
G9 W21x364 543 9.81 10 53.2683 26 1,384.9758
G10 W21x364 543 9.81 10 53.2683 28 1,491.5124
G11 W21x364 543 9.81 10 53.2683 26 1,384.9758
G12 W21x364 543 9.81 10 53.2683 8 426.1464
G13 W21x364 543 9.81 10 53.2683 16 852.2928
196
G14 W21x364 543 9.81 10 53.2683 8 426.1464

G15 W21x364 543 9.81 10 53.2683 6 319.6098
B1 W18x76 113.2 9.81 3.33333333 3.70164 68 251.71152
B2 W18x76 113.2 9.81 3.33333333 3.70164 22 81.43607999
B3 W18x76 113.2 9.81 3.33333333 3.70164 48 177.67872
B4 W18x76 113.2 9.81 3.33333333 3.70164 20 74.03279999
B5 W18x76 113.2 9.81 3.33333333 3.70164 36 133.25904
B6 W18x76 113.2 9.81 3.33333333 3.70164 18 66.62951999
Table 3.34
Beam Self-Weight Located at Third Floor
Third Floor
Specific No. of
Gravity Beams
G1 W21X364 543 9.81 10 53.2683 6 319.6098
G2 W21X364 543 9.81 10 53.2683 40 2,130.732
G3 W21X364 543 9.81 10 53.2683 12 639.2196
G4 W21X364 543 9.81 10 53.2683 26 1,384.9758
G5 W21X364 543 9.81 10 53.2683 16 852.2928
G6 W21X364 543 9.81 10 53.2683 12 639.2196
G7 W21X364 543 9.81 10 53.2683 12 639.2196
G8 W21X364 543 9.81 10 53.2683 6 319.6098
G9 W21X364 543 9.81 10 53.2683 26 1,384.9758
G10 W21X364 543 9.81 10 53.2683 28 1,491.5124
G11 W21X364 543 9.81 10 53.2683 26 1,384.9758
G12 W21X364 543 9.81 10 53.2683 8 426.1464
G13 W21X364 543 9.81 10 53.2683 16 852.2928
G14 W21X364 543 9.81 10 53.2683 8 426.1464
G15 W21X364 543 9.81 10 53.2683 6 319.6098
B1 W18X76 113.2 9.81 3.33333333 3.70164 68 251.71152
B2 W18X76 113.2 9.81 3.33333333 3.70164 22 81.43607999
B3 W18X76 113.2 9.81 3.33333333 3.70164 48 177.67872
B4 W18X76 113.2 9.81 3.33333333 3.70164 20 74.03279999
B5 W18X76 113.2 9.81 3.33333333 3.70164 36 133.25904
B6 W18X76 113.2 9.81 3.33333333 3.70164 18 66.62951999
197
Table 3.35
Beam Self-Weight Located at Fourth Floor
Fourth Floor
Specific No. of
Gravity Beams
G1 W18x283 422.2 9.81 10 41.41782 4 165.67128
G2 W18x283 422.2 9.81 10 41.41782 26 1,076.86332
G3 W18x283 422.2 9.81 10 41.41782 12 497.01384
G4 W18x283 422.2 9.81 10 41.41782 26 1,076.86332
G5 W18x283 422.2 9.81 10 41.41782 16 662.68512
G6 W18x283 422.2 9.81 10 41.41782 12 497.01384
G7 W18x283 422.2 9.81 10 41.41782 12 497.01384
G8 W18x283 422.2 9.81 10 41.41782 4 165.67128
G9 W18x283 422.2 9.81 10 41.41782 10 414.1782
G10 W18x283 422.2 9.81 10 41.41782 28 1,159.69896
G11 W18x283 422.2 9.81 10 41.41782 20 828.3564
G12 W18x283 422.2 9.81 10 41.41782 8 331.34256
G13 W18x283 422.2 9.81 10 41.41782 16 662.68512
G14 W18x283 422.2 9.81 10 41.41782 8 331.34256
G15 W18x283 422.2 9.81 10 41.41782 6 248.50692
B1 W18x76 113.2 9.81 3.33333333 3.70164 60 222.0984
B2 W18x76 113.2 9.81 3.33333333 3.70164 10 37.0164
B3 W18x76 113.2 9.81 3.33333333 3.70164 36 133.25904
B4 W18x76 113.2 9.81 3.33333333 3.70164 20 74.03279999
B5 W18x76 113.2 9.81 3.33333333 3.70164 36 133.25904
B6 W18x76 113.2 9.81 3.33333333 3.70164 18 66.62951999
Table 3.36
Beam Self-Weight Located at Roof Deck
Roof Deck
Specific No. of
Gravity Beams
G1 W18x283 422.2 9.81 10 41.41782 4 165.67128
G2 W18x283 422.2 9.81 10 41.41782 26 1,076.86332
G3 W18x283 422.2 9.81 10 41.41782 12 497.01384
G4 W18x283 422.2 9.81 10 41.41782 26 1,076.86332
G5 W18x283 422.2 9.81 10 41.41782 16 662.68512
G6 W18x283 422.2 9.81 10 41.41782 14 579.84948
198
G7 W18x283 422.2 9.81 10 41.41782 12 497.01384

G8 W18x283 422.2 9.81 10 41.41782 4 165.67128
G9 W18x283 422.2 9.81 10 41.41782 10 414.1782
G10 W18x283 422.2 9.81 10 41.41782 28 1,159.69896
G11 W18x283 422.2 9.81 10 41.41782 20 828.3564
G12 W18x283 422.2 9.81 10 41.41782 8 331.34256
G13 W18x283 422.2 9.81 10 41.41782 16 662.68512
G14 W18x283 422.2 9.81 10 41.41782 8 331.34256
G15 W18x283 422.2 9.81 10 41.41782 6 248.50692
B1 W18x76 113.2 9.81 3.33333333 3.70164 60 222.0984
B2 W18x76 113.2 9.81 3.33333333 3.70164 10 37.0164
B3 W18x76 113.2 9.81 3.33333333 3.70164 36 133.25904
B4 W18x76 113.2 9.81 3.33333333 3.70164 20 74.03279999
B5 W18x76 113.2 9.81 3.33333333 3.70164 36 133.25904
B6 W18x76 113.2 9.81 3.33333333 3.70164 18 66.62951999
B7 W18x76 113.2 9.81 3.33333333 3.70164 42 155.46888
B8 W18x76 113.2 9.81 3.33333333 3.70164 30 111.0492
199
Column Self-Weight
Sample Computation
For Column 1 of Second Floor
Load = Steel Weight x 9.81/1000 x Column Height
Load = 410 kg/m x 9.81/1000 x 6 m
Total Self-Weight = 24.1326 x 6 = 96.5304 kN
Table 3.37
Column Self-Weight Located at Ground to Second Floor
Second Floor
Member Steel kg/m Specific L(m) W No. of Total
Type Gravity Column
C-1 W21x275 410.0 9.81 6 24.1326 4 96.5304
C-2 W21x402 598.8 9.81 6 35.245368 12 422.944416
C-3 W21x402 598.8 9.81 6 35.245368 28 986.870304
C-4 W21x402 598.8 9.81 6 35.245368 58 2,044.231344
C-5 W21x402 598.8 9.81 6 35.245368 4 140.981472
C-6 W21x402 598.8 9.81 6 35.245368 12 422.944416
C-7 W21x402 598.8 9.81 6 35.245368 12 422.944416
C-8 W21x101 151.2 9.81 6 8.899632 4 35.598528
C-9 W21x101 151.2 9.81 6 8.899632 14 124.594848
C-10 W21x101 151.2 9.81 6 8.899632 6 53.397792
200
Table 3.38
Column Self-Weight Located at Third Floor
Third Floor
Type Gravity Column
C-1 W21x201 300.4 9.81 4 11.787696 4 47.150784
C-2 W21x275 410.0 9.81 4 16.0884 12 193.0608
C-3 W21x275 410.0 9.81 4 16.0884 28 450.4752
C-4 W21x275 410.0 9.81 4 16.0884 58 933.1272
C-5 W21x275 410.0 9.81 4 16.0884 4 64.3536
C-6 W21x275 410.0 9.81 4 16.0884 12 193.0608
C-7 W21x275 410.0 9.81 4 16.0884 12 193.0608
C-8 W21x101 151.2 9.81 4 5.933088 4 23.732352
C-9 W21x101 151.2 9.81 4 5.933088 14 83.063232
C-10 W21x101 151.2 9.81 4 5.933088 6 35.598528
Table 3.39
Column Self-Weight Located at Fourth Floor
Fourth Floor
Member Steel Type kg/m Specific L(m) W No. of Total
Gravity Column
C-1 W21x101 151.2 9.81 4 5.933088 4 23.732352
C-2 W21x201 300.4 9.81 4 11.787696 12 141.452352
C-3 W21x201 300.4 9.81 4 11.787696 28 330.055488
C-4 W21x201 300.4 9.81 4 11.787696 58 683.686368
C-5 W21x201 300.4 9.81 4 11.787696 4 47.150784
C-6 W21x201 300.4 9.81 4 11.787696 12 141.452352
C-7 W21x201 300.4 9.81 4 11.787696 12 141.452352
201
Table 3.40
Column Self-Weight Located at Roof Deck
Roof Deck
Type Gravity Column
C-1 W21x101 151.2 9.81 4 5.933088 4 23.732352
C-2 W21x101 151.2 9.81 4 5.933088 12 71.197056
C-3 W21x101 151.2 9.81 4 5.933088 28 166.126464
C-4 W21x101 151.2 9.81 4 5.933088 58 344.119104
C-5 W21x101 151.2 9.81 4 5.933088 4 23.732352
C-6 W21x101 151.2 9.81 4 5.933088 12 71.197056
C-7 W21x101 151.2 9.81 4 5.933088 12 71.197056
Total Self-Weight of Column: 771.30144
202
Table 3.41
Total Self-Weight of the Building
Self-Weight Calculation
Floor Element No. of Weight (kN)

Pieces
Beam Girder 460.00 1,3995.29
Second Floor
Column C1 - C10 154 4751.04

Shear Wall 1,019.17
Slab S1 - S6 316 3,0336.00
Total 50,101.50
Beam Girder 460.00 1,3995.29
Third Floor
Column C1 - C7 154 2,216.68

Shear Wall 679.45
Slab S1 - S6 316 30,336.00
Total 47,227.42
Beam Girder 388.00 9,281.20

Fourth Floor
Column C1 - C7 130 1,508.98

Shear Wall 679.45
Slab S1 - S6 268 25,728.00
Total 37,197.63
Beam Girder 462.00 9,630.55548

Roof Deck
Column C1 - C7 130.00 771.30144

Shear Wall 679.45
Slab S1 - S7 315 30,240.00
Total 40,641.86
Beam Girder 0
Column C1 - C7 142.394112
Roof
Shear Wall 767.9999999

Slab S1 - S7
Total 910.39
Total Weight of the Building: 176,078.80
203
3.3.2 DEAD LOAD BY SELF-WEIGHT COMPUTER GENERATED CALCULATION
Table 3.42
Computer Generated Dead Load By Self-Weight Computer Generated of Reinforced Concrete Structure
Table 3.43
Computer Generated Dead Load By Self-Weight Computer Generated of Steel Structure
204
3.3.3 SUPERIMPOSED DEAD LOADS
Figure 3.116
Superimposed Dead Loads Located at Second to Third Floor-Manual
205
Figure 3.117
Superimposed Dead Loads Located at Fourth Floor-Manual
206
Figure 3.118
Superimposed Dead Loads Located at Fourth Floor-Manual
207
3.3.4 SUPERIMPOSED DEAD LOAD APPLICATION MODEL
Figure 3.119
Superimposed Dead Load Application Model Located in Second to Third Floor
208
Figure 3.120
Superimposed Dead Load Application Model Located in Fourth Floor
209
Figure 3.121
Superimposed Dead Load Application Model Located in Roof Deck
210
Figure 3.122
Superimposed Dead Load Application Model Located in Roof
211
3.3.5 LIVE LOAD APPLICATION ON MODEL
Figure 3.123
Live Load Application on Model Located in Second to Third Floor
212
Figure 3.124
Live Load Application on Model Located in Fourth Floor
213
Figure 3.125
Live Load Application on Model Located in Roof Deck
214
Figure 3.126
Live Load Application on Model Located in Roof
215
3.3.6 SEISMIC ANALYSIS

Figure 3.127
Design Flowchart for Seismic Analysis
216
3.3.6a MANUAL SEISMIC BASE SHEAR CALCULATION
EARTHQUAKE LOAD PARAMETERS:
◼ Location of structure: Brgy. Cogunan Nasugbu, Batangas

◼ Distance from nearest Fault: 32.9 km
◼ Occupancy Category: III
◼ Soil Type SD
◼ Seismic Zone Type: 4
◼ Seismic Zone Factor: 0.40
◼ Seismic Source Type: A
◼ Seismic Importance Factor: 1.00
◼ Near-Source Factor, Na: 1.0
◼ Near-Source Factor, Nv: 1.0
◼ Seismic Coefficient, Ca: 0.44Na ≈ 0.44(1.0) = 0.44
◼ Seismic Coefficient, Cv: 0.64Nv≈ 0.64(1.0) = 0.64
◼ Height of Structure, hn: 22 m
Design Base Shear
The total design base shear in a given direction shall be determined from the following equation:
𝑪𝑽 𝑰
𝑽= 𝑾 (208-8)
𝑹𝑻
The total design base shear need not to exceed the following:
𝑪𝒂 𝑰
𝑽 = 𝟐. 𝟓 𝑾 (208-9)
𝑹
The total design base shear shall not less than the following:
𝑽 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝑪𝒂 𝑰𝑾 (208-10)
In addition, for seismic zone 4, the total based shear shall also not less than the following:
𝟎.𝟖𝒁𝑵𝑽𝑰
𝑽= 𝑾 (208-11)
𝑹
217
Structure Period
The value of T shall be determined by the following method:

For all building, the value of T may be approximated from the following equation:
𝟑
𝑻 = 𝑪 𝒕 (𝒉𝒏 )𝟒 (208-11)
Where
Ct=0.0853 for steel moment-resisting frames
Ct=0.0731 for reinforced concrete moment-resisting frames and eccentrically braced frames.
Ct=0.0488 for all other buildings
Table 3.44
Load of the Structure – Reinforced Concrete
Floors DL
Roof 1,013.76
Roof Deck 43,366.33
Fourth Floor 39,225.37
Third Floor 47,455.29
Second Floor 52,195.65
Total Loads 183,760.40 kN
Table 3.45
Load of the Structure – Steel
Floors DL
Roof 910.39
Roof Deck 40,641.86
Fourth Floor 37,197.63
Third Floor 47,227.42
Second Floor 50,101.50
Total Loads 176,078.80 kN
218
Computation of Structure Period
FORMULA:
𝟑
𝑻 = 𝑪 𝒕 (𝒉𝒏 )𝟒
➢ For Steel Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF)

𝟑
𝑻 = 𝑪 𝒕 (𝒉𝒏 )𝟒
𝟑
𝑻 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟓𝟑 (𝟐𝟐)𝟒
𝑻 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟔𝟔𝟒𝟗𝟒𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟔𝟑 𝒔 : will USE for STEEL
➢ For reinforced concrete moment-resisting frames and eccentrically braced frames (RCMRF /
EBF)
𝟑
𝑻 = 𝑪 𝒕 (𝒉𝒏 )𝟒
𝟑
𝑻 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟕𝟑𝟏 (𝟐𝟐)𝟒
𝐓 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟒𝟐𝟓𝟔𝟒𝟖𝟒𝟗𝟖𝟖 𝐬 ∶ 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐔𝐒𝐄 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐑𝐂𝐃
➢ For all other buildings

𝟑
𝑻 = 𝑪 𝒕 (𝒉𝒏 )𝟒
𝟑
𝑻 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟖𝟖 (𝟐𝟐)𝟒
𝑻 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟗𝟓𝟕𝟐𝟎𝟒𝟒𝟔𝟗𝟖 𝒔
219
Computation of Design Base Shear (RCD)
➢ Design Base Shear
FORMULA:
𝑪𝑽 𝑰
𝑽= 𝑾
𝑹𝑻
𝟎. 𝟔𝟒(𝟏. 𝟎)
𝑽= (𝟏𝟖𝟐𝟐𝟒𝟐. 𝟔𝟒𝐤𝐍)
𝟖. 𝟓(𝟎. 𝟕𝟒𝟐𝟓𝟔𝟒𝟖𝟒𝟗𝟖𝟖𝐬)
𝑽 = 𝟏𝟖, 𝟒𝟕𝟖. 𝟗𝟐𝟑𝟏𝟐𝟓
➢ Maximum Base Shear
FORMULA:
𝑪𝒂 𝑰
𝑽 = 𝟐. 𝟓 𝑾
𝑹
𝟐. 𝟓(𝟎. 𝟒𝟒)(𝟏. 𝟎)
𝑽= (𝟏𝟖𝟐𝟐𝟒𝟐. 𝟔𝟒𝐤𝐍)
𝟖. 𝟓
𝑽 = 𝟐𝟑, 𝟓𝟖𝟒. 𝟑𝟒𝟐𝟎𝟔 > 𝟏𝟖, 𝟒𝟕𝟖. 𝟗𝟐𝟑𝟏𝟐𝟓
➢ Minimum Base Shear

FORMULA:
𝑽 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝑪𝒂 𝑰𝑾
𝑽 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟏(𝟎. 𝟒𝟒)(𝟏. 𝟎)(𝟏𝟖𝟐𝟐𝟒𝟐. 𝟔𝟒𝐤𝐍)
𝑽 = 𝟖𝟖𝟐𝟎. 𝟓𝟒𝟑𝟗𝟑𝟎 < 𝟏𝟖, 𝟒𝟕𝟖. 𝟗𝟐𝟑𝟏𝟐𝟓
𝟎. 𝟖𝒁𝑵𝒗𝒍
𝑽= 𝑾
𝑹
𝟎. 𝟖(𝟎. 𝟒𝟎)(𝟏. 𝟎)(𝟏. 𝟎)
𝑽= (𝟏𝟖𝟐𝟐𝟒𝟐. 𝟔𝟒𝐤𝐍)
𝟖. 𝟓
𝑽 = 𝟔, 𝟖𝟔𝟎. 𝟖𝟗𝟗𝟓𝟏 < 𝟏𝟖, 𝟒𝟕𝟖. 𝟗𝟐𝟑𝟏𝟐𝟓
𝑭𝒕 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟕(𝑽)(𝑻) < 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓(𝑽)
𝑭𝒕 = [𝟎. 𝟎𝟕(𝟏𝟖𝟒𝟕𝟖. 𝟗𝟐𝟑𝟏𝟐𝟓)(𝟎. 𝟕𝟒𝟐𝟓𝟔𝟒𝟖𝟒𝟗𝟖𝟖𝐬 )] < [𝟎. 𝟐𝟓(𝟏𝟖𝟒𝟕𝟖. 𝟗𝟐𝟑𝟏𝟐𝟓)]
𝑭𝒕 =960.52591 < 5,370.061992 

220
Table 3.46
Vertical Distribution
Tabulating The Vertical Distribution as Follows:
Floor Level Storey Hx(m) Wx(kN) Wxhx Wxhx Fx(kN)

Height (m) ∑Wxhx
Roof 4 22 1,013.76 22,302.72 0.010412912 1,142.943451
Roof Deck 4 18 43,051.93 774,934.73 0.3618091 6,338.3159
4th Floor 4 14 39,419.77 551,876.77 0.2576656 4,513.8890
3rd Floor 4 10 47,767.29 477,672.90 0.22320206 3,906.9635
2nd Floor 6 6 52,507.65 315,045.93 0.1470917 2,576.8113
Ground Floor 0
18,376.40 2,141833.05 0.99 18,478.9231 ✓
221
Computation of Design Base Shear (STEEL)
➢ Design Base Shear
FORMULA:
𝑪𝑽 𝑰
𝑽= 𝑾
𝑹𝑻
𝟎. 𝟔𝟒(𝟏. 𝟎)
𝑽= (𝟏𝟕𝟔𝟎𝟕𝟖. 𝟖𝟎 𝐤𝐍)
𝟖(𝟎. 𝟖𝟔𝟔𝟒𝟗𝟒𝟗𝟔𝟏𝟔𝟑𝒔 )
𝑽 = 𝟏𝟔𝟐𝟓𝟔. 𝟔𝟒𝟖𝟒𝟕
➢ Maximum Base Shear
FORMULA:
𝑪𝒂 𝑰
𝑽 = 𝟐. 𝟓 𝑾
𝑹
𝟐. 𝟓(𝟎. 𝟒𝟒)(𝟏. 𝟎)
𝑽= (𝟏𝟕𝟔𝟎𝟕𝟖. 𝟖𝟎 𝐤𝐍)
𝟖
𝑽 = 𝟐𝟒, 𝟐𝟏𝟎. 𝟖𝟑𝟓 > 𝟏𝟔, 𝟐𝟓𝟔. 𝟔𝟒𝟖𝟒𝟕
➢ Minimum Base Shear

FORMULA:
𝑽 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝑪𝒂 𝑰𝑾
𝑽 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟏(𝟎. 𝟒𝟒)(𝟏. 𝟎)(𝟏𝟕𝟔𝟎𝟕𝟖. 𝟖𝟎 𝐤𝐍 )
𝑽 = 𝟖, 𝟓𝟐𝟐. 𝟐𝟏𝟒𝟑𝟓 < 𝟏𝟔, 𝟐𝟓𝟔. 𝟔𝟒𝟖𝟒𝟕
𝟎. 𝟖𝒁𝑵𝑽 𝑰
𝑽= 𝑾
𝑹
𝟎. 𝟖(𝟎. 𝟒𝟎)(𝟏. 𝟎)(𝟏. 𝟎)
𝑽= (𝟏𝟕𝟔𝟎𝟕𝟖. 𝟖𝟎 𝐤𝐍)
𝟖
𝑽 = 𝟕, 𝟎𝟒𝟑. 𝟏𝟓𝟐 < 𝟏𝟔, 𝟐𝟓𝟔. 𝟔𝟒𝟖𝟒𝟕
𝑭𝒕 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟕(𝑽)(𝑻) < 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓(𝑽)
𝑭𝒕 = [𝟎. 𝟎𝟕(𝟏𝟔𝟐𝟓𝟔. 𝟔𝟒𝟖𝟒𝟕)(𝟎. 𝟕𝟒𝟓𝟒𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟔𝟔𝟑𝒔 )] < [𝟎. 𝟐𝟓(𝟏𝟔𝟐𝟓𝟔. 𝟔𝟒𝟖𝟒𝟕)]
𝑭𝒕 =848.26679 < 4,064.1621175 

222
Table 3.47
Vertical Distribution
Tabulating The Vertical Distribution as Follows:
Floor Level Storey Hx(m) Wx(kN) Wxhx Wxhx Fx(kN)

Height (m) ∑Wxhx
Roof 4 22 910.39 20,028.67046 0.009792859 995.9371
Roof Deck 4 18 4,0641.86 731,553.48 0.3576872 5,512.54526
4th Floor 4 14 3,7197.63 520,766.87 0.2546248 3,924.1849
3rd Floor 4 10 47,227.42 472,274.19 0.2309147 3,558.7734
2nd Floor 6 6 50,101.50 300,608.99 0.1469804 2,265.2080
Ground Floor 0
176,078.80 2,045,232.14 0.99 16,256.64865 ✓
223
3.3.6b COMPUTER GENERATED SEISMIC BASE SHEAR

CALCULATION
REINFORCED CONCRETE
Auto Seismic Load Calculation
This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern EQy
according to UBC 97, as calculated by ETABS.
Direction and Eccentricity
Direction = X
Direction = Y
Structural Period
Period Calculation Method = Program Calculated
Coefficient, Ct [UBC 1630.2.2] Ct = 0.0731ft

Structure Height Above Base, hn hn = 72.18 ft
Approximate Fundamental Period, Ta
Ta = Ct (hn Ta = 1.81 sec
[UBC 1630.2.2 Eq. 30-8]
Program Calculated Period, T [UBC
T ≤ 1.3Ta
1630.2.2.2]
Factors and Coefficients
Response Modification Factor, R [UBC Table 16-N] R = 8.5

Importance Factor, I [UBC Table 16-K] I=1
Seismic Zone Factor, Z [UBC Table 16-I] Z = 0.4
Soil Profile [UBC Table 16-J] = SD
Seismic Source Type = A
Closest Source Distance = 46 km
Near-Source Factor, Na [UBC Table 16-S] Na = 1
Near-Source Factor, Nv [UBC Table 16-T] Nv = 1
Site Coefficient, Ca [UBC Table 16-Q] Ca = 0.44
Site Coefficient, Cv [UBC Table 16-R] Cv = 0.64
224
Equivalent Lateral Forces
Cv I
Base Shear Coefficient [UBC 1630.2.1, Eq. 30-4] =
RT
2.5Ca I
maximum [UBC 1630.2.1, Eq. 30-5] = = 0.129412
R
minimum [UBC 1630.2.1, Eq. 30-6] = 0.11Ca I = 0.0484
0.8ZNv I
Zone 4 minimum [UBC 1630.2.1, Eq. 30-7] = = 0.037647
R
min ≤ Vcoeff ≤ max
Table 3.48
Calculated Base Shear at X-Direction
Direction Period Vcoeff W V Ft
Used (kN) (kN) (kN)
(sec)
X 2.353 0 34,8823.7152 16,883.0678 2,781.0956
Table 3.49
Calculated Base Shear at Y-Direction
Used (kN) (kN) (kN)
(sec)
Y 2.353 0 34,8823.7152 16,883.0678 2,781.0956
Figure 3.128
225
Applied Storey Forces at X-Direction
Story Elevatio X-Dir Y-Dir

n
m kN kN
Roof 22 2,969.628 0
Roof Deck 18 4,162.4373 0

4th Floor 14 4,067.718 0
3rd Floor 10 4,995.911 0

2nd Floor 6 3,416.5865 0
Base 0 0 0
Figure 3.129
Applied Storey Forces at Y-Direction
Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir

m kN kN
Roof 22 0 2,969.628
Roof Deck 18 0 4,162.4373
4th Floor 14 0 4,067.718
3rd Floor 10 0 3,416.5865
2nd Floor 6 0 2,266.698
Base 0 0 0
226
STEEL

This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern
Earthquake x according to UBC 97, as calculated by ETABS.
Direction = X
Structural Period

[UBC 1630.2.2 Eq. 30-8]
T ≤ 1.3Ta
1630.2.2.2]
Response Modification Factor, R [UBC Table 16-N] R=8

Closest Source Distance = 43.4 km

Cv I
RT
2.5Ca I
maximum [UBC 1630.2.1, Eq. 30-5] = = 0.1375
R
227
0.8ZNv I
R
Table 3.50
Calculated Base Shear at X-Direction
Used (kN) (kN) (kN)
(sec)
X 2.353 0 461,985.9619 22,360.1206 3,683.3136
Table 3.51
Calculated Base Shear at Y-Direction
Used (kN) (kN) (kN)
(sec)
2.688
Y 0 461,985.9619 22,360.1206 4,207.3418
Figure 3.130
Applied Storey Forces at X-Direction

m kN kN
ROOF 22 3,857.8448 0
ROOF DECK 18 5,572.1539 0
4TH FLOOR 14 4,895.2124 0
3RD FLOOR 10 4,959.9578 0
2ND FLOOR 6 3,074.9517 0
Base 0 0 0
228
Figure 3.131
Applied Storey Forces at Y-Direction

m kN kN
Roof 22 0 4,376.9761
Roof Deck 18 0 5,415.812
4th Floor 14 0 4,757.864
3rd Floor 10 0 4,820.7928
2nd Floor 6 0 2,988.6756
Base 0 0 0
229
3.3.7 WIND ANALYSIS

Figure 3.132
Design Flowchart for Wind Analysis
START
Check the Occupancy Category
Determine the Basic Wind Speed, V
Determine the Wind Directionality

Factor, Kd
Determine the Exposure Category
Determine Topographic Factor, Kzt
Determine Gust Effect Factor, G
Determine Enclosure Classification
Determine Internal Pressure

Coefficient, Gcpi
1
230
Determine Velocity Pressure

Exposure Coefficient, Kz
Is the height found on the Table 207-4 Velocity

Pressure Exposure? Coefficients? No
Interpolate the
two values
Ye where the height
s is found in
Get the value for the coefficient between.
Convert V from Kph to m/s
Qz = 0.613KzKztKdV2
Check External Wall

Pressure Coefficient, Cp
P = qGCp – qi (GCpi)
Compute Windward,
Leeward, Sidewall and
Roof Pressure
END
231
3.3.7a MANUAL WIND CALCULATION
Basic Parameters
A. Location
B. Occupancy Category
III. Special Occupancy Structures
C. Basic Wind Speed In M/S, (V)
69.444
D. Wind Directionality Factor, (Kd)
Main Wind Force Resisting System (MWFRS) 0.85
E. Surface Roughness Category C
F. Wind Exposure Category
Exposure C
G. Type of Structure Rigid
H. Topographic Factor, (Kzt) 1
I. Gust Effect Factor, (G) 0.85
J. Enclosure Classification, (Gcpi)
Enclosed 0.18
-0.18
Example Computation for Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient, Kz
𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏:
𝒁 =𝟔𝒎
𝒁𝒈 = 𝟐𝟕𝟒. 𝟑𝟐
𝒂 = 𝟗. 𝟓
𝑺𝑶𝑳𝑼𝑻𝑰𝑶𝑵:
𝟐
𝒁 𝒂
𝑲𝒛 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟏 ( )
𝒁𝒈
𝟐
𝟔 𝟗.𝟓
𝑲𝒛 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟏 ( )
𝟐𝟕𝟒. 𝟑𝟐
𝑲𝒛 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟖𝟕
232
Interpolation Computation for Height, z = 10
𝒚 (𝒙𝟐 −𝒙𝟏)(𝒚𝟑 −𝒚𝟏 )

𝟐= + 𝒚𝟏
(𝒙𝟑−𝒙𝟏 )
𝒚 (𝟏𝟎−𝟗)(𝟏.𝟎𝟒−𝟎.𝟗𝟖)
𝟐= + 𝟎.𝟗𝟖
(𝟏𝟐−𝟗)
𝒚𝟐 =𝟏
Interpolation Computation for Height, z = 14
𝒚 (𝒙𝟐 −𝒙𝟏)(𝒚𝟑 −𝒚𝟏 )

𝟐= + 𝒚𝟏
(𝒙𝟑−𝒙𝟏 )
𝒚 (𝟏𝟒−𝟏𝟐)(𝟏.𝟎𝟗−𝟏.𝟎𝟒)
𝟐= + 𝟏.𝟎𝟒
(𝟏𝟓−𝟏𝟐)
𝒚𝟐 =𝟏.𝟎𝟕
Table 3.52
Calculated Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient, Kz
Floor Height, Z Kz Computed Kz
Height From NGL to Second Floor 6 0.89888 0.9
Height From NGL to Third Floor 10 1.00093 1
Height From NGL to Fourth Floor 14 1.07441 1.07
Height From NGL to Roof Deck 18 1.13278 1.13
Height From NGL to Roof Line 22 1.18166 1.18
Example Computation for Velocity Pressure, qz

𝑲𝒅 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓
𝑲𝒛 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟓𝟎𝟓
𝑲𝒛𝒕 = 𝟏
𝑽 = 𝟕𝟐. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝒎/𝒔
𝑁 𝑚
𝑞𝑧 = 0.613𝐾𝑧𝐾𝑧𝑡𝐾𝑑𝑉 2 𝑉 𝑖𝑛 𝑬𝑸𝑼𝑨𝑻𝑰𝑶𝑵 (𝟐𝟎𝟕𝑩. 𝟑 − 𝟏)
𝑚2 𝑠
𝐪𝐳 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟏𝟑(𝟎. 𝟗 )(𝟏)(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝟔𝟗. 𝟒𝟒𝟒)𝟐

𝐪𝐳 = 𝟐, 𝟐𝟔𝟏. 𝟒𝟕𝟐𝟕𝟖𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟓𝟐 𝐍/𝐦𝟐
233
Table 3.53
Calculated Velocity Pressure, qz
Floor Height, Kz Kzt Kd V Qz,

Z N/m2
Height From NGL 6 0.9 1 0.85 69.444 2,261.472789
to Second Floor
Height From NGL 10 1 1 0.85 69.444 2,512.747543
to Third Floor
Height From NGL 14 1.07 1 0.85 69.444 2,688.639871
to Fourth Floor
Height From NGL 18 1.13 1 0.85 69.444 2,839.404724
to Roof Deck
Height From NGL 22 1.18 1 0.85 69.44 2,965.042101
to o Roof Line
Example Computation for Design Wind Pressure
𝒒 = 𝒒𝒛 = 𝟐, 𝟐𝟔𝟏. 𝟒𝟕𝟐𝟕𝟖𝟗
𝑮 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓
𝑪𝒑 = 𝟎. 𝟖
𝒒𝒊 = 𝒒𝒉 = 𝟐, 𝟗𝟔𝟓. 𝟎𝟒𝟐𝟏𝟎𝟏 𝒎/𝒔
𝑮𝑪𝒑𝒊 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟖 𝒎/𝒔
Table 3.54
Wall Pressure
Wall Pressure
Surface L/B Cp
Windward Wall All Values 0.8
Leeward Wall 1.427272727 -0.41455
Side Walls All Values -0.7
234
𝑁
𝑝 = 𝑞𝐺𝐶𝑝 − 𝑞𝑖(𝐺𝐶𝑝𝑖) 𝑬𝑸𝑼𝑨𝑻𝑰𝑶𝑵 (𝟐𝟎𝟕𝑩. 𝟒 − 𝟏)
𝑚2
𝐩 = 2,261.472789(𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)(𝟎. 𝟖) − (2,965.042101)(𝟎. 𝟏𝟖)

𝐩 = 𝟏, 𝟎𝟎𝟒. 𝟎𝟗𝟑𝟗𝟏𝟖 𝐍/𝐦𝟐
Table 3.55
Windward Wall (Positive)
Wind Pressure, P
Windward Wall (Positive)
Floor Height, q=qz G Cp qi=qh Gcpi P
Z (+) (N/m2)
Height From NGL to 6 2,261.472789 0.85 0.8 2,965.042101 0.18 1,004.093918
Second Floor
Third Floor
Fourth Floor
Roof Deck
Roof Line
Table 3.56
Windward Wall (Negative)
Wind Pressure, P
Windward Wall (Negative)
Floor Height, q=qz G Cp qi=qh Gcpi P
Z (-) (N/m2)
Height From NGL to 6 2,261.472789 0.85 0.8 2,965.042101 -0.18 2,071.509075
Second Floor
Third Floor
Fourth Floor
235

Roof Deck
Roof Line
Table 3.57
Leeward Wall (Positive)
Wind Pressure, P
Leeward Wall (Positive)
Floor Height, q=qh G Cp qi=qh Gcpi P
Z (+) (N/m2)
Height From NGL to 6 2,965.042101 0.85 -0.41455 2,965.042101 0.18 -1,578.492051
Second Floor
Third Floor
Fourth Floor
Roof Deck
Roof Line
Table 3.58
Leeward Wall (Negative)
Wind Pressure, P
Leeward Wall (Negative)
Z (-) (N/m2)
Height From NGL to 6 2,965.042101 0.85 -0.41455 2,965.042101 -0.18 -511.0768943
Second Floor
Third Floor
Fourth Floor
Roof Deck
Roof Line
236
Table 3.59
Sideward Wall (Positve)
Wind Pressure, P
Sideward Wall (Positive)
z (+) (N/m2)
Second Floor
Third Floor
Fourth Floor
Roof Deck
Roof Line
Table 3.60
Sideward Wall (Negative)
Wind Pressure, P
Sideward Wall (Negative)
Floor Height, q=qh G Cp qi=qh Gcpi (-) P
z (N/m2)
Height From NGL 6 2,965.042101 0.85 -0.7 2,965.042101 -0.18 -1,230.492472
to Second Floor
Height From NGL 10 2,965.042101 0.85 -0.7 2,965.042101 -0.18 -1,230.492472
to Third Floor
Height From NGL 14 2,965.042101 0.85 -0.7 2,965.042101 -0.18 -1,230.492472
to Fourth Floor
Height From NGL 18 2,965.042101 0.85 -0.7 2,965.042101 -0.18 -1,230.492472
to Roof Deck
Height From NGL 22 2,965.042101 0.85 -0.7 2,965.042101 -0.18 -1,230.492472
to Roof Line
237
3.3.7b COMPUTER GENERATED WIND CALCULATION
REINFORCED CONCRETE
Auto Wind Load Calculation

This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral wind loads for load pattern WIND
according to ASCE 7-10, as calculated by ETABS.
Exposure Parameters
Exposure From = Diaphragms

Exposure Category = C
Wind Direction = 0 degrees
Basic Wind Speed, V [ASCE 26.5.1] V = 155.34 mph

Windward Coefficient, Cp,wind [ASCE 27.4.1] Cp,wind = 0.8
Leeward Coefficient, Cp,lee [ASCE 27.4.1] Cp,lee = 0.41455
Wind Case = All Cases

Top Story = ROOF
Bottom Story = Base
Include Parapet = No
Gradient Height, zg [ASCE Table 26.9-1] zg = 900

Emperical Exponent, α [ASCE Table 26.9-1] α = 9.5
Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient, Kz; [ASCE z
zg
Table 27.3-1] K z = 2.01( for 15ft ≤ z ≤ zg
15
K z = 2.01( zg for z 15ft
Topographical Factor, Kzt [ASCE 26.8.2] K zt = 1
Directionality Factor, Kd [ASCE 26.6] K d = 0.85
Gust Effect Factor, G [ASCE 26.9] G = 0.85
238
Lateral Loading
Velocity Pressure, qz [ASCE 27.3.2 Eq. 27.3-1] q z = 0.00256K z K zt K d V2
Design Wind Pressure, p [ASCE 27.4.2 Eq. 27.4-2] p = qGCp,wind + q h (GCp,lee )
Figure 3.133
Lateral Load to Stories
Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir

m kN kN m kN kN
Roof 22 425.6411 0 Roof 22 0 954.6521
Roof Deck 18 835.0123 0 Roof Deck 18 0 1,789.3121
4th Floor 14 806.8518 0 4th Floor 14 0 1,728.9681
3rd Floor 10 1,211.8494 0 3rd Floor 10 0 1,652.5219
2nd Floor 6 1,413.2947 0 2nd Floor 6 0 1,927.2201
Base 0 0 0 Base 0 0 0
239

m kN kN
Roof 22 319.2308 -715.9891
Roof Deck 18 626.2592 -1,341.9841
4th Floor 14 605.1388 -1,296.7261

3rd Floor 10 908.8871 -1,239.3915
2nd Floor 6 1,059.9711 -1,445.4151

Base 0 0 0
240

m kN kN
Roof 22 0 715.9891
Roof Deck 18 0 1,341.9841
4th Floor 14 0 1,296.7261
3rd Floor 10 0 1,239.3915
2nd Floor 6 0 1,445.4151
Base 0 0 0
241

m kN kN
Roof 22 319.2308 -715.9891
Roof Deck 18 626.2592 -1,341.9841
4th Floor 14 605.1388 -1,296.7261
3rd Floor 10 908.8871 -1,239.3915
2nd Floor 6 1,059.971 -1,445.4151

1
Base 0 0 0
242

m kN kN
Roof 22 239.6359 -537.4691
Roof Deck 18 470.1119 -1,007.3827
4th Floor 14 454.2576 -973.409
3rd Floor 10 682.2712 -930.3699
2nd Floor 6 795.6849 -1,085.0249
Base 0 0 0
243

m kN kN
Roof 22 239.6359 537.4691
Roof Deck 18 470.1119 1,007.3827
4th Floor 14 454.2576 973.409
3rd Floor 10 682.2712 930.3699
2nd Floor 6 795.6849 1,085.0249
Base 0 0 0
244
STEEL
Figure 3.134
Lateral Load to Stories

m kN kN m kN kN
Roof 22 316.7351 0 Roof 22 0 710.3916
Roof 18 726.3355 0 Roof 18 0 1,556.4331
Deck Deck
4th Floor 14 803.9951 0 4th Floor 14 0 1,722.8466
3rd 10 1,207.3603 0 3rd 10 0 1,646.4004
Floor Floor
2nd 6 1,407.6833 0 2nd 6 0 1,919.5682
Floor Floor
Base 0 0 0 Base 0 0 0
245

m kN kN m kN kN
Roof 22 237.5513 0 Roof 22 0 532.7937
Roof Deck 18 544.7516 0 Roof Deck 18 0 1,167.3248
4th Floor 14 602.9963 0 4th Floor 14 0 1,292.1349
3rd Floor 10 905.5202 0 3rd Floor 10 0 1,234.8003
2nd Floor 6 1,055.7625 0 2nd Floor 6 0 1,439.6761
Base 0 0 0 Base 0 0 0
246

m kN kN m kN kN
Roof 22 237.5513 532.7937 Roof 22 237.5513 532.7937
Roof 18 544.7516 1167.3248 Roof 18 544.7516 1,167.3248
Deck Deck
4th 14 602.9963 1292.1349 4th 14 602.9963 1,292.1349
Floor Floor
3rd 10 905.5202 1234.8003 3rd 10 905.5202 1,234.8003
Floor Floor
2nd 6 1,055.7625 1439.6761 2nd 6 1,055.762 1,439.6761
Floor Floor 5
Base 0 0 0 Base 0 0 0
247

m kN kN m kN kN
Roof 22 178.3219 -399.9505 Roof 22 178.3219 399.9505
Roof Deck 18 408.9269 -876.2718 Roof Deck 18 408.9269 876.2718
4th Floor 14 452.6492 -969.9626 4th Floor 14 452.6492 969.9626
3rd Floor 10 679.7438 -926.9234 3rd Floor 10 679.7438 926.9234
2nd Floor 6 792.5257 -1080.7169 2nd Floor 6 792.5257 1080.7169
Base 0 0 0 Base 0 0 0
248
3.4 GEOTECHNICAL ANALYSIS

This chapter covers Geotechnical Investigation, which is required for foundation design
calculations and the final reinforcement of the sizes that are used to determine the location's soil
carrying capability.
3.4.1 SOIL REPORT

Subsurface Soil Investigation
The geotechnical investigation was for the purpose of determining relevant information
the subsurface soil condition and soil parameters that will provide the basis for the evaluation
and design of foundation.
This report deals with the results of the geotechnical investigation conducted for the
Proposed eight (8)-Storey Green Hospital with Recreational Park located at Brgy. Soro-Soro,
Batangas City and near the existing residential and commercial establishments.
Four (4) boreholes were drilled at the site within the third week of August, 2018. The
depth of the borehole is ten (10.00) meters the borehole was advance by combination of wash
boring and coring methods.
The boreholes were advanced to the final depths by a combination of wash boring and
coring methods. Others were simply cored due to the very dense formations encountered even at
shallow depths. Whenever wash boring was employed, it was done in the upper horizons of the
boreholes where ordinary soil encountered. After an initial boring, standard penetration test
(SPT) was conducted. Succeeding SPT’s were conducted at intervals depending on the soil
stratification encountered. Disturbed samples were recovered using this procedure. No
undisturbed sample was recovered due to the granular nature and the very hard condition of the
soil at the borehole location.
The boreholes were terminated at the depths by ten (10.00) meters. The elevation of the
ground water table was not encountered in the borehole.
The recovered disturbed and core samples were brought to the laboratory for testing. The
disturbed samples were subjected to routine tests (sieve analysis and tests for natural moisture
content and atterberg limits). Core samples on the other hand, were subjected to unit weight and
249
unconfined compressive tests. Complete results of these tests are appended herein and form part
of this report.
Subsurface Condition Based on Borings
At the location of the proposed site where the proposed building is to be constructed in
underlain by a deposit of stiff grayish brown clay sand with little fines, medium dense blackish
brown clay sand clay mixtures with tuff fragments & hard dense grayish brown clay-sand
mixtures with gravels to hard grayish brown siltstone, the deposit appears as highly weathered
near the surface in the borehole. The soil cover consists of sand-clay, clay-silt mixtures and
highly graded claystone &sandstone that are hard dense (Nvalue of 18 to 50 blows) near the
surface and very dense (N>50) thereafter.
In boreholes, BH – 1, BH – 2 & BH – 3, very stiff clay are sandwiched between the sand-
clay layers. They have moisture contents of 33%, 35% & 36% and the liquid limits of 41%, 42%
& 46%, respectively. They indicate possible presence of gouges in the site.
The field drilling/boring results show a very stiff grayish brown clay with little fines to an
appreciable depth from 0.00 to 1.00 meters depth, average thickness of these soil is about 0.00 to
1.00 meters depth in a borehole, which represents NGL. From 1.05 to 2.50 meters depth medium
dense blackish brown clay sand with tuff fragment were recovered, which footings will rest. A
well-graded medium dense blackish brown clay sand with tuff fragments stiff and hard to rest the
foundation at 1.75 to 2.50 meters depth from NGL. Hard, dense grayish brown clay with gravels
were recovered from 2.05 meters to 4.50 meters depth followed by firm, hard & tuff grayish
brown siltstone from 4.55 meters to 6.00 meters. From 6.05 meters to 8.00 meters depth hard,
highly weathered brown siltstone were recovered in which it is characterized by alternating beds
of clay sands, clay with intertounging deposits. At 8.05 to 10.00 meters depth, hard highly
weathered light brown siltstone & hard highly weathered yellowish-brown sandstone were
recovered, respectively.
The water table were measured after completion of drilling works. The shallow level of
the water table was observed at boreholes located at the portion of the site with lower ground
surface elevation.
250
Table 3.61
Soil Unit Weight
Soil Type Unit Weight, 𝛄(𝒍𝒃/𝒇𝒕𝟑 )
Blackish Brown Clay Sand with Tuff 93
Fragments & Fines, Medium Dense
Grayish Brown Sandy Clay with Gravels 107
Dense, Hard
Grayish Brown Silestone, Dense, Hard, 112
Tuff, Firm
Brown/Light Brown Silestone, Dense, 118/119
Hard, Highly Weathered
Yellowish Brown Sandstone, Hard, Highly 122
Weathered
Table 3.62
Soil Friction Angle
Soil Type Soil Friction Angle (°)
Blackish Brown Clay Sand with Tuff 24
Fragments & Fines, Medium Dense
Grayish Brown Sandy Clay with Gravels 29
Dense, Hard
Grayish Brown Silestone, Dense, Hard, 32
Tuff, Firm
Brown/Light Brown Silestone, Dense, 33/35
Hard, Highly Weathered
Yellowish Brown Sandstone, Hard, Highly 40
Weathered
251
Table 3.63
Soil Properties in BH-1
Table 3.64
Table 3.65
252
3.4.2 SOIL BEARING CAPACITY

To sustain the structural loads, the generally competent formation at the site warrants the
use of combined footings with a tie beam resting on the Natural Grade Line. A minimum depth
of 1.75 to 2.50 meters below the existing ground surface is required for footings. Footings of
various sizes can be employed as long as the bearing capacity requirements are met.
From 0.00 to 1.00 meters in depth, the bearing capacity is around 96.15 kPa (2,000 psf),
while from 1.05 to 2.00 meters, where the footings will rest on a hard thick blackish brown clay
sand with tuff particles, a gross bearing capacity of about 168.27 kPa (3,500 psf) can be used.
For dead plus live loads between 2.05 and 4.50 meters depth, a gross bearing capacity of 192.31
kPa (4,000 psf) can be used, with a maximum of 240.38 kPa (5,000 psf) if total design loads
include wind or seismic forces. From the natural grade line, the footing should be buried at a
minimum depth of 1.75 to 2.50 meters. With an isolated footing foundation, a footing tie beam
should be installed. Seismic waves impose additional stresses on foundations in earthquake
zones. If the structure cannot sustain these stresses, it may collapse, causing major disasters. The
ability of the subsoil to sustain these loads is required. The superimposed load should be less
than the soil's safe carrying capability for this to work. Additional loads are caused by seismic
vibrations in the case of foundations and seismic zones. The increased forces should be factored
into the design.
3.4.3 CONCLUSION
Based on the soil bearing capacity, footing tie beam is recommended with isolated
footing foundation however, when we try to compute for it, there are some members which are
not adequate and are loads are very high for this, we used mat footing because it is generally for
structures like commercial building, and it can spread over the entire area of the structure it is
supporting for its stability and safety purposes.
253
3.5 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT FLOWCHART
Figure 3.135
Design Flowchart for Column
254
Figure 3.136
Design Flowchart for Slab
255
256
Figure 3.137
Design Flowchart for Beam
257
258
259
260
Figure 3.138
Design Flowchart for Steel Columns (LRFD And ASD)
261
Figure 3.139
Design Flowchart for Steel Beams (LRFD And ASD)
262
Figure 3.140
Design Flowchart for Trade off of Reinforced Concrete and Structural Steel Design
263
Figure 3.141
Design Flowchart for Mat Footing
264
265
Figure 3.142
Design Flowchart for Frame
266
3.6 FRAME ANALYSIS

3.6.1 IRREGULARITY CHECK
Table 3.66
Vertical Structural Irregularities
Reference
Irregularities Type and Definitions
Section
1. Stiffness Irregularity -Soft Storey
208.4.8.3
A soft storey is one in which the lateral stiffness is less than 70% of that
Item 2
in the storey above or less than 80 percent of the average stiffness of the
three stories above.
2. Weight (Mass) Irregularity
Mass irregularity shall be considered to exist where the effective mass 208.4.8.3
of any storey is more than 150% of the effective mass of an adjacent Item 2
storey. A roof that is lighter than the floor below need not be
considered.
3. Vertical Geometric Irregularity
Vertical geometric irregularity shall be considered to exist where the 208.4.8.3
horizontal dimension of the lateral force-resisting system in any storey Item 2
is more than 130% of that in an adjacent storey. One-storey penthouses
need not be considered.
4. In-Plane Discontinuity in Vertical Lateral Force-Resisting Element
Irregularity
208.5.8.1.5.1
An in-plane offset of the lateral load-resisting elements greater than the
length of those elements.
5. Discontinuity in Capacity-Weak Storey Irregularity
A weak storey is one in which the storey strength is less than 80% of
that in the storey above. The storey strength is the total strength of all 208.4.9.1
seismic resisting elements sharing the storey for the direction under
consideration.
267
1. Stiffness Irregularity-Soft Storey
Table 3.67
Computer Generated Stiffness Irregularity Along X-Direction
Stiffness Irregularity Check in X-Direction
Soft-Story Irregularity Check Extreme Soft-Story Irregularity Check
Story Stiffness Ki Check Ki check Ki Check Ki Check
Kmi = avg(Ki-1,i-
Kmi = avg(Ki-1,i-
X-Direction
Ki+1 Kmi Ki+1 Kmi
2,i-3)
2,i-3)
0.7 0.8 0.6 0.7
Roof 138,202.856 - - - - -
Roof 751,752.079 5.44 Regular 138,202.86 5.44 Regular 5.44 Regular 138,202.8 5.44 Regular
Deck
4th 1,196,401.48 1.59 Regular 444,977.47 1.72 Regular 1.59 Regular 444,977.4 2.69 Regular
Floor
3rd 2,066,221.09 1.73 Regular 695,452.14 2.97 Regular 1.73 Regular 695,452.1 2.97 Regular
Floor
2nd 3,775,040.85 1.83 Regular 1,338,124.8 2.82 Regular 1.83 Regular 1,338,124.8 2.82 Regular
Floor
268
Table 3.68
Computer Generated Stiffness Irregularity Along Y-Direction
Stiffness Irregularity Check in Y-Direction
Soft-Story Irregularity Check Extreme Soft-Story Irregularity Check
Story Stiffness Ki Check Ki check Ki Check Ki Check
Kmi = avg(Ki-1,i-2,i-
Kmi = avg(Ki-1,i-2,i-
X-Direction
Ki+1 Kmi Ki+1 Kmi
3)
3)
0.7 0.8 0.6 0.7
Roof 115,440.225 - - -
Roof 16,249.119 0.14 Soft 115,440.23 0.14 Regular 0.14 Soft 115,440.23 0.14 Ex-Soft
Deck Story Story Story
4th 58,926.444 3.63 Regular 65,844.67 0.89 Regular 3.63 Regular 65,844.67 0.89 Regular
Floor
3rd 118,045.261 2.00 Regular 63,538.60 1.86 Regular 2.00 Regular 63,538.60 1.86 Regular
Floor
2nd 246,900.318 2.09 Regular 64,406.94 3.83 Regular 2.09 Regular 64,406.94 3.83 Regular
Floor
269
2. Weight (Mass) Irregularity
Sample Calculation for RCD:
Considering 3rd Floor

Mass= 47,455.29 kg
Conditions:
A.) 150% Mass of Storey Below
= 1.50(52,195.65) = 78,293.475 𝑘𝑔 > 47,455.29 kg
B.) 150% Mass of Storey Above

= 1.50(39,225.37) = 58,838.055 𝑘𝑔 > 47,455.29 kg
Since the effective mass storey below and above at the 3rd floor level is less than 150%,
mass of, therefore there is no mass irregularity.
Table 3.69
Mass Irregularity Check-RCD
Mass Irregularity Check
Level Weight (Mass) Irregularity Check
Storey Mass (kg) 150% Mass (kg) Storey Below Storey Above
nd
2 Floor 52,195.65 78,293.475 Okay Okay
3rd Floor 47,455.29 71,182.935 Okay Okay
4th Floor 39,225.37 58,838.055 Okay Okay
Roof Deck 43,366.33 65,049.495 Okay Okay
Roof 1,013.76 1,520.64 Okay Okay
Note. Calculations were based on NSCP Section 208.4.8.3

270
Sample Calculation for Steel Design:
Level: 3rd Floor
Mass = 47,227.42 kg
Conditions:
a) 150% Mass of Storey Below

= 1.5(50,101.5) = 75,152.25 kg > 47,227.42 kg
b) 150% Mass of Storey Above

= 1.5(37,197.63) = 55,796.445 kg > 47,227.42 kg
Since the effective mass storey below and above at the 3rd floor level is less than 150%,
mass of, therefore there is no mass irregularity.
Table 3.70
Mass Irregularity Check-STEEL
Mass Irregularity Check
Level Weight (Mass) Irregularity Check
Storey Mass (kg) 150% Mass (kg) Storey Below Storey Above
nd
2 Floor 50,101.5 75,152.25 Okay Okay
3rd Floor 47,227.42 70,841.13 Okay Okay
4th Floor 37,197.63 55,796.445 Okay Okay
Roof Deck 40,641.86 60,962.79 Okay Okay
Roof 910.39 1,365.585 Okay Okay
Note. Calculations were based on NSCP Section 208.4.8.3

271
3. Vertical Geometric Irregularity
Vertical Geometric irregularity shall be considered to exist where the horizontal

dimension of the lateral-force-resisting system in any storey is more than 130% of that in an
adjacent storey. One-storey penthouses need not be considered.
Sample Calculation:
D1 = 110 m
D2 = 70 m
D1 > 1.3 (D2)
110 m > 1.3 (70 m) (NSCP 2015 Table 208.4.8.3 Item 2)
110 m > 91 m
The lateral-force-resisting system of the 2nd Floor is more than 130% of that adjacent
storey. Therefore, the structure is a vertical geometric irregular.
4. In-Plane Discontinuity in Vertical Lateral Force-Resisting Element Irregularity
Figure 3.143
Elevation View for In-Plane Discontinuity
By investigation, there is no in-plane discontinuity in vertical lateral force resisting

elements in the structure. Therefore, the structure is regular in Type 4 vertical irregularity.
272
5. Discontinuity in Capacity-Weak Storey Irregularity
A weak storey is one in which the storey strength is less than 80% of that in the storey
above. The storey strength is the total strength of all seismic resisting elements sharing the storey
for the direction under consideration.
• It is not possible to determine considering the structure is pre-design only, the design of
steel reinforcement is not yet included
273
Table 3.71
Horizontal Structural Irregularities
Reference
Irregularities Type and Definitions
Section
1. Torsional Irregularity -To Be Considered When Diaphragms are
not Flexible
Torsional irregularity shall be considered to exist when the maximum 208.7.2.7
storey drift, computed including accidental torsion, at one end of the Item 6
structure transverse to an axis is more than 1.2 times the average of the
storey drifts of the two ends of the structure.
2. Re-Entrant Corner Irregularity
Plan configurations of a structure and its lateral-force resisting system
208.7.2.7
contain re-entrant corners, where both projections of the structure
Item 7
beyond a reentrant corner are greater than 15% of the plan dimension of
the structure in the given direction.
3. Diaphragm Discontinuity Irregularity
Diaphragms with abrupt discontinuities or variations in stiffness,
208.7.2.7
including those having cutout or open areas greater than 50% of the
Item 6
gross enclosed area of the diaphragm, or changes in effective diaphragm
stiffness of more than 50% from one storey to the next.
4. Out-of-Plane Offsets Irregularity 208.5.8.5.1
Discontinuities in a lateral force path, such as out-of-plane offsets of the 208.7.2.7
vertical elements. Item 6
5. Non-Parallel System Irregularity
The vertical lateral-load-resisting elements are not parallel to or
208.7.1
symmetric about the major orthogonal axes of the lateral force-resisting
systems.
274
1. Torsional Irregularity
Table 3.72
Computer Generated Torsional Irregularity Along X-Direction (Positive)
Torsional Irregularity Along X-Direction (Positive)
Drifts Eccentricity
Story Dx Max Avg Ratio Check Ax %
drift drift ABS
Roof 157 0.006236 0.006236 1.698 Irregular 2.0022 0.100 15.717
Roof 157 0.001935 0.001935 1.257 Irregular 1.0973 0.055 8.613
Deck
4th 157 0.001919 0.001919 1.234 Irregular 1.0575 0.053 8.301
Floor
3rd 157 0.001746 0.001746 1.361 Irregular 1.2863 0.064 10.098
Floor
2nd 157 0.000993 0.000993 1.291 Irregular 1.1574 0.058 9.086
Floor
Table 3.73
Computer Generated Torsional Irregularity Along X-Direction (Negative)
Torsional Irregularity Along X-Direction (Negative)
Drifts Eccentricity
Story Dx Max Avg Ratio Check Ax %
drift drift ABS
Roof 157 0.006594 0.003776 1.747 Irregular 2.1195 0.106 16.638
Roof 157 0.002203 0.001585 1.39 Irregular 1.3417 0.067 10.533
Deck
4th 157 0.002332 0.001671 1.395 Irregular 1.3514 0.068 10.609
Floor
3rd 157 0.00211 0.001241 1.7 Irregular 2.0069 0.100 15.755
Floor
2nd 157 0.001186 0.000746 1.591 Irregular 1.7578 0.088 13.799
Floor
Table 3.74
Computer Generated Torsional Irregularity Along Y-Direction (Positive)
Torsional Irregularity Along Y-Direction (Positive)
Drifts Eccentricity
Story Dy Max Avg Ratio Check Ax %
drift drift ABS
Roof 110 0.006746 0.004312 1.564 Irregular 1.6987 0.085 9.343
275
Roof 110 0.205119 0.103502 1.982 Irregular 2.7280 0.136 15.004

Deck
4th 110 0.003166 0.002511 1.261 Irregular 1.1043 0.055 6.073
Floor
3rd 110 0.002652 0.002125 1.248 Irregular 1.0816 0.054 5.949
Floor
2nd 110 0.001341 0.001069 1.254 Irregular 1.0920 0.055 6.006
Floor
Table 3.75
Computer Generated Torsional Irregularity Along Y-Direction (Negative)
Torsional Irregularity Along Y-Direction (Negative)
Drifts Eccentricity
Story Dy Max Avg Ratio Check Ax %
drift drift ABS
Roof 110 0.006703 0.004295 1.561 Irregular 1.6922 0.085 9.307
Roof 110 0.205115 0.103516 1.981 Irregular 2.7253 0.136 14.989
Deck
4th 110 0.003146 0.00251 1.254 Irregular 1.0920 0.055 6.006
Floor
3rd 110 0.002674 0.002127 1.257 Irregular 1.0973 0.055 6.035
Floor
2nd 110 0.001357 0.001071 1.267 Irregular 1.1148 0.056 6.131
Floor
Based on the calculations from ETABS, there is torsional irregularities in both

ReinforcedConcrete Design EQX and EQY direction
2. Re-Entrant Corner Irregularity
Plan configurations of a structure and its lateral-force-resisting system contain re-entrant

corners, where both projections of the structure beyond a re-entrant corner are greater than 15%
of the plan dimension of the structure in the given direction.
Sample Calculation:
40 m > 0.15 (110 m)
40 m > 16.5 m
276
110 m > 0.15 (150 m) (NSCP 2015 Table 208.7.2.7 Item 6 & 7)
110 m > 22.5 m
The building is a U-shape and both of its projections beyond the re-entrant corner are
greater than 15% of the plan dimension. Therefore, the structure is a re-entrant corner irregular.
3. Diaphragm Discontinuity Irregularity
Diaphragms with abrupt discontinuities or variations in stiffness, including those having

cutout or open areas greater than 50% of the gross enclosed area of the diaphragm, or changes in
effective diaphragm stiffness of more than 50% from one storey to the next.
Sample Calculation:
Gross Area = 17,270 m2

Open Area = 1500 m2
1500 m2 / 17,270 m2 = 0.0869 (NSCP 2015 Table 208.7.2.7 Item 6)

0.0869 x 100 = 8.69%
The open area is not greater than 50% of the gross enclosed area. Therefore, the building
is not diaphragm discontinuity irregular
Based on our checking both manual computation and computer-generated form, we,
therefore, conclude that our structure is irregular. Thus, we need to perform dynamic analysis.
277
4. Out-of-Plane Offsets Irregularity
Discontinuities in a lateral force path, such as out-of-plane offsets of the vertical element.
Based on the structural plans, there are no out-of-plane offsets in the structure. Therefore
out-of-plane offsets irregularity does not exist.
5. Non-Parallel System Irregularity
The vertical lateral-load-resisting elements are not parallel to or symmetric about the
major orthogonal axes of the lateral force-resisting systems. By investigation, non-parallel
systems irregularity does not exist in the structure.
278
3.6.1.1 DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

Dynamic analysis is one of the effective procedures for evaluating the seismic
performance of the building. This section presents the inputs and interpretations for dynamic
analysis generated using ETABS in accordance with NSCP 2015 Section 208.4.5.1 for checking
of structural irregularities. Also, it includes the modal and response spectrum analysis required
for the dynamic analysis of the structure.
3.6.1.1.1 RELIABILITY AND REDUNDANCY FACTOR OF THE BUILDING
Sample Computation:
𝟔. 𝟏 NSCP 2015 (208-20)

𝝆 = 𝟐 −
𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒙√𝑨𝑩
𝑭 = 𝑽 + 𝟐𝑽 + 𝟐𝑽 + 𝟐𝑽 + 𝑽
𝑭 = 𝟖𝑽
𝑽 = 𝑭/𝟖
For Interior Columns For Exterior Columns
𝟎. 𝟕𝟎(𝟐𝑽) + 𝟎. 𝟕𝟎(𝟐𝑽) 𝟎. 𝟕𝟎(𝟐𝑽) + 𝑽

𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒙 =
𝑭 𝑭
𝟎. 𝟕𝟎(𝟐/𝟖) + 𝟎. 𝟕𝟎(𝟐/𝟖) 𝟎. 𝟕𝟎(𝟐𝑭/𝟖) + (𝑭/𝟖)

𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒙 =
𝑭 𝑭
𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟓 𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟎
Area of Ground Level
AB = 𝟏𝟐, 𝟐𝟒𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟐
The Redundancy Factor

6.1
𝜌 = 2 − = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟐𝟒𝟐𝟔 ∴ 𝝆 = 𝟎. 𝟓
0.35√12240
279
3.6.1.1.2 LOAD COMBINATION
Table 3.76
Load Combination for LRFD
LRFD001 1.4DL + 1.4SDL 203-1
LRFD002 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.6LL + 1.6RLL 203-2
LRFD003 1.2DL +1.2SDL + 1.0LL + 0.5RLL 203-3
LRFD004E 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.0LL + 0.5RLL + 1.5RSX 203-5
LRFD005E 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.0LL + 0.5RLL - 1.5RSX
LRFD006E 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.0LL + 0.5RLL + 1.5RSY
LRFD007E 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.0LL + 0.5RLL - 1.5RSY
LRFD008E 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.0LL + 0.5RLL + 1.5RSX + 0.45RSY
LRFD009E 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.0LL + 0.5RLL + 1.5RSX - 0.45RSY
LRFD010E 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.0LL + 0.5RLL - 1.5RSX + 0.45RSY
LRFD011E 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.0LL + 0.5RLL - 1.5RSX - 0.45RSY
LRFD012E 1.2DL +1.2SDL + 1.0LL + 0.5RLL + 1.5RSY + 0.45RSX
LRFD013E 1.2DL +1.2SDL + 1.0LL + 0.5RLL + 1.5RSY - 0.45RSX
LRFD014E 1.2DL +1.2SDL + 1.0LL + 0.5RLL - 1.5RSY + 0.45RSX
LRFD015E 1.2DL +1.2SDL + 1.0LL + 0.5RLL - 1.5RSY - 0.45RSX
LRFD016E 1.42DL + 1.42SDL +1.0LL + 0.5RLL + 1.5RSX
LRFD017E 1.42DL + 1.42SDL +1.0LL + 0.5RLL - 1.5RSX
LRFD018E 1.42DL + 1.42SDL +1.0LL + 0.5RLL + 1.5RSY
LRFD019E 1.42DL + 1.42SDL +1.0LL + 0.5RLL - 1.5RSY
LRFD024E 1.42DL + 1.42SDL + 1.0LL + 0.5RLL + 1.5RSY + 0.45RSX
LRFD025E 1.42DL + 1.42SDL + 1.0LL + 0.5RLL + 1.5RSY - 0.45RSX
LRFD026E 1.42DL + 1.42SDL + 1.0LL + 0.5RLL - 1.5RSY + 0.45RSX
280
LRFD027E 1.42DL + 1.42SDL + 1.0LL + 0.5RLL - 1.5RSY - 0.45RSX

LRFD028E 0.9DL + 0.9SDL + 1.5RSX 203-7
LRFD029E 0.9DL + 0.9SDL - 1.5RSX
LRFD030E 0.9DL + 0.9SDL + 1.5RSY
LRFD031E 0.9DL + 0.9SDL - 1.5RSY
LRFD032E 0.9DL + 0.9SDL + 1.5RSX + 0.45RSY
LRFD033E 0.9DL + 0.9SDL + 1.5RSX - 0.45RSY
LRFD034E 0.9DL + 0.9SDL - 1.5RSX + 0.45RSY
LRFD035E 0.9DL + 0.9SDL - 1.5RSX - 0.45RSY
LRFD036E 0.9DL + 0.9SDL + 1.5RSY + 0.45RSX
LRFD037E 0.9DL + 0.9SDL + 1.5RSY - 0.45RSX
LRFD038E 0.9DL + 0.9SDL - 1.5RSY + 0.45RSX
LRFD039E 0.9DL + 0.9SDL - 1.5RSY - 0.45RSX
LRFD040E 1.12DL + 1.12SDL + 1.5RSX
LRFD041E 1.12DL + 1.12SDL - 1.5RSX
LRFD042E 1.12DL + 1.12SDL + 1.5RSY
LRFD043E 1.12DL + 1.12SDL - 1.5RSY
LRFD052E 0.98DL + 0.98SDL + 1.0LL + 0.5RLL + 1.5RSX
LRFD053E 0.98DL + 0.98SDL + 1.0LL + 0.5RLL - 1.5RSX
LRFD054E 0.98DL + 0.98SDL + 1.0LL + 0.5RLL + 1.5RSY
LRFD055E 0.98DL + 0.98SDL + 1.0LL + 0.5RLL - 1.5RSY
281

LRFD060E 0.98DL + 0.98SDL + 1.0LL + 0.5RLL + 1.5RSY + 0.45RSX
LRFD061E 0.98DL + 0.98SDL + 1.0LL + 0.5RLL + 1.5RSY - 0.45RSX
LRFD062E 0.98DL + 0.98SDL + 1.0LL + 0.5RLL - 1.5RSY + 0.45RSX
LRFD063E 0.98DL + 0.98SDL + 1.0LL + 0.5RLL - 1.5RSY - 0.45RSX
LRFD064E 0.68DL + 0.68SDL + 1.5RSX
LRFD065E 0.68DL + 0.68SDL - 1.5RSX
LRFD066E 0.68DL + 0.68SDL + 1.5RSY
LRFD067E 0.68DL + 0.68SDL - 1.5RSY
LRFD150W 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.6RLL + 0.5WX-
LRFD151W 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.6RLL + 0.5WY
LRFD152W 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.6RLL + 0.5WY-
LRFD153W 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.6RLL + 0.5WX2
LRFD154W 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.6RLL + 0.5WX2-
LRFD155W 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.6RLL + 0.5WY2
LRFD156W 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.6RLL + 0.5WY2-
LRFD157W 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.6RLL + 0.375WX + 0.375WY
LRFD158W 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.6RLL + 0.375WX + 0.375WY-
LRFD159W 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.6RLL + 0.375WX- + 0.375WY
LRFD160W 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.6RLL + 0.375WX- + 0.375WY-
282
LRFD161W 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.6RLL + 0.375WX2 + 0.375WY2

LRFD162W 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.6RLL + 0.375WX2 + 0.375WY2-
LRFD163W 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.6RLL + 0.375WX2- + 0.375WY2
LRFD164W 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.6RLL + 0.375WX2- + 0.375WY2-
LRFD165W 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.0LL + 0.5RLL + 1.0WX 203-4
LRFD166W 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.0LL + 0.5RLL + 1.0WX-
LRFD167W 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.0LL + 0.5RLL + 1.0WY
LRFD168W 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.0LL + 0.5RLL + 1.0WY-
LRFD169W 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.0LL + 0.5RLL + 1.0WX2
LRFD170W 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.0LL + 0.5RLL + 1.0WX2-
LRFD171W 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.0LL + 0.5RLL + 1.0WY2
LRFD172W 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.0LL + 0.5RLL + 1.0WY2-
LRFD173W 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.0LL + 0.5RLL + 0.75WX + 0.75WY
LRFD174W 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.0LL + 0.5RLL + 0.75WX + 0.75WY-
LRFD175W 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.0LL + 0.5RLL + 0.75WX- + 0.75WY
LRFD176W 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.0LL + 0.5RLL + 0.75WX- + 0.75WY-
LRFD177W 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.0LL + 0.5RLL + 0.75WX2 + 0.75WY2
LRFD178W 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.0LL + 0.5RLL + 0.75WX2 + 0.75WY2-
LRFD179W 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.0LL + 0.5RLL + 0.75WX2- + 0.75WY2
LRFD180W 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.0LL + 0.5RLL + 0.75WX2- + 0.75WY2-
LRFD181W 0.9DL + 0.9SDL + 1.0WX 203-6
LRFD182W 0.9DL + 0.9SDL + 1.0WX-
LRFD183W 0.9DL + 0.9SDL + 1.0WY
LRFD184W 0.9DL + 0.9SDL + 1.0WY-
LRFD185W 0.9DL + 0.9SDL + 1.0WX2
LRFD186W 0.9DL + 0.9SDL + 1.0WX2-
LRFD187W 0.9DL + 0.9SDL + 1.0WY2
LRFD188W 0.9DL + 0.9SDL + 1.0WY2-
LRFD189W 0.9DL + 0.9SDL + 0.75WX + 0.75WY
LRFD190W 0.9DL + 0.9SDL + 0.75WX + 0.75WY-
283
LRFD191W 0.9DL + 0.9SDL + 0.75WX- + 0.75WY

LRFD192W 0.9DL + 0.9SDL + 0.75WX- + 0.75WY-
LRFD193W 0.9DL + 0.9SDL + 0.75WX2 + 0.75WY2
LRFD194W 0.9DL + 0.9SDL + 0.75WX2 + 0.75WY2-
LRFD195W 0.9DL + 0.9SDL + 0.75WX2- + 0.75WY2
LRFD196W 0.9DL + 0.9SDL + 0.75WX2- + 0.75WY2-
284
Table 3.77
Load Combination for ASD
ASD076 1.0DL + 1.0SDL 203-8
ASD077 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 1.0LL 203-9
ASD078 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.5RLL 203-10
ASD079 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.75LL + 0.375RLL 203-11
ASD080E 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 1.071RSX 203-12
ASD081E 1.0DL + 1.0SDL - 1.071RSX
ASD082E 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 1.071RSY
ASD083E 1.0DL + 1.0SDL - 1.071RSY
ASD084E 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 1.071RSX + 0.321RSY
ASD085E 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 1.071RSX - 0.321RSY
ASD086E 1.0DL + 1.0SDL - 1.071RSX + 0.321 RSY
ASD087E 1.0DL + 1.0SDL - 1.071RSX - 0.321 RSY
ASD088E 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 1.071RSY + 0.321 RSX
ASD089E 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 1.071RSY - 0.321RSX
ASD090E 1.0DL + 1.0SDL - 1.071RSY + 0.321RSX
ASD091E 1.0DL + 1.0SDL - 1.071RSY - 0.321 RSX
ASD092E 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.75LL + 0.803RSX 203-13
ASD093E 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.75LL - 0.803RSX
ASD094E 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.75LL + 0.803RSY
ASD095E 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.75LL - 0.803RSY
ASD096E 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.75LL + 0.803RSX + 0.242RSY
ASD097E 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.75LL + 0.803RSX - 0.242RSY
ASD098E 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.75LL - 0.803RSX + 0.242RSY
ASD099E 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.75LL - 0.803RSX - 0.242RSY
ASD100E 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.75LL + 0.803RSY + 0.242RSX
ASD101E 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.75LL + 0.803RSY - 0.242RSX
ASD102E 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.75LL - 0.803RSY + 0.242RSX
ASD103E 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.75LL - 0.803RSY - 0.242RSX
285
ASD104E 0.6DL + 0.6SDL + 1.071RSX 203-14

ASD105E 0.6DL + 0.6SDL - 1.071RSX
ASD106E 0.6DL + 0.6SDL + 1.071RSY
ASD107E 0.6DL + 0.6SDL - 1.071RSY
ASD110E 0.6DL + 0.6SDL - 1.071RSX + 0.321RSY
ASD111E 0.6DL + 0.6SDL - 1.071RSX - 0.321RSY
ASD112E 0.6DL + 0.6SDL + 1.071RSY + 0.321RSX
ASD115E 0.6DL + 0.6SDL - 1.071RSY - 0.321RSX
ASD116E 0.6DL + 0.6SDL + 1.071RSX 203-15
ASD117E 0.6DL + 0.6SDL - 1.071RSX
ASD118E 0.6DL + 0.6SDL + 1.071RSY
ASD119E 0.6DL + 0.6SDL - 1.071RSY
ASD122E 0.6DL + 0.6SDL - 1.071RSX + 0.321RSY
ASD123E 0.6DL + 0.6SDL - 1.071RSX - 0.321RSY
ASD124E 0.6DL + 0.6SDL + 1.071RSY + 0.321RSX
ASD127E 0.6DL + 0.6SDL - 1.071RSY - 0.321RSX
ASD128E 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 1.0LL + 0.5RLL 203-16
ASD129E 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 1.0LL + 1.071RSX 203-18
ASD130E 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 1.0LL - 1.071RSX
ASD131E 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 1.0LL + 1.071RSY
ASD132E 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 1.0LL - 1.071RSY
ASD133E 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 1.0LL + 1.071RSX + 0.321RSY
286
ASD134E 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 1.0LL + 1.071RSX - 0.321RSY

ASD135E 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 1.0LL - 1.071RSX + 0.321RSY
ASD136E 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 1.0LL - 1.071RSX - 0.321RSY
ASD137E 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 1.0LL + 1.071RSY + 0.321RSX
ASD138E 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 1.0LL + 1.071RSY - 0.321RSX
ASD139E 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 1.0LL - 1.071RSY + 0.321RSX
ASD140E 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 1.0LL - 1.071RSY - 0.321RSX
ASD141E 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.0LL + 1.5RSX 203-19
ASD142E 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.0LL - 1.5RSX
ASD143E 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.0LL + 1.5RSY
ASD144E 1.2DL + 1.2SDL + 1.0LL - 1.5RSY
ASD145E 0.9DL + 0.9SDL + 1.5RSX 203-20
ASD146E 0.9DL + 0.9SDL - 1.5RSX
ASD147E 0.9DL + 0.9SDL + 1.5RSY
ASD148E 0.9DL + 0.9SDL - 1.5RSY
ASD197W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.6WX 203-12
ASD198W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.6WX-
ASD199W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.6WY
ASD200W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.6WY-
ASD201W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.6WX2
ASD202W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.6WX2-
ASD203W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.6WY2
ASD204W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.6WY2-
ASD205W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.45WX + 0.45WY
ASD206W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.45WX + 0.45WY-
ASD207W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.45WX- + 0.45WY
ASD208W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.45WX- + 0.45WY-
ASD209W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.45WX2 + 0.45WY2
ASD210W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.45WX2 + 0.45WY2-
ASD211W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.45WX2- + 0.45WY2
287
ASD212W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.45WX2- + 0.45WY2-

ASD213W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.75LL + 0.45WX 203-13
ASD214W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.75LL + 0.45WX-
ASD215W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.75LL + 0.45WY
ASD216W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.75LL + 0.45WY-
ASD217W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.75LL + 0.45WX2
ASD218W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.75LL + 0.45WX2-
ASD219W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.75LL + 0.45WY2
ASD220W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.75LL + 0.45WY2-
ASD221W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.75LL + 0.3375WX + 0.3375WY
ASD222W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.75LL + 0.3375WX + 0.3375WY-
ASD223W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.75LL + 0.3375WX- + 0.3375WY
ASD224W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.75LL + 0.3375WX- + 0.3375WY-
ASD225W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.75LL + 0.3375WX2 + 0.3375WY2
ASD226W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.75LL + 0.3375WX2 + 0.3375WY2-
ASD227W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.75LL + 0.3375WX2- + 0.3375WY2
ASD228W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.75LL + 0.3375WX2- + 0.3375WY2-
ASD229W 0.6DL + 0.6SDL + 0.6WX 203-14
ASD230W 0.6DL + 0.6SDL + 0.6WX-
ASD231W 0.6DL + 0.6SDL + 0.6WY
ASD232W 0.6DL + 0.6SDL + 0.6WY-
ASD233W 0.6DL + 0.6SDL + 0.6WX2
ASD234W 0.6DL + 0.6SDL + 0.6WX2-
ASD235W 0.6DL + 0.6SDL + 0.6WY2
ASD236W 0.6DL + 0.6SDL + 0.6WY2-
ASD237W 0.6DL + 0.6SDL + 0.45WX + 0.45WY
ASD238W 0.6DL + 0.6SDL + 0.45WX + 0.45WY-
ASD239W 0.6DL + 0.6SDL + 0.45WX- + 0.45WY
ASD240W 0.6DL + 0.6SDL + 0.45WX- + 0.45WY-
ASD241W 0.6DL + 0.6SDL + 0.45WX2 + 0.45WY2
288
ASD242W 0.6DL + 0.6SDL + 0.45WX2 + 0.45WY2-

ASD243W 0.6DL + 0.6SDL + 0.45WX2- + 0.45WY2
ASD244W 0.6DL + 0.6SDL + 0.45WX2- + 0.45WY2-
ASD245W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.6WX 203-17
ASD246W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.6WX-
ASD247W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.6WY
ASD248W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.6WY-
ASD249W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.6WX2
ASD250W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.6WX2-
ASD251W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.6WY2
ASD252W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.6WY2-
ASD253W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.45WX + 0.45WY
ASD254W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.45WX + 0.45WY-
ASD255W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.45WX- + 0.45WY
ASD256W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.45WX- + 0.45WY-
ASD257W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.45WX2 + 0.45WY2
ASD258W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.45WX2 + 0.45WY2-
ASD259W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.45WX2- + 0.45WY2
ASD260W 1.0DL + 1.0SDL + 0.45WX2- + 0.45WY2-
289
3.6.2 MODAL ANALYSIS

This section presents the inputs and interpretations for modal analysis generated using
ETABS in accordance with NSCP 2015 Section 208.4.5.1 for checking of structural irregularities.
REINFORCED CONCRETE
Modal Analysis
The type and number of modes to be recovered from the model are defined by a modal
case. There is an infinite number of modal cases that can be defined. In each modal scenario, there
are a set of modes, each of which has a mode shape (normalized deflected form) and modal
attributes (period, cyclic frequency).
This modal analysis uses the Ritz vectors based on CSI Knowledge Base. Ritz vectors
analysis offers a better basis than Eigen vector analysis. Such that it is way more efficient and
widely used for dynamic analysis as it provides accurate and faster analysis with the same level of
accuracy.
Figure 3.144
Input for Modal – Ritz Load Case Data in ETABS 2016
290
Table 3.78
Computer Generated Modal Direction Factors
Figure 3.145
Mode 1 From ETABS 2016
In Mode 1, the X-Axis governs with 97.9% displacement, while 2.1% rotation at Z-Axis
in the period of 1.04 seconds
291
Figure 3.146
In Mode 2, the Y-Axis governs with 100% displacement in the period of 0.982 seconds.
Figure 3.147
In Mode 3, the Z-Axis governs with 97.8 rotation, while 0.2% displacement at X-Axis in
the period of 0.75 seconds.
292
Table 3.79
Modal Participating Mass Ratio
293
STRUCTURAL STEEL
Table 3.80
Figure 3.148
Computer Generated Modal Direction Factors
294
Figure 3.149
in the period of 0.934 seconds
Figure 3.150
In Mode 2, the Y-Axis governs with 99.8% displacement while 0.2% rotation at Z-Axis t
in the period of 0.64 seconds.
295
Figure 3.151
In Mode 3, the Z-Axis governs with 99.5.8 rotation, while 0.5% displacement at X-Axis
Table 3.81
Modal Participating Mass Ratio
296
REINFORCED CONCRETE
3.6.2.1 RESPONSE-SPECTRUM ANALYSIS-RCD

This method of determining a structure's statistically likely response to seismic loads is
known as response-spectrum analysis. In this linear approach, rather than using time-history
ground motion records, response-spectrum ground-acceleration records depending on the seismic
load and site parameters are used. Although this method is incredibly efficient, it does not
account for the structure's dynamical nature.
Figure 3.152
Input for Response-Spectrum Function in ETABS 2016
The response-spectrum scale factor is Ig/R, where g is the acceleration due to gravity, that
is according to CSI Knowledge Base. I is the Importance Factor, and R is the Response
Modification Factor.
𝐼𝑔 1(9806.65)
𝑆𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = = = 612.915625
2𝑅 2(8)
297
Figure 3.153
Input for Response-Spectrum Load Case at X-Direction
Figure 3.154
Input for Response-Spectrum Load Case at Y-Direction
298
After running the analysis, the base shear to all modes shall be reviewed at the Response
Spectrum Base Reaction Table. According to ACI Code, the base shear generated from the
response-spectrum functions (RSX and RSY) must be at least 85% of the generated static base
shear. If the base shear of response-spectrum analysis is equal or greater than 85% of the static
base shear, then there is no further action required. Otherwise, the scale factor shall be adjusted to
achieve the requirements of the code.
Table 3.82
Reaction of Static and Dynamic Base Shear (EQX and RSX)
Output Case Case Type FX
kN
EQX LinStatic -24,213.7868
RSX LinRespSpec 10,844.6496
𝑅𝑆𝑋 −24213.7868
= 𝑥 100
𝐸𝑄𝑋 10844.6496
= 72.01869649 % < 85%
Table 3.83
Reaction of Static and Dynamic Base Shear (EQY and RSY)
Output Case Case Type FY
kN
EQY LinStatic -25,621.3578
RSY LinRespSpec 11,322.0035
𝑅𝑆𝑌 −25621.3578
= 𝑥 100
𝐸𝑄𝑌 −6234.7697
= -74.45085261 % < 85%
The response-spectrum base shear over static base shear at X-Axis and Y-Axis are less
than 85% therefore, the scale factors shall be adjusted. The new scale factor would be (Ig/2R) x
(EQX/RSX) and (Ig/R) x (EQY/RSY
299
Sample Computation:
𝐸𝑄𝑋
𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑆𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑋 = (𝑃𝑅𝐸𝑉 𝑆𝐶𝐴𝐿𝐸 𝐹𝐴𝐶𝑇𝑂𝑅 ) × ( )
𝑅𝑆𝑋
−24,213.7868
= (612.92)𝑥 ( 10,844.6496 )
𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑆𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑋 = 𝟏, 𝟑𝟔𝟖. 𝟓𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟕𝟖
𝐸𝑄𝑌
𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑆𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑌 = (𝑃𝑅𝐸𝑉 𝑆𝐶𝐴𝐿𝐸 𝐹𝐴𝐶𝑇𝑂𝑅 ) × ( )
𝑅𝑆𝑌
−25,621.3578
= (612.92)𝑥 ( 11,322.0035 )
𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑆𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑌 = 1,387.02
Figure 3.155
New Input for Scale Factor at X-Direction
300
Figure 3.156
New Input for Scale Factor at Y-Direction
Table 3.84
New Reaction of Static and Dynamic Base Shear (EQX and RSX)
kN
𝑅𝑆𝑋 24,213.796
= 𝑥 100
𝐸𝑄𝑋 −24,213.7868
= 100 % > 85%

301
Table 3.85
New Reaction of Static and Dynamic Base Shear (EQY and RSY)
kN
𝑅𝑆𝑌 25,621.362
= 𝑥 100
𝐸𝑄𝑌 −25,621.3578
= 100 % > 85%
The response-spectrum base shear at X-Axis and Y-Axis are more than 85% of static
base shear. Therefore, there is no further action needed.
Table 3.86
Base Reaction
302
STRUCTURAL STEEL
3.6.2.2 RESPONSE-SPECTRUM ANALYSIS-STRUCTURAL STEEL

Figure 3.157
𝐼𝑔 1(9806.65)
𝑆𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = = = 817.22
2𝑅 2(6)
303
Figure 3.158
Figure 3.159
304
Table 3.87
kN
𝑅𝑆𝑋 15361.444
= 𝑥 100
𝐸𝑄𝑋 −36637.3038
= 72.01869649 % < 85%
Table 3.88
kN
𝑅𝑆𝑌 17993.5654
= 𝑥 100
𝐸𝑄𝑌 −41949.3174
= 74.45085261 % < 85%
The response-spectrum base shear over static base shear at X-Axis and Y-Axis are less
than 85% therefore, the scale factors shall be adjusted. The new scale factor would be (Ig/2R) x
(EQX/RSX) and (Ig/R) x (EQY/RSY)
305
Sample Computation:
𝐸𝑄𝑋
𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑆𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑋 = (𝑃𝑅𝐸𝑉 𝑆𝐶𝐴𝐿𝐸 𝐹𝐴𝐶𝑇𝑂𝑅 )𝑥 ( )
𝑅𝑆𝑋
−36637.3038
= (817.22)𝑥 ( )
15361.444
𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑆𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑋 = 1,949.08
𝐸𝑄𝑌
𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑆𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑌 = (𝑃𝑅𝐸𝑉 𝑆𝐶𝐴𝐿𝐸 𝐹𝐴𝐶𝑇𝑂𝑅 )𝑥 ( )
𝑅𝑆𝑌
−41949.3174
= (817.22)𝑥 ( 17993.5654 )
𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑆𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑌 = 1,905.22
Figure 3.160
New Input for Scale Factor at X-Direction
306
Figure 3.161
New Input for Scale Factor at Y-Direction
Table 3.89
New Reaction of Static and Dynamic Base Shear (EQX and RSX)
kN
𝑅𝑆𝑋 36,637.2375
= 𝑥 100
𝐸𝑄𝑋 −36,637.3038
= 100 % > 85%

307
Table 3.90
New Reaction of Static and Dynamic Base Shear (EQY and RSY)
kN
𝑅𝑆𝑌 41,949.17
= 𝑥 100
𝐸𝑄𝑌 −41,949.3174
= 100 % > 85%
Table 3.91
Base Reaction
308
3.6.3 DESIGN FLOW CHART REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN (USD) AND

STRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGN (LRFD AND ASD)
Figure 3.162
Design Flowchart for Column
309
Figure 3.163
Design Flowchart for Slab
310
311
Figure 3.164
Design Flowchart for Beam
312
313
314
315
Figure 3.165
Design Flowchart for Steel Columns (LRFD And ASD)
316
Figure 3.166
Design Flowchart for Steel Beams (LRFD And ASD)
317
3.7 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN (USD)

3.7.1 SLAB
3.7.1a DESIGN FLOW CHART FOR SLAB BY ULTIMATE DESIGN
METHOD (USD)
Figure 3.167
Design Flowchart for RCD One Way-Slab (USD)
Start
Compute the Self Weight of Slab

Weight = Yconcrete x h
Compute the Factored Floor Pressure

1.4DL + 1.6LL
Solve for Uniform Load
Wu = Factored Load Pressure x 1 m
Solve for Effective Depth
d = h – concrete cover – main bar diameter/2
Compute Required 𝝆
𝑴𝒖
𝑹𝒖 =
∅ 𝒃 𝒅𝟐
𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′𝒄 𝟐𝑹𝒖
𝝆= [𝟏 − √𝟏 − ]
𝒇𝒚 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′ 𝒄
𝟏. 𝟒
𝝆𝒎𝒊𝒏 =
𝒇𝒚
𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′ 𝒄𝜷𝟏(𝟔𝟎𝟎)
𝝆 𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓
𝒇𝒚 (𝟔𝟎𝟎 + 𝒇𝒚 )
• If 𝜌 is less than 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 and greater than 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛, use 𝜌

• 1
If 𝜌 is greater than 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥, increase the depth of slab to ensure ductile failure
• If 𝜌 is less than 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛, use 𝜌 = 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛
318
Compute for the Required Main

Bar Spacing
𝑨𝒔 = 𝝆𝒃𝒅, where b is 1000

𝑨𝒃𝒂𝒓
S1 = 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝑨𝒔
For the main bar spacing, use the

smallest of the following:
1. S1
2. 3 x h
3. 450 mm
Compute for the Required Temperature Bars Spacing
𝑨𝒔𝒕 = 𝝆𝒕 𝒃 𝒉
𝑨𝒃𝒂𝒓
S2 = 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝑨𝒔𝒕
For the temperature bar spacing, use the smallest of the following:
1. S2
2. 5 x h
3. 450 mm
END
319
3.7.1b DESIGN CALCULATION

Sample Computation:
Taking Slab S3 in Roof Deck into consideration
DESIGN PARAMETER OF ONE-WAY SLAB
Design Loads
Self-Weight 2.95 kPa
Superimposed Dead Load 4.65 kPa
Live Load 19.5 kPa
Wu 40.32 kN-m
Beam Dimension
Thickness 125 mm
Long Span 10 m
Short Span 3.3333 m
Flexural Bar
Concrete Cover 20 mm
Diameter of Main Bar 12 mm
Compressive Strength of Concrete 28 MPa
Steel Yield Strength 276 Mpa
Effective Depth 99 mm
Beta β 0.85
Temperature Bar
Concrete Cover 20 mm
Diameter of Main Bar 10 mm
Steel Yield Strength 276 Mpa
Self-Weight of Slab
Unit weight of Concrete = 23.6 MPa
Thickness of Slab = 125 mm

125 𝑚𝑚
Self-Weight of Slab = 𝑥 23.6 𝑀𝑃𝑎
1000
Self-Weight of Slab = 2.95

320
Factored Load
Dead Load = 4.65 kPa
Live Load = 19.5 kPa
Factored Floor Pressure = 1.2 (4.65 + 2.95) + 1.6 (19.5)
Factored Floor Pressure = 40.32 kPa
Uniform Load, Wu = Factored Load Pressure x 1 m
Uniform Load, Wu = 40.32 kPa x 1 m
Wu = 40.32 kPa
Effective Depth
Concrete Cover = 20 mm
Main Bar Diameter = 12 mm

12 mm
d = 125 mm - 20 mm - 2
d = 99 mm
Required 𝝆
𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′𝒄 𝟐𝑹𝒖
𝝆= [𝟏 − √𝟏 − ]
𝒇𝒚 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′ 𝒄
𝟏. 𝟒
𝝆𝒎𝒊𝒏 =
𝒇𝒚
𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′ 𝒄𝜷𝟏(𝟔𝟎𝟎)
𝝆 𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓
𝒇𝒚(𝟔𝟎𝟎 + 𝒇𝒚)
321
Note:
If 𝜌 is less than 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 and greater than 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛, use 𝜌
If 𝜌 is greater than 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥, increase the depth of slab to ensure ductile failure
If 𝜌 is less than 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛, use 𝜌 = 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛
SUPPORT MIDSPAN
Design Moment Mu Design Moment Mu

𝑾𝒖𝑳𝒏𝟐
Mu = 𝟏𝟏 𝑾𝒖𝑳𝒏𝟐
Mu= 𝟏𝟔
40.32 (3.3333)2
Mu = 11 40.32 (3.3333)2
Mu = 16
Mu = 40.72645819
Mu = 27.99944
Ru in Support Ru in Support
𝐌𝐮 𝐌𝐮
𝐑𝐧 = 𝐑𝐧 =
∅ 𝐛 𝐝𝟐 ∅ 𝐛 𝐝𝟐
40.72645819 x 106 27.99944 x 106

Rn = Ru =
0.9 (1000) (99)2 0.9 (1000) (99)2
𝐑𝐧 = 𝟒. 𝟔𝟏𝟕𝟒𝟒𝟐𝟔𝟔𝟓 𝐑𝐮 = 𝟑. 𝟏𝟕𝟒𝟐𝟏𝟓𝟕𝟖𝟑
𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′𝒄 𝟐𝑹𝒏 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′𝒄 𝟐𝑹𝒏

𝝆= [𝟏 − √𝟏 − ] 𝝆= [𝟏 − √𝟏 − ]
𝒇𝒚 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′ 𝒄 𝒇𝒚 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′ 𝒄
0.85(28) 2(4.617442665) 0.85(28) 2 (3.174215783)

𝜌= [1 − √1 − ] 𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]
276 0.85(28) 276 0.85 (28)
𝝆 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟖𝟕𝟕𝟑𝟒𝟑𝟓𝟐𝟒 𝝆 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟑𝟗𝟏𝟎𝟒𝟒𝟎𝟏
Required Main Bar Spacing Required Main Bar Spacing
As = 𝛒𝐛𝐝, where b is 1000 As = 𝛒𝐛𝐝, where b is 1000
As = 0.01877343524 (1000) (99) As = 0.01239104401 (1000) (99)

As = 1858.57 mm As = 1226.71 mm
Asmin = 0.002t NSCP 2015 TABLE 407.6.1.1 Asmin = 0.002bt NSCP 2015 TABLE 407.6.1.1
= 250 mm = 250 mm
Final As = 1858.57 mm Final As = 1226.71 mm
𝑨𝒃𝒂𝒓 𝑨𝒃𝒂𝒓
S1 = 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 S1 = 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝑨𝒔 𝑨𝒔
𝟏𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟏𝟑
S1 = 𝟏𝟖𝟓𝟖.𝟓𝟕𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 S1 = 𝟏𝟐𝟐𝟔.𝟕𝟏 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
S1 = 60.79942891 say 60 mm S1 = 92.11605902 say 100 mm

Smax is lesser between the two Smax is lesser between the two
a. 3(125) = 375 mm
322
a. 3(125) = 375 mm b. 450 mm
b. 450 mm
Spacing to be Used = 60 mm Spacing to be Used = 100 mm
Required Temperature Bar Spacing
Ast = 𝜌𝑡 𝑏𝑑
Ast = 0.002 (1000) (125)
Ast = 250
𝑨𝒃𝒂𝒓
a. S2 = 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝑨𝒔
79
S2 = 250 𝑥 1000
S2 = 316 say 320 mm
b. 5 x h
5(125) = 625 mm
c. 450 mm
Spacing to be Used = 320 mm
SUMMARY:
Use 10 mm Diameter
@SUPPORT 60 mm oc
@MIDSPAN 100 mm oc
@TEMP BARS 320 mm oc
323
Table of Summary
Table 3.92
Summary of One Way-Slab Design in Second Floor (USD)
Second Floor
Member Slab Type Location Long Short Flexural Reinforcement Temp Bar
Span Span DIA s DIA s
S1 One Way Support 10 3.3333 12 @ 160 mm O.C 10 @ 320 mm O.C
Slab
One Way Midspan 10 3.3333 12 @ 230 mm O.C 10 @ 320 mm O.C
Slab
Slab
Slab
Slab
Slab
Slab
Slab
Slab
Slab
Slab
Slab
324
Table 3.93
Summary of One Way-Slab Design in Third Floor (USD)
Third Floor
Slab
Slab
Slab
Slab
Slab
Slab
Slab
Slab
Slab
Slab
Slab
Slab
Table 3.94
Summary of One Way-Slab Design in Fourth Floor (USD)
Fourth Floor
Slab
Slab
Slab
Slab
Slab
Slab
Slab
325
Slab
Slab
Slab
Slab
Slab
Table 3.95
Summary of One Way-Slab Design in Roof Deck (USD)
Roof Deck
Slab
Slab
Slab
Slab
Slab
Slab
Slab
Slab
Slab
Slab
Slab
Slab
Slab
Slab
Slab
Slab
326
3.7.2 BEAMS
3.7.2a DESIGN FLOW CHART FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE
DESIGN BEAMS BY ULTIMATE DESIGN METHOD (USD)
Figure 3.168
Design Flowchart for RCD Beam (USD)
START
Solve for 𝝆𝒎𝒊𝒏 :
Choose the Geater Value:
1.4
Extract all files from ETABS 𝝆𝒎𝒊𝒏 =
𝑓𝑦
or
Given: Specifications
√𝑓′𝑐
𝝆𝒎𝒊𝒏 =
4𝑓𝑦
Solve for R
𝑀𝑢
𝑹 =
∅𝑏𝑑2
Is 𝝆𝒎𝒊𝒏 < 𝝆 ?
Solve for 𝝆 :
0.85𝑓′𝑐 2𝑅 No Yes
𝝆 = [1 − √1 − ]
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓′𝑐
Use 𝝆 = 𝝆𝒎𝒊𝒏 Use 𝝆

Solve for 𝝆𝒎𝒂𝒙 :
3 0.85𝑓′𝑐𝛽1
𝝆𝒎𝒂𝒙 = ( )
8 𝑓𝑦
Compute for As :
𝑨𝒔 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
Is 𝝆𝒎𝒂𝒙 ≥ 𝝆 ?
No Yes Solve for Required Number of

Longitudinal Bars
𝐴𝑠
Beam is Doubly Beam is Singly 𝑵 =
𝐴𝑏
Reinforced Reinforced
B
A
327
Solve for the Distance of Outer Compression

Fiber from the Neutral Axis (c)
𝑎
𝒄 =
𝛽1
Solve for the Stresses of Steel
𝑑−𝑐
𝜖 𝑡 = 0.003 ( )
𝑐
𝑓𝑦
𝜖 𝑡𝑦 = (𝐸𝑠 ); where Es = 200000 Mpa
Solve for the Reduction Factor ϕ
IF YES,
IF NO, CHECK IF
(𝜖 𝑡 − 𝜖 𝑡𝑦 )
Use ϕ = 0.9 𝜖 𝑡 < 0.005 𝛟 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟓 + 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 [
(𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓− 𝜖 𝑡𝑦 )
]
Solve for the Ultimate Moment Capacity

Mucap= ∅Mn
Where:
𝑎
𝑴𝒏 = 𝐴𝑠𝑓𝑦(𝑑 − 2) or
𝑎
𝑴𝒏 = 085 𝑓′𝑐𝑎𝑏(𝑑 − )
2
IF NO, CHECK IF IF YES,

REDESIGN Mucap > Mu ADEQUATE
C
328
Solve for the Required Steel Area (𝑨𝒔𝟏 )
𝑨𝒔𝟏 = ρmaxbd
Solve for Compression Block (a)
(𝐴𝑠1 ) 𝑓𝑦
𝒂 =
0.85 𝑓′𝑐 𝑎𝑏
Solve for Mu1 and Mu2

𝑎
𝑴𝒖𝟏 = ∅ 0.85𝑓′𝑐𝑎𝑏(𝑑 − )
2
𝑴𝒖𝟐 = 𝑀𝑢 − 𝑀𝑢1
Solve for the Value of (𝑨𝒔𝟐 )

𝑀𝑢
2
𝑨𝒔𝟐 = ∅ 𝑓𝑦 (𝑑−𝑑′)

𝑎
𝒄 =
𝛽1

𝑐 − 𝑑′
𝒇′𝒔 = 600 ( )
𝑐
IF NO, CHECK IF STEEL

𝑓𝑦 YIELDS
IF YES,
A’s =𝐴𝑠2 ( )
𝑓′𝑠 f’s ≥ fy A’s =𝑨𝒔𝟐
1
329
Solve for the Total Area of Tension Bars (𝑨𝒔𝒕 )
𝑨𝒔𝒕 = 𝐴𝑠1 + 𝐴𝑠2
Solve for Number of Compression and Tension

Longitudinal Bars
𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝐴′𝑠
𝑵 = 𝑵 =
𝐴𝑏𝑎𝑟 𝐴𝑏𝑎𝑟
Get the Actual Number of Longitudinal Bars by Rounding Up

the Value of N to a Whole Number
Solve for Actual Steel Area of Compression Bars

and Tension Bars
(A’sactual, Astactual)
𝑨𝒔𝒕 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑨′𝒔 = (𝑁𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 )(𝐴𝑏𝑎𝑟 )
Solve for Compression Block (a)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑦 − 𝐴′𝑠𝑓𝑦
𝒂 =
0.85 𝑓′𝑐 𝑎𝑏

𝑎
𝒄 =
𝛽1
Solve for the Stresses of Steel
𝑑−𝑐
𝜖 𝑡 = 0.003 ( )
𝑐
𝑓𝑦
𝜖 𝑡𝑦 = (𝐸𝑠 ); where Es = 200000 Mpa
2
330
`
2
Solve for the Reduction Factor ϕ
IF NO, IF YES,
CHECK IF (𝜖 𝑡 − 𝜖 𝑡𝑦 )
Use ϕ = 0.9 𝜖 𝑡 < 0.005 𝛟 = 0.65 + 0.25 [ ]
(0.005− 𝜖 𝑡𝑦 )
Solve for the Ultimate Moment Capacity Mucap=

∅Mn
Where:
𝑎
𝑴𝒏 = 0.85 𝑓′𝑐𝑎𝑏(𝑑 − ) + 𝐴′𝑠(𝑓𝑦)(𝑑 − 𝑑′)
2

REDESIGN Mucap > Mu ADEQUATE
C
331
Solve for the Spacing of Longitudinal Bars (Sl)
𝑏 − 2 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 − 2𝑑𝑏𝑠 − 𝑑𝑏
𝑺𝒍 =
𝑁 − 1
Solve for the Value of Clear Spacing (Cs)
Cs = Sl – θbar

DOUBLE LAYERD Cs ≥ 25mm SINGLE LAYERED
DESIGN OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT
Solve the Shear Strength by Concrete (Vc)
𝑽𝒄 = 0.17𝜆√𝑓′𝑐 𝑏𝑑
Solve for ∅𝑽𝒄 Solve for 0.5 ∅𝑽𝒄
CHECK IF CHECK IF
Vu > ∅𝑽𝒄 Vu > 0.5 ∅𝑽𝒄
IF NO IF YES
IF YES,
IF NO,
STIRRUPS NEEDED
NO STIRRUPS
STIRRUPS NEEDED NEEDED
4
3 D
332
Solve the Shear Strength provided by the Stirrups (Vs)
𝑉𝑢
𝑽𝒔 = − 𝑉𝑐
∅
Solve for Maximum Shear Strength provided by the Stirrups (𝑽𝒔𝒎𝒂𝒙 )
𝑽𝒔𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 0.66𝜆√𝑓′𝑐 𝑏𝑑
CHECK IF
Cs ≥ 25mm
IF NO, IF YES
REDESIGN Solve for Required Spacing of
Stirrups
𝐴𝑣𝑓𝑦𝑑
𝑺𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒅 =
𝑉𝑠
Note: Av =2*Aties
CHECK IF
𝑺𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒅 ≥ 25mm IF YES,
ADEQUATE
CHECK IF
𝑽𝒔 ≥ 𝟎. 𝟑𝟑√𝒇′𝒄 𝒃𝒅
IF NO, IF YES,
𝒅 𝒅
𝒐𝒓 𝟔𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎 𝒐𝒓 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎
𝟐 𝟒
NOTE: USE
SMALLEST VALUE 6
333
Solve for Required Spacing of Stirrups
Note: Smallest Value

𝐴𝑣𝑓𝑦
𝑺𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒅 =
0.062 √𝑓′𝑐 𝑏
But Shall Not Less Than:

𝐴𝑣𝑓𝑦
𝑺𝒎𝒂𝒙 =
0.3𝑏
𝑑
𝑺𝒎𝒂𝒙 =
2
SOLVE FOR THE NUMBER OF STIRRUPS NEEDED
According to NSCP Section 418.6.4.1
Hoops shall be provided in the following regions of a beam:

i. Over a length equal to 2h measured from the face of the supporting
column toward mid-span, at both ends of the beam.
ii. Over lengths equal to 2h on both sides of a section where flexural
yielding is likely to occur as a result of lateral displacements beyond the
elastic range of behavior

i. The first hoop shall be located not more than 50 mm from the face of a
supporting column.
ii. Spacing of the hoops shall not exceed the smallest of (a) through :
a. d/4
b. 6 *db
c. 150 mm
7
334

Where hoops are not required, stirrups with seismic hooks at both ends
shall be spaced at a distance not more than d/2 throughout the length of the
beam.

i. Along the remaining length hoops shall have spacing, s, not exceeding
the smaller of
a. 6 *db
b. 150 mm
ii. Additional transverse reinforcement having
a. not exceeding 100 mm
b. spacing not exceeding 300 mm shall be provided
According to Section 418.6.4.6

IF STIRRUPS ARE NOT REQUIRED
D Where hoops are not required, stirrups with seismic hooks

at both ends shall be spaced at a distance not more than d/2
throughout the length of the beam.
Solve for Number of Stirrups Needed @ distance 2h

2ℎ
𝑵=
𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔
END
335
Sample Computation:
Figure 3.169
Manual Computation for Beam-185 at Second Floor (Left Support)
MANUAL COMPUTATION FOR BEAM-USD

DESIGN DETAILS FOR BEAM-185
INPUT
Design Parameters:
A. Material Properties Unit
Yield Strength of Steel f'c 28 Mpa
Compression Strength of Concrete fy 420 Mpa
Modulus of Elasticity Es 200000 Mpa
B. Dimensions
Base b 500 mm
Height h 750 mm
Concrete Cover cc 40 mm
Effective Concrete Cover d' 64.5 mm
Effective Depth d 685.5 mm
C. Reinforcements
Area of Main Bars Ab 490.8738521 sq.m
Diamater of Bar db 25 mm
Area of Stirrups As 113.0973355 sq.m
Diameter of Stirrups ds 12 mm
D. Design Factor
Strength Reduction Factor Ø 0.9
E. Beta
β = 0.85, for f'c < 28 MPa
β = 0.85 - (0.05 * f'c - 28) / 7, for f'c > 28 MPa β 0.85
β = 0.65, for f'c > 56 MPa
F. Design Moment
Ultimate Design Moment Mu 1636.4745 kN.m
G. Design Shear Force
Shear Force Vu 1077.8152 kN
OUTPUT
I. Check if Singly or Doubly
a. Solve for the Value of Coefficient of Resistance
𝑴𝒖
𝑹=
𝒃𝒅𝟐 R 7.738945894 Mpa
b. Compute for Required Steel Ratio
ρreq 0.023158099
c. Solve for the Value of Maximum Steel Ratio

NOTE: if ρmax (solve) >0.025 ; USE ρmax = 0.02
ρmax 0.0180625
d. Solve for the Value of Minimum Steel Ratio
ρmin 0.003333333
ρmin 0.003149704
ρmin TO BE USED 0.003333333
NOTE: If the value of ρreq<ρmax ; SINGLY REINFORCED

If the value of ρreq>ρmax ; DOUBLY REINFORCED
ρ TO BE USED 0.0180625
∴ Doubly Reinforced
336
DOUBLY REINFORCED
I. Steel Area
a. Solve for the Value of As
𝑨𝒔𝟏 6190.921875 sq.mm

𝑨𝒔𝟏 = 𝒑𝒃𝒅
II. Solve for a & c

a. Solve for a and C
𝒂
𝒄 = a 218.503125 mm
𝜷 c 257.0625 mm
III. Solve for the Moment

a. Solve forMu1, Mu2, As2
𝒂
𝑴𝒖𝟏 = ∅𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′𝒄𝒂𝒃(𝒅 − ) 𝑴𝒖𝟏 1348.518424 kN-m
𝟐
𝑴𝒖𝟐 = 𝑴𝒖 − 𝑴𝒖𝟏 𝑴𝒖2 287.9560764 kN-m
𝑨𝒔𝟐 1226.71266 sq.mm
IV. Checking the Stresses of Steel

a. Check Assumption
𝒇′𝒔 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎( 𝒅−𝒄

𝒄 ) f's 1000
∴ Steel Yields
b. Compute for A's
NOTE: If f's≥ fy, then A's = 𝑨𝒔𝟐

If f's ≤ fy, then A's = 𝑨𝒔𝟐 𝒇𝒚 A's 1226.71266 sq.mm
𝒇𝒔
c. Compute for
𝑨𝒔𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 = 𝑨𝒔𝟏 + 𝑨𝒔𝟐 𝑨𝒔𝑻𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 7417.634535 sq.mm
V. Number of Reinforcement Bars Required

a. Solve for Tension Bars (Bottom Bars)
n 15.11108099 pcs
SAY: For Bottom Bars n 16 pcs
b.. Solve for Compression Bars (Top Bars)
n 2.49903851 pcs
SAY: For Top Bars n 3 pcs
VI. Check For the Capacity of a Doubly Reinforced Design

a. Solve for Actual Steel Area (Tension)
𝑨𝒔𝒕 = 𝑵𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝑻𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒔 ∗ 𝑨𝒃𝒂𝒓 𝑨𝒔𝒕 7853.981634 sq.m
b. Solve for Actual Steel Area (Compression)
𝑨′ 𝒔 = 𝑵𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑩𝒂𝒓 ∗ 𝑨𝒃𝒂𝒓 𝑨′ 𝒔 1472.621556 sq.m
c. Solve for Actual Compression Block
a 225.2244733 mm
c 264.9699686 mm
𝒂
𝒄=
𝜷𝟏
e. Solve for Ultimate Moment Capacity of Beam
𝒂 Mn 1919.526457 kN-m
𝑴𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′𝒄𝒂𝒃(𝒅 − ) + 𝑨′𝒔(𝒇𝒚)(𝒅 − 𝒅′)
𝟐
337
𝒂 Mn 1919.526457 kN-m
𝑴𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′𝒄𝒂𝒃(𝒅 − ) + 𝑨′𝒔(𝒇𝒚)(𝒅 − 𝒅′)
𝟐
𝒕𝒚 < 𝒕 < 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓 REMARKS NOT APPLICABLE
Ø 0.9
𝒅−𝒄
𝒔 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑( 𝒄
) Ԑs 0.005
Ԑty 0.0021
𝒕 ≥ 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓 REMARKS APPLICABLE

Ø 0.9
Ø TO BE USED 0.9
𝑴𝒏
ØMn 1727.573811 kN-m
VII. Compute for DCR
𝑴𝒖
𝑫𝑪𝑹 = DCR 0.947267485
𝑴𝒏 Remarks Safe
V. Design
THEREFORE,
USE 500 x 750 RECTANGULAR BEAM (mm)
WITH 16 - 25 mm dia. BOTTOM BARS
3 - 25 mm dia. TOP BARS
∴ Main Bar Spacing

VI.
Top Bar Spacing 173 mm

Bottom Bar Spacing 1.4 mm
If Cs >=25 mm ; Single Layered

If Cs =< 25 mm ; Double Layered
For Top Bar Spacing 148 mm Single Layered

REMARKS
For Bottom Bar Spacing 23.6 mm Single Layered
338
Figure 3.170
Manual Computation for Beam-349 at Second Floor (Middle Support)

INPUT
Design Parameters:
B. Dimensions
Base b 450 mm
Height h 600 mm

C. Reinforcements
D. Design Factor
E. Beta
β = 0.85, for f'c < 28 MPa
β = 0.85 - (0.05 * f'c - 28) / 7, for f'c > 28 MPa β 0.85
β = 0.65, for f'c > 56 MPa
F. Design Moment
OUTPUT
𝑴𝒖
𝑹=
𝒃𝒅𝟐 R 8.390839593 Mpa
ρreq 0.025894662

ρmax 0.0180625
ρmin 0.003333333
ρmin 0.003149704

339
DOUBLY REINFORCED
I. Steel Area
𝑨𝒔𝟏 4352.610938 sq.mm

II. Solve for a & c

𝒂
𝒄= a 170.690625 mm
𝜷 c 200.8125 mm

𝒂
𝑴𝒖𝟏 = ∅𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′𝒄𝒂𝒃(𝒅 − ) 𝑴𝒖𝟏 740.6336258 kN-m
𝟐
𝑴𝒖𝟐 = 𝑴𝒖 − 𝑴𝒖𝟏 𝑴𝒖2 233.8608742 kN-m
𝑨𝒔𝟐 1313.544716 sq.mm

a. Check Assumption
𝒇′𝒔 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎(𝒅−𝒄
𝒄 ) f's 1000
∴ Steel Yields
b. Compute for A's

𝒇𝒔
c. Compute for 𝑨𝒔𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍

n 11.54299751 pcs
n 2.675931323 pcs

a 173.2495949 mm
c 203.8230528 mm
𝒂
𝒄=
𝜷𝟏
340
𝒂 Mn 1124.203354 kN-m
𝑴𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′𝒄𝒂𝒃(𝒅 − ) + 𝑨′𝒔(𝒇𝒚)(𝒅 − 𝒅′)
𝟐
Ø 0.9
𝒅−𝒄
𝒔 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑( 𝒄
) Ԑs 0.005
Ԑty 0.0021

Ø 0.9
Ø TO BE USED 0.9
𝑴𝒏
ØMn 1011.783018 kN-m
𝑴𝒖
𝑫𝑪𝑹 = DCR 0.963145736
V. Design
THEREFORE,

VI.



REMARKS
341
Figure 3.171
Manual Computation for Beam-65 at Third Floor (Right Support)

INPUT
Design Parameters:
B. Dimensions
Base b 550 mm
Height h 700 mm
C. Reinforcements
D. Design Factor
E. Beta
β = 0.85, for f'c < 28 MPa
β = 0.85 - (0.05 * f'c - 28) / 7, for f'c > 28 MPa β 0.85
β = 0.65, for f'c > 56 MPa
F. Design Moment
OUTPUT
𝑴𝒖
𝑹=
𝒃𝒅𝟐 R 7.912069844 Mpa
ρreq 0.023862579

ρmax 0.0180625
ρmin 0.003333333
ρmin 0.003149704

342
DOUBLY REINFORCED
I. Steel Area
𝑨𝒔𝟏 6313.295313 sq.mm

II. Solve for a & c

𝒂
𝒄= a 202.565625 mm
𝜷 c 238.3125 mm

𝒂
𝑴𝒖𝟏 = ∅𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′𝒄𝒂𝒃(𝒅 − ) 𝑴𝒖𝟏 1274.869587 kN-m
𝟐
𝑴𝒖𝟐 = 𝑴𝒖 − 𝑴𝒖𝟏 𝑴𝒖2 306.8388128 kN-m
𝑨𝒔𝟐 1421.616271 sq.mm

a. Check Assumption
𝒇′𝒔 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎(𝒅−𝒄
𝒄 ) f's 1000
∴ Steel Yields
b. Compute for A's

𝒇𝒔
c. Compute for 𝑨𝒔𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍

n 15.75743249 pcs
n 2.896092886 pcs

a 204.7495212 mm
c 240.8817897 mm
𝒂
𝒄=
𝜷𝟏
343
𝒂 Mn 1782.031032 kN-m
𝑴𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′𝒄𝒂𝒃(𝒅 − ) + 𝑨′𝒔(𝒇𝒚)(𝒅 − 𝒅′)
𝟐
Ø 0.9
𝒅−𝒄
𝒔 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑( 𝒄
) Ԑs 0.005
Ԑty 0.0021

Ø 0.9
Ø TO BE USED 0.9
𝑴𝒏
ØMn 1603.827928 kN-m
𝑴𝒖
𝑫𝑪𝑹 = DCR 0.986208291
V. Design
THEREFORE,

VI.



REMARKS
344
Table of Summary
Table 3.96
Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Reinforced Concrete Beams in Second Floor
(USD)
Second Floor
Beam Base (mm) Height (mm) Location Mu (kN-m) ØMn DCR
G1 350 500 Left 535.5932 552.8975 0.968702545
350 500 Midspan 413.1649 470.8228 0.877538062
350 500 Right 535.7457 552.8975 0.968978364
G2 500 750 Left 1,479.3379 1,524.679 0.970261574
500 750 Midspan 1,161.8115 1,204.143567 0.964844668
500 750 Right 1,504.8682 1,524.679 0.987006273
G3 500 750 Left 1,636.4745 1,726.836 0.947672412
500 750 Midspan 1,151.8015 1,204.143567 0.956531705
500 750 Right 1,636.6898 1,726.836 0.947797091
G4 500 750 Left 1,559.0614 1,611.667 0.967359323
500 750 Midspan 1,465.7254 1,524.679 0.961333468
500 750 Right 1,559.484 1,611.667 0.967621535
G5 550 750 Left 1,374.0708 1,405.999989 0.977290762
550 750 Midspan 1,060.3962 1,125.330178 0.942297844
550 750 Right 1,374.6762 1,405.999989 0.977721345
G6 400 650 Left 972.4438 1,007.93 0.964792663
400 650 Midspan 861 911.3076 0.944796208
400 650 Right 972.8275 1007.93 0.965173344
G7 500 800 Left 1,374.257 1,405.616556 0.977689822
500 800 Midspan 992.2299 1,097.566224 0.904027364
500 800 Right 1,375.4371 1,405.616556 0.978529382
G8 300 400 Left 230.051 263.0936 0.874407587
300 400 Midspan 182.7264 206.0637121 0.886747104
300 400 Right 227.2468 256.3224 0.886566446
G9 450 600 Left 509.7395 531.6430682 0.958800237
450 600 Midspan 352.9989 368.7015706 0.957410893
450 600 Right 518.1401 531.6430682 0.97460144
G10 350 550 Left 523.8924 535.7325 0.977899311
350 550 Midspan 504.2549 535.7325 0.941243888
350 550 Right 523.8924 535.7325 0.977899311
G11 350 600 Left 531.7974 582.7839928 0.912512023
350 600 Midspan 360.4064 360.5456515 0.999613776
345
350 600 Right 458.5716 513.2922502 0.893392799
G12 350 550 Left 420.1528 457.6553752 0.918054988
350 550 Midspan 344.6761 392.8487406 0.87737611
350 550 Right 421.223 457.6553752 0.920393429
G13 350 500 Left 518.6484 402.0185002 0.938055272
350 500 Midspan 401.5344 402.0185002 0.966879574
350 500 Right 522.8845 402.0185002 0.945716909
G14 300 600 Left 515.6815 499.5291367 0.878684487
300 600 Midspan 339.8857 402.0185002 0.998795826
300 600 Right 519.0118 499.5291367 0.884359081
G15 350 600 Left 296.4188 360.5456515 0.82213944
350 600 Midspan 184.8694 189.4482347 0.975830681
350 600 Right 285.9666 360.5456515 0.793149491
Table 3.97
Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Reinforced Concrete Intermediate Beams in
Second Floor (USD)
Intermediate Beam-Second Floor
Beam Base Height (mm) Location Mu (kN-m) ØMn DCR
(mm)
B1 450 600 Left 657.1521 680.3117074 0.965957359
450 600 Midspan 974.4945 1011.343 0.963564417
450 600 Right 706.0083 749.293705 0.942231725
B2 400 550 Left 531.3023 531.9241503 0.998830942
400 550 Midspan 383.0515 400.0170289 0.957587983
400 550 Right 614.6651 688.0783 0.893306893
B3 350 550 Left 533.7967 595.9514 0.895705106
350 550 Midspan 382.6003 392.8487406 0.973912502
350 550 Right 601.3272 613.8095 0.979664152
B4 400 550 Left 706.0187 766.1554 0.92150849
400 550 Midspan 463.3618 467.9777103 0.990136474
400 550 Right 657.3638 688.0783 0.955361894
B5 350 550 Left 485.8863 535.7325 0.906956997
350 550 Midspan 379.9387 517.8743053 0.970865121
350 550 Right 502.7861 535.7325 0.938502221
B6 350 550 Left 520.9861 535.7325 0.972474402
350 550 Midspan 430.617 457.6553752 0.940919791
350 550 Right 485.8461 535.7325 0.90688196
346
Table 3.98
Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Reinforced Concrete Beams in Third Floor
(USD)
Third Floor
G1 350 550 Left 604.607 613.8095377 0.985007503
350 550 Midspan 421.843 457.6553752 0.92174816
350 550 Right 604.7045 613.8095377 0.985166347
G2 550 700 Left 1,317.7526 1,391.348945 0.947104323
550 700 Midspan 906.1779 942.4793649 0.961483014
550 700 Right 1,319.8769 1,391.348945 0.948631114
G3 550 700 Left 1,621.6308 1,709.035501 0.948857293
550 700 Midspan 1,262.7211 1,285.453426 0.982315714
550 700 Right 1,622.0075 1,709.035501 0.94907771
G4 550 700 Left 1,581.0513 1,603.139983 0.986221613
550 700 Midspan 1,297.4861 1,391.348945 0.932538243
550 700 Right 1,581.7084 1,603.139983 0.986631496
G5 550 750 Left 1,376.7646 1,405.999989 0.979206693
550 750 Midspan 1,015.0502 1,025.934677 0.989390672
550 750 Right 1,377.4446 1,405.999989 0.979690335
G6 400 650 Left 975.2506 1,007.930344 0.967577379
400 650 Midspan 858.8054 911.3076373 0.94238802
400 650 Right 975.6197 1007.930344 0.967943575
G7 450 800 Left 1,426.8513 1,504.366554 0.94847316
450 800 Midspan 1,061.3856 1,083.114955 0.97993809
450 800 Right 1,427.2945 1,504.366554 0.94876777
G8 350 500 Left 406.0012 415.2889468 0.977635459
350 500 Midspan 274.8595 286.3631515 0.959828451
350 500 Right 474.1579 484.0932156 0.979476441
G9 350 600 Left 498.3527 513.2922502 0.970894651
350 600 Midspan 274.1074 277.2907954 0.98851965
350 600 Right 535.2153 582.7839928 0.918376803
G10 400 550 Left 562.3341 610.0012316 0.921857319
400 550 Midspan 411.8231 467.9777103 0.880005801
400 550 Right 569.105 610.0012316 0.932957133
G11 350 550 Left 518.673 535.7324564 0.968156761
350 550 Midspan 358.6817 392.8487406 0.913027491
350 550 Right 437.8117 457.6553752 0.956640572
G12 300 550 Left 409.7926 461.3681041 0.888211813
300 550 Midspan 340.0113 383.2910229 0.887083912
300 550 Right 413.1754 461.3681041 0.895543919
G13 350 500 Left 505.7469 552.8974843 0.914720928
347
350 550 Midspan 241.5232 392.8487406 0.897973351
350 550 Right 468.0242 535.7324564 0.946524135
G14 300 550 Left 316.9898 461.3681041 0.8828055
300 500 Midspan 157.2467 349.0504809 0.971654012
300 500 Right 310.5511 417.8547496 0.969204252
G15 350 550 Left 245.8207 323.4544015 0.844350854
350 550 Midspan 101.8212 249.4723579 0.731631358
350 550 Right 242.9691 323.4544015 0.846345571
Table 3.99
Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Reinforced Concrete Intermediate Beams in Third
Floor (USD)
Intermediate Beam-Third Floor
B1 350 600 Left 729.9368 757.4838 0.963633571
350 600 Midspan 591.0538 670.1339 0.881993601
350 600 Right 694.5396 757.4838 0.916903593
B2 400 550 Left 615.9851 688.0783 0.89522528
400 550 Midspan 378.205 400.0170289 0.945472249
400 550 Right 504.1018 531.9241503 0.947694892
B3 350 550 Left 610.1685 674.0285 0.905256275
350 550 Midspan 386.0937 392.8487406 0.982804983
350 550 Right 610.1537 674.0285 0.905234317
B4 400 550 Left 694.5745 766.1554 0.906571311
400 550 Midspan 467.4725 467.9777103 0.998920439
400 550 Right 729.8264 766.1554 0.952582734
B5 350 500 Left 492.9705 539.627 0.913539288
350 500 Midspan 374.3998 402.0185002 0.931299927
350 500 Right 516.4166 552.8975 0.934018719
B6 350 550 Left 516.6279 535.7325 0.964339371
350 550 Midspan 440.8198 457.6553752 0.963213422
350 550 Right 493.0981 535.7325 0.920418567
348
Table 3.100
Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Reinforced Concrete Beams in Fourth Floor
(USD)
Fourth Floor
G1 350 650 Left 573.5647 647.6936803 0.885549323
350 650 Midspan 397.5749 397.6369015 0.999844075
350 650 Right 573.0572 647.6936803 0.884765773
G2 300 500 Left 446.4587 486.659 0.917395308
300 500 Midspan 379.032 405.7312 0.934194789
300 500 Right 446.2636 486.659 0.916994411
G3 550 700 Left 1,378.2524 1,391.349 0.99058716
550 700 Midspan 1,117.5438 1,119.805292 0.997980459
550 700 Right 1,377.5707 1,391.349 0.990097204
G4 500 750 Left 1,347.0623 1,381.33065 0.975191783
500 750 Midspan 1,115.2562 1,204.143567 0.926182085
500 750 Right 1,346.5645 1,381.33065 0.974831406
G5 450 650 Left 1,099.1935 1,122.617 0.979134795
450 650 Midspan 898.4655 929.3717 0.966745035
450 650 Right 1,096.7167 1,122.617 0.976928522
G6 350 600 Left 812.4446 844.8337 0.961662189
350 600 Midspan 772.0718 844.8337 0.913874321
350 600 Right 812.0683 844.8337 0.961216776
G7 550 700 Left 1,215.6023 1,285.453426 0.945660321
550 700 Midspan 989.152 1,032.602053 0.957921784
550 700 Right 1,211.4581 1,285.453426 0.9424364
G8 350 650 Left 503.1952 568.9291252 0.884460257
350 650 Midspan 269.306 305.1092329 0.882654378
350 650 Right 505.2516 568.9291252 0.888074766
G9 400 650 Left 480.2981 492.7451539 0.974739368
400 650 Midspan 254.7481 307.6898166 0.827938028
400 650 Right 510.7269 579.2514603 0.881701532
G10 450 600 Left 533.3626 607.7614951 0.877585376
450 600 Midspan 394.4492 451.9564267 0.872759356
450 600 Right 546.4478 607.7614951 0.899115532
G11 300 500 Left 425.0339 474.5355 0.895684099
300 500 Midspan 317.4025 336.9269604 0.942051356
300 500 Right 342.5363 405.7312 0.844244355
G12 300 500 Left 330.4627 349.0505 0.946747586
300 500 Midspan 303.4627 336.9269604 0.900677998
300 500 Right 332.059 349.0505 0.95132085
G13 450 600 Left 538.9126 607.7614951 0.886717247
349
450 600 Midspan 389.9259 451.9564267 0.862751091

450 600 Right 559.305 607.7614951 0.920270541
G14 400 650 Left 555.5194 579.2514603 0.959029779
400 650 Midspan 386.8286 402.224606 0.961722864
400 650 Right 560.0749 579.2514603 0.966894239
G15 350 500 Left 216.3533 221.6539204 0.976086052
350 500 Midspan 162.3494 221.6539204 0.732445425
350 500 Right 217.8693 221.6539204 0.982925543
Table 3.101
Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Reinforced Concrete Intermediate Beams in
Fourth Floor (USD)
Intermediate Beam-Fourth Floor
B1 400 550 Left 621.9921 688.0783128 0.903955391
400 550 Midspan 431.7168 467.9777103 0.922515732
400 550 Right 622.359 688.0783128 0.904488615
B2 300 550 Left 502.6659 539.4451854 0.931820162
300 550 Midspan 337.1545 383.2910229 0.879630568
300 550 Right 489.7177 539.4451854 0.907817353
B3 350 550 Left 558.8103 613.8095377 0.9103969
350 550 Midspan 336.7055 392.8487406 0.857086877
350 550 Right 535.0303 595.9513865 0.897775074
B4 400 550 Left 622.3307 688.0783128 0.904447486
400 550 Midspan 394.8882 400.0170289 0.987178474
400 450 Right 621.9329 664.4776414 0.935972652
B5 300 500 Left 421.0448 474.5354979 0.887277774
300 500 Midspan 334.4195 349.0504809 0.958083482
300 500 Right 445.3511 474.5354979 0.938499021
B6 300 600 Left 445.675 499.5291367 0.892190199
300 600 Midspan 395.081 429.6550854 0.919530604
300 600 Right 421.1846 429.6550854 0.980285383
350
Table 3.102
Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Reinforced Concrete Beams in Roof Deck (USD)
Roof Deck
G1 350 550 Left 487.8521 535.7324564 0.910626366
350 550 Midspan 267.471 323.4544015 0.826920267
350 550 Right 487.642 535.7324564 0.910234193
G2 450 600 Left 464.1424 531.6430682 0.87303386
450 600 Midspan 271.8989 281.8784999 0.964596094
450 600 Right 464.1196 531.6430682 0.872990974
G3 450 650 Left 1,078.5213 1,100.681026 0.979867259
450 650 Midspan 643.1231 672.6711826 0.956073512
450 650 Right 1,078.2219 1,100.681026 0.979595246
G4 500 800 Left 1,924.6385 1,968.249909 0.977842545
500 800 Midspan 1,790.0082 1,843.808765 0.970820963
500 800 Right 1,923.3323 1,968.249909 0.97717891
G5 500 750 Left 1,766.6297 1,842.003975 0.959080286
500 750 Midspan 1,684.8295 1,726.835644 0.975674498
500 750 Right 1,766.4513 1,842.003975 0.958983435
G6 300 600 Left 576.3125 586.8790304 0.981995386
300 600 Midspan 434.7215 499.5291367 0.870262549
300 600 Right 576.0951 586.8790304 0.981624952
G7 550 700 Left 917.6324 942.4793649 0.973636595
550 700 Midspan 594.4179 654.5946115 0.908070261
550 700 Right 917.1298 942.4793649 0.973103321
G8 300 600 Left 422.2121 429.6550854 0.982676836
300 600 Midspan 188.2573 273.850017 0.687446735
300 600 Right 419.7391 429.6550854 0.976921057
G9 300 600 Left 403.7276 429.6550854 0.939655118
300 600 Midspan 176.3387 187.9189999 0.938376109
300 600 Right 402.1674 429.6550854 0.936023833
G10 300 450 Left 264.7106 302.6864184 0.874537422
300 450 Midspan 179.201 190.3947045 0.9412079
300 450 Right 259.3647 302.6864184 0.856875909
G11 450 650 Left 812.5843 832.7490175 0.97578536
450 650 Midspan 963.237 1004.058319 0.959343677
450 650 Right 808.0227 832.7490175 0.970307599
G12 350 450 Left 259.8095 300.1206156 0.865683617
350 450 Midspan 178.492 193.8354829 0.920842755
350 450 Right 261.6611 300.1206156 0.871853136
G13 300 450 Left 251.3945 290.5628979 0.865198213
300 450 Midspan 172.2259 190.3947045 0.904572953
351
300 450 Right 257.1985 302.6864184 0.849719328

G14 300 500 Left 265.1615 280.2462121 0.946173359
300 500 Midspan 174.9626 218.213142 0.801796805
300 500 Right 265.266 280.2462121 0.946546246
G15 300 500 Left 164.047 218.213142 0.751774153
300 500 Midspan 95.2797 150.8277499 0.631712003
300 500 Right 162.3258 218.213142 0.743886452
Table 3.103
Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Reinforced Concrete Intermediate Beams in Roof
Deck (USD)
Intermediate Beam-Roof Deck
B1 350 650 Left 786.7229 840.9390928 0.93552899
350 650 Midspan 289.8909 305.1092329 0.95012169
350 650 Right 451.8814 485.5768656 0.93060735
B2 350 550 Left 331.8705 392.8487406 0.844779341
350 550 Midspan 193.2463 249.4723579 0.774620089
350 550 Right 334.1537 392.8487406 0.850591247
B3 450 650 Left 616.2907 672.6711826 0.916184186
450 650 Midspan 1064.6763 1100.681026 0.967288683
450 650 Right 787.7453 832.7490175 0.945957646
B4 400 800 Left 452.013 513.498356 0.880261825
400 800 Midspan 267.6177 391.1451291 0.684190292
400 800 Right 451.7366 513.498356 0.879723557
B5 400 550 Left 291.7991 328.042106 0.889517213
400 550 Midspan 197.4238 252.0529416 0.783263225
400 550 Right 615.2333 688.0783128 0.894132671
B6 350 500 Left 337.5991 346.4846781 0.974355062
350 500 Midspan 220.0616 221.6539204 0.992816187
350 500 Right 273.6269 286.3631515 0.955524126
Table 3.104
Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Reinforced Concrete Beams in Roof (USD)
Roof
G1 350 450 Left 247.1551 249.2719015 0.991508062
350 450 Midspan 127.3302 133.8113597 0.951564951
350 450 Right 244.0851 249.2719015 0.979192194
352
3.7.3 COLUMN
3.7.3a DESIGN FLOW CHART FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
COLUMNS BY ULTIMATE DESIGN METHOD (USD)
Figure 3.172
Design Flowchart for RCD Column (USD)
START
` A Extract all files from ETABS
ASSUME FOR THE VALUE OF STEEL RATIO (ρ)
1% < ρ < 8%
Solve For Tied Column:
∅𝑷𝒏 = 𝑃𝑢𝑐𝑎𝑝 ; ∅ = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟓
𝑷𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟎𝑷𝒐
where:
𝑷𝒐 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′𝒄(𝑨𝒈 − 𝑨𝒔) + 𝑨𝒈𝒇𝒚
𝐴𝑠
𝝆 =
𝐴𝑔
𝑷𝒖𝒄𝒂𝒑 = 0.65(0.80)[0.85𝑓′𝑐𝐴𝑔(1 − 𝜌)) + 𝜌𝐴𝑔𝑓𝑦]
Solve for the Value of Gross Area (Ag)
𝑃𝑢
𝑨𝒈 =
0.80∅(0.85𝑓′𝑐(1 − 𝜌) + 𝜌𝑓𝑦
Solve for Column Dimension (b)
𝑏 = √𝐴𝑔
1
353
Solve for Actual Gross Area (𝐀𝐠 𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐚𝐥 ) and Actual

Dimension (𝐛𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐚𝐥 )
𝐀𝐠 𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐚𝐥 = 𝐛𝟐 𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐚𝐥
Solve for Required Steel Area (As)
𝑃𝑢 0.85 𝑓′𝑐𝐴𝑔
𝑨𝒔 = ( − )
0.65(0.80 0.85𝑓′𝑐 + 𝑓𝑦
Solve for Required Number of Longitudinal Bars

𝐴𝑠
𝑵 =
𝐴𝑏𝑎𝑟
Solve for Actual Steel Area (𝑨𝒔𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍 )
𝑨𝒔𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍 = 𝑁 ∗ 𝐴𝑏𝑎𝑟
Solve for Actual Steel Ratio (𝝆𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍 )

𝐴𝑠𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙
𝝆𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍 =
𝐴𝑔𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙
Solve for the Actual Ultimate Axial Load Capacity
𝑷𝒖𝒄𝒂𝒑(𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍) = 0.65(0.80)[0.85𝑓′𝑐(𝐴𝑔 − 𝐴𝑠)) + 𝐴𝑠𝑓𝑦]

REVISE SECTION P𝒖𝒄𝒂𝒑 > Pu ADEQUATE
A 2
2
354
For Ties Spacing
LEAST OF:
a. 16 x db
b. 48 x tie diameter
b. Least column dimension
According to NSCP Section 418.7.5

Length lo shall be at least the largest of (a) through (c)
a. The depth of the column at the joint face or at the section

where flexural yielding is likely to occur;
b. One-sixth of the clear span of the column
c. 450 mm

Spacing of transverse reinforcement shall not exceed the smallest of (a)
through (c)
a. One-fourth of the minimum column dimension

b. Six times the diameter of the smallest longitudinal bar;
350 − ℎ𝑥
b. 𝑆𝑜 = 100 + ( )
3
The value of 𝑆𝑜 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑒𝑑 150 𝑚𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛
𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 100 𝑚𝑚
Solve for Number of Ties @ Length (lo)

𝑙𝑜
𝑵=
𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑞
3
355
Figure 3.173
Column C32 at Elevation View C
Table 3.105
General Information of Column C32
File Name untitled.col
Project ---
Column ---
Engineer ---
Code ACI 318-14
Bar Set prEN 10080
Units Metric
Run Option Investigation
Run Axis Biaxial
Slenderness Not Considered
Column Type Structural
Capacity Moment capacity
Method
Table 3.106
Concrete Properties of Column C32
Type Standard
f'c 28 MPa
Ec 24870.1 MPa
fc 23.8 MPa
εu 0.003 mm/mm
β1 0.846954
356
Table 3.107
Steel Properties of Column C32
Type Standard
fy 420 MPa
Es 200000 MPa
εyt 0.0021 mm/
mm
Table 3.108
Shape and Properties of Column C32
Type Rectangular
Width 550 mm
Depth 550 mm
Ag 302500 mm2
Ix 7.62552e+009 mm4
Iy 7.62552e+009 mm4
rx 158.771 mm
ry 158.771 mm
Xo 0 mm
Yo 0 mm
Figure 3.174
Section Figure of Column C32
357
Figure 3.175
P-Mx-My Interaction Diagram of Column C-32
Table 3.109
Summary of Factored Loads and Moments with Corresponding Capacity Ratios at
Column-32
No. Demand Capacity Parameters at Capacity Capacity
Pu Mux Muy ɸPn ɸMnx ɸMny NA εt ɸ Ratio
Depth
kN kNm kNm kN kNm kNm mm
1 4972.21 -0.55 -14.47 4972.21 -12.76 -338.61 535 -0.00016 0.650 0.04
2 4949.34 1.17 4.95 4949.34 77.12 327.09 583 0.00001 0.650 0.02
3 4938.17 151.28 39.45 4938.17 325.88 84.98 586 0.00004 0.650 0.46
4 4938.17 151.28 -63.35 4938.17 307.04 -128.57 611 0.00012 0.650 0.49
5 4938.17 -150.97 39.45 4938.17 -325.81 85.14 586 0.00004 0.650 0.46
6 4938.17 -150.97 -63.35 4938.17 -306.90 -128.79 611 0.00012 0.650 0.49
7 4934.50 74.17 136.38 4934.50 157.37 289.36 624 0.00017 0.650 0.47
8 4934.50 74.17 -160.28 4934.50 139.23 -300.88 615 0.00014 0.650 0.53
9 4934.50 -73.86 136.38 4934.50 -156.87 289.68 624 0.00017 0.650 0.47
10 4934.50 -73.86 -160.28 4934.50 -138.77 -301.17 615 0.00014 0.650 0.53
11 4929.36 141.83 -4.37 4929.36 345.86 -10.65 529 -0.00014 0.650 0.41
12 4929.36 141.83 -19.53 4929.36 339.17 -46.71 559 -0.00005 0.650 0.42
13 4929.36 -141.51 -4.37 4929.36 -345.86 -10.68 529 -0.00014 0.650 0.41
14 4929.36 -141.51 -19.53 4929.36 -339.15 -46.81 559 -0.00005 0.650 0.42
15 4926.47 2.66 23.45 4926.47 38.72 341.11 552 -0.00007 0.650 0.07
16 4924.12 31.67 134.11 4924.12 78.12 330.77 581 0.00003 0.650 0.41
358
17 4924.12 31.67 -158.01 4924.12 67.15 -334.99 574 0.00001 0.650 0.47
18 4924.12 -31.36 134.11 4924.12 -77.40 331.05 580 0.00003 0.650 0.41
19 4924.12 -31.36 -158.01 4924.12 -66.52 -335.23 574 0.00000 0.650 0.47
20 4911.11 77.77 -15.79 4911.11 336.61 -68.36 574 0.00001 0.650 0.23
21 4855.01 74.17 -160.28 4855.01 143.91 -310.97 609 0.00019 0.650 0.52
22 4855.01 -73.86 -160.28 4855.01 -143.43 -311.27 608 0.00019 0.650 0.51
23 4347.68 74.01 -159.33 4347.68 170.42 -366.88 564 0.00048 0.650 0.43
24 4347.68 -74.02 -159.33 4347.68 -170.44 -366.87 564 0.00048 0.650 0.43
25 4268.19 74.01 -159.33 4268.19 173.90 -374.37 558 0.00053 0.650 0.43
26 4268.19 -74.02 -159.33 4268.19 -173.92 -374.36 558 0.00053 0.650 0.43
27 3760.87 73.85 -158.37 3760.87 193.68 -415.39 518 0.00084 0.650 0.38
28 3760.87 -74.18 -158.37 3760.87 -194.37 -414.96 519 0.00084 0.650 0.38
29 3681.37 73.85 -158.37 3681.37 196.23 -420.86 512 0.00089 0.650 0.38
30 3681.37 -74.18 -158.37 3681.37 -196.93 -420.43 513 0.00089 0.650 0.38
31 4865.39 31.67 -158.01 4865.39 68.88 -343.64 569 0.00004 0.650 0.46
32 4865.39 -31.36 -158.01 4865.39 -68.24 -343.89 569 0.00004 0.650 0.46
33 4337.30 31.51 -157.05 4337.30 82.62 -411.82 525 0.00036 0.650 0.38
34 4337.30 -31.52 -157.05 4337.30 -82.65 -411.80 525 0.00036 0.650 0.38
35 4278.57 31.51 -157.05 4278.57 83.95 -418.46 520 0.00040 0.650 0.38
36 4278.57 -31.52 -157.05 4278.57 -83.98 -418.45 520 0.00040 0.650 0.38
37 3750.49 31.34 -156.10 3750.49 94.45 -470.38 476 0.00075 0.650 0.33
38 3750.49 -31.68 -156.10 3750.49 -95.39 -469.97 476 0.00075 0.650 0.33
39 3691.75 31.34 -156.10 3691.75 95.51 -475.63 470 0.00079 0.650 0.33
40 3691.75 -31.68 -156.10 3691.75 -96.45 -475.20 471 0.00079 0.650 0.33
41 3030.85 151.96 -56.26 3030.85 479.93 -177.69 451 0.00131 0.650 0.32
42 2944.02 151.96 -56.26 2944.02 484.14 -179.25 444 0.00137 0.650 0.31
43 3030.85 151.96 46.54 3030.85 496.40 152.03 441 0.00130 0.650 0.31
44 2944.02 151.96 46.54 2944.02 500.80 153.37 435 0.00137 0.650 0.30
45 2444.03 151.79 -55.31 2444.03 505.87 -184.31 406 0.00176 0.650 0.30
46 2357.20 151.79 -55.31 2357.20 508.81 -185.38 400 0.00183 0.650 0.30
47 2444.03 151.79 47.49 2444.03 520.65 162.90 399 0.00177 0.650 0.29
48 2357.20 151.79 47.49 2357.20 523.89 163.92 393 0.00184 0.650 0.29
49 1857.21 151.63 -54.35 1857.21 538.86 -193.15 361 0.00234 0.671 0.28
50 1770.39 151.63 -54.35 1770.39 546.54 -195.90 354 0.00245 0.680 0.28
51 1857.21 151.63 48.45 1857.21 553.03 176.70 355 0.00236 0.672 0.27
52 1770.39 151.63 48.45 1770.39 561.09 179.28 348 0.00247 0.682 0.27
53 4851.34 151.28 -63.35 4851.34 318.22 -133.26 604 0.00017 0.650 0.48
54 4851.34 151.28 39.45 4851.34 338.39 88.24 579 0.00009 0.650 0.45
55 4351.35 151.12 -62.40 4351.35 375.63 -155.09 560 0.00046 0.650 0.40
56 4264.52 151.12 -62.40 4264.52 384.04 -158.57 553 0.00051 0.650 0.39
57 4351.35 151.12 40.40 4351.35 400.22 107.01 539 0.00039 0.650 0.38
58 3764.53 150.95 -61.44 3764.53 427.17 -173.86 512 0.00082 0.650 0.35
59 4264.52 151.12 40.40 4264.52 409.66 109.53 532 0.00045 0.650 0.37
60 3677.71 150.95 -61.44 3677.71 433.35 -176.38 505 0.00087 0.650 0.35
Demand/Capacity Ratio (DCR) Checking:
The resulting Demand/Capacity Ratio of the column based on the results generated from
spColumn is 0.53 < 1.00 therefore DCR is adequate.
359
Figure 3.176
Column C76 at Elevation View G
Table 3.110
Project ---
Column ---
Engineer ---
Code ACI 318-14
Bar Set prEN 10080
Units Metric
Run Axis Biaxial
Method
Table 3.111
Type Standard
f'c 28 MPa
Ec 24870.1 MPa
fc 23.8 MPa
εu 0.003 mm/mm
β1 0.846954
360
Table 3.112
Type Standard
fy 420 MPa
Es 200000 MPa
εyt 0.0021 mm/mm
Table 3.113
Type Rectangular
Width 650 mm
Depth 650 mm
Ag 422500 mm2
Ix 1.48755e+010 mm4
Iy 1.48755e+010 mm4
rx 187.639 mm
ry 187.639 mm
Xo 0 mm
Yo 0 mm
Figure 3.177
361
Figure 3.178
Table 3.114
Column-76
Depth
1 2,126.71 49.83 -911.66 2,126.71 63.28 -1,157.71 278 0.00385 0.800 0.79
2 2,126.71 49.83 -984.79 2,126.71 58.77 -1,161.47 276 0.00387 0.802 0.85
3 2,126.71 -44.45 -911.66 2,126.71 -56.72 -1,163.19 275 0.00388 0.803 0.78
4 2,126.71 -44.45 -984.79 2,126.71 -52.66 -1,166.58 273 0.00390 0.805 0.84
5 2,125.96 12.90 -911.72 2,125.96 16.92 -1,196.58 256 0.00408 0.821 0.76
6 2,125.96 12.90 -984.72 2,125.96 15.68 -1,197.62 255 0.00409 0.821 0.82
7 2,125.96 -7.52 -911.72 2,125.96 -9.92 -1,202.44 252 0.00412 0.824 0.76
8 2,125.96 -7.52 -984.72 2,125.96 -9.19 -1,203.05 252 0.00412 0.824 0.82
9 2,123.13 2.45 -972.98 2,123.13 3.04 -1,208.76 249 0.00416 0.827 0.80
10 2,105.52 128.86 -937.06 2,105.52 149.63 -1,088.12 318 0.00345 0.767 0.86
11 2,105.52 128.86 -959.39 2,105.52 146.51 -1,090.77 316 0.00347 0.768 0.88
12 2,105.52 -123.48 -937.06 2,105.52 -144.02 -1,092.88 315 0.00348 0.769 0.86
13 2,105.52 -123.48 -959.39 2,105.52 -141.00 -1,095.44 313 0.00350 0.770 0.88
14 2,104.03 -20.74 -289.12 2,104.03 -82.16 -1,145.52 285 0.00380 0.797 0.25
15 2,104.03 -20.74 -217.45 2,104.03 -107.22 -1,124.27 297 0.00367 0.786 0.19
16 2,104.03 24.76 -289.12 2,104.03 97.04 -1,132.90 292 0.00372 0.790 0.26
362
17 2,104.03 24.76 -217.45 2,104.03 126.20 -1,108.17 306 0.00358 0.777 0.20
18 2,103.96 1.78 -262.86 2,103.96 8.20 -1,208.24 250 0.00418 0.829 0.22
19 2,103.96 -2.84 -289.01 2,103.96 -11.84 -1,205.16 251 0.00416 0.828 0.24
20 2,103.96 -2.84 -217.56 2,103.96 -15.68 -1,201.90 253 0.00414 0.826 0.18
21 2,059.70 49.83 -984.79 2,059.70 59.32 -1,172.35 270 0.00402 0.816 0.84
22 2,059.70 -44.45 -984.79 2,059.70 -53.16 -1,177.72 267 0.00405 0.819 0.84
23 2,060.45 12.90 -984.79 2,060.45 15.85 -1,210.11 249 0.00425 0.836 0.81
24 2,060.45 -7.52 -984.79 2,060.45 -9.28 -1,215.83 246 0.00429 0.839 0.81
25 2,080.89 128.86 -959.39 2,080.89 146.87 -1,093.47 314 0.00351 0.772 0.88
26 2,080.89 -123.48 -959.39 2,080.89 -141.35 -1,098.21 311 0.00354 0.774 0.87
27 2,095.70 125.80 -948.44 2,095.70 145.00 -1,093.25 314 0.00349 0.770 0.87
28 2,095.70 -120.42 -948.44 2,095.70 -139.41 -1,098.02 312 0.00352 0.773 0.86
29 2,090.71 125.80 -948.44 2,090.71 145.08 -1,093.80 314 0.00350 0.771 0.87
30 2,090.71 -120.42 -948.44 2,090.71 -139.49 -1,098.59 311 0.00353 0.774 0.86
31 2,095.70 125.80 -948.01 2,095.70 145.06 -1,093.20 314 0.00349 0.770 0.87
32 2,095.70 -120.42 -948.01 2,095.70 -139.47 -1,097.97 312 0.00352 0.773 0.86
33 2,090.71 125.80 -948.01 2,090.71 145.14 -1,093.75 314 0.00350 0.771 0.87
34 2,090.71 -120.42 -948.01 2,090.71 -139.54 -1,098.54 311 0.00353 0.773 0.86
35 2,080.89 128.86 -937.06 2,080.89 150.00 -1,090.77 315 0.00350 0.770 0.86
36 2,080.89 -123.48 -937.06 2,080.89 -144.38 -1,095.61 313 0.00353 0.773 0.86
37 2,060.45 12.90 -911.72 2,060.45 17.10 -1,209.02 250 0.00425 0.835 0.75
38 2,060.45 -7.52 -911.72 2,060.45 -10.02 -1,215.18 247 0.00428 0.838 0.75
39 2,059.70 49.83 -911.66 2,059.70 63.86 -1,168.39 272 0.00400 0.814 0.78
40 2,059.70 -44.45 -911.66 2,059.70 -57.25 -1,174.15 269 0.00403 0.817 0.78
41 1,853.92 128.48 -847.71 1,853.92 166.92 -1,101.36 303 0.00384 0.800 0.77
42 1,829.28 128.48 -847.71 1,829.28 167.26 -1,103.58 301 0.00388 0.803 0.77
43 1,853.92 128.48 -825.38 1,853.92 170.89 -1,097.83 304 0.00382 0.799 0.75
44 1,829.28 128.48 -825.38 1,829.28 171.23 -1,100.02 302 0.00386 0.802 0.75
45 1,293.21 128.11 -579.71 1,293.21 238.75 -1,080.38 285 0.00456 0.862 0.54
46 1,268.58 128.11 -579.71 1,268.58 238.98 -1,081.43 283 0.00460 0.866 0.54
47 1,293.21 128.11 -557.38 1,293.21 246.58 -1,072.81 288 0.00451 0.858 0.52
48 1,268.58 128.11 -557.38 1,268.58 246.81 -1,073.81 286 0.00456 0.862 0.52
49 1,602.31 128.10 -736.03 1,602.31 191.94 -1,102.86 292 0.00418 0.829 0.67
50 1,577.68 128.10 -736.03 1,577.68 192.30 -1,104.91 290 0.00423 0.833 0.67
51 1,602.31 128.10 -713.70 1,602.31 197.08 -1,098.00 294 0.00416 0.827 0.65
52 1,577.68 128.10 -713.70 1,577.68 197.44 -1,100.01 292 0.00420 0.831 0.65
53 1,041.61 127.73 -468.03 1,041.61 282.44 -1,034.94 285 0.00474 0.878 0.45
54 1,016.97 127.73 -468.03 1,016.97 282.19 -1,034.04 283 0.00478 0.881 0.45
55 1,041.61 127.73 -445.70 1,041.61 294.00 -1,025.88 289 0.00468 0.872 0.43
56 1,016.97 127.73 -445.70 1,016.97 293.81 -1,025.23 288 0.00472 0.876 0.43
57 790.00 127.35 -356.35 790.00 351.43 -983.40 293 0.00478 0.881 0.36
58 765.37 127.35 -356.35 765.37 351.53 -983.68 291 0.00482 0.884 0.36
59 790.00 127.35 -334.02 790.00 368.35 -966.14 298 0.00471 0.875 0.35
60 765.37 127.35 -334.02 765.37 368.44 -966.39 297 0.00475 0.878 0.35
363
Figure 3.179
Column C136 at Elevation View L
Table 3.115
Project ---
Column ---
Engineer ---
Code ACI 318-14
Bar Set prEN 10080
Units Metric
Run Axis Biaxial
Method
Table 3.116
Type Standard
f'c 28 MPa
Ec 24870.1 MPa
fc 23.8 MPa
εu 0.003 mm/mm
β1 0.846954
364
Table 3.117
Type Standard
fy 420 MPa
Es 200000 MPa
εyt 0.0021 mm/mm
Table 3.118
Type Rectangular
Width 650 mm
Depth 650 mm
Ag 422500 mm2
Ix 1.48755e+010 mm4
Iy 1.48755e+010 mm4
rx 187.639 mm
ry 187.639 mm
Xo 0 mm
Yo 0 mm
Figure 3.180
365
Figure 3.181
Table 3.119
Column-136
Depth
1 2,126.74 50.37 982.92 2,126.74 59.49 1,160.86 276 0.00386 0.802 0.85
2 2,126.74 50.37 909.42 2,126.74 64.09 1,157.02 279 0.00384 0.800 0.79
3 2,126.74 -45.53 982.92 2,126.74 -53.98 1,165.46 274 0.00389 0.804 0.84
4 2,126.74 -45.53 909.42 2,126.74 -58.17 1,161.97 276 0.00387 0.803 0.78
5 2,126.03 13.22 982.67 2,126.03 16.11 1,197.25 255 0.00408 0.821 0.82
6 2,126.03 13.22 909.67 2,126.03 17.39 1,196.18 256 0.00408 0.820 0.76
7 2,126.03 -8.38 982.67 2,126.03 -10.25 1,202.15 253 0.00411 0.824 0.82
8 2,126.03 -8.38 909.67 2,126.03 -11.07 1,201.46 253 0.00411 0.823 0.76
9 2,123.22 2.21 971.06 2,123.22 2.75 1,208.98 249 0.00416 0.827 0.80
10 2,105.47 129.50 957.97 2,105.47 147.36 1,090.06 317 0.00346 0.768 0.88
11 2,105.47 129.50 934.38 2,105.47 150.68 1,087.24 318 0.00345 0.766 0.86
12 2,105.47 -124.65 957.97 2,105.47 -142.39 1,094.26 314 0.00349 0.770 0.88
13 2,105.47 -124.65 934.38 2,105.47 -145.62 1,091.53 316 0.00347 0.768 0.86
14 2,104.06 -20.89 217.26 2,104.06 -108.02 1,123.58 297 0.00367 0.785 0.19
15 2,104.06 -20.89 288.92 2,104.06 -82.78 1,144.99 285 0.00380 0.796 0.25
16 2,104.06 24.83 217.26 2,104.06 126.61 1,107.82 306 0.00357 0.777 0.20
366
17 2,104.06 24.83 288.92 2,104.06 97.34 1,132.64 292 0.00372 0.790 0.26
18 2,104.05 1.75 262.71 2,104.05 8.05 1,208.36 250 0.00418 0.829 0.22
19 2,103.35 -3.05 217.36 2,103.35 -16.83 1,201.05 254 0.00414 0.826 0.18
20 2,103.35 -3.05 288.81 2,103.35 -12.70 1,204.55 252 0.00416 0.828 0.24
21 2,081.39 -24.47 -480.38 2,081.39 -59.53 -1,168.53 272 0.00397 0.811 0.41
22 2,081.39 27.46 -480.38 2,081.39 66.45 -1,162.59 275 0.00393 0.808 0.41
23 2,014.44 -24.47 -480.38 2,014.44 -60.08 -1,179.28 267 0.00412 0.824 0.41
24 2,014.44 27.46 -480.38 2,014.44 67.04 -1,173.07 270 0.00409 0.821 0.41
25 2,080.68 -5.56 -480.15 2,080.68 -13.98 -1,207.85 250 0.00421 0.832 0.40
26 2,080.68 8.54 -480.15 2,080.68 21.37 -1,201.50 254 0.00417 0.829 0.40
27 2,015.15 -5.56 -480.15 2,015.15 -14.13 -1,220.20 245 0.00438 0.846 0.39
28 2,015.15 8.54 -480.15 2,015.15 21.58 -1,213.54 248 0.00434 0.843 0.40
29 2,060.11 -63.68 -455.50 2,060.11 -152.52 -1,091.06 315 0.00352 0.773 0.42
30 2,060.11 66.66 -455.50 2,060.11 158.87 -1,085.62 317 0.00350 0.770 0.42
31 2,035.72 -63.68 -455.50 2,035.72 -152.88 -1,093.61 312 0.00357 0.776 0.42
32 2,035.72 66.66 -455.50 2,035.72 159.23 -1,088.10 315 0.00354 0.774 0.42
33 2,084.89 1.26 -449.61 2,084.89 3.42 -1,216.11 246 0.00426 0.836 0.37
34 2,050.28 -61.56 -444.60 2,050.28 -151.37 -1,093.22 313 0.00355 0.775 0.41
35 2,050.28 64.54 -444.60 2,050.28 157.88 -1,087.58 316 0.00352 0.772 0.41
36 2,045.55 -61.56 -444.60 2,045.55 -151.44 -1,093.72 313 0.00355 0.775 0.41
37 2,045.55 64.54 -444.60 2,045.55 157.95 -1,088.06 316 0.00352 0.773 0.41
38 2,050.28 -61.56 -443.04 2,050.28 -151.84 -1,092.81 313 0.00354 0.774 0.41
39 2,050.28 64.54 -443.04 2,050.28 158.37 -1,087.16 316 0.00352 0.772 0.41
40 2,045.55 61.56 -443.04 2,045.55 151.91 -1,093.30 313 0.00355 0.775 0.41
41 2,081.08 129.50 934.38 2,081.08 151.05 1,089.85 316 0.00349 0.770 0.86
42 2,081.08 129.50 957.97 2,081.08 147.71 1,092.72 314 0.00351 0.771 0.88
43 1,853.86 129.16 822.98 1,853.86 172.12 1,096.75 305 0.00382 0.798 0.75
44 1,829.47 129.16 822.98 1,829.47 172.46 1,098.90 303 0.00386 0.802 0.75
45 1,853.86 129.16 846.57 1,853.86 167.90 1,100.50 303 0.00383 0.799 0.77
46 1,829.47 129.16 846.57 1,829.47 168.23 1,102.69 301 0.00388 0.803 0.77
47 1,602.25 128.82 711.58 1,602.25 198.52 1,096.64 295 0.00415 0.827 0.65
48 1,577.86 128.82 711.58 1,577.86 198.88 1,098.61 293 0.00420 0.831 0.65
49 1,602.25 128.82 735.17 1,602.25 193.06 1,101.81 292 0.00418 0.829 0.67
50 1,577.86 128.82 735.17 1,577.86 193.41 1,103.83 290 0.00422 0.833 0.67
51 1,293.11 128.82 555.32 1,293.11 248.44 1,071.01 289 0.00450 0.857 0.52
52 1,268.72 128.82 555.32 1,268.72 248.67 1,072.00 287 0.00455 0.861 0.52
53 1,293.11 128.82 578.91 1,293.11 240.11 1,079.07 286 0.00455 0.861 0.54
54 1,268.72 128.82 578.91 1,268.72 240.34 1,080.10 284 0.00459 0.865 0.54
55 1,041.50 128.47 443.92 1,041.50 296.36 1,024.03 290 0.00467 0.871 0.43
56 1,017.11 128.47 443.92 1,017.11 296.19 1,023.43 288 0.00471 0.875 0.43
57 1,041.50 128.47 467.51 1,041.50 284.06 1,033.67 286 0.00473 0.877 0.45
58 1,017.11 128.47 467.51 1,017.11 283.82 1,032.81 284 0.00477 0.880 0.45
59 789.89 128.13 332.53 789.89 371.17 963.26 299 0.00470 0.874 0.35
60 765.50 128.13 332.53 765.50 371.27 963.50 298 0.00474 0.877 0.35
367
3.8 STRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGN (ASD)
3.8.1 BEAMS
3.8.1a DESIGN FLOW CHART FOR STEEL BEAMS BY ALLOWABLE

DESIGN METHOD (ASD)
Figure 3.182
Design Flowchart for Steel Beam (ASD)
START
Extract all files from ETABS
Solve For Actual Load Strength (Pu &

Pa)
𝑷𝒖 = 1.2𝑃𝐷𝐿 + 1.6𝑃𝐿𝐿
𝑷𝒂 = 𝑃𝐷𝐿 + 𝑃𝐿𝐿
TRY A W-SHAPE STEEL SECTION

A Note: From AISC Table
Solve For Actual Load Strength (Pu & Pa)
𝒃𝒇 𝑬𝒔
• FLANGE: 𝝀 = ; 𝝀𝒓 = √
𝟐𝒕𝒇 𝑭𝒚
𝒉 𝑬𝒔
• WEB: 𝝀 = ; 𝝀𝒓 = 𝟓. 𝟕𝟎√
𝒕𝒘 𝑭𝒚
1
368
IF NO,
CONDITION 1: BEAM IS SLENDER.
𝜆 ≤ 𝜆𝑟 CHOOSE OTHER
IF YES, W-SHAPE SECTION
BEAM IS NON-
SLENDER. CHECK A
COMPACTNESS
𝒃𝒇 𝑬𝒔
• FLANGE: 𝝀 = ; 𝝀𝒑 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟖 √
𝒉 𝑬𝒔
• WEB: 𝝀 = ; 𝝀𝒑 = 𝟑. 𝟕𝟔√
𝒕𝒘 𝑭𝒚
IF YES,
CONDITION 2: IF NO,
SHAPE IS
𝜆 ≤ 𝜆𝑃 SHAPE IS NON-
COMPACT
COMPACT
IF YES, ∆𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 < ∆𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 IF NO,

BEAM IS SAFE BEAM IS UNSAFE
Solve for Nominal Flexural Strength (Mn)
𝑴𝒏 = 𝑴𝒑
Solve for Plastic Moment (Mp)
𝑴𝒑 = 𝐹𝑦𝑍𝑥
Note: For Compact, Mn=Mp

Design Strength Actual Strength
𝑀𝑛 𝑴𝒂 = 𝑀𝐷𝐿 + 𝑀𝐿𝐿
𝑴𝒂 =
1.67
B
369
𝑴𝒖𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍 < 𝑴𝒖 𝑴𝒂𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍 < 𝑴𝒖
IF YES IF NO IF YES IF NO
ADEQUATE INADEQUATE ADEQUATE INADEQUATE
END
370
Sample Computation:
Figure 3.183
Manual Computation for Beam-40 at Second Floor
STEEL BEAMS-ASD
BEAM 40
INPUT
Steel Shape W690X265
I. Geometric Properties
Unit Unit
Area 33900 sq. mm Zx 9340 x 10^3 mm^3
d 706 mm Zy 2000 x 10^3 mm^4
tw 18.4 mm J 8370.00 x 10^6 mm^4
bf 358 mm Cw 26400.00
tf 30.2 mm Wno 60500.00
k 50.3 mm Sw 164.00
k1 30.2 mm Qf 1740.00
lx 2920 x 10^6 mm^4 Qw 4620.00
Sx 8280 x 10^3 mm^3 Beam Wf 265 kg/m
rx 295 mm Kx 1
ly 231.00 x 10^6 mm^4 Ky 1
Sy 1290 x 10^3 mm^3 Cb 1
ry 82.6 mm
Design Details From ETABS Material Properties
Moment Capacity Major (Mr) 1764.4174 kN-m Steel Yield Strength (fy) 345 Mpa
Demand Capacity Ratio (DCR) 0.915 Modulus of Elasticity (Es) 200000 MPa
Steel Shape W27X178 S.I Units Member Length (L) 10000 mm
Ω 1.67
∅ 0.9
CHECK FOR LOCAL INSTABLITY

a. Flange b. Web
𝒉 = 𝒅 − 𝟐𝒌
λ 5.92715232 h 605.40000000
λ 32.90217391
𝝀𝒑 9.14932483
𝝀𝒑 90.53016152
𝝀𝒓 24.07717062
𝝀𝒓 137.23987252
NOTE:
∴ The Flange Compact ∴ The Web Compact
𝜆 ≤ 𝜆𝑃 Compact
𝜆𝑃 < Non Compact
𝜆 > 𝜆𝑟 Slender
CHECKING FOR OVERALL INSTABILITY
For Lr
rts 0.546120914 𝑳𝒃 = 𝑴𝒆𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝑳𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 Lb 10000
1.95 rts 1.064935782 Lp 3500.242756

E / (0.7*Fy) 828.1573499 = Lr 1525.421085
Jc / Sxho 1.495811727
6.76*((0.7*Fy)/E)^2 9.85646E-06
=
371
b. Checking for LTB
If Lb ≤ Lp, there is no LTB If Lp < Lb≤ Lr, there is Inelastic LTB
𝑳𝒃 −𝑳𝒑
𝑴𝒏 = 𝑴𝒑 𝑴𝒏 = 𝑪𝒃 𝑴𝒑 − 𝑴𝒑 − 𝟎. 𝟕𝑭𝒚𝑺𝒙 ≤ 𝑴𝒑 Lb ≤ Lp ❌
𝑳𝒓 −𝑳𝒑
Lp < Lb ≤ Lr ❌
Lb > Lr ✓
THEREFORE Elastic LTB
If Lb > Lr, there is Elastic LTB
𝑴𝒏 = 𝑭𝒄𝒓 𝑺𝒙 ≤ 𝑴𝒑 =
CHECKING FOR PLASTIC MOMENT
𝑴𝑷 = 𝑭𝒚𝒁𝒙 Mp 3222.3
CALCULATION FOR NOMINAL FLEXURAL STRENGTH

If Lb ≤ Lp, there is no LTB
Mn NA If Lp ≤ Lb < Lr, there is Inelastic LTB
If Lb > Lr, there is Elastic LTB Mn NA
Mn 9641.402309 𝐶𝑏 2 𝐸 1973920.88
Mn TO BE USED 3222.3 (Lb/rts)^2 335291.3762
Fcr 1164.420569
FOR ASD CALCULATION FOR DEMAND CAPACITY RATIO
𝑴𝒏
𝑴𝒂 =
DCR 0.914432877
Ma 1929.520958 Remarks Safe
COMPUTER GENERTAED-ETABS
DCR 0.915
372
Figure 3.184
STEEL BEAMS-ASD
BEAM 367
INPUT
Unit Unit
Area 92300 sq. mm Zx 34900 x 10^3 mm^3
d 998 mm Zy 6750 x 10^3 mm^4
tw 38.1 mm J 107000.00 x 10^6 mm^4
bf 434 mm Cw 202000.00
tf 68.1 mm Wno 101000.00
k 92.2 mm Sw 749.00
k1 47.6 mm Qf 6280.00
lx 15000 x 10^6 mm^4 Qw 17400.00
Sx 30000 x 10^3 mm^3 Beam Wf 725 kg/m
rx 401 mm Kx 1
ly 937.00 x 10^6 mm^4 Ky 1
Sy 4310 x 10^3 mm^3 Cb 1
ry 101 mm
Ω 1.67
∅ 0.9

a. Flange b. Web
𝒉 = 𝒅 − 𝟐𝒌
λ 3.18649046 h 813.60000000
λ 21.35433071
𝝀𝒑 9.14932483
𝝀𝒑 90.53016152
𝝀𝒓 24.07717062
𝝀𝒓 137.23987252
NOTE:
For Lr
1.95 rts 1.320525293 Lp 4279.957849

E / (0.7*Fy) 828.1573499 = Lr 3028.919423
Jc / Sxho 3.835537871
6.76*((0.7*Fy)/E)^2 9.85646E-06
=
373
b. Checking for LTB
Lp < Lb ≤ Lr ❌
Lb > Lr ✓

Mn 69362.8415 𝐶𝑏 2 𝐸 1973920.88
Fcr 2312.094717
𝑴𝒏
𝑴𝒂 =
DCR 0.912807437
DCR 0.913
374
Figure 3.185
STEEL BEAMS-ASD
BEAM 108
INPUT
Unit Unit
Area 19400 sq. mm Zx 5000 x 10^3 mm^3
d 688 mm Zy 711 x 10^3 mm^4
tw 13.1 mm J 2200.00 x 10^6 mm^4
bf 254 mm Cw 6440.00
tf 21.1 mm Wno 42400.00
k 36.3 mm Sw 56.60
k1 27 mm Qf 847.00
lx 1510 x 10^6 mm^4 Qw 2470.00
Sx 4380 x 10^3 mm^3 Beam Wf 152 kg/m
rx 279 mm Kx 1
ly 57.90 x 10^6 mm^4 Ky 1
Sy 456 x 10^3 mm^3 Cb 1
ry 54.6 mm
Ω 1.67
∅ 0.9

a. Flange b. Web
𝒉 = 𝒅 − 𝟐𝒌
λ 6.01895735 h 615.40000000
λ 46.97709924
𝝀𝒑 9.14932483
𝝀𝒑 90.53016152
𝝀𝒓 24.07717062
𝝀𝒓 137.23987252
NOTE:
For Lr
1.95 rts 0.728096031 Lp 2313.719788

E / (0.7*Fy) 828.1573499 = Lr 740.0489534
Jc / Sxho 0.753161051
6.76*((0.7*Fy)/E)^2 9.85646E-06
=
375
b. Checking for LTB
Lp < Lb ≤ Lr ❌
Lb > Lr ✓
𝑴𝑷 = 𝑭𝒚𝒁𝒙 Mp 1725

Mn 2474.310995 𝐶𝑏 2 𝐸 1973920.88
Mn TO BE USED 1725 (Lb/rts)^2 717285.2413
Fcr 564.9111861
𝑴𝒏
𝑴𝒂 =
DCR 0.683573791
DCR 0.77
376
Table of Summary
Table 3.120
Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Beams in Second Floor (ASD)
Second Floor
Designing
Beam Steel Section Load Combination Mrx DCR-Etabs Ma DCR Remarks
G1 W27X114 ASD142E 764.4596 0.659 1,161.017964 0.65843908 Safe
G2 W21X364 ASD142E 1,150.2794 0.779 1,477.86018 0.778341156 Safe
G3 W27X194 ASD142E 1,302.7396 0.61 2,127.844311 0.612234454 Safe
G4 W27X161 ASD142E 1,122.9561 0.645 1,743.592814 0.644047217 Safe
G5 W27X146 ASD142E 1,190.3861 0.841 1,570.05988 0.75817879 Safe
G6 W27X178 ASD142E 1,764.4174 0.915 1,929.520958 0.914432877 Safe
G7 W27X146 ASD142E 1,187.6048 0.757 1,570.05988 0.756407329 Safe
G8 W27X84 ASD144E 497.8445 0.798 826.3473054 0.602463996 Safe
G9 W27X94 ASD144E 614.2461 0.85 942.0359281 0.652041055 Safe
G10 W27X102 ASD144E 700.1371 0.838 1032.934132 0.677813888 Safe
G11 W24X94 ASD144E 531.6891 0.747 859.4011976 0.618673911 Safe
G12 W27X102 ASD144E 595.9849 0.741 1032.934132 0.576982483 Safe
G13 W24X94 ASD144E 632.0568 0.855 859.4011976 0.735461856 Safe
G14 W24X94 ASD144E 611.6661 0.826 859.4011976 0.711735219 Safe
G15 W24X84 ASD146E 481.1126 0.768 758.1736527 0.634567817 Safe
G16 W14X34 ASD144E 4.599 0.034 184.8952096 0.023682536 Safe
Table 3.121
Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Intermediate Beams in Second Floor (ASD)
Designing
B1 W27X129 ASD144E 552.0361 0.91 1336.616766 0.413010007 Safe
B2 W27X129 ASD144E 552.0361 0.91 1336.616766 0.413010007 Safe
B3 W27X129 ASD144E 552.0385 0.91 1336.616766 0.413011803 Safe
B4 W27X129 ASD144E 552.0361 0.91 1336.616766 0.413010007 Safe
B5 W27X129 ASD144E 452.036 0.745 1336.616766 0.338194172 Safe
B6 W36X487 ASD142E 6581.2519 0.913 7209.88024 0.912810155 Safe
377
Table 3.122
Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Beams in Third Floor (ASD)
Third Floor
Designing
G1 W24X94 ASD142E 598.2079 0.696 859.4011976 0.696075246 Safe
G2 W27X129 ASD142E 1189.242 0.89 1336.616766 0.889740448 Safe
G3 W21X364 ASD142E 1314.639 0.89 1477.86018 0.889555736 Safe
G4 W21X364 ASD142E 1143.3987 0.774 1477.86018 0.773685302 Safe
G5 W27X146 ASD142E 1180.1593 0.752 1570.05988 0.751665153 Safe
G6 W24X335 ASD142E 2025.7508 0.587 3450 0.587174145 Safe
G7 W21X364 ASD142E 1247.677 0.845 1477.86018 0.844245631 Safe
G8 W24X84 ASD144E 476.6782 0.833 758.1736527 0.628719025 Safe
G9 W24X84 ASD144E 539.4845 0.884 758.1736527 0.711557963 Safe
G10 W27X94 ASD144E 646.7178 0.905 942.0359281 0.686510759 Safe
G11 W24X94 ASD144E 566.8453 0.791 859.4011976 0.659581697 Safe
G12 W24X94 ASD144E 544.9666 0.823 859.4011976 0.634123622 Safe
G13 W24X94 ASD144E 650.8902 0.887 859.4011976 0.757376417 Safe
G14 W24X94 ASD144E 595.2018 0.79 859.4011976 0.692577345 Safe
G15 W24X76 ASD144E 449.864 0.845 677.6047904 0.663903217 Safe
G16 W14X30 ASD146E 4.118 0.103 160.1047904 0.027614999 Safe
Table 3.123
Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Intermediate Beams in Third Floor (ASD)
Designing
B1 W27X129 ASD144E 552.0361 0.91 1336.616766 0.413010007 Safe
B2 W27X129 ASD144E 431.2027 0.711 1336.616766 0.32260758 Safe
B3 W27X129 ASD144E 552.0385 0.91 1336.616766 0.413011803 Safe
B4 W21X364 ASD144E 590.1817 0.4 1477.86018 0.399348807 Safe
B5 W27X129 ASD144E 552.0361 0.91 1336.616766 0.413010007 Safe
B6 W36X652 ASD142E 7087.2968 0.72 9854.191617 0.719216459 Safe
378
Table 3.124
Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Beams in Fourth Floor (ASD)
Fourth Floor
Designing
G1 W24X94 ASD142E 685.9938 0.798 859.4011976 0.798222997 Safe
G2 W21X364 ASD142E 633.6773 0.429 1,477.86018 0.428780279 Safe
G3 W24X335 ASD142E 1,192.286 0.346 3450 0.345590145 Safe
G4 W27X129 ASD142E 899.6657 0.673 1,336.616766 0.673091736 Safe
G5 W24X335 ASD142E 1,472.6679 0.427 3,450 0.426860261 Safe
G6 W27X194 ASD142E 1,372.8346 0.643 2,127.844311 0.645176244 Safe
G7 W21X364 ASD142E 954.1298 0.646 1,477.86018 0.645615744 Safe
G8 W18X76 ASD144E 349.0448 0.879 551.5868263 0.63280119 Safe
G9 W24X76 ASD144E 423.8256 0.858 677.6047904 0.625476098 Safe
G10 W14X109 ASD144E 484.7908 0.746 650.748503 0.74497413 Safe
G11 W24X76 ASD144E 383.1009 0.81 677.6047904 0.565375135 Safe
G12 W24X76 ASD128E 202.2618 0.817 677.6047904 0.298495233 Safe
G13 W24X84 ASD144E 480.1437 0.805 758.1736527 0.633289878 Safe
G14 W24X84 ASD144E 498.5804 0.829 758.1736527 0.65760713 Safe
G15 W18X55 ASD144E 188.0611 0.802 380.1197605 0.494741709 Safe
G16 W14X26 ASD146E 3.5812 0.150 136.1407186 0.036667131 Safe
Table 3.125
Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Intermediate Beams in Fourth Floor (ASD)
Designing
B1 W14X120 ASD144E 436.1738 0.659 716.8562874 0.608453616 Safe
B2 W14X132 ASD144E 438.7809 0.589 791.2275449 0.55455716 Safe
B3 W14X132 ASD144E 438.7809 0.589 791.2275449 0.55455716 Safe
B4 W14X132 ASD144E 438.7809 0.589 791.2275449 0.55455716 Safe
B5 W14X120 ASD144E 436.1738 0.659 716.8562874 0.608453616 Safe
B6 W36X487 ASD144E 5468.0558 0.759 7209.88024 0.75841146 Safe
379
Table 3.126
Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Beams in Roof Deck (ASD)
Roof Deck
Designing
G1 W24X84 ASD142E 516.6402 0.682 758.1736527 0.681427267 Safe
G2 W21X364 ASD142E 487.4821 0.33 1.477.86018 0.329856712 Safe
G3 W24X335 ASD142E 1,057.7353 0.307 3,450 0.306589942 Safe
G4 W24X370 ASD142E 1,354.8635 0.354 3,821.856287 0.354504042 Safe
G5 W24X370 ASD142E 1,394.485 0.365 3,821.856287 0.364871124 Safe
G6 W24X335 ASD142E 689.9963 0.2 3,450 0.199998928 Safe
G7 W24X94 ASD142E 583.892 0.753 859.4011976 0.679417252 Safe
G8 W24X84 ASD144E 437.3142 0.697 758.1736527 0.576799521 Safe
G9 W24X94 ASD144E 343.5671 0.468 859.4011976 0.399774984 Safe
G10 W24X76 ASD144E 211.7979 0.702 677.6047904 0.312568481 Safe
G11 W27X102 ASD128E 351.0117 0.768 1032.934132 0.339820023 Safe
G12 W21X68 ASD144E 213.6743 0.648 541.257485 0.394773848 Safe
G13 W18X60 ASD128E 114.9573 0.72 417.3053892 0.275475235 Safe
G14 W21X55 ASD144E 183.0425 0.867 425.5688623 0.43011253 Safe
G15 W16X36 ASD128E 54.5876 0.887 216.9161677 0.25165298 Safe
G16 W12X22 ASD146E 3.1269 0.21 99.16167665 0.031533351 Safe
Table 3.127
Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Intermediate Beams in Roof Deck (ASD)
Designing
B1 W14X82 ASD144E 306.9231 0.923 471.0179641 0.651616548 Safe
B2 W14X109 ASD144E 312.8822 0.534 650.748503 0.480803565 Safe
B3 W27X178 ASD144E 1061.4863 0.719 1929.520958 0.550129448 Safe
B4 W14X120 ASD144E 315.3404 0.476 716.8562874 0.43989347 Safe
B5 W14X109 ASD144E 312.8822 0.534 650.748503 0.480803565 Safe
B6 W14X120 ASD144E 315.3404 0.476 716.8562874 0.43989347 Safe
Table 3.128
Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Beams in Roof (ASD)
Roof
Designing
G1 W14X82 ASD144E 306.9231 0.923 471.0179641 0.651616548 Safe
380
3.8.2 COLUMNS
3.8.2a DESIGN FLOW CHART FOR COLUMNS BEAMS BY
ALLOWABLE DESIGN METHOD (ASD)
Figure 3.186
Design Flowchart for Steel Column (ASD)
START
Solve For Actual Load Strength (Pu)
𝑷𝒖 = 𝐷𝐿 + 𝐿𝐿

Note: From AISC Table
𝑲𝑳
Solve For Slenderness Ratio ( 𝒓 )
𝑪𝑯𝑬𝑪𝑲 𝑰𝑭:
𝑲𝑳 𝑬
< 𝟒. 𝟕𝟏√
𝒓 𝑭𝒚
IF YES, IF NO,
INELASTIC ELASTIC
Solve For Elastic Buckling (Fe)

𝜋2 𝐸
𝑭𝒆 = 𝑘𝐿 2
( )
1
381
𝑲𝑳 𝑬 𝑭𝒚
≤ 𝟒. 𝟕𝟏 √𝑭𝒀 or 𝑭𝒆 ≤ 𝟐. 𝟐𝟓
𝒓
IF YES, INELASTIC IF NO, ELASTIC

𝐹𝑦
𝑭𝒄𝒓 = (0.658 )Fy 𝑭𝒄𝒓 = 0.877Fe
𝐹𝑒
Member Stability
𝒃𝒇 𝑬𝒔
• FLANGE: 𝝀 = ; 𝝀𝒓 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟔√
𝒉 𝑬𝒔
• WEB: 𝝀 = ; 𝝀𝒓 = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟗√
𝒕𝒘 𝑭𝒚
𝝀 ≤ 𝝀𝒓
IF YES IF NO
SHAPE IS NON-SLENDER SHAPE IS SLENDER
Solve For Nominal Strength (Pn)
𝑷𝒏 = 𝐹𝑐𝑟𝐴𝑔
2
382
Solve For Design Compressive Strength (Pu)

𝑃𝑛
𝑷𝒖 =
Ω
Where:
Ω = 1.67
𝑷𝒂𝑫𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏 𝑷𝒂𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍
IF YES IF NO
SECTION IS ADEQUATE SECTION IS
INADEQUATE
END
383
Figure 3.187
Manual Computation for Column-18 at Second Floor
STEEL COLUMN-ASD
COLUMN C18
INPUT
Unit Unit
Area 124000 sq. mm Zx 47700 x 10^3 mm^3
d 1040 mm Zy 9520 x 10^3 mm^4
tw 50 mm J 247000.00 x 10^6 mm^4
bf 447 mm Cw 303000.00
tf 89.9 mm Wno 106000.00
k 114 mm Sw 1070.00
k1 55.6 mm Qf 8490.00
lx 21100 x 10^6 mm^4 Qw 23800.00
Sx 40300 x 10^3 mm^3 Beam Wf 970 kg/m
rx 411 mm Kx 1
ly 1340.00 x 10^6 mm^4 Ky 1
Sy 6010 x 10^3 mm^3
ry 104 mm
DESIGN DETAILS FROM ETABS STEEL PROPERTIES
Axial Force (Pn) 11127.7009 kN Fy 345 Mpa
Axial Capacity (Pn/ Ω) 21152.078 kN Length 6000 mm
Actual Moment (Major) 3568.7755 kN-m Modulus Elasticity 200000 MPa
Actual Moment (Minor) 177.3724 kN-m
Moment Capacity (Major) 9843.8888 kN-m
Moment Capacity (Minor) 1965.395 kN-m
DCR 0.929
Steel Shape W36X652 S.I units
CALCULATION OF AXIAL CAPACITY
Slenderness Ratio: Type of Buckling
at x-direction
𝐾𝑥𝐿
= 14.59854015
𝑟𝑥 𝐾𝐿 𝐸
≤ 4.71
𝑟 𝐹𝑦
at y-direction
𝐾𝑦𝐿 57.69230769 < 113.4034736

=
𝑟𝑦 57.69230769
use the larger slenderness ratio Therefore the type of buckling is

Ineslastic Buckling
𝐾𝐿
= 57.69230769
𝑟
CALCULATION FOR AXIAL AND ACTUAL CAPACITY CALCULATION FOR DESIGN STRENGTH - ASD
2
𝐸 𝐹𝑦
𝐹𝑒 = 𝐹𝑐𝑟 = (0.658 𝐹𝑒 )𝐹𝑦 𝑃𝑛 = 𝐹𝑐𝑟𝐴𝑔 𝑃𝑛
𝐾𝐿 𝑃𝑎 =
( 𝑟 )2 where: Ω = 1.67
Pa = 20080.75112
Fe = 593.0535622
Fcr = 270.442374 Checking for Adequacy
Pn = 33534.85437 Design Strength Actual Strength
20080.75112 > 11127.7009
ADEQUATE
384
CHECK COMPACTNESS
FOR WEB: FOR FLANGE:
ℎ = 𝑑 − 2𝑘 h= 812 𝑏𝑓 λ= 2.486095662
𝜆=
λ= 16.24 2𝑡𝑓 𝜆𝑟 = 9.149324835
ℎ
𝜆= 𝜆𝑟 = 90.53016152 𝜆𝑝 = 24.07717062
𝑡𝑤
𝜆𝑝 = 137.2398725 𝐸𝑠
𝜆𝑝 = 𝜆 ≤ 𝜆𝑝 Shape is Compact
𝐹𝑦
𝐸𝑠
𝜆𝑟 = 3.76 𝜆 ≤ 𝜆𝑝 Shape is Compact 𝜆𝑝 < 𝜆 ≤ 𝜆𝑟 Non-Compact
𝐹𝑦 𝜆𝑝 < 𝜆 ≤ 𝜆𝑟 Non-Compact 𝜆 > 𝜆𝑟 Slender
𝜆 > 𝜆𝑟 Slender 𝐸𝑠
𝜆𝑟 = 0.38
𝐸𝑠 𝐹𝑦
𝜆𝑝 = 5.70 Therefore the web is Compact! Therefore the flange is Compact!
𝐹𝑦
𝑓 𝐿𝑏 ≤ 𝐿𝑝, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜 𝐿𝑇 . 𝑓 𝐿𝑝 < 𝐿𝑏 ≤ 𝐿𝑟, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝐿𝑇 . rts = 0.707105693

1.95*rts = 1.378856101
𝐿𝑏 − 𝐿𝑟
𝑀𝑝 = 𝐹𝑦𝑍𝑥 𝑀𝑛 = 𝐶𝑏 (𝑀𝑝 − 𝑀𝑝 − 0.7𝐹𝑦𝑆𝑥 )( ) E/(0.7Fy) = 828.1573499
𝐿𝑟 − 𝐿𝑝
Jc/Sxho = 6.450933858
6.76*(0.7Fy/E)^2 = 6.66297E-05
If Lb > Lr, there is LTB Check:
Lr = 4101.646092
𝑀𝑝 = 𝐹𝑐𝑟 𝑍𝑥 ≤ 𝑀𝑝
𝐶𝑏 2 𝐸 0.7𝐹𝑦 2 Lb= 6000
𝑐
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 1 + 0.078( )( ) Lp = 4407.08531
𝐸 𝐿𝑏 2 𝑆 ℎ 𝑔 𝐸
𝐿𝑝 = 1.76𝑟𝑦 (𝑟𝑡𝑠 )
𝐹𝑦
𝐿𝑏 ≤ 𝐿𝑝 THERE IS NO LTB
𝐿𝑝 < 𝐿𝑏 ≤ 𝐿𝑟 THERE IS INELASTIC LTB
𝐿𝑏 > 𝐿𝑟 THERE IS LTB
Therefore YES LTB
CHECK FOR PLASTIC MOMENT: NOMINAL FLEXURAL STRENGTH

𝑓 𝐿𝑏 ≤ 𝐿𝑝, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜 𝐿𝑇 . 𝑓 𝐿𝑝 < 𝐿𝑏 ≤ 𝐿𝑟, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝐿𝑇 .
𝑀𝑝 = 𝐹𝑦𝑍𝑥
Mn = N/A Mn = N/A
Mp = 16456.5
If Lb > Lr, there is LTB
FOR ASD 𝐶𝑏 2 𝐸 = 1973920.88
𝑀𝑛 (Lb/rts)^2 = 72000221.66
𝑀𝑢𝑚𝑎 = Fcr = 165.014241
Pick smaller in Mp and Mu
Mp = 16456.5 Mn = 7871179.296
Mu = 9854.191617
CALCULATION FOR DEMAND CAPACITY RATIO

Equation 1
𝑃𝑎 𝑃𝑎 8 𝑀𝑢 𝑀𝑢𝑦
𝐹𝑜𝑟 ≥ 0.2 𝑈𝑆𝐸 + + ≤ 1.0 Pa = 11127.7009
𝑃𝑛 𝑃𝑛 9 𝑀𝑢 𝑀𝑢𝑦
Pn/Ω = 20080.75112
Equation 2 Mux = 3568.7755
𝑃𝑎 𝑃𝑎 𝑀𝑢 𝑀𝑢𝑦 Mux/Ω = 9854.191617
𝐹𝑜𝑟 < 0.2 𝑈𝑆𝐸 + + ≤ 1.0
𝑃𝑛 𝑃𝑛 𝑀𝑢 𝑀𝑢𝑦 Muy = 177.3724
2
Muy/Ω = 1965.395
Use EQ.1 DCR = 0.956286158 SAFE
COMPUTER GENERATED-DCR
DCR = 0.929
385
Figure 3.188
STEEL COLUMN-ASD
COLUMN C88
INPUT
Unit Unit
Area 124000 sq. mm Zx 47700 x 10^3 mm^3
d 1040 mm Zy 9520 x 10^3 mm^4
tw 50 mm J 247000.00 x 10^6 mm^4
bf 447 mm Cw 303000.00
tf 89.9 mm Wno 106000.00
k 114 mm Sw 1070.00
k1 55.6 mm Qf 8490.00
lx 21100 x 10^6 mm^4 Qw 23800.00
Sx 40300 x 10^3 mm^3 Beam Wf 970 kg/m
rx 411 mm Kx 1
ly 1340.00 x 10^6 mm^4 Ky 1
Sy 6010 x 10^3 mm^3
ry 104 mm
Actual Moment (Major) 0 kN-m Modulus Elasticity 200000 MPa
Actual Moment (Minor) 0 kN-m
DCR 0.913
at x-direction
𝐾𝑥𝐿
= 14.59854015
≤ 4.71
𝑟 𝐹𝑦
at y-direction
𝐾𝑦𝐿 57.69230769 < 113.4034736

=
𝑟𝑦 57.69230769

Ineslastic Buckling
𝐾𝐿
= 57.69230769
𝑟
2𝐸
𝐹𝑦
𝐾𝐿 2 𝑃𝑎 =
( ) where: Ω = 1.67
𝑟
Pa = 20080.75112
Fe = 593.0535622
20080.75112 > 19322.0002
ADEQUATE
386
CHECK COMPACTNESS
ℎ = 𝑑 − 2𝑘 h= 812 𝑏𝑓 λ= 2.486095662
𝜆=
λ= 16.24 2𝑡𝑓 𝜆𝑟 = 9.149324835
ℎ
𝜆= 𝜆𝑟 = 90.53016152 𝜆𝑝 = 24.07717062
𝑡𝑤
𝜆𝑝 = 137.2398725 𝐸𝑠
𝐹𝑦
𝐸𝑠
𝜆𝑟 = 0.38
𝐸𝑠 𝐹𝑦
𝐹𝑦

1.95*rts = 1.378856101
Jc/Sxho = 6.450933858
6.76*(0.7Fy/E)^2 = 6.66297E-05
Lr = 4101.646092
𝐶𝑏 2𝐸 0.7𝐹𝑦 2 Lb= 6000
𝑐
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 1 + 0.078( )( ) Lp = 4407.08531
𝐸 𝐿𝑏 2 𝑆 ℎ𝑔 𝐸
𝐿𝑝 = 1.76𝑟𝑦 (𝑟𝑡𝑠 )
𝐹𝑦
Therefore YES LTB

Mn = N/A Mn = N/A
Mp = 16456.5
FOR ASD 𝐶𝑏 2 𝐸 = 1973920.88
𝑀𝑛 (Lb/rts)^2 = 72000221.66
𝑀𝑢𝑚𝑎 = Fcr = 165.014241
Mp = 16456.5 Mn = 7871179.296
Mu = 9854.191617

Equation 1
𝐹𝑜𝑟 ≥ 0.2 𝑈𝑆𝐸 + + ≤ 1.0 Pa = 19322.0002
Pn/Ω = 20080.75112
Equation 2 Mux = 0
𝐹𝑜𝑟 < 0.2 𝑈𝑆𝐸 + + ≤ 1.0
𝑃𝑛 𝑃𝑛 𝑀𝑢 𝑀𝑢𝑦 Muy = 0
2
Muy/Ω = 1965.395
Use EQ.1 DCR = 0.962215013 SAFE
DCR = 0.913
387
Figure 3.189
STEEL COLUMN-ASD
COLUMN C48
INPUT
Unit Unit
Area 73500 sq. mm Zx 25600 x 10^3 mm^3
d 914 mm Zy 5110 x 10^3 mm^4
tw 32 mm J 61600.00 x 10^6 mm^4
bf 411 mm Cw 123000.00
tf 57.9 mm Wno 88400.00
k 78 mm Sw 524.00
k1 36.5 mm Qf 4700.00
lx 10100 x 10^6 mm^4 Qw 12700.00
Sx 22100 x 10^3 mm^3 Beam Wf 576 kg/m
rx 371 mm Kx 1
ly 674.00 x 10^6 mm^4 Ky 1
Sy 3280 x 10^3 mm^3
ry 95.8 mm
Actual Moment (Major) 0 kN-m Modulus Elasticity 200000 MPa
Actual Moment (Minor) 0 kN-m
DCR 0.92
Steel Shape W33X387 S.I Units
at x-direction
𝐾𝑥𝐿
= 16.17250674
≤ 4.71
𝑟 𝐹𝑦
at y-direction
𝐾𝑦𝐿 62.63048017 < 113.4034736

=
𝑟𝑦 62.63048017

Ineslastic Buckling
𝐾𝐿
= 62.63048017
𝑟
2𝐸
𝐹𝑦
𝐾𝐿 𝑃𝑎 =
( 𝑟 )2 where: Ω = 1.67
Pa = 11396.42134
Fe = 503.220423
11396.42134 > 10830.8996
ADEQUATE
388
CHECK COMPACTNESS
ℎ = 𝑑 − 2𝑘 h= 758 𝑏𝑓 λ= 3.549222798
𝜆=
λ= 23.6875 2𝑡𝑓 𝜆𝑟 = 9.149324835
ℎ
𝜆= 𝜆𝑟 = 90.53016152 𝜆𝑝 = 24.07717062
𝑡𝑤
𝜆𝑝 = 137.2398725 𝐸𝑠
𝐹𝑦
𝐸𝑠
𝜆𝑟 = 0.38
𝐸𝑠 𝐹𝑦
𝐹𝑦

1.95*rts = 1.251640843
Jc/Sxho = 3.25584665
6.76*(0.7Fy/E)^2 = 6.66297E-05
Lr = 2645.086609
𝐶𝑏 2 𝐸 0.7𝐹𝑦 2 Lb= 6000
𝑐
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 1 + 0.078( )( ) Lp = 4059.603583
𝐿𝑝 = 1.76𝑟𝑦 (𝑟𝑡𝑠 )
𝐹𝑦
Therefore YES LTB

Mn = N/A Mn = N/A
Mp = 8832
FOR ASD 𝐶𝑏 2 𝐸 = 1973920.88
𝑀𝑛 (Lb/rts)^2 = 87380046.29
𝑀𝑢𝑚𝑎 = Fcr = 106.4150094
Mp = 8832 Mn = 2724224.24
Mu = 5288.622754

Equation 1
𝐹𝑜𝑟 ≥ 0.2 𝑈𝑆𝐸 + + ≤ 1.0 Pa = 10830.8996
Pn/Ω = 11396.42134
Equation 2 Mux = 0
𝐹𝑜𝑟 < 0.2 𝑈𝑆𝐸 + + ≤ 1.0
𝑃𝑛 𝑃𝑛 𝑀𝑢 𝑀𝑢𝑦 Muy = 0
2
Muy/Ω = 1055.4273
Use EQ.1 DCR = 0.950377252 SAFE
DCR = 0.92
389
Table of Summary
Table 3.129
Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Column in Second Floor (ASD)
Structural Steel Design-ASDColumn
Column Floor Steel Extracted From Etabs Pn Pn/Ω Dcr Remarks

Section Pn Pn/Ω DCR
C1 Second W36X652 1,1127.7009 21152.078 0.929 1,1127.7009 20080.75112 0.956 Safe
Floor
C2 Second W36X652 11,587.6603 21182.7721 0.878 11,587.6603 20080.75112 0.908 Safe
Floor
C3 Second W33X263 3,753.2951 8125.166 0.799 3,753.2951 7602.64393 0.832 Safe
Floor
C4 Second W36X441 4,991.5094 14069.313 0.703 4,991.5094 13291.40788 0.724 Safe
Floor
C5 Second W33X221 2,986.2682 6793.9531 0.807 2,986.2682 6336.869258 0.839 Safe
Floor
C6 Second W33X241 3,262.4804 7430.0331 0.766 3,262.4804 6942.120991 0.797 Safe
Floor
C7 Second W33X387 9,677.714 11773.2963 0.822 9,677.714 11396.42134 0.849 Safe
Floor
C8 Second W27X146 678.0053 4214.6774 0.521 678.0053 3869.61993 0.528 Safe
Floor
C9 Second W30X191 1,322.3842 5720.3803 0.673 1,322.3842 5318.417503 0.69 Safe
Floor
C10 Second W27X368 2,662.9045 11119.8775 0.554 2,662.9045 10368.09528 0.571 Safe
Floor
Table 3.130
Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Column in Third Floor (ASD)
Structural Steel Design-ASD Column

C1 Third W36X262 3,798.8675 9363.3117 0.91 3,798.8675 9048.906877 0.924 Safe

Floor
C2 Third W36X441 5,275.5576 15902.9966 0.866 5,275.5576 23151.65093 0.762 Safe
Floor
C3 Third W33X241 1,901.2802 8619.6382 0.767 1,901.2802 12407.55565 0.692 Safe
Floor
390
C4 Third W36X652 2,607.8768 23760.2475 0.727 2,607.8768 34553.00304 0.709 Safe
Floor
C5 Third W36X652 2,263.9716 23760.2475 0.78 2,263.9716 34553.00304 0.765 Safe
Floor
C6 Third W33X169 2,412.975 5253.5139 0.838 2,412.975 7409.475539 0.705 Safe
Floor
C7 Third W33X221 6,493.5652 7710.3333 0.842 6,493.5652 11356.07251 0.572 Safe
Floor
C8 Third W30X148 279.9481 4496.5114 0.786 279.9481 6153.727222 0.777 Safe
Floor
C9 Third W30X391 575.2569 13976.3948 0.754 575.2569 20134.68351 0.748 Safe
Floor
C10 Third W27X102 1,150.0728 2966.1627 0.69 1,150.0728 4067.718534 0.511 Safe
Floor
Table 3.131
Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Column in Fourth Floor (ASD)

C1 Fourth W30X173 1,738.7825 5966.7458 0.872 1,738.7825 5803.139694 0.88 Safe

Floor
C2 Fourth W27X258 2,584.5691 9084.4053 0.873 2,584.5691 8636.181273 0.888 Safe
Floor
C3 Fourth W27X129 1,070.7601 3856.7824 0.817 1,070.7601 3475.172924 0.847 Safe
Floor
C4 Fourth W27X178 2,622.1911 6221.9791 0.788 2,622.1911 5899.266767 0.809 Safe
Floor
C5 Fourth W33X201 1,196.7162 6968.4051 0.922 1,196.7162 6820.647086 0.924 Safe
Floor
C6 Fourth W33X201 1,499.1072 6968.4051 0.862 1,499.1072 6820.647086 0.866 Safe
Floor
C7 Fourth W33X169 3,258.2563 5059.2961 0.644 3,258.2563 4929.790778 0.661 Safe
Floor
391
Table 3.132
Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Column in Roof Deck (ASD)

C1 Roof W24X94 1,234.5159 2650.6798 0.854 1,234.5159 2328.326507 0.918 Safe

Deck
C2 Roof W33X169 1,043.3165 5253.5139 0.78 1,043.3165 4929.790778 0.816 Safe
Deck
C3 Roof W27X102 478.865 2929.6965 0,824 478.865 2706.399557 0.83 Safe
Deck
C4 Roof W21X62 610.3638 1622.1758 0.89 610.3638 1367.602878 0.96 Safe
Deck
C5 Roof W33X291 384.3161 10406.9796 0.903 384.3161 9974.610152 0.904 Safe
Deck
C6 Roof W21X62 664.0985 1626.5299 0.868 664.0985 1367.602878 0.58 Safe
Deck
C7 Roof W27X114 2,663.6843 3223.5444 0.826 2,663.6843 3061.532741 0.87 Safe
Deck
392
3.9 STRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGN (LRFD)

3.9.1 BEAMS
3.9.1a DESIGN FLOW CHART FOR STEEL BEAMS BY LOAD AND

RESISTANCE FACTOR DESIGN (LRFD)
Figure 3.190
Design Flowchart for Steel Beam (LRFD)
START
Solve For Actual Load Strength (Pu &

Pa)
𝑷𝒖 = 1.2𝑃𝐷𝐿 + 1.6𝑃𝐿𝐿
𝑷𝒂 = 𝑃𝐷𝐿 + 𝑃𝐿𝐿

A Note: From AISC Table
𝒃𝒇 𝑬𝒔
• FLANGE: 𝝀 = ; 𝝀𝒓 = √
𝒉 𝑬𝒔
• WEB: 𝝀 = ; 𝝀𝒓 = 𝟓. 𝟕𝟎√
𝒕𝒘 𝑭𝒚
1
393
IF NO,
CONDITION 1: BEAM IS SLENDER.
𝜆 ≤ 𝜆𝑟 CHOOSE OTHER
IF YES, W-SHAPE SECTION
BEAM IS NON-
SLENDER. CHECK A
COMPACTNESS
𝒃𝒇 𝑬𝒔
• FLANGE: 𝝀 = ; 𝝀𝒑 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟖 √
𝒉 𝑬𝒔
• WEB: 𝝀 = ; 𝝀𝒑 = 𝟑. 𝟕𝟔√
𝒕𝒘 𝑭𝒚
IF YES,
CONDITION 2: IF NO,
SHAPE IS
𝜆 ≤ 𝜆𝑃 SHAPE IS NON-
COMPACT
COMPACT
IF YES, ∆𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 < ∆𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 IF NO,

BEAM IS SAFE BEAM IS UNSAFE
Solve for Nominal Flexural Strength (Mn)
𝑴𝒏 = 𝑴𝒑
Solve for Plastic Moment (Mp)
𝑴𝒑 = 𝐹𝑦𝑍𝑥
Note: For Compact, Mn=Mp

Design Strength Actual Strength
𝑴𝒖 = 0.9𝑀𝑛 𝑴𝒖 = 1.2𝑀𝐷𝐿 + 1.6𝑀𝐿𝐿
B
394
𝑴𝒖𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍 < 𝑴𝒖 𝑴𝒂𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍 < 𝑴𝒖
IF YES IF NO IF YES IF NO
ADEQUATE INADEQUATE ADEQUATE INADEQUATE
END
395
3.9.1.b DESIGN CALCULATION
Sample Computation:
Figure 3.191
STEEL BEAMS-LRFD
BEAM 23
INPUT
Unit Unit
Area 19400 sq. mm Zx 5000 x 10^3 mm^3
d 688 mm Zy 711 x 10^3 mm^4
tw 13.1 mm J 2200.00 x 10^6 mm^4
bf 254 mm Cw 6440.00
tf 21.1 mm Wno 42400.00
k 36.3 mm Sw 56.60
k1 27 mm Qf 847.00
lx 1510 x 10^6 mm^4 Qw 2470.00
Sx 4380 x 10^3 mm^3 Beam Wf 152 kg/m
rx 279 mm Kx 1
ly 57.90 x 10^6 mm^4 Ky 1
Sy 456 x 10^3 mm^3 Cb 1
ry 54.6 mm
Ω 1.67
∅ 0.9

a. Flange b. Web
𝒉 = 𝒅 − 𝟐𝒌
λ 6.01895735 h 615.40000000
λ 46.97709924
𝝀𝒑 9.14932483
𝝀𝒑 90.53016152
𝝀𝒓 24.07717062
𝝀𝒓 137.23987252
NOTE:
For Lr
1.95 rts 0.728096031 Lp 2313.719788

E / (0.7*Fy) 828.1573499 = Lr 740.0489534
Jc / Sxho 0.753161051
6.76*((0.7*Fy)/E)^2 9.85646E-06
=
396
b. Checking for LTB
Lp < Lb ≤ Lr ❌
Lb > Lr ✓
𝑴𝑷 = 𝑭𝒚𝒁𝒙 Mp 1725

Mn 2474.310995 𝐶𝑏 2 𝐸 1973920.88
Mn TO BE USED 1725 (Lb/rts)^2 717285.2413
Fcr 564.9111861
𝑴𝒖 = ∅𝑴𝒏
DCR 0.905611143
Mu 1552.5 Remarks Safe
DCR 0.907
397
Figure 3.192
STEEL BEAMS-LRFD
BEAM 462
INPUT
Unit Unit
Area 17900 sq. mm Zx 4160 x 10^3 mm^3
d 617 mm Zy 615 x 10^3 mm^4
tw 13.1 mm J 2190.00 x 10^6 mm^4
bf 230 mm Cw 4030.00
tf 22.2 mm Wno 34300.00
k 35.1 mm Sw 43.70
k1 27 mm Qf 718.00
lx 1120 x 10^6 mm^4 Qw 2060.00
Sx 3640 x 10^3 mm^3 Beam Wf 140 kg/m
rx 251 mm Kx 1
ly 45.40 x 10^6 mm^4 Ky 1
Sy 393 x 10^3 mm^3 Cb 1
ry 50.3 mm
Ω 1.67
∅ 0.9

a. Flange b. Web
𝒉 = 𝒅 − 𝟐𝒌
λ 5.18018018 h 546.80000000
λ 41.74045802
𝝀𝒑 9.14932483
𝝀𝒑 90.53016152
𝝀𝒓 24.07717062
𝝀𝒓 137.23987252
NOTE:
For Lr
1.95 rts 0.668458029 Lp 2131.50376

E / (0.7*Fy) 828.1573499 = Lr 787.3863622
Jc / Sxho 1.011513705
6.76*((0.7*Fy)/E)^2 9.85646E-06
=
398
b. Checking for LTB
Lp < Lb ≤ Lr ❌
Lb > Lr ✓

Mn 2187.797284 𝐶𝑏 2 𝐸 1973920.88
Fcr 601.0432098
DCR 0.672548696
DCR 0.673
399
Figure 3.193
STEEL BEAMS-LRFD
BEAM 69
INPUT
Unit Unit
Area 17800 sq. mm Zx 4560 x 10^3 mm^3
d 683 mm Zy 636 x 10^3 mm^4
tw 12.4 mm J 1680.00 x 10^6 mm^4
bf 254 mm Cw 5720.00
tf 18.9 mm Wno 42200.00
k 34 mm Sw 50.80
k1 27 mm Qf 759.00
lx 1360 x 10^6 mm^4 Qw 2250.00
Sx 3980 x 10^3 mm^3 Beam Wf 140 kg/m
rx 277 mm Kx 1
ly 51.60 x 10^6 mm^4 Ky 1
Sy 406 x 10^3 mm^3 Cb 1
ry 53.8 mm
Ω 1.67
∅ 0.9

a. Flange b. Web
𝒉 = 𝒅 − 𝟐𝒌
λ 6.71957672 h 615.00000000
λ 49.59677419
𝝀𝒑 9.14932483
𝝀𝒑 90.53016152
𝝀𝒓 24.07717062
𝝀𝒓 137.23987252
NOTE:
For Lr
1.95 rts 0.720451099 Lp 2279.819131

E / (0.7*Fy) 828.1573499 = Lr 672.7113127
Jc / Sxho 0.635612939
6.76*((0.7*Fy)/E)^2 9.85646E-06
=
400
b. Checking for LTB
Lp < Lb ≤ Lr ❌
Lb > Lr ✓

Mn 2043.771574 𝐶𝑏 2 𝐸 1973920.88
Fcr 513.5104457
DCR 0.856147343
DCR 0.908
401
Table of Summary
Table 3.133
Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Beams in Second Floor (LRFD)
Second Floor
Designing
G1 W24X94 LRFD023E 868.7177 0.673 1,291.68 0.672548696 Safe
G2 W27X102 LRFD023E 1,360.2678 0.877 1,552.5 0.876178937 Safe
G3 W27X102 LRFD023E 1,405.9613 0.907 1,552.5 0.905611143 Safe
G4 W27X102 LRFD023E 1,181.5801 0.802 1,552.5 0.76108219 Safe
G5 W27X102 LRFD023E 1,460.2136 0.942 1,552.5 0.940556264 Safe
G6 W24X76 LRFD023E 843.3688 0.829 1018.44 0.828098661 Safe
G7 W27X102 LRFD023E 1,295.7815 0.877 1,552.5 0.834641868 Safe
G8 W18X60 LRFD027E 341.8398 0.881 627.21 0.545016502 Safe
G9 W24X76 LRFD027E 604.8255 0.909 1,018.44 0.593874455 Safe
G10 W24X84 LRFD027E 696.4461 0.875 1,139.535 0.611166923 Safe
G11 W21X68 LRFD027E 498.2405 0.889 813.51 0.612457745 Safe
G12 W24X76 LRFD027E 554.7539 0.839 1,018.44 0.544709458 Safe
G13 W24X76 LRFD027E 689.3094 0.924 1,018.44 0.676828679 Safe
G14 W24X76 LRFD027E 672.7861 0.902 1,018.44 0.660604552 Safe
G15 W24X68 LRFD027E 383.5771 0.65 900.45 0.425983786 Safe
G16 W14X38 LRFD071E 3.8289 0.03 313.605 0.012209308 Safe
Table 3.134
Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Intermediate Beams in Second Floor
(LRFD)
Designing
B1 W14X211 LRFD027E 637.91 0.322 198.095 0.321511823 Safe
B2 W14X193 LRFD027E 633.3238 0.351 1,807.11 0.35046223 Safe
B3 W14X193 LRFD027E 633.3238 0.351 1,807.11 0.35046223 Safe
B4 W14X211 LRFD027E 637.9074 0.322 1,984.095 0.321510512 Safe
B5 W14X398 LRFD027E 686.3878 0.169 4,067.55 0.168747231 Safe
B6 W27X539 LRFD027E 2,175.5968 0.226 9,625.5 0.22602429 Safe
402
Table 3.135
Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Beams in Third Floor (LRFD)
Third Floor
Designing
G1 W24X84 LRFD023E 817.4858 0.718 1,139.535 0.717385425 Safe
G2 W24X68 LRFD023E 811.7825 0.902 900.45 0.901529791 Safe
G3 W27X114 LRFD023E 1,387.7054 0.796 1,745.01 0.79524209 Safe
G4 W27X94 LRFD023E 1,212.2019 0.908 1,415.88 0.856147343 Safe
G5 W27X102 LRFD023E 1,408.7 0.926 1,552.5 0.907375201 Safe
G6 W24X68 LRFD023E 846.1324 0.94 900.45 0.939677272 Safe
G7 W27X102 LRFD023E 1,270.6158 0.878 1,552.5 0.818432077 Safe
G8 W18X76 LRFD027E 480.4859 0.805 829.035 0.579572515 Safe
G9 W24X68 LRFD027E 566.5042 0.926 900.45 0.629134544 Safe
G10 W24X94 LRFD027E 776.4008 0.801 1,291.68 0.601078286 Safe
G11 W21X68 LRFD027E 497.0078 0.903 813.51 0.610942459 Safe
G12 W24X76 LRFD027E 545.9918 0.861 1,018.44 0.536106005 Safe
G13 W24X76 LRFD027E 645.88 0.87 1,018.44 0.634185617 Safe
G14 W24X76 LRFD027E 555.9254 0.745 1,018.44 0.545859746 Safe
G15 W18X50 LRFD071E 247.0521 0.759 515.43 0.479312613 Safe
G16 W14X22 LRFD027E 2.2817 0.09 99.17377733 0.02300709 Safe
Table 3.136
Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Intermediate Beams in Second Floor
(LRFD)
Designing
B1 W14X233 LRFD027E 693.6369 0.313 2,216.97 0.312876088 Safe
B2 W14X193 LRFD027E 633.3238 0.351 1,807.11 0.35046223 Safe
B3 W14X193 LRFD027E 610.3712 0.351 1,807.11 0.337760955 Safe
B4 W14X211 LRFD027E 637.9074 0.322 1,984.095 0.321510512 Safe
B5 W14X398 LRFD027E 2,108.7484 0.518 4,067.55 0.518432078 Safe
B6 W27X539 LRFD027E 2,145.198 0.223 9,625.5 0.222866137 Safe
403
Table 3.137
Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Beams in Fourth Floor (LRFD)
Fourth Floor
Designing
G1 W21X62 LRFD023E 596.5561 0.815 732.78 0.814099866 Safe
G2 W24X62 LRFD023E 586.6103 0.853 2,221.22385 0.264093284 Safe
G3 W27X114 LRFD023E 1,125.9277 0.646 1,745.01 0.645227076 Safe
G4 W27X94 LRFD017E 921.8555 0.705 1,415.88 0.651083072 Safe
G5 W27X102 LRFD023E 1,090.9846 0.719 1,552.5 0.702727601 Safe
G6 W24X68 LRFD023E 696.5403 0.774 900.45 0.773546893 Safe
G7 W27X94 LRFD027E 1,018.4833 0.793 2,221.22385 0.458523485 Safe
G8 W24X68 LRFD027E 407.8934 0.827 900.45 0.452988395 Safe
G9 W24X68 LRFD027E 403.2994 0.646 900.45 0.447886501 Safe
G10 W24X84 LRFD027E 572.4425 0.881 1,139.535 0.502347449 Safe
G11 W21X62 LRFD027E 369.651 0.778 732.78 0.504450176 Safe
G12 W21X68 LRFD027E 334.7378 0.659 813.51 0.411473491 Safe
G13 W21X68 LRFD027E 463.6721 0.849 813.51 0.569964844 Safe
G14 W21X68 LRFD027E 465.4701 0.864 813.51 0.572175019 Safe
G15 W18X50 LRFD027E 181.4809 0.553 515.43 0.352096114 Safe
G16 W14X22 LRFD075E 2.3225 0.094 99.17377733 0.023418489 Safe
Table 3.138
Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Intermediate Beams in Fourth Floor
(LRFD)
Designing
B1 W14X159 LRFD027E 489.521 0.341 1,459.35 0.335437695 Safe
B2 W14X176 LRFD027E 494.0164 0.304 1,627.02 0.303632654 Safe
B3 W14X176 LRFD027E 432.3709 0.269 1,627.02 0.26574406 Safe
B4 W14X193 LRFD027E 498.4237 0.276 1,807.11 0.275812596 Safe
B5 W14X342 LRFD027E 1,713.0474 0.501 3,415.5 0.501550988 Safe
B6 W12X190 LRFD027E 497.7186 0.315 1,583.55 0.314305579 Safe
404
Table 3.139
Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Beams in Roof Deck (LRFD)
Roof Deck
Designing
G1 W21X62 LRFD023E 522.6529 0.729 732.78 0.713246677 Safe
G2 W24X62 LRFD023E 481.387 0.752 2,221.22385 0.216721516 Safe
G3 W24X94 LRFD023E 932.412 0.722 1,291.68 0.721859903 Safe
G4 W24X84 LRFD023E 690.2517 0.657 1,139.535 0.605731022 Safe
G5 W27X178 LRFD023E 1,563.0304 0.539 2,900.07 0.538962991 Safe
G6 W24X62 LRFD023E 420.6514 0.651 779.355 0.539742993 Safe
G7 W24X68 LRFD017E 654.295 0.833 900.45 0.726631129 Safe
G8 W24X76 LRFD027E 467.5355 0.614 1,018.44 0.459070245 Safe
G9 W24X76 LRFD027E 351.7296 0.473 1,018.44 0.345361141 Safe
G10 W24X68 LRFD027E 245.0207 0.655 900.45 0.272109168 Safe
G11 W27X102 LRFD027E 555.8763 0.661 1,552.5 0.358052367 Safe
G12 W21X55 LRFD027E 222.864 0.683 636.4247927 0.350181204 Safe
G13 W18X50 LRFD027E 205.3382 0.729 515.43 0.398382322 Safe
G14 W21X55 LRFD027E 216.2213 0.62 636.4247927 0.339743678 Safe
G15 W16X36 LRFD027E 105.1904 0.705 299.8165253 0.35084924 Safe
G16 W14X22 LRFD047E 3.1317 0.128 99.17377733 0.039296678 Safe
Table 3.140
Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Intermediate Beams in Roof Deck (LRFD)
Designing
B1 W12X170 LRFD027E 371.5964 0.268 1,400.355 0.265358713 Safe
B2 W14X109 LRFD027E 355.7301 0.404 978.075 0.363704317 Safe
B3 W14X426 LRFD027E 1,171.0397 0.265 4409.1 0.265596085 Safe
B4 W14X120 LRFD027E 358.6389 0.36 1,077.435 0.332863607 Safe
B5 W14X109 LRFD027E 274.6717 0.312 978.075 0.280828873 Safe
B6 W14X120 LRFD027E 296.1389 0.298 1,077.435 0.274855467 Safe
Table 3.141
Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Beams in Roof (LRFD)
Roof
Designing
G1 W12X53 LRFD027E 140.5638 0.562 397.44 0.353673007 Safe
405
3.9.2 COLUMNS
3.9.2.a DESIGN FLOW CHART FOR COLUMNS BEAMS BY LOAD AND

RESISTANCE FACTOR DESIGN (LRFD)
Figure 3.194
Design Flowchart for Steel Column (LRFD)
START
Solve For Actual Load Strength (Pu)
𝑷𝒖 = 𝐷𝐿 + 𝐿𝐿

Note: From AISC Table
𝑲𝑳
Solve For Slenderness Ratio ( 𝒓 )
𝑲𝑳 𝑬
< 𝟒. 𝟕𝟏√
𝒓 𝑭𝒚
IF YES, IF NO,
INELASTIC ELASTIC
Solve For Elastic Buckling (Fe)

𝜋2 𝐸
𝑭𝒆 = 𝑘𝐿 2
( )
1
406
𝑲𝑳 𝑬 𝑭𝒚
≤ 𝟒. 𝟕𝟏 √𝑭𝒀 or 𝑭𝒆 ≤ 𝟐. 𝟐𝟓
𝒓
IF YES, INELASTIC IF NO, ELASTIC

𝐹𝑦
𝑭𝒄𝒓 = (0.658 )Fy 𝑭𝒄𝒓 = 0.877Fe
𝐹𝑒
Member Stability
𝒃𝒇 𝑬𝒔
• FLANGE: 𝝀 = ; 𝝀𝒓 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟔√
𝒉 𝑬𝒔
• WEB: 𝝀 = ; 𝝀𝒓 = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟗√
𝒕𝒘 𝑭𝒚
𝝀 ≤ 𝝀𝒓
IF YES IF NO
SHAPE IS NON-SLENDER SHAPE IS SLENDER
Solve For Nominal Strength (Pn)
𝑷𝒏 = 𝐹𝑐𝑟𝐴𝑔
2
407
Solve For Design Compressive Strength (Pu)

𝑷𝒖 = ∅𝑃𝑛
Where:
Ω = 0.90
𝑷𝒂𝑫𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏 𝑷𝒂𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍
IF YES IF NO
SECTION IS ADEQUATE SECTION IS
INADEQUATE
END
408
Sample Computation:
Figure 3.195
Manual Computation for Column-75 at Second Floor (Left Support)
STEEL COLUMN-LRFD
COLUMN C75
INPUT
Unit Unit
Area 49800 sq. mm Zx 18000 x 10^3 mm^3
d 937 mm Zy 3340 x 10^3 mm^4
tw 21.3 mm J 17300.00 x 10^6 mm^4
bf 422 mm Cw 91800.00
tf 36.6 mm Wno 94800.00
k 60.7 mm Sw 363.00
k1 41.3 mm Qf 3280.00
lx 7450 x 10^6 mm^4 Qw 8900.00
Sx 15900 x 10^3 mm^3 Beam Wf 390 kg/m
rx 389 mm Kx 1
ly 454.00 x 10^6 mm^4 Ky 1
Sy 2160 x 10^3 mm^3
ry 95.5 mm
Axial Capacity (∅Pn) 12321.4886 kN Length 6000 mm
DCR 0.745
at x-direction
𝐾𝑥𝐿
= 15.42416452
≤ 4.71
𝑟 𝐹𝑦
at y-direction
𝐾𝑦𝐿 62.82722513 < 113.4034736

=
𝑟𝑦 62.82722513

Ineslastic Buckling
𝐾𝐿
= 62.82722513
𝑟
CALCULATION FOR AXIAL AND ACTUAL CAPACITY CALCULATION FOR DESIGN STRENGTH - LRFD
2𝐸
𝐹𝑦
𝐹𝑒 = 𝐹𝑐𝑟 = (0.658 𝐹𝑒 )𝐹𝑦 𝑃𝑛 = 𝐹𝑐𝑟𝐴𝑔 𝑃𝑢 = ∅𝑃𝑛
𝐾𝐿
( 𝑟 )2 where: ∅ = 0.90
Pu = 11584.71328
Fe = 500.0736641
11584.71328 > 4195.286
ADEQUATE
409
CHECK COMPACTNESS
ℎ = 𝑑 − 2𝑘 h= 815.6 𝑏𝑓 λ= 5.765027322
𝜆=
λ= 38.29107981 2𝑡𝑓 𝜆𝑟 = 9.149324835
ℎ
𝜆= 𝜆𝑟 = 90.53016152 𝜆𝑝 = 24.07717062
𝑡𝑤
𝜆𝑝 = 137.2398725 𝐸𝑠
𝐹𝑦
𝐸𝑠
𝜆𝑟 = 0.38
𝐸𝑠 𝐹𝑦
𝐹𝑦

1.95*rts = 1.24254087
Jc/Sxho = 1.208407724
6.76*(0.7Fy/E)^2 = 6.66297E-05
Lr = 1599.73396
𝐶𝑏 2𝐸 0.7𝐹𝑦 2 Lb= 6000
𝑐
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 1 + 0.078( )( ) Lp = 4046.890837
𝐸 𝐿𝑏 2 𝑆 ℎ𝑔 𝐸
𝐿𝑝 = 1.76𝑟𝑦 (𝑟𝑡𝑠 )
𝐹𝑦
Therefore YES LTB

Mn = N/A Mn = N/A
Mp = 6210
FOR LRFD 𝐶𝑏 2 𝐸 = 1973920.88
(Lb/rts)^2 = 88664620.19
𝑀𝑢𝑚𝑎 = ∅𝑀𝑛 Fcr 64.3589034
=
Mp = 6210 Mn = 1158460.261
Mu = 5589

Equation 1
𝑃𝑢 𝑃𝑢 8 𝑀𝑢 𝑀𝑢𝑦
𝐹𝑜𝑟 ≥ 0.2 𝑈𝑆𝐸 + + ≤ 1.0 Pu = 4195.286
∅𝑃𝑛 ∅𝑃𝑛 9 ∅𝑀𝑢 ∅𝑀𝑢𝑦
∅𝑃𝑛 = 11584.71328
Equation 2 𝑀𝑢 = 1676.0892
𝑃𝑢 𝑃𝑢 𝑀𝑢 𝑀𝑢𝑦 ∅𝑀𝑢 = 5589
𝐹𝑜𝑟 < 0.2 𝑈𝑆𝐸 + + ≤ 1.0 𝑀𝑢𝑦 = 161.4422
∅𝑃𝑛 2∅𝑃𝑛 ∅𝑀𝑢 ∅𝑀𝑢𝑦
∅𝑀𝑢𝑦 = 1037.2008
Use EQ.1 DCR = 0.767066525 SAFE
DCR = 0.745
410
Figure 3.196
Manual Computation for Column-135 at Third Floor
STEEL COLUMN-LRFD
COLUMN C135
INPUT
Unit Unit
Area 31900 sq. mm Zx 10300 x 10^3 mm^3
d 859 mm Zy 1380 x 10^3 mm^4
tw 17 mm J 7370.00 x 10^6 mm^4
bf 292 mm Cw 22100.00
tf 31 mm Wno 60500.00
k 48.8 mm Sw 137.00
k1 30.2 mm Qf 1770.00
lx 3870 x 10^6 mm^4 Qw 5100.00
Sx 9000 x 10^3 mm^3 Beam Wf 251 kg/m
rx 348 mm Kx 1
ly 129.00 x 10^6 mm^4 Ky 1
Sy 883 x 10^3 mm^3
ry 63.5 mm
DCR 0.901
Steel Shape W33X169 S.I Units
at x-direction
𝐾𝑥𝐿
= 11.49425287
≤ 4.71
𝑟 𝐹𝑦
at y-direction
𝐾𝑦𝐿 62.99212598 < 113.4034736

=
𝑟𝑦 62.99212598

Ineslastic Buckling
𝐾𝐿
= 62.99212598
𝑟
2𝐸
𝐹𝑦
𝐾𝐿 2
(𝑟 ) where: ∅ = 0.90
Pu = 7409.475539
Fe = 497.4589043
7409.475539 > 2903.5864
ADEQUATE
411
CHECK COMPACTNESS
ℎ = 𝑑 − 2𝑘 h= 761.4 𝑏𝑓 λ= 4.709677419
𝜆=
λ= 44.78823529 2𝑡𝑓 𝜆𝑟 = 9.149324835
ℎ
𝜆= 𝜆𝑟 = 90.53016152 𝜆𝑝 = 24.07717062
𝑡𝑤
𝜆𝑝 = 137.2398725 𝐸𝑠
𝐹𝑦
𝐸𝑠
𝜆𝑟 = 0.38
𝐸𝑠 𝐹𝑦
𝐹𝑦

1.95*rts = 0.844615122
Jc/Sxho = 0.988996243
6.76*(0.7Fy/E)^2 = 6.66297E-05
Lr = 983.7567603
𝐶𝑏 2 𝐸 0.7𝐹𝑦 2 Lb= 6000
𝑐
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 1 + 0.078( )( ) Lp = 2690.864588
𝐿𝑝 = 1.76𝑟𝑦 (𝑟𝑡𝑠 )
𝐹𝑦
Therefore YES LTB

Mn = N/A Mn = N/A
Mp = 3553.5
FOR LRFD 𝐶𝑏 2 𝐸 = 1973920.88
(Lb/rts)^2 = 191890740.2
𝑀𝑢𝑚𝑎 = ∅𝑀𝑛 Fcr 39.57740989
=
Mp = 3553.5 Mn = 407647.3219
Mu = 3198.15

Equation 1
𝐹𝑜𝑟 ≥ 0.2 𝑈𝑆𝐸 + + ≤ 1.0 Pu = 2903.5864
∅𝑃𝑛 = 7409.475539
𝑃𝑢 𝑃𝑢 𝑀𝑢 𝑀𝑢𝑦 ∅𝑀𝑢 = 3198.15
𝐹𝑜𝑟 < 0.2 𝑈𝑆𝐸 + + ≤ 1.0 𝑀𝑢𝑦 = 229.9451
∅𝑀𝑢𝑦 = 429.1164
Use EQ.1 DCR = 0.924618026 SAFE
DCR = 0.901
412
Figure 3.197
STEEL COLUMN-LRFD
COLUMN C59
INPUT
Unit Unit
Area 83900 sq. mm Zx 31300 x 10^3 mm^3
d 988 mm Zy 6030 x 10^3 mm^4
tw 34.5 mm J 80700.00 x 10^6 mm^4
bf 432 mm Cw 178000.00
tf 62 mm Wno 99400.00
k 86.1 mm Sw 666.00
k1 47.6 mm Qf 5690.00
lx 13400 x 10^6 mm^4 Qw 15600.00
Sx 27000 x 10^3 mm^3 Beam Wf 656 kg/m
rx 399 mm Kx 1
ly 828.00 x 10^6 mm^4 Ky 1
Sy 3850 x 10^3 mm^3
ry 99.6 mm
DCR 0.814
Steel Shape W36X441 S.I Unit
at x-direction
𝐾𝑥𝐿
= 15.03759398
≤ 4.71
𝑟 𝐹𝑦
at y-direction
𝐾𝑦𝐿 60.24096386 < 113.4034736

=
𝑟𝑦 60.24096386

Ineslastic Buckling
𝐾𝐿
= 60.24096386
𝑟
2𝐸
𝐹𝑦
𝐾𝐿
( 𝑟 )2 where: ∅ = 0.90
Pu = 19976.98605
Fe = 543.9336378
19976.98605 > 9052.8654
ADEQUATE
413
CHECK COMPACTNESS
ℎ = 𝑑 − 2𝑘 h= 815.8 𝑏𝑓 λ= 3.483870968
𝜆=
λ= 23.64637681 2𝑡𝑓 𝜆𝑟 = 9.149324835
ℎ
𝜆= 𝜆𝑟 = 90.53016152 𝜆𝑝 = 24.07717062
𝑡𝑤
𝜆𝑝 = 137.2398725 𝐸𝑠
𝐹𝑦
𝐸𝑠
𝜆𝑟 = 0.38
𝐸𝑠 𝐹𝑦
𝐹𝑦

1.95*rts = 1.307571103
Jc/Sxho = 3.227741781
6.76*(0.7Fy/E)^2 = 6.66297E-05
Lr = 2751.331444
𝐶𝑏 2 𝐸 0.7𝐹𝑦 2 Lb= 6000
𝑐
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 1 + 0.078( )( ) Lp = 4220.631701
𝐿𝑝 = 1.76𝑟𝑦 (𝑟𝑡𝑠 )
𝐹𝑦
Therefore YES LTB

Mn = N/A Mn = N/A
Mp = 10798.5
FOR LRFD 𝐶𝑏 2 𝐸 = 1973920.88
(Lb/rts)^2 = 80064702.71
𝑀𝑢𝑚𝑎 = ∅𝑀𝑛 Fcr 110.6893654
=
Mp = 10798.5 Mn = 3464577.136
Mu = 9718.65

Equation 1
𝐹𝑜𝑟 ≥ 0.2 𝑈𝑆𝐸 + + ≤ 1.0 Pu = 9052.8654
∅𝑃𝑛 = 19976.98605
𝑃𝑢 𝑃𝑢 𝑀𝑢 𝑀𝑢𝑦 ∅𝑀𝑢 = 9718.65
𝐹𝑜𝑟 < 0.2 𝑈𝑆𝐸 + + ≤ 1.0 𝑀𝑢𝑦 = 211.1454
∅𝑀𝑢𝑦 = 1871.029
Use EQ.1 DCR = 0.835881895 SAFE
DCR = 0.814
414
Table of Summary
Table 3.142
Structural Steel Design-LRFD Column
Column Floor Steel Extracted From Etabs Pn ∅Pn Dcr Notes

Section Pn ∅Pn DCR
C1 Second W14X38 386.8326 1,433.0301 0.089 386.8326 411.5577246 0.942503528 Safe

Floor
C2 Second W36X441 3293.3197 2,1116.6765 0.523 3293.3197 19,976.98605 0.526894338 Safe
Floor
C3 Second W33X201 4,253.6364 9,136.4644 0.846 4,253.6364 8,571.010624 0.875563115 Safe
Floor
C4 Second W36X262 6,076.1007 12,321.4886 0.859 6,076.1007 11,584.71328 0.890911112 Safe
Floor
C5 Second W33X201 2,772.8933 9,142.3929 0.686 2,772.8933 8,571.010624 0.70572926 Safe
Floor
C6 Second W36X262 4,195.286 12,321.4886 0.745 4,195.286 11,584.71328 0.767066525 Safe
Floor
C7 Second W36X441 16,670.6942 20,558.7239 0.811 16,670.6942 19,976.98605 0.834494961 Safe
Floor
C8 Second W24X76 823.4753 1,838.3969 0.794 823.4753 1,489.913198 0.898743173 Safe
Floor
C9 Second W30X116 1,435.1609 3,514.2904 0.828 1,435.1609 2,927.367522 0.800292603 Safe
Floor
C10 Second W27X146 3,099.7202 6,330.8848 0.838 3,099.7202 5,816.038755 0.881388556 Safe
Floor
Table 3.143
Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Column in Third (ASD)
STRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGN-LRFD COLUMN

C1 Third W36X232 8,989.7715 11,267.4426 0.798 8,989.7715 10,461.13996 0.859349127 Safe

Floor
C2 Third W33X318 2,383.4163 17,141.5641 0.59 2,383.4163 16,463.87877 0.592568513 Safe
Floor
415
C3 Third W33X169 2,096.4737 7,830.3761 0.756 2,096.4737 7,409.475539 0.770717344 Safe
Floor
C4 Third W36X395 2,759.4107 21,383.3783 0.575 2,759.4107 20,590.97678 0.57717429 Safe
Floor
C5 Third W33X387 1,950.6274 20,916.6873 0.721 1,950.6274 20,089.15296 0.723183412 Safe
Floor
C6 Third W33X169 2,903.5864 7,887.8935 0.901 2,903.5864 7,409.475539 0.924618026 Safe
Floor
C7 Third W33X221 9,295.5608 1,1587.0376 0.802 9,295.5608 11,356.07251 0.818554196 Safe
Floor
C8 Third W30X116 356.9652 5,031.0061 0.874 356.9652 4,699.155552 0.876025519 Safe
Floor
C9 Third W30X235 618.0884 12,487.6608 0.81 618.0884 11,980.70163 0.810946031 Safe
Floor
C10 Third W27X94 1,370.7717 3,976.78 0.632 1,370.7717 3,688.590659 0.594259879 Safe
Floor
Table 3.144
Summary of Design Capacity Ratios of Steel Column in Fourth Floor (ASD)

C1 Fourth W30X148 2,088.493 6,744.8196 0.806 2,088.493 6,153.727222 0.835604031 Safe

Floor
C2 Fourth W33X221 2,900.4858 11,796.2767 0.817 2,900.4858 11,356.07251 0.827122555 Safe
Floor
C3 Fourth W24X94 1,191.7344 3,983.9718 0.808 1,191.7344 3,499.474741 0.962718467 Safe
Floor
C4 Fourth W27X281 1,710.6215 14,920.6014 0.517 1,710.6215 14,212.03445 0.628070249 Safe
Floor
C5 Fourth W33X141 1,052.6938 6,388.4349 0.691 1,052.6938 6,118.835864 0.695086395 Safe
Floor
C6 Fourth W27X102 1,643.1079 4,450.377 0.912 1,643.1079 4,067.718534 0.946595003 Safe
Floor
C7 Fourth W30X148 5,302.3679 6,523.3618 0.813 5,302.3679 6,153.727222 0.861651436 Safe
Floor
416
Table 3.145

C1 Roof W30X148 1,414.2016 5,062.6436 0.693 1,414.2016 6,153.727222 0.5731361 Safe

Deck
C2 Roof W33X221 527.5694 10,421.898 0.739 527.5694 11,356.07251 0.727047783 Safe
Deck
C3 Roof W24X94 526.5159 3,968.1238 0.491 526.5159 3,499.474741 0.513324646 Safe
Deck
C4 Roof W27X281 4,456.1388 8,458.772 0.526 4,456.1388 14,212.03445 0.313546862 Safe
Deck
C5 Roof W33X141 353.709 6368.5851 0.754 353.709 6,118.835864 0.755392982 Safe
Deck
C6 Roof W27X102 645.7441 1696.3752 0.767 645.7441 4,067.718534 0.438997526 Safe
Deck
C7 Roof W30X148 3,525.0938 4,872.9094 0.723 3,525.0938 6,153.727222 0.572838813 Safe
Deck
417
3.10 SHEAR WALL DESIGN
Figure 3.198
Shear Wall Property Data
Figure 3.199
Shear Wall Property/Stiffness Modification Factors
418
Figure 3.200
Rebar Selection Rules for Wall Piers
Figure 3.201
Rebar Selection Rules for Spandrels
419
Figure 3.202
Shear Wall Design Preferences for ACI-318-14
Figure 3.203
Shear Wall Pier Design Overwrites for ACI-318-14
420
Figure 3.204
Uniform Reinforcing Assignment to Pier
Figure 3.205
Display Shear Wall Design Results
421
Table 3.146
Shear Wall Pier Summary from ETABS 2016
TABLE: Shear Wall Pier Summary - ACI 318-14
Story Pier Label Station Design Type Edge Rebar End Rebar Rebar Spacing D/C Ratio
mm
Roof P1 Top Uniform 32 25 100 0.007
Roof P1 Bottom Uniform 32 25 100 0.307
Roof Deck P1 Top Uniform 32 25 100 0.336
Roof Deck P1 Bottom Uniform 32 25 100 0.107
4th Floor P1 Top Uniform 32 25 100 0.137
4th Floor P1 Bottom Uniform 32 25 100 0.181
3rd Floor P1 Top Uniform 32 25 100 0.182
3rd Floor P1 Bottom Uniform 32 25 100 0.24
2nd Floor P1 Top Uniform 32 25 100 0.246
2nd Floor P1 Bottom Uniform 32 25 100 0.544
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
3.11 FOUNDATION DESIGN (USD)

3.11.1 DESIGN FLOW CHART FOR FOUNDATION
Figure 3.206
Design Flow Chart for Foundation
START
Create structure using ETABS 2016 and

import to SAFE 2016
SAFE: Construct Frame
Set members and restraint properties
Provide the necessary Definitions (Wind,

Reference Load, Seismic)
Define Load Combination from NSCP 2015
Run Analysis
Get and Analyze the Data
END
431
3.11.2 MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS MODEL

3.11.2a GEOMETRICAL MODEL
Figure 3.207
3D Geometric Model-USD
432
Figure 3.208
3D Geometric Model-ASD
433
Figure 3.209
3D Geometric Model-LRFD
434
3.11.2b MATERIAL PROPERTY ASSIGNMENT INPUTS
Table 3.147
Material Properties of Concrete (USD)
Material E U A UnitWt Fc LtWtConc UserModRup

N/mm2 1/C kN/m3 N/mm2
MAT1 24870.06232 0.200000 9.9000E-06 2.4000E+ 35.00000 No No
01
Table 3.148
Material Properties of Rebar (USD)
Material E UnitWt Fy Fu
N/mm2 kN/m3 N/mm2 N/mm2
Grade 200000 7.6973E+01 414.00000 620.52821
60
Table 3.149
Material Properties of Steel (ASD)
4000Psi 24855.57828 0.200000 9.9000E-06 2.4000E+01 35.00000 No No
Table 3.150
Material Properties of Rebar (USD)
A615Gr60 199948 7.6973E+01 420.00000 620.52821
Table 3.151
Material Properties of Steel (LRFD)
4000Psi 24870.06232 0.200000 9.9000E-06 2.4000E+01 35.00000 No No
435
Table 3.152
Material Properties of Rebar (LRFD)
A615Gr60 199948 7.6973E+01 420.00000 620.52821
436
3.11.2c SHELL SECTION PROPERTIES
Table 3.153
Slab Properties of Solid Slabs (USD)
Slab Type MatProp Thickness Ortho
mm
SLAB1000 Footing MAT1 2500.000 No
Table 3.154
Slab Properties of Solid Slabs (ASD)
mm
SLAB1700 Footing 4000Psi 3500.000 No
Table 3.155
Slab Properties of Solid Slabs (LRFD)
mm
SLAB1500 Footing 4000Psi 2000.000 No
Table 3.156
Column Properties of Rectangular (ASD)
Column MatProp SecDim2 SecDim3 AutoRigid AutoDrop IncludeCap
mm mm
COL1000 4000Psi 1000.000 1000.000 No No No
COL1800 4000Psi 1800.000 1800.000 No No No
COL2000 4000Psi 2000.000 2000.000 No No No
COL500 4000Psi 500.000 500.000 No No No
COL600 4000Psi 600.000 600.000 No No No
COL700 4000Psi 700.000 700.000 No No No
COL800 4000Psi 800.000 800.000 No No No
437
Table 3.157
Column Properties of Rectangular (LRFD)
Column MatProp SecDim2 SecDim3 AutoRigi AutoDro IncludeCa
d p p
mm mm
COL1000 4000Psi 1000.000 1000.000 No No No
COL1800 4000Psi 1800.000 1800.000 No No No
COL700 4000Psi 700.000 700.000 No No No
COL800 4000Psi 800.000 800.000 No No No
COL900 4000Psi 900.000 900.000 No No No
Table 3.158
Soil Properties USD, LRFD, and ASD).
Soil Subgrade NonlinOpt

(kN/m3)
SBC=240.38 FS=2 1.9230E+04 Compression Only

438
3.11.3 MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS MODEL
Figure 3.210
Rebar Intensity Area-USD
Figure 3.211
Longitudinal Rebar Design-USD
439
Figure 3.212
Rebar Intensity Area-ASD
Figure 3.213
Longitudinal Rebar Design 1-ASD
440
Figure 3.214
Longitudinal Rebar Design 2-ASD
In the elevator shaft, the researcher used a 50 mm diameter of reinforcement for the top
and bottom bars with a spacing of 100 mm due to the demand for a number of reinforcements.
However, for the other column of the structure the application of 36 mm diameter of reinforcement
for top and bottom bars is found to be safe with the spacing of 100 mm.
441
Figure 3.215
Rebar Intensity Area-LRFD
Figure 3.216
Longitudinal Rebar Design 1-LRFD
442
Figure 3.217
Longitudinal Rebar Design 2-LRFD
In the elevator shaft, the researcher used a 50 mm diameter of reinforcement for the top
and bottom bars with a spacing of 100 mm due to the demand for a number of reinforcements.
However, for the other column of the structure the application of 36 mm diameter of reinforcement
for top and bottom bars is found to be safe with the spacing of 100 mm.
443
Figure 3.218
Punching Shear Check RCD-USD
Punching shear Mat footing is < 1, therefore, punching shear for RCD USD is SAFE.
444
Figure 3.219
Punching Shear Check Steel-ASD
Punching shear Mat footing is < 1, therefore, punching shear for Steel ASD is SAFE.
445
Figure 3.220
Punching Shear Check Steel-LRFD
Punching shear Mat footing is < 1, therefore, punching shear for Steel LRFD is SAFE.
446
3.11.4 BEARING PRESSURE CHECK BY GRAVITY LOADS
Figure 3.221
Bearing Pressure Check by Gravity Loads RCD-USD.
The contour shows the range of the displacement of the footing for bearing pressure check
by gravitational loads is adequate because the pressure did not exceed the soil bearing capacity.
Figure 3.222
Bearing pressure check by gravity loads Steel-ASD
447
Figure 3.223
Bearing pressure check by gravity loads Steel-LRFD
448
3.11.5 BEARING PRESSURE CHECK BY TRANSIENT LOADS
Figure 3.224
Bearing Pressure Check by Transient Loads RCD-USD
by transient loads is adequate because the pressure did not exceed the soil bearing capacity.
Figure 3.225
Bearing Pressure Check by Transient Loads Steel-ASD
449
Figure 3.226
Bearing Pressure Check By Transient Loads Steel-LRFD
450
3.11.6 FOOTING DESIGN RESULTS
Table. 3.159
. Concrete Slab Design – Punching Shear Data Of USD.
Point Global X Global Y Location Perimeter Depth Status Ratio
m m mm mm
289 7.00000 83.00000 Interior 6468.000 967.000 Ok 0.033471
292 7.00000 93.00000 Interior 6468.000 967.000 Ok 0.032622
295 7.00000 103.00000 Interior 6468.000 967.000 Ok 0.035800
296 7.00000 113.00000 Interior 6468.000 967.000 Ok 0.015048
297 17.00000 83.00000 Interior 6468.000 967.000 Ok 0.059065
298 17.00000 93.00000 Interior 6468.000 967.000 Ok 0.056922
303 17.00000 103.00000 Interior 6468.000 967.000 Ok 0.064664
304 17.00000 113.00000 Interior 6468.000 967.000 Ok 0.039376
305 27.00000 83.00000 Interior 6468.000 967.000 Ok 0.028050
308 27.00000 93.00000 Interior 6468.000 967.000 Ok 0.027658
309 27.00000 103.00000 Interior 6468.000 967.000 Ok 0.045546
312 27.00000 113.00000 Interior 6468.000 967.000 Ok 0.014895
331 137.00000 83.00000 Interior 6468.000 967.000 Ok 0.030925
332 137.00000 93.00000 Interior 6468.000 967.000 Ok 0.030640
333 137.00000 103.00000 Interior 6468.000 967.000 Ok 0.047477
334 137.00000 113.00000 Interior 6468.000 967.000 Ok 0.014284
345 147.00000 83.00000 Interior 6468.000 967.000 Ok 0.059079
346 147.00000 93.00000 Interior 6468.000 967.000 Ok 0.056893
347 147.00000 103.00000 Interior 6468.000 967.000 Ok 0.064663
348 147.00000 113.00000 Interior 6468.000 967.000 Ok 0.038814
349 157.00000 83.00000 Interior 6468.000 967.000 Ok 0.032120
350 157.00000 93.00000 Interior 6468.000 967.000 Ok 0.030516
351 157.00000 103.00000 Interior 6468.000 967.000 Ok 0.033765
352 157.00000 113.00000 Interior 6468.000 967.000 Ok 0.016041
776 7.00000 33.00000 Interior 6668.000 967.000 Ok 0.078987
777 7.00000 43.00000 Interior 6668.000 967.000 Ok 0.079170
785 17.00000 3.00000 Interior 6068.000 967.000 Ok 0.065053
786 17.00000 13.00000 Interior 6868.000 967.000 Ok 0.136144
787 17.00000 23.00000 Interior 6868.000 967.000 Ok 0.120498
788 17.00000 33.00000 Interior 6868.000 967.000 Ok 0.120281
789 17.00000 43.00000 Interior 6868.000 967.000 Ok 0.117414
790 17.00000 53.00000 Interior 6868.000 967.000 Ok 0.132397
451
Table 3.160
. Concrete Slab Design – Punching Shear Data of ASD.
Point GlobalX GlobalY Location Perimeter Depth Status Ratio
m m mm mm
427 7.00000 73.00000 Interior 10668.000 1667.000 Ok 0.215070
428 157.00000 73.00000 Interior 10668.000 1667.000 Ok 0.165885
429 157.00000 3.00000 Edge 10134.500 1667.000 Ok 0.285160
430 7.00000 3.00000 Edge 10134.500 1667.000 Ok 0.336685
431 7.00000 33.00000 Interior 9868.000 1667.000 Ok 0.056877
432 7.00000 43.00000 Interior 9868.000 1667.000 Ok 0.051661
433 157.00000 33.00000 Interior 9868.000 1667.000 Ok 0.057425
434 157.00000 43.00000 Interior 9868.000 1667.000 Ok 0.051387
435 7.00000 13.00000 Interior 9868.000 1667.000 Ok 0.427513
436 7.00000 23.00000 Interior 9868.000 1667.000 Ok 0.263156
437 7.00000 53.00000 Interior 9868.000 1667.000 Ok 0.188698
438 7.00000 63.00000 Interior 9868.000 1667.000 Ok 0.178588
439 157.00000 63.00000 Interior 9868.000 1667.000 Ok 0.170651
440 157.00000 53.00000 Interior 9868.000 1667.000 Ok 0.220181
441 157.00000 13.00000 Interior 9868.000 1667.000 Ok 0.250549
442 157.00000 23.00000 Interior 9868.000 1667.000 Ok 0.223873
443 17.00000 3.00000 Edge 9734.500 1667.000 Ok 0.053129
444 17.00000 73.00000 Interior 9868.000 1667.000 Ok 0.072398
445 27.00000 3.00000 Edge 9734.500 1667.000 Ok 0.044601
446 27.00000 73.00000 Interior 9868.000 1667.000 Ok 0.061270
447 37.00000 3.00000 Edge 9734.500 1667.000 Ok 0.048414
448 37.00000 73.00000 Interior 9868.000 1667.000 Ok 0.048803
449 47.00000 3.00000 Interior 9868.000 1667.000 Ok 0.044571
450 47.00000 73.00000 Edge 9734.500 1667.000 Ok 0.044817
451 57.00000 3.00000 Interior 9868.000 1667.000 Ok 0.047217
452 57.00000 73.00000 Interior 9868.000 1667.000 Ok 0.041861
453 67.00000 3.00000 Edge 9734.500 1667.000 Ok 0.050393
454 67.00000 73.00000 Edge 9734.500 1667.000 Ok 0.048959
455 77.00000 3.00000 Interior 9868.000 1667.000 Ok 0.044608
456 77.00000 73.00000 Edge 9734.500 1667.000 Ok 0.042820
457 87.00000 3.00000 Interior 9868.000 1667.000 Ok 0.044646
458 87.00000 73.00000 Edge 9734.500 1667.000 Ok 0.042442
452
Table 3.161
. Concrete Slab Design – Punching Shear Data of LRFD
Point GlobalX GlobalY Location Perimeter Depth Status Ratio
m m mm mm
427 7.00000 73.00000 Interior 7868.000 967.000 Ok 0.272905
428 157.00000 73.00000 Interior 7868.000 967.000 Ok 0.266487
429 157.00000 3.00000 Interior 7868.000 967.000 Ok 0.360480
430 7.00000 3.00000 Interior 7868.000 967.000 Ok 0.361626
431 7.00000 33.00000 Interior 7868.000 967.000 Ok 0.101583
432 7.00000 43.00000 Interior 7868.000 967.000 Ok 0.105045
433 157.00000 33.00000 Interior 7868.000 967.000 Ok 0.096024
434 157.00000 43.00000 Interior 7868.000 967.000 Ok 0.099959
435 7.00000 13.00000 Interior 7868.000 967.000 Ok 0.331562
436 7.00000 23.00000 Interior 7868.000 967.000 Ok 0.303559
437 7.00000 53.00000 Interior 7868.000 967.000 Ok 0.301130
438 7.00000 63.00000 Interior 7868.000 967.000 Ok 0.302670
439 157.00000 63.00000 Interior 7868.000 967.000 Ok 0.297928
440 157.00000 53.00000 Interior 7868.000 967.000 Ok 0.295894
441 157.00000 13.00000 Interior 7868.000 967.000 Ok 0.327090
442 157.00000 23.00000 Interior 7868.000 967.000 Ok 0.298085
443 17.00000 3.00000 Interior 7468.000 967.000 Ok 0.069012
444 17.00000 73.00000 Interior 7468.000 967.000 Ok 0.109509
445 27.00000 3.00000 Interior 7468.000 967.000 Ok 0.059462
446 27.00000 73.00000 Interior 7468.000 967.000 Ok 0.091134
447 37.00000 3.00000 Interior 7468.000 967.000 Ok 0.069012
448 37.00000 73.00000 Edge 8234.500 967.000 Ok 0.074887
449 47.00000 3.00000 Interior 7468.000 967.000 Ok 0.058905
450 47.00000 73.00000 Edge 8234.500 967.000 Ok 0.060821
451 57.00000 3.00000 Interior 7468.000 967.000 Ok 0.064729
452 57.00000 73.00000 Edge 8234.500 967.000 Ok 0.058579
453 67.00000 3.00000 Edge 8234.500 967.000 Ok 0.068843
454 67.00000 73.00000 Edge 8234.500 967.000 Ok 0.066527
455 77.00000 3.00000 Edge 8234.500 967.000 Ok 0.062395
456 77.00000 73.00000 Edge 8234.500 967.000 Ok 0.059911
457 87.00000 3.00000 Edge 8234.500 967.000 Ok 0.062307
458 87.00000 73.00000 Edge 8234.500 967.000 Ok 0.059578
459 97.00000 3.00000 Edge 8234.500 967.000 Ok 0.068798
460 97.00000 73.00000 Edge 8234.500 967.000 Ok 0.066270
461 107.00000 3.00000 Interior 7468.000 967.000 Ok 0.064660
462 107.00000 73.00000 Edge 8234.500 967.000 Ok 0.060541
453
463 117.00000 3.00000 Interior 7468.000 967.000 Ok 0.058922

464 117.00000 73.00000 Edge 8234.500 967.000 Ok 0.059100
454
3.12 SERVICEABILITY CHECK

3.12.1 DRIFT CHECK
3.12.1a REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
Table 3.162
Reinforced Concrete Design Story Drifts at X
TABLE: Story Drifts Seismic Drift
Story Load Case/Combo Direction Drift Label Delta S Delta M Allowable Remarks
Roof Deck LRFD020E Min X 0.003356 469 0.003356 0.019968 0.025 Okay
Roof Deck LRFD020E Max X 0.003346 407 0.003346 0.019909 0.025 Okay
Roof Deck LRFD166W X 0.000279 474 0.000279 0.00166 0.025 Okay
4th Floor LRFD008E Min X 0.003411 97 0.003411 0.020295 0.025 Okay
4th Floor LRFD032E Max X 0.003407 97 0.003407 0.020272 0.025 Okay
4th Floor LRFD166W X 0.000212 474 0.000212 0.001261 0.025 Okay
3rd Floor LRFD020E Max X 0.00318 407 0.00318 0.018921 0.025 Okay
3rd Floor LRFD020E Min X 0.003174 469 0.003174 0.018885 0.025 Okay
3rd Floor LRFD008E Min X 0.003172 469 0.003172 0.018873 0.025 Okay
3rd Floor LRFD165W X 0.00023 404 0.00023 0.001369 0.025 Okay
2nd Floor LRFD008E Min X 0.002024 135 0.002024 0.012043 0.025 Okay
2nd Floor LRFD032E Max X 0.002023 135 0.002023 0.012037 0.025 Okay
2nd Floor LRFD165W X 0.000173 467 0.000173 0.001029 0.025 Okay
455
Table 3.163
Reinforced Concrete Design Story Drifts at Y
Roof Deck LRFD024E Max Y 0.003074 33 0.003074 0.01829 0.025 Okay
Roof Deck LRFD167W Y 0.000336 445 0.000336 0.001999 0.025 Okay
4th Floor LRFD024E Max Y 0.003412 81 0.003412 0.020301 0.025 Okay
4th Floor LRFD167W Y 0.000373 530 0.000373 0.002219 0.025 Okay
3rd Floor LRFD024E Max Y 0.003361 141 0.003361 0.019998 0.025 Okay
3rd Floor LRFD167W Y 0.000368 462 0.000368 0.00219 0.025 Okay
2nd Floor LRFD024E Max Y 0.002215 141 0.002215 0.013179 0.025 Okay
456
2nd Floor LRFD151W Y 0.000124 141 0.000124 0.000738 0.025 Okay
457
3.12.1b STEEL DESIGN (ASD)
Table 3.164
Steel Design (ASD) Story Drifts at X
Roof Deck ASD141E Max X 0.003454 259 0.0145068 0.007799 0.025 Okay
Roof Deck ASD145E Min X 0.00343 259 0.014406 0.007484 0.025 Okay
Roof Deck ASD141E Min X 0.003424 259 0.0143808 0.007375 0.025 Okay
Roof Deck ASD 197W X 0.000218 218 0.0009156 0.000823 0.025 Okay
4th Floor ASD141E Max X 0.003698 143 0.0155316 0.012839 0.025 Okay
4th Floor ASD141E Min X 0.003696 143 0.0155232 0.012512 0.025 Okay
4th Floor ASD084E Min X 0.002693 143 0.0113106 0.010072 0.025 Okay
4th Floor ASD 198W X 0.000172 143 0.0007224 0.001147 0.025 Okay
3rd Floor ASD141E Max X 0.00327 141 0.013734 0.014734 0.025 Okay
3rd Floor ASD145E Min X 0.003258 33 0.0136836 0.01391 0.025 Okay
3rd Floor ASD141E Min X 0.003255 33 0.013671 0.013696 0.025 Okay
3rd Floor ASD 197W X 0.000169 141 0.0007098 0.001071 0.025 Okay
2nd Floor ASD141E Max X 0.002237 33 0.0093954 0.009954 0.025 Okay
2nd Floor ASD141E Min X 0.002183 33 0.0091686 0.00982 0.025 Okay
2nd Floor ASD145E Min X 0.002163 33 0.0090846 0.009786 0.025 Okay
2nd Floor ASD 197W X 0.000155 33 0.000651 0.000601 0.025 Okay
458
Table 3.165
Steel Design (ASD) Story Drifts at Y
Roof Deck ASD143E Min Y 0.001857 259 0.001857 0.007799 0.025 Okay
Roof Deck ASD147E Max Y 0.001782 259 0.001782 0.007484 0.025 Okay
Roof Deck ASD143E Max Y 0.001756 259 0.001756 0.007375 0.025 Okay
Roof Deck ASD 200W Y 0.000196 218 0.000196 0.000823 0.025 Okay
4th Floor ASD143E Min Y 0.003057 143 0.003057 0.012839 0.025 Okay
4th Floor ASD147E Max Y 0.002828 143 0.002828 0.011878 0.025 Okay
4th Floor ASD143E Max Y 0.002751 143 0.002751 0.011554 0.025 Okay
4th Floor ASD 200W Y 0.000273 143 0.000273 0.001147 0.025 Okay
3rd Floor ASD143E Min Y 0.003508 141 0.003508 0.014734 0.025 Okay
3rd Floor ASD147E Max Y 0.003312 33 0.003312 0.01391 0.025 Okay
3rd Floor ASD143E Max Y 0.003261 33 0.003261 0.013696 0.025 Okay
3rd Floor ASD 200W Y 0.000255 141 0.000255 0.001071 0.025 Okay
2nd Floor ASD143E Min Y 0.00237 33 0.00237 0.009954 0.025 Okay
2nd Floor ASD148E Max Y 0.002338 33 0.002338 0.00982 0.025 Okay
2nd Floor ASD143E Max Y 0.00233 33 0.00233 0.009786 0.025 Okay
2nd Floor ASD 204W Y 0.000143 33 0.000143 0.000601 0.025 Okay
459
3.12.1c STEEL DESIGN (LRFD)
Table 3.166
Steel Design (LRFD) Story Drifts at X
460
Table 3.167
Steel Design (LRFD) Story Drifts at Y
2nd Floor LRFD036E Min Y 0.003412 33 0.003412 0.01433 0.025 Okay
2nd Floor LRFD048E Min Y 0.003411 33 0.003411 0.014326 0.025 Okay
461
3.12.2 DEFLECTION CHECK

3.12.2a REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
Figure 3.227
Deflection Check at Second Floor (Beam-87)
LONG TERM DEFLECTION OF UNIFORMLY LOADED SIMPLY SUPPERTED BEAM

BEAM 87
INPUT
1. Section Properties Unit
Width b 350 mm
Height h 500 mm
Bar Diamter b 25 mm
Number of Tension Rebar 𝑛𝑏 8 pcs
Number of Compression Rebar 𝑛𝑐 2 pcs
Stirrups Diamater s 12 mm
Clear Span L 9.25 m
Steel Cover 60
A. Material Properties
f'c 28 MPa
Concrete Cover
Yc 24 kN/m^3
fy 420 MPa
Rebars
Es 200000 MPa
B. Equivalent Loads From ETABS
Uniformly Distrubuted Load
Dead Load
Wdl 14.018 kN/m
Superimposed DL WSDL 25.447 kN/m
Live Load
WLL 16 kN/m
Total Load WT 55.465 kN/m
25
Percent Liveload Sustained
4 %
OUTPUT
I. Deflection Criteria:
L/240 kN/m
Maximum Allowable Long Term Deflection
38.54166667
L/360 kN/m
Maximum Allowable Intermediate Deflection under Live Load
25.69444444
II. Flexural Design mm
Effective Depth d 435.5 pcs
Number of Rebar n 8
𝛽1
Beta 0.85 Mpa
Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete Ec 24870.06232 mm^2
Area of Tension Rebar As 3926.990817 mm^2
Area of Tension Rebar A's 981.7477042
Modular Ratio n 8.041797298

mm
𝒙
𝒃𝒙 + 𝟐𝒏 − 𝟏 𝑨′ 𝒔 𝒙 − 𝒔𝒄 = 𝒏(𝑨𝒔)(𝒅 − 𝒙)
Locate the Neutral Axis of Cracked Section x 𝟐
185.7254163
𝒃𝒙𝟑 mm^4
+ 𝟐𝒏 − 𝟏 𝑨′ 𝒔 𝒙 − 𝒔𝒄 + 𝒏(𝑨𝒔) 𝒅 − 𝒙 𝟐
Moment of Inertia of Cracked Section Icr 𝟑
2719.471342
462
𝑏ℎ 3
𝑔 =
Moment of Inertia of Gross Section Ig 12 mm^2
3645.833333
𝑓𝑟 = 0.62𝜆 𝑓′𝑐
Modulus of Rupture of Concrete 𝑓𝑟 Mpa
3.280731626
Cracking Moment
𝑡 250 mm
Mcr 47.84400288 kN-m
II. Effective Moment of Inertia
Maximum Service Moment
Selfweight MD 149.9268906 kN-m
Superimposed Dead Load MSDL 272.1636172 kN-m
Live Load MLL 171.125 kN-m
𝟑 𝟑
𝑴𝒄𝒓 𝑴𝒄𝒓 𝑰
Effective Moment of Inertia 𝑰𝒆 = 𝑰𝒈 + 𝟏 − 𝐜𝐫
𝑴𝒂 𝑴𝒂
a. Effective Moment of Inertia due to Deadload 𝑰𝒆𝑫 2720.82045 𝑚𝑚4
b. Effective Moment of Inertia due to Deadload 𝑰𝒆𝑷 2720.481208 𝑚𝑚4
c. Effective Moment of Inertia due to Deadload 𝑰𝒆𝑫𝑳+𝑳𝑳 𝑚𝑚4
2719.957331
IV. Deflection kN/m
I. Intermediate Deflection
𝑾𝑫𝑳(𝑳𝟒 )
𝑫𝑳 𝑫𝑳 =
a. Deadload Deflection 𝟑𝟖𝟒𝑬𝒄 𝑰𝒆𝑫 mm
11.11913638
𝑾𝑷(𝑳𝟒 )
𝑷=
b. Deadload + 25% Live Load Deflection 𝑷 𝟑𝟖𝟒𝑬𝒄 𝑰𝒆𝑫 mm
12.24765055
𝑾(𝑳𝟒 )
𝑫𝑳 + 𝑳𝑳 𝑫𝑳 + 𝑳𝑳 =
c. Deadload + Live Load Deflection 𝟑𝟖𝟒𝑬𝒄 𝑰𝒆𝑫𝑳 + 𝑳𝑳 mm
15.63204366
To be use Intermediate Deflection 15.63204366 mm
II. Short Term Deflection

∆𝑳 = 𝑫𝑳 + 𝑳𝑳 − 𝑫𝑳
a. Initial Live Load Deflection mm
4.512907275
∆𝑫𝑳 = 𝑫𝑳
b. Initial Dead Load Deflection mm
11.11913638
∆𝑫 = 𝑷- 𝑫𝑳
b. Initial 25% Sustained Live Load DeflectionDead mm
1.12851417
Remarks: ADEQUATE
III.Long Term Deflection
Coefficient for Inifinite Duration 𝑖𝑛 2 mm
𝑡
Coefficient for Limited Load Duration 1.4 mm
𝑨′ 𝒔
𝝆′ =
𝜌′ (𝒃𝒅)
Compression Steel Ratio mm
0.006440857
𝒊𝒏
𝝀𝒊𝒏 =
Time Dependent Multiplier for Inifinite Duration 𝜆𝑖𝑛 𝟏 + 𝟓𝟎𝝆′ mm
1.512810241
𝒕
𝝀𝒕 =
Time Dependent Multiplier for Limited Duration 𝜆𝑡 𝟏 + 𝟓𝟎𝝆′
mm
1.058967169
∆𝐿 ∆𝑳𝑻 = ∆𝐋 + 𝝀𝐢𝐧 ∗ ∆𝑫𝐋 + 𝝀𝐭 ∗ (∆

Long Term Deflection
22.52911012 mm
Actual Long Term Deflection 22.52911012 mm
Allowable Long Term Deflection 23.92911012 mm
Remarks: ADEQUATE
463
Figure 3.228

BEAM-93
INPUT
Width b 300 mm
Height h 600 mm
Bar Diamter b 25 mm
Clear Span L 9.25 m
Steel Cover 60
f'c 28 MPa
Concrete Cover
Yc 24 kN/m^3
fy 420 MPa
Rebars
Es 200000 MPa
Dead Load
Wdl 14.138 kN/m
Live Load
WLL 11.167 kN/m
25
2.79175 %
OUTPUT
L/240 kN/m
38.54166667
L/360 kN/m
25.69444444
Number of Rebar n 7
𝛽1
Beta 0.85 Mpa

mm
𝒙
𝒃𝒙 + 𝟐𝒏 − 𝟏 𝑨′ 𝒔 𝒙 − 𝒔𝒄 = 𝒏(𝑨𝒔)(𝒅 − 𝒙)
224.3416662
𝒃𝒙𝟑 mm^4
+ 𝟐𝒏 − 𝟏 𝑨′ 𝒔 𝒙 − 𝒔𝒄 + 𝒏(𝑨𝒔) 𝒅 − 𝒙 𝟐
3805.680599
464
𝑏ℎ 3
𝑔=
5400
𝑓𝑟 = 0.62𝜆 𝑓′𝑐
3.280731626
Cracking Moment
𝑡 300 mm
Mcr 59.05316926 kN-m
𝟑 𝟑
𝑴𝒂 𝑴𝒂
3807.733486
IV. Deflection kN/m
𝑫𝑳 𝑫𝑳 =
7.964595098
𝑾𝑷(𝑳𝟒 )
𝑷=
8.528092385
𝑾(𝑳𝟒 )
10.21751893

2.252923834
7.964595098
0.563497288
Remarks: ADEQUATE
𝑡
Coefficient for Limited Load Duration 1.4
mm
𝑨′ 𝒔
𝝆′ =
𝜌′ (𝒃𝒅)
0.003055548
𝒊𝒏
𝝀𝒊𝒏 =
1.734940297
𝒕
𝝀𝒕 =
mm
1.214458208
∆𝐿 ∆𝑳𝑻 = ∆𝐋 + 𝝀𝐢𝐧 ∗ ∆𝑫𝐋 + 𝝀𝐭 ∗ (∆

16.75536472 mm
Remarks: ADEQUATE
465
Figure 3.229
Deflection Check at Third Floor (Beam-89)

BEAM 89
INPUT
Width b 400 mm
Height h 550 mm
Bar Diamter b 25 mm
Clear Span L 9.3 m
Steel Cover 60
f'c 28 MPa
Concrete Cover
Yc 24 kN/m^3
fy 420 MPa
Rebars
Es 200000 MPa
Dead Load
Wdl 15.098 kN/m
Live Load
WLL 16 kN/m
25
4 %
OUTPUT
L/240 kN/m
38.75
L/360 kN/m
25.83333333
Number of Rebar n 8
𝛽1
Beta 0.85 Mpa

mm
𝒙
𝒃𝒙 + 𝟐𝒏 − 𝟏 𝑨′ 𝒔 𝒙 − 𝒔𝒄 = 𝒏(𝑨𝒔)(𝒅 − 𝒙)
199.8761607
𝒃𝒙𝟑 mm^4
+ 𝟐𝒏 − 𝟏 𝑨′ 𝒔 𝒙 − 𝒔𝒄 + 𝒏(𝑨𝒔) 𝒅 − 𝒙 𝟐
3642.054632
466
𝑏ℎ 3
𝑔 =
5545.833333
𝑓𝑟 = 0.62𝜆 𝑓′𝑐
3.280731626
Cracking Moment
𝑡 275 mm
Mcr 66.16142112 kN-m
𝟑 𝟑
𝑴𝒂 𝑴𝒂
3644.467984
IV. Deflection kN/m
𝑫𝑳 𝑫𝑳 =
8.704315906
𝑾𝑷(𝑳𝟒 )
𝑷=
9.567268659
𝑾(𝑳𝟒 )
12.15300748

3.448691577
8.704315906
0.862952752
Remarks: ADEQUATE
𝑡
Coefficient for Limited Load Duration 1.4 mm
𝑨′ 𝒔
𝝆′ =
𝜌′ (𝒃𝒅)
0.002527672
𝒊𝒏
𝝀𝒊𝒏 =
1.775594054
𝒕
𝝀𝒕 =
mm
1.242915838
∆𝐿 ∆𝑳𝑻 = ∆𝐋 + 𝝀𝐢𝐧 ∗ ∆𝑫𝐋 + 𝝀𝐭 ∗ (∆

19.97660079 mm
Remarks: ADEQUATE
467
3.12.2b STEEL DESIGN-ASD
Figure 3.230
INSTANTANEOUS DEFLECTION OF UNIFORMLY LOADED FIXED ENDED BEAM - ASD

BEAM B97
INPUT
Unit Unit
Area 19400 sq. mm Zx 5000 x 10^3 mm^3
d 688 mm Zy 711 x 10^3 mm^4
tw 13.1 mm J 2200 x 10^6 mm^4
bf 254 mm Cw 6440
tf 21.1 mm Wno 42400
k 36.3 mm Sw 56.6
k1 27 mm Qf 847
lx 1510 x 10^6 mm^4 Qw 2470
Sx 4380 x 10^3 mm^3 Beam Wf 152 kg/m
rx 279 mm Kx 1
ly 57.9 x 10^6 mm^4 Ky 1
Sy 456 x 10^3 mm^3
ry 54.6 mm
Equivalent Load from ETABS Material Properties
Dead Load 10.915 kN/m Steel Yield Strength 345 Mpa
Superimposed Dead Load 13.098 kN/m Modulus of Elasticity 200000 MPa
Live Load 28 kN/m Member Length 10 mm
Total Load 52.013 kN/m
IMMEDIATE DEFLECTION
a. Dead Load Defection
𝑊𝐷𝐿 𝐿4
𝐷𝐿 = 𝐷𝐿 = 4.485116584
384𝐸
468
Figure 3.231

BEAM B478
INPUT
Unit Unit
Area 15900 sq. mm Zx 4000 x 10^3 mm^3
d 678 mm Zy 544 x 10^3 mm^4
tw 11.7 mm J 1170 x 10^6 mm^4
bf 254 mm Cw 4810
tf 16.3 mm Wno 42100
k 31.5 mm Sw 43.3
k1 27 mm Qf 652
lx 1190 x 10^6 mm^4 Qw 1980
Sx 3490 x 10^3 mm^3 Beam Wf 125 kg/m
rx 272 mm Kx 1
ly 44.1 x 10^6 mm^4 Ky 1
Sy 347 x 10^3 mm^3
ry 52.6 mm
Live Load 3.167 kN/m Member Length 10 m
𝑊𝐷𝐿 𝐿4
𝐷𝐿 = 𝐷𝐿 = 3.171940651
384𝐸
469
Figure 3.232
Deflection Check at Third Floor (Beam-107)

BEAM 107
INPUT
Unit Unit
Area 17800 sq. mm Zx 4560 x 10^3 mm^3
d 683 mm Zy 636 x 10^3 mm^4
tw 12.4 mm J 1680 x 10^6 mm^4
bf 254 mm Cw 5720
tf 18.9 mm Wno 42200
k 34 mm Sw 50.8
k1 27 mm Qf 759
lx 1360 x 10^6 mm^4 Qw 2250
Sx 3980 x 10^3 mm^3 Beam Wf 140 kg/m
rx 277 mm Kx 1
ly 51.6 x 10^6 mm^4 Ky 1
Sy 406 x 10^3 mm^3
ry 53.8 mm
Live Load 20 kN/m Member Length 10 m
𝑊𝐷𝐿 𝐿4 𝐷𝐿 =
𝐷𝐿 = 4.113338695
384𝐸
470
3.12.2c STEEL DESIGN-LRFD
Figure 3.233
INSTANTANEOUS DEFLECTION OF UNIFORMLY LOADED FIXED ENDED BEAM - LRFD

BEAM 154
INPUT
Unit Unit
Area 14500 sq. mm Zx 3280 x 10^3 mm^3
d 607 mm Zy 469 x 10^3 mm^4
tw 11.2 mm J 1120.00 x 10^6 mm^4
bf 228 mm Cw 2980.00
tf 17.3 mm Wno 33700.00
k 30 mm Sw 33.20
k1 27 mm Qf 554.00
lx 874 x 10^6 mm^4 Qw 1620.00
Sx 2880 x 10^3 mm^3 Beam Wf 113 kg/m
rx 246 mm Kx 1
ly 34.30 x 10^6 mm^4 Ky 1
Sy 302 x 10^3 mm^3
ry 48.8 mm
𝑊𝐷𝐿 𝐿4
𝐷𝐿 = 𝐷𝐿 = 10.25
384𝐸
471
Figure 3.234

B113
INPUT
Unit Unit
Area 12900 sq. mm Zx 2620 x 10^3 mm^3
d 536 mm Zy 400 x 10^3 mm^4
tw 10.9 mm J 1020.00 x 10^6 mm^4
bf 210 mm Cw 1820.00
tf 17.4 mm Wno 27200.00
k 30.2 mm Sw 24.90
k1 22.2 mm Qf 449.00
lx 616 x 10^6 mm^4 Qw 1290.00
Sx 2290 x 10^3 mm^3 Beam Wf 101 kg/m
rx 218 mm Kx 1
ly 26.90 x 10^6 mm^4 Ky 1
Sy 257 x 10^3 mm^3
ry 45.7 mm
𝑊𝐷𝐿 𝐿4
𝐷𝐿 = 𝐷𝐿 = 9.47
384𝐸
472
Figure 3.235

BEAM 108
INPUT
Unit Unit
Area 15900 sq. mm Zx 3670 x 10^3 mm^3
d 612 mm Zy 534 x 10^3 mm^4
tw 11.9 mm J 1540.00 x 10^6 mm^4
bf 229 mm Cw 3440.00
tf 19.6 mm Wno 33900.00
k 32.3 mm Sw 38.00
k1 27 mm Qf 629.00
lx 986 x 10^6 mm^4 Qw 1820.00
Sx 3210 x 10^3 mm^3 Beam Wf 125 kg/m
rx 249 mm Kx 1
ly 39.30 x 10^6 mm^4 Ky 1
Sy 342 x 10^3 mm^3
ry 49.5 mm
𝑊𝐷𝐿 𝐿4
𝐷𝐿 = 𝐷𝐿 = 9.68
384𝐸
473
CHAPTER 4: CONSTRAINT, STANDARD AND TRADE-OFFS
CHAPTER 4:
CONSTRAINT,
STANDARD AND
TRADE-OFFS
474
CHAPTER 4
CONSTRAINT, STANDARDS AND TRADE-OFFS
4.1 INNOVATION
This project is a four-storey airport terminal with isolation facility that can cater the
passengers amidst the pandemic situation. The designers installed photovoltaic glass, a technology
that enables used to absorb sunlight and convert them into electricity or heat. Also, it has a ceramic
barrier around its vicinity to prevent and control the hazards of the said calamity. Ceramic barriers
secure your property by acting as flood barrier, volcanic control devices, decreasing clean-up,
damage, and insurance claim
PHOTOVOLTAIC GLASS:
For the Photovoltaic Glass, studies show that transportation in the Philippines has the
highest share of the total final energy consumption in the years 2000-2016 with an average share
of 34.2%. According to the Department of Energy, stated in January 2021 that it is expected to hit
the peak power demand of 16,333 megawatts. In line with these challenges in the demand and
supply of power energy, the researchers considered this an opportunity to provide and support
clean and renewable energy by using Photovoltaic Glass in the design project, Aero Con
Aislamiento International Airport. Photovoltaic Glass is a new technology discovered in the 1950s
that enables the conversion of light from the sun into electricity. PV glass have solar cells that
allow the sun to generate free and clean electricity that turns the building to be a vertical power
generator. Photovoltaic panel typically vary in wattage output from approximately 250 watts to
400 watts used on larger buildings and in commercial solar projects (Hot Solar Solutions, 2020).
It also provides thermal and sound insulation that ensures the filtration of Ultraviolet Ray and
Infrared Radiation.
475
Table 4.1
Estimated Schedule of Loads
Ckt Loads No of. Units Ratings Total VA
No. (W)
1 Lighting Loads 304 100 30,400
2 HVAC (50 hp) 48 1,840 4,416,000
3 Escalator (40 hp) 3 1,840 220,800
4 C.O 435 200 87,000
5 Elevator (30 hp) 4 1,840 220,800
6 Baggage Handling System 4 3 22,080
7 Scanner 18 2 40
8 Refrigerator 20 1,587 31,740
Total Power Demand: 5,028,860
Table 4.2
Estimated Energy Capacity of Photovoltaic Glass
Photovoltaic Glass
Floor Distance Per No. Of Watts Per Glass Total
(mm) Distance Glass (W)
Apron Gate 200 5 1,000 350 350,000
(Ground Floor)
Apron Gate 200 5 1,000 350 350,000
(Second Floor)
Ground Floor 260 5 1,300 350 455,000
Second Floor 260 5 1,300 350 455,000
Third Floor 300 5 1,500 350 525,000
Fourth Floor 300 5 1,500 350 525,000
Total Energy Capacity of Photovoltaic Glass: 2,660,000
Table 4.3
Comparison of Energy Demand and Capacity of Photovoltaic Glass
Energy of the PV %
Building
Compare: 5,028,860 2,660,000 52.8947
As we can see in this table, the overall schedule of loads of the building is 5,028,860 watts
per hour. The total of photovoltaic glass is 7,600 glasses and, the energy that will generate each
glass is 350 watts. The total energy capacity of the building’s photovoltaic glass is 266000 watts.
476
Furthermore, the overall amount of energy that the photovoltaic glass can generate into the
building is 52.8947%. Since it is a commercial building, therefore, it allows buildings to
substantially improve their energy efficiency, lessen operation and maintenance expenses, and
minimize the carbon footprint by giving the same thermal insulation as ordinary glass with the
ability to generate free clean power from the sun and minimize energy consumption.
Photovoltaic Glass
Advantages Disadvantages
• Renewable Energy Source • Cost
• Reduces Electricity Bills • Weather Dependent
• Diverse Applications • Solar Energy Storage is Expensive
• Low Maintenance Costs • Uses a Lot of Space
• Technology Development • Associated with Pollution
• It also provides thermal and sound
insulation, ensuring great filtering power as
99% of UV harmful radiation and up to
95% of IR radiation can be absorbed.
• For Aesthetic
• Photovoltaic glass is easy to install because
it is no different from installing
conventional glass.
Vourvoulias, A. (n.d.). Advantages & Disadvantages of Solar Energy. GreenMatch. Retrieved

May 13, 2022, from https://www.greenmatch.co.uk/blog/2014/08/5-advantages-and-5-
disadvantages-of-solar-energy
477
CERAMIC BARRIER:
For Ceramic Barrier, it is a barrier that deploys automatically to block water ingress when
floodwater rises, without the need for power, or personnel. The ceramic barrier is lifted higher as
the water level increases, until it reaches full deployment. It is a fully engineered systems that
automatically protect pedestrian doorways, vehicle entrances and other building openings from
flood damage. With no limitation on length nor height. It can be custom designed to preserve the
aesthetics of your building. The barriers are demountable, which means they may be stored while
not in use and only deployed in the event of a flooding to blocking of vehicular way.
Figure 4.1
Sample Picture of Barrier
FloodBreak.com. (n.d.). Passive Barrier [Image].

https://secureservercdn.net/198.71.233.153/z0d.4a7.myftpupload.com/wp-
content/uploads/2021/12/1.jpg
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4.2 DESIGN CONSTRAINTS
4.2a STRENGTH CHECK

This part is used to find out how strong a material is. We compare the three
design alternatives based on their capacity ratios. The demand capacity ratio of concrete beams
computed manually. While, for the steel beams we also computed it manually, then we compare,
if the design capacity ratios were almost the same with the computer-generated values from
ETABS. Then for design capacity ratio of column were processed by ETABS and spColumn.
The rate indicates that the lower the DCR of each alternative member, the stronger and safer that
member is.
Table 4.4
Design Capacity Ratios of Critical Beam Sections
Strength Check (Beam)
Story Label USD ASD LRFD
Second Floor B77 0.962 0.778 0.876
Second Floor B23 0.965 0.603 0.906
Second Floor B180 0.913 0.702 0.941
Second Floor B189 0.969 0.645 0.761
Second Floor B177 0.952 0.832 0.835
Second Floor B40 0.964 0.914 0.629
Third Floor B98 0.881 0.905 0.694
Third Floor B17 0.948 0.89 0.905
Third Floor B89 0.88 0.725 0.791
Third Floor B34 0.969 0.845 0.876
Table 4.5
Design Capacity Ratios of Critical Column Sections
Strength Check (Column)
Story Label USD ASD LRFD
Second Floor C176 0.887 0.752 0.758
Second Floor C54 0.665 0.838 0.778
Second Floor C77 0.574 0.808 0.686
Second Floor C25 0.656 0.707 0.72
Second Floor C135 0.861 0.756 0.834
Third Floor C149 0.488 0.913 0.753
Third Floor C136 0.933 0.512 0.064
Third Floor C149 0.822 0.913 0.901
479
Third Floor C144 0.739 0.744 0.837

Third Floor C12 0.742 0.731 0.86
Table 4.6
Strength Check Trade-off
RCD USD STEEL ASD STEEL ASD
Structural Factor Label Value Rank Value Rank Value Rank
Element
Beam 40 B77 0.962 1 0.778 3 0.876 2
B23 0.965 1 0.603 3 0.906 2
B180 0.913 2 0.702 3 0.941 1
B189 0.969 1 0.645 3 0.761 2
B177 0.952 1 0.832 3 0.835 2
B40 0.964 1 0.914 2 0.629 3
B98 0.881 2 0.905 1 0.694 3
B17 0.948 1 0.89 3 0.905 2
B89 0.88 1 0.725 3 0.791 2
B34 0.969 1 0.845 3 0.876 2
Column 60 C176 0.887 1 0.752 3 0.758 2
C54 0.665 3 0.838 1 0.778 2
C77 0.574 3 0.808 1 0.686 2
C25 0.656 3 0.707 2 0.72 1
C135 0.861 1 0.756 3 0.834 2
C149 0.488 3 0.913 1 0.753 2
C136 0.933 1 0.512 2 0.064 3
C149 0.822 3 0.913 1 0.901 2
C144 0.739 3 0.744 2 0.837 1
C12 0.742 3 0.731 3 0.86 1
Overall Rank 1,920 2,220 1,920
As shown in Table 4.6, each choice was ranked on a scale of 1 to 3, with 1 being
the lowest and 3 being the highest. This rate indicates that the lower the DCR of each alternative
member, the stronger and safer that member is. With RCD USD and Steel LRFD, the total Strength
Check is 1,920, while 2220 for Steel ASD. Comparing the three design methods shows that Steel
ASD governed.
480
Figure 4.2
Strength Check Summary
.
481
4.2b SERVICEABILITY CHECK

This part refers to the conditions under which a building is still considered useful.
Should these limit states be exceeded, a structure that may still be structurally sound would
nevertheless be considered unfit. It does not involve collapse or strength of a building but impair
it usefulness and stiffness. Limit states of safety and serviceability should be evaluated and
maintained to avoid excessive and unnecessary deflections, such that deformation or deflection
has little impact on the building's design and efficiency.
Table 4.7
Computed Maximum Inelastic Response Displacement along X and Y-Axis
Seismic Drift
Design Alternative X Y
ΔS ΔM ΔS ΔM
USD 0.003356 0.0199682 0.003074 0.01829
ASD 0.003454 0.014507 0.001857 0.007799
LRFD 0.003571 0.014998 0.002085 0.008757
Wind Drift
Design Alternative X Y
ΔS ΔM ΔS ΔM
USD 0.000279 0.0016601 0.000336 0.001999
ASD 0.000218 0.000916 0.000196 0.000823
LRFD 0.000434 0.001823 0.000363 0.001525
Table 4.8
Serviceability Check Trade-off
Serviceability Axis Factor Label RCD USD SSD ASD SSD LRFD
Criteria Value Rank Value Rank Value Rank
Vertical Deflection of 16.66 B87 22.529 1 6.074 3 10.25 2
Beam
Vertical Deflection of 16.66 B89 19.977 1 4.024 3 8.03 2
Beam
Seismic Drift X 16.66 0.019968 1 0.014507 3 0.014998 2
Y 16.66 0.01829 1 0.007799 3 0.008757 2
Wind Drift X 16.66 0.00166 1 0.000916 3 0.001823 2
Y 16.66 0.001999 1 0.000823 3 0.001525 2
Overall Rank 99.96 299.88 199.92
482
As shown in Table 4.8, each choice was ranked on a scale of 1 to 3, with 1 being the lowest
and 3 being the highest. With RCD USD the total Serviceability Check is 99.96, while 299.88 for
for Steel ASD and 199.92 for Steel LRFD. Comparing the three design alternatives shows that
Steel ASD governed.
Figure 4.3
Serviceability Check Summary
483
4.2c ECONOMIC COST

In this part, it is related to the project budget and resource allocation. This
constraint is usually used to guide design technology and building material selection. The main
goal is to save money on the building so that the best design may be presented while keeping the
client's budget in mind. Material, labor, and manufacturing costs are all factored into the cost
estimate. PHP will be the unit of measurement.
Table 4.9
Pricelist of Construction Materials
Classification Activity Material Description Quantity Unit Unit Cost
Structural Formwork Ordinary 1/2″ x 4′ x 8′ 1 pc ₱ 520.00
Concrete Plywood
Wood Frame 1/2 1 bd.ft. ₱ 595.00
Rebar Reinforcing Deformed Grade 1 kg ₱ 22.50
Steel Bars 60
GI Tie Wire #16 1 kg ₱ 71.37
Concreting Cement Class A, 40 kg 1 bag ₱ 232.00
Sand Fine Aggregates 1 cu.m. ₱ 600.00
Gravel 3/4 1 cu.m. ₱ 800.00
Structural Construction Structural Steel- A50 1 kg ₱ 58.59
Steel Wide Flange
The prices of the construction materials used in table 3.188 were based on Philippine
Construction and Materials Prices (philcon), Capitol Steel Corporatioon and RSP Hardware &
Variety Store.
Table 4.10
Economic Cost Trade-off
Criteria Unit Reinforced Concrete Strustural Steel Strustural Steel
USD ASD LRFD
Price Rank Price Rank Price Rank
Material Cost Pesos ₱297,403,733.18 3 ₱ 445,235,842.09 2 ₱460,394,381.26 1
Labor Cost Pesos ₱148,701,866.59 3 ₱222,617,921.05 2 ₱230,197,190.63 1
Total Pesos ₱446,105,599.77 3 ₱667,853,763.14 2 ₱690,591,571.89 1
Construction Cost
Total Rank 3 2 1
484
As shown in Table 4.10, each choice was ranked on a scale of 1 to 3, with 1 being the
lowest and 3 being the highest. It shows the total cost between the three chosen design methods.
For the material cost in USD, it has a value of ₱297,403,733.18 while, in ASD it has a value of
₱ 445,235,842.09 and ₱460,394,381.26 for LRFD. For the labor cost of the three design
alternatives we got the 50% of the material cost. For USD it has a value of ₱148,701,866.59 while,
in ASD has a value of ₱222,617,921.05 and ₱230,197,190.63 for LRFD. Comparing the three
design alternatives, it shows in the total costs that the design in USD is the cheapest
Figure 4.4
Economic Constraint Summary
485
4.2d SUSTAINABILITY
In this design, sustainability is being considered by the designers. sustainable
building is one that focuses on decreasing waste and pollution while also enhancing the efficiency
of resources such as energy, water, and materials while lowering the building's environmental and
human health impacts through design, constructability, operation, and maintenance. The primary
purpose of this trade-off is to deploy technologies to deliver heating and cooling effects in a
building while reducing operating costs and improving the environment.
Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat that can be stored in a material. Steel can store
480 J/kg.K of heat, while structural concrete can store 1000 J/kg.K. As a heavyweight construction
material with a large storage capacity and average heat conductivity, structural concrete has a high
effectiveness, whereas steel has a low effectiveness (GreenSpec, 2022).
Table 4.11
Summary of the Total Heat Capacity
Sustainability Criteria Unit Design Alternative
RCD USD STEEL ASD STEELLRFD
Coefficient For Thermal Heat J/KG*K 1000 480
Weight of the Building kN 464,476.5727 360,510.9154 353,451.6983
(ETABS)
Calculated Weight kg 47,347.25512 36,749.32879 36,029.73479
Total Heat Capacity J/K 47,347,255.12 17,294,272.7 17,639,677.82
Note. GreenSpec. (n.d.). GreenSpec: Thermal Performance: Thermal Mass in Buildings. Srcnet.
Retrieved May 12, 2022, from https://www.greenspec.co.uk/building-design/thermal-mass/
Table 4.12
Sustainability Constraint Trade-off
Sustainability Criteria Unit Design Alternative
RCD USD STEEL ASD STEEL LRFD
Total Heat Capacity J/K 47,347,255.12 17,294,272.7 17,639,677.82
As shown in Table 4.12, we can see that when the specific heat capacity of concrete and
steel is taken into account, RCD USD has a total heat capacity of 47,347,255.12 J/K while Steel
ASD has a total of 17,294,272.27 J/K and 17,639,677.82 J/K for Steel LRFD. In Sustainability
486
Constraint Trade-off, comparing the three design alternatives shows that RCD governed which
means that it is highly effective.
Figure 4.5
Sustainability Constraint Summary
487
4.2e OTHERS
ENVIRONMENTAL
During the manufacturing process, structural materials use a lot of energy. In a

world with limited resources, a construction that consumes less energy and leaves a smaller carbon
footprint is considered ideal. Environmental constraints have had and will continue to have
significant implications for human advancement. They have frequently contributed or even caused
the reversal of such developments (Hughes et al., 2012).
According to Hall, J. (2021), Coal is used in steel and iron manufacturing as both a source
and a fuel. Unlike cement, emissions from the steel manufacturing process occur at many stages
Steel manufacture emits roughly 1,679 kg of CO2 while structural concrete emits roughly 622 kg
of CO2 (Carbon Clean, 2021). On the other hand, according to Brogan, C. (2021) the most effective
techniques to reduce carbon emissions from the cement sector are investigated. The cement
industry accounts for 7% of worldwide CO2 emissions, with the amount released varying
according to the materials used in manufacturing.
Table 4.13
Summary of the Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Environmental Criteria Unit Design Alternative
Coefficient For Carbon Dioxide kg 622 1679
Emissions
Weight of the Building (ETABS) kN 464,476.5727 360,510.9154 353,451.6983
Calculated Weight kg 47,347.25512 36,749.32879 36,029.73479
Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions kg 29,449,992.68 60,493,924.71 61,702,123.03
Note Hall, J. (2021, January 28). Cleaning Up The Steel Industry: Reducing CO2 Emissions with CCUS.
Carbonclean.Com. Retrieved May 13, 2022, from https://www.carbonclean.com/blog/steel-co2-emissions
Brogan, C. (2021, May 20). Best ways to cut carbon emissions from the cement industry explored.
Imperial News. Retrieved May 13, 2022, from https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/221654/best-ways-
carbon-emissions-from-cement/
488
Table 4.14
Environmental Constraint Trade-off
Environmental Criteria Unit Design Alternative
Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions kg 29,449,992.68 60,493,924.71 61,702,123.03
As shown in Table 4.14, RCD USD emits a total carbon dioxide of 29,449,992.68 kg while
Steel ASD has a total of 60,493,924.71 kg and 61,702,123.03 kg for Steel LRFD. In Environmental
Constraint Trade-off, comparing the three design alternatives shows that Steel LRFD governed
which means, fabrication of structural steel emits more CO2 than the manufacturing of concrete.
According to Dr. James Hall (2021), steel production is an energy-intensive process as it requires
high temperatures to transform iron ore into steel that causes air pollution.
Figure 4.6
Environmental Constraint Summary
489
4.3 CODES, STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATION FOR CONSTRAINTS
This design project conforms to the following codes and standards and references:
• NSCP 2015 C101-15: National Structural Code of the Philippines, 7th

Edition, Volume 1-Building Towers, and Other Vertical Structures
The National Structural Code of the Philippines is the primary design code
in the country, providing guidance to civil and structural engineers on the design
and assessment of buildings and any other structures since its first edition in 1972.
• NBCP 2015: National Building Code of the Philippines
NBCP is a national law and a national development control that sets the
minimum standards for the physical planning, design, construction, operation,
maintenance, use and occupancy of buildings.
• Steel Construction Manual of American Institute of Steel Construction

(AISC) 15th Edition 2017
15th Edition of the Steel Construction Manual will contain the latest
standards, such as the 2016 AISC Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, in
addition to new design criteria and new design tables and aids for steel building
design and construction.
• The Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines (ASEP) Steel

Handbook 1994
The information included in this publication has been prepared on

generally accepted engineering principle and provisions of applicable codes and
standard specifications for steel construction.
• Onyx Solar
Onyx Solar is the world’s leading manufacturer of transparent

photovoltaic (PV) glass for buildings. Onyx Solar uses photovoltaic glass as a
material for building purposes as well as an electricity-generating material, with
the aim of capturing the sunlight and turn it into electricity.
490
• ISO 14067, PAS 2050, and GHG Protocol Product Standard

It provides information about carbon footing standards.
• GreenSpec
It provides information about the thermal heating capacity of the different
type of materials in construction
• Simplified Construction Estimates, 2000 Edition by Max Fajardo
This book is an outline by design, with the purpose of guiding individuals
involved with estimation concerns.
• Capitol Steel Corporation
They are one of the most promising distributors of multiple types of metal
products that may be required by clients.
Reference: https://www.precioussteel.com.ph/
• Philippine Construction and Materials Prices (philcon)
They give the ultimate construction material price guide in the Philippines.
Reference: https://philconprices.com/
• RSP Hardware & Variety Store
Reference: https://www.facebook.com/RSP-Hardware-Variety-Store-
102229885727466
• Hot Solar Solution, LLC. (2020, June 4). How Much Solar Power Can My Roof
Generate? Hot Solar Solutions. https://www.hotsolarsolutions.com/how-much-
solar-power-can-my-roof-generate/
• FloodBreak | Home Of Passive Flood Barriers. (2022, April 13). FloodBreak
Automatic Flood Barriers. https://floodbreak.com/
• Rodríguez, L. (2021, March 25). Solar glass buildings: Greatest achievable idea
or science-fiction? RatedPower.Com. Retrieved May 22, 2022, from
https://ratedpower.com/blog/solar-glass-buildings/
• Qi, L., & Zhang, Y. (2017, August 31). Effects of solar photovoltaic technology
on the environment in China. SpringerLink.

491
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-017-9987-
0?error=cookies_not_supported&code=67d42cdb-d859-4be7-98cc-e0d76d536f5e
• Patience, S. (2022). “Thermal Mass”. Retrieved From
Https://Www.Greenspec.Co.Uk/ Building-Design/Thermal-Mass/
• Hall, J. (2021, January 28). “Cleaning Up the Steel Industry: Reducing Co2
Emissions With Ccus”. Retrieved From
Https://Www.Carbonclean.Com/Blog/Steel-Co2- Emissions
• Brogan, C. (2021, May 20). “Best Ways To Cut Carbon Emissions From The
Cement Industry Explored”. Retrieved From
Https://Www.Imperial.Ac.Uk/News/221654/ Best-Ways-Carbon-Emissions-
From-Cement/
492
4.4 DESIGN TRADEOFFS

4.4.1 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS
As a result of the design constraints, the designers provide several trade-off criteria that
will directly affect the building's design. This compares at least different design alternatives. The
governing design will be used as the final design of this project. A sensitivity analysis for structural
members must also be included in the design. We will be using the raw designer's ranking.
𝑮𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑽𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 − 𝑽𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 𝒕𝒐 𝒃𝒆 𝑹𝒂𝒏𝒌𝒆𝒅

𝑹𝒂𝒏𝒌 = (𝟏 − | |) × 𝟏𝟎
𝑮𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑽𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆
Table 4.15
Trade-off Analysis 1
Trade-off CONCRETE STEEL
Analysis 1 USD ASD LRFD
Unit Factor Value Value Value
Rank Rank Rank
Strength - 35 1,920 8.7 2,220 10 1,920 8.7
Serviceability - 30 99.96 3.4 299.88 10 199.92 6.7
Economic Cost ₱ 15 ₱ 416,365,226.45 10 ₱ 613,330,178.92 5.3 ₱ 644,552,133.77 4.6
Sustainability J/K 10 47,347,255.12 10 17,294,272.7 3.7 17,639,677.82 3.8
Environmental kg 10 29,449,992.68 10 60,493,924.71 0 61,702,123.03 0
TOTAL RANK 756.5 766.5 612.5
As shown in Table 4.15, Steel ASD has the highest ranking among the different design
alternatives with a total rank of 766.5 This means that ASD has the highest capability to satisfy
the five design constraints.
493
Table 4.16
Rank Rank Rank
Strength - 30 1,920 8.7 2,220 10 1,920 8.7
Serviceability - 35 99.96 3.4 299.88 10 199.92 6.7
Economic Cost ₱ 15 ₱ 416,365,226.45 10 ₱ 613,330,178.92 5.3 ₱ 644,552,133.77 4.6
TOTAL RANK 730 766.5 602.5
As shown in Table 4.16, Steel ASD has the highest ranking among the different design
alternatives with a total rank of 766.5 This means that ASD has the highest capability to satisfy
Table 4.17
Rank Rank Rank
Strength - 15 1,920 8.7 2,220 10 1,920 8.7
Serviceability - 30 99.96 3.4 299.88 10 199.92 6.7
Economic Cost ₱ 35 ₱ 416,365,226.45 10 ₱ 613,330,178.92 5.3 ₱ 644,552,133.77 4.6
TOTAL RANK 782.5 672.5 530.5
As shown in Table 4.17, RCD USD has the highest ranking among the different design
alternatives with a total rank of 782.5 This means that USD has the highest capability to satisfy
494
Table 4.18
Rank Rank Rank
Strength - 25 1,920 8.7 2,220 10 1,920 8.7
Serviceability - 20 99.96 3.4 299.88 10 199.92 6.7
Economic Cost ₱ 10 ₱ 416,365,226.45 10 ₱ 613,330,178.92 5.3 ₱ 644,552,133.77 4.6
TOTAL RANK 835.5 632.5 530.5
alternatives with a total rank of 835.5 This means that USD has the highest capability to satisfy
Table 4.19
Rank Rank Rank
Strength - 20 1,920 8.7 2,220 10 1,920 8.7
Serviceability - 25 99.96 3.4 299.88 10 199.92 6.7
Economic Cost ₱ 10 ₱ 416,365,226.45 10 ₱ 613,330,178.92 5.3 ₱ 644,552,133.77 4.6
TOTAL RANK 809 540 425.5
alternatives with a total rank of 809. This means that USD has the highest capability to satisfy
495
Table 4.20
Summary of Trade-offs for Sensitivity Analysis
Summary of Trade-offs for Sensitivity Analysis
Trade-off Number RCD SSD
USD ASD LLRD
1 756.5 766.5 612.5
2 730 766.5 602.5
3 782.5 672.5 530.5
4 835.5 632.5 530.5
5 809 540 425.5
Average 782.7 675.6 540.3
As shown in Table 4.20, with all the trade-offs sensitivity analysis considered, ASD governs
twice while USD governs thrice. Therefore, the overall winning trade-off is USD with an average
of 782.7. Thus, RCD USD is the design alternatives that we will be used for our final design.
Figure 4.7
Summary of Importance Factor
496
4.5 OVERALL WINNING DESIGN
Using the sensitivity analysis and standard weighted sum matrix analysis of Alger and Hays
gave us an idea that the chosen design were the ones that met all the five design constraints. We,
therefore, conclude to use the RCD USD for our final design of the building with an average of
782.7.
497
CHAPTER 5: FINAL DESIGN
CHAPTER 5:
FINAL DESIGN
498
CHAPTER 5
FINAL DESIGN
5.1 FINAL SEISMIC ANALYSIS
5.1.1 COMPUTER GENERATED SEISMIC BASE SHEAR CALCULATION
REINFORCED CONCRETE
This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern EQy
according to UBC 97, as calculated by ETABS.
Direction = Y + Eccentricity X
Eccentricity Ratio = 5% for all diaphragms
Structural Period

[UBC 1630.2.2 Eq. 30-8]
T ≤ 1.3Ta
1630.2.2.2]
Response Modification Factor, R [UBC Table 16-N] R = 8.5

Closest Source Distance = 43.4 km
499

Cv I
RT
2.5Ca I
maximum [UBC 1630.2.1, Eq. 30-5] = = 0.129412
R
0.8ZNv I
R
Table 5.1
Previous Base Shear at X-Direction
Direction Period Used V coeff W V Ft
(sec) (kN) (kN) (kN)

X 2.353 0 348,823.7152 16,883.0678 2,781.0956
Table 5.2
Previous Base Shear at Y-Direction
Direction Period Used V coeff W V Ft
(sec) (kN) (kN) (kN)

Y 2.353 0 348,823.7152 16,883.0678 2,781.0956
500
Table 5.3
Applied Story Forces at X-Direction
m kN kN
Roof 22 2,969.628 0
Roof Deck 18 4,162.4373 0
4th Floor 14 4,067.718 0
3rd Floor 10 4,995.911 0
2nd Floor 6 3,416.5865 0
Base 0 0 0
Table 5.4
Applied Story Forces at Y-Direction
m kN kN
Roof 22 0 2,969.628
Roof Deck 18 0 4,162.4373
4th Floor 14 0 4,067.718
3rd Floor 10 0 4,995.911
2nd Floor 6 0 3,416.5865
Base 0 0 0
501
Table 5.5
Final Base Shear at X-Direction
Used (kN) (kN) (kN)
(sec)
X + Ecc. Y 0.959 0 464,476.9388 36,466.4637 2,448.0667
Table 5.6
Final Applied Story Forces at X-Direction

m kN kN
Roof 22 3,499.6541 0
Roof Deck 18 9,905.7877 0
4th Floor 14 8,707.0197 0
3rd Floor 10 8,731.782 0
2nd Floor 6 5,622.2202 0
Base 0 0 0
Table 5.7
Final Base Shear at Y-Direction
Used (kN) (kN) (kN)
(sec)
Y + Ecc. X 0.863 0 46,4476.9388 40,532.3891 2,448.0667
Table 5.8
Final Applied Story Forces at Y-Direction

m kN kN
Roof 22 0 3,625.3412
Roof Deck 18 0 11,089.741
4th Floor 14 0 9,747.6946
3rd Floor 10 0 9,775.4166
2nd Floor 6 0 6,294.1956
Base 0 0 0
502
After comparing the previous and final base shears, we therefore conclude that the
adjustment factors influence by the height of the building, soil type, its proximity to an
earthquake fault, materials to be used, etc. and others. The weight of the building includes the
structure itself plus permanent equipment and partitions, and in some cases a portion of stored
items in the building. Finally, the members also enhance the size and specifications of the
structure.
503
5.1.2 RESPONSE SPECTRUM ANALYSIS

Figure 5.1
𝐼𝑔 1(9806.65)
𝑆𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = = = 612.915625
2𝑅 2(8)
504
Figure 5.2
Figure 5.3
505
Table 5.9
kN
𝑅𝑆𝑋 36466.4579
= 𝑥 100
𝐸𝑄𝑋 36466.4637
= 99.99 % >85%
Table 5.10
kN
EQY LinStatic 40,532.3894
𝑅𝑆𝑌 40532.4676
= 𝑥 100
𝐸𝑄𝑌 405332.33894
= 100.001 % > 85%
506
5.1.3 DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

Dynamic analysis is one of the effective procedures for evaluating the seismic performance
of the building. This section presents the inputs and interpretations for dynamic analysis generated
using ETABS in accordance with NSCP 2015 Section 208.4.5.1 for checking of structural
irregularities. Also, it includes the modal and response spectrum analysis required for the dynamic
analysis of the structure.
REINFORCED CONCRETE
Modal Analysis
The type and number of modes to be recovered from the model are defined by a modal
case. There is an infinite number of modal cases that can be defined. In each modal scenario, there
are a set of modes, each of which has a mode shape (normalized deflected form) and modal
attributes (period, cyclic frequency).
This modal analysis uses the Ritz vectors based on CSI Knowledge Base. Ritz vectors
analysis offers a better basis than Eigen vector analysis. Such that it is way more efficient and
widely used for dynamic analysis as it provides accurate and faster analysis with the same level of
accuracy.
Figure 5.4
507
Table 5.11
Final Computer-Generated Modal Direction Factors
Table: Modal Direction Factors
Case Mode Period UX UY RZ
Unitless Unitless sec Unitless Unitless Unitless
Modal 1 0.959 0.997 0 0.003
Modal 2 0.863 0 1 0
Modal 3 0.67 0.05 0 0.95
Modal 4 0.356 0.023 0.001 0.976
Modal 5 0.342 0 1 0
Modal 6 0.272 0.993 0 0.007
Modal 7 0.184 0.027 0 0.973
Modal 8 0.164 0 1 0
Modal 9 0.145 0.011 0.429 0.56
Modal 10 0.145 0.014 0.022 0.964
Modal 11 0.136 0.554 0 0.445
Modal 12 0.129 0.705 0 0.295
Figure 5.5
508
Figure 5.6
In Mode 2, the Y-Axis governs with 100% displacement in the period of 0.863 seconds.
Figure 5.7
In Mode 3, the Z-Axis governs with 95% rotation, while 0.5% displacement at X-Axis in
the period of 0.67 seconds
509
5.2 FINAL STRUCTURAL DESIGN DRAWINGS
5.2.1 FINAL STRUCTURAL PLAN

Figure 5.8
General Construction Notes-1
GENERAL CONSTRUCTION NOTES

A. GENERAL NOTES: E. NOTES ON CONCRETE SLAB BETWEEN THESE WELDS OR SPLICES OF ADJACENT BARS IS NOT LESS THAN 600mm.
1. CONSTRUCTION NOTES AND TYPICAL DETAILS APPLY TO ALL DRAWING UNLESS OTHERWISE SHOWN OR 1. ALL REINFORCEMENTS SHALL BE PROVIDED WITH 20mm CLEAR CONCRETE COVER EXCEPT FOR SLAB ON
NOTED MODIFY TYPICAL DETAILS AS DIRECTED TO MEET SPECIAL CONDITIONS. GRADE WHERE REINFORCEMENT SHOULD BE PLACED AT THE CENTER OF THE SLAB THICKNESS.
2. IN THE INTERPRETATION OF THE DRAWING, INDICATED DIMENSIONS SHALL GOVERN AND DISTANCES SHALL 2. TEMPERATURE BARS OF SUSPENDED SLABS SHALL BE PLACED ABOVE THE MAIN REINFORCEMENT AT
NOT BE SCALED FOR CONSTRUCTION PURPOSES. MIDSPAN AND SHALL BE BELOW THE MAIN REINFORCEMENT AT THE SUPPORTS
3. IN REFERENCE TO OTHER DRAWINGS, SEE ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS FOR DEPRESSIONS IN FLOOR SLABS, 3. UNLESS OTHERWISE DETAILED IN CONTINUOUS SLABS HAVING SAME REINFORCEMENTS RUNNING IN ONE
OPENING IN THE WALLS AND SLABS, INTERIOR PARTITIONS, LOCATION OF DRAINS ETC. DIRECTION, REINFORCING BARS SHALL BE BENT UP OR EXTENDED AS SHOWN IN FIGURE 1
4. ALL CONCRETE WORKS SHALL BE DONE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE ACI.318.95 BUILDING CODE
REQUIREMENTS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE AND ALL STRUCTURAL STEEL WORK ACCORDANCE WITH AISC L1 L2
SPECIFICATION (9TH EDITION) IN SO FAR AS THEY DO NOT CONFLICT WITH THE LOCAL BUILDING CODE L 1/3 L 1/3 L 2/3
REQUIREMENT.
5. ACII REFERS TO AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE, AISC TO AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
AND ASTM TO AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING MATERIALS.
6. SHOP DRAWINGS WITH ERECTION AND PLACING DIAGRAMS OF ALL STRUCTURAL STEELS, MISCELLANEOUS
IRON, PRE-CAST CONCRETE, ETC. SHALL BE SUBMITTED FOR ENGINEERS APPROVAL BEFORE FABRICATION.
7. CONTRACTOR SHALL NOTE AND PROVIDE ALL MISCELLANEOUS CURBS, SILLS, TOOLS, EQUIPMENTS AND L 1/6 L 1/5 L 2/5
MECHANICAL BASES THAT ARE REQUIRED BY THE ARCHITECTURAL, ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL
DRAWINGS.
8. ALL RESULTS OF MATERIAL TESTING FOR CONCRETE REINFORCING BARS & STRUCTURAL STEEL MUST BE
TYPICAL BAR BENDING AND CUTTING DETAILS FOR SLAB:
4. IF SLABS AR E REINFORCED BOTHWAYS BARS ALONG THE SHORTER SPAN SHALL BE PLACED BELOW THOSE
NOTED & APPROVED BY THE STRUCTURAL DESIGNER.
ALONE THE LONG SPAN AT THE CENTER AND OVER THE LONGER SPAN FOR REINFORCING BARS NEAR THE
SUPPORTS. THE SPACING OF THE BARS AT THE COLUMN STRIPS 4. TEMPERATURE BARS FOR SLAB SHALL BE
GENERALLY PLACED NEAR THE FACE IN TENSION AND SHALL NOT BE MORE THAN ONE AND A HALF ( 1 1/2)
B. FOUNDATION NOTES:
SLAB THICKNESS.
1. ALL FOOTINGS WERE DESIGNED BASED ON THE ALLOWABLE SOIL BEARING CAPACITY OF 240.38 kPA. THE
5. TEMPERATURE BARS FOR SLAB SHALL BE GENERALLY PLACED NEAR THE FACE IN TENSION AND SHALL NOT
CONTRACTOR SHALL REPORT IN WRITING TO THE DESIGNER THE ACTUAL SOIL CONDITION AT THE LEVEL OF
BE LESS THAN 0.0025 X GROSS-SECTIONAL AREA (Ag) OF THE SLAB. ( SEE SCHEDULE BELOW)
THE FOOTING AND CONFIRM THE ACTUAL SOIL BEARING CAPACITY BEFORE DEPOSITING CONCRETE.
2. NO FOOTING SHALL REST ON UNCOMPACTED FILL NOR LOOSE SOIL. ALL FOOTINGS SHOULD REST AT LEAST
SCHEDULE OF MINIMUM SLAB REINFORCEMENT
1.0 BELOW THE GROUND. THE MINIMUM CONCRETE PROTECTION FOR REINFORCEMENTS SHALL BE 75mm
CLEAR. THICKNESS MINIMUM TEMPERATURE BARS
3. ALL COLUMN REINFORCEMENTS SHALL REST ABOVE THE BOTTOM REINFORCEMENTS OF THE FOOTING WITH
100 mm 10 mm Ø 250 mm EACH WAY
90-DEGREE BEND PLUS 12 TIMES BAR DIAMETER EXTENSION AT THE FREE END BUT NOT LESS THAN 300MM.
HOOPS IN THE COLUMN SHALL CONTINUE BELOW THE TOP OF THE FOOTING AT 0.10MOC. 125 mm 10 mm Ø 225 mm EACH WAY
4. THE STRUCTURAL ENGINEER-OF-RECORD, UPON NOTIFICATION, SHALL CONDUCT A THOROUGH INSPECTION
OF THE FOUNDATION WORKS AFTER EXCAVATION FOR FOOTINGS ARE COMPLETE AND ANY REQUIRED 150 mm 10 mm Ø 185 mm EACH WAY
REINFORCING STEEL ARE IN PLACE. 175 mm 10 mm Ø 150 mm EACH WAY
5. FORMWORKS SHALL BE IN PLACE PRIOR TO INSPECTION. CONCRETE POURING OF THE FOUNDATION SYSTEM
SHALL NOT BE ALLOWED WITHOUT FIRST OBTAINING WRITTEN APPROVAL FROM THE STRUCTURAL 200 mm CO
ENGINEER-OF-RECORD,
6. UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED IN THE PLANS ALL BEDDED SLAB SHALL BE REINFORCED WITH 10 mm Ø
C. CONCRETE NOTES: AT 250mm O.C. EACH WAY TO CENTER OF SLAB AND CONSTRUCTION JOINTS FOR SAME SHALL NOT BE LESS
THAN 3.65 METER APART.
1. UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED IN PLANS OR NOTED IN THE STRUCTURAL SPECIFICATIONS, THE MINIMUM 28
7. .PROVIDE EXTRA REINFORCEMENTS FOR CORNER SLAB ( TWO ADJACENT DISCONTINUOUS EDGES) AS
DAYS COMPRESSIVE CYLINDER STRENGTH OF CONCRETE SHALL BE AS FOLLOWS:
SHOWN BELOW.
8. CONCRETE SLAB REINFORCEMENT BE PROPERLY SUPPORTED WITH 10mm STEEL CHAIR OR APPROVED
ALL OTHERS, INCLUDING f'c = 28 MPa (4061 PSI)
EQUIVALENT SPACED AT 1.0 METER ON CENTER BOTHWAYS.
SUSPENDED SLAB
COLUMNS f'c = 28 MPa (4061 PSI) G. NOTES ON GIRDERS AND BEAMS
BEAMS, SLAB f'c = 28 MPa (4061 PSI)
1. UNLESS, OTHERWISE NOTED IN PLANS , CAMBER ALL BEAMS AND GIRDER AT LEAST 6mmØ FOR
SLAB ON FILL f'c = 28 MPa (4061PSI)
EVERY 4.5m OF SPAN EXCEPT CANTILEVERS FOR WHICH THE CAMBER SHALL BE NOTED IN PLANS
2. CONCRETE SHALL BE DEPOSITED IN ITS FINAL POSITION WITHOUT SEGREGATION, REHANDLING OR FLOWING.
OR AS ORDERED BY ENGINEER
PLACING SHALL BE DONE PROPERLY WITH BUGGIES, BUCKETS OR WHEEL-BORROWS. NO CHUTES SHALL
2. TYPICAL BARS BENDING AND CUTTING DETAILS FOR BEAMS SHALL BE AS SHOWN IN FIGURE 1
EXCEED SIX (6) METERS AGGREGATE LENGTH
L1
3. NO DEPOSITING OF CONCRETE SHALL BE ALLOWED WITHOUT THE USE OF VIBRATORS UNLESS AUTHORIZED
1 1 1 1
L1 3 L1 3 L2 3 L2 3
BY THE DESIGNER IN WRITING. L2
4. THE CONTRACTOR SHALL SUBMIT THE SCHEDULE OF POURING AND THE LOCATION OF THE C ONSTRUCTION
JOINTS TO THE STRUCTURAL ENGINEER AT LEAST (4) DAYS PRIOR TO THE POURING APPROVAL.
5. THE CONTRACTOR SHALL FURNISH AND MAINTAIN ADEQUATE FORMS AND SHORING UNTIL THE CONCRETE 1 1 1 1
L1 5 L1 5 L2 5 L2 5
MEMBERS HAVE ATTENDED THEIR WORKING CONDITION AND STRENGTH.
D. REINFORCEMENT NOTES:
1. UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED IN PLANS, THE YIELD STRENGTH OF REINFORCING BARS SHALL BE: 3. IF THE BEAM REINFORCING BARS END IN A WALL, THE CLEAR DISTANCE FROM THE BAR TO THE
FARTHER FACE OF THE WALL IS NOT LESS THAN 25mm. EMBEDMENT LENGTH SHALL BE SHOWN IN A
A. FOOTING fy = 414 MPa (60, 045 PSI) F. NOTES ON COLUMNS TABLE 'A' FOR TENSION BARS AND TABLE 'B' FOR COMPRESSION BARS UNLESS UNLESS SPECIFIED IN
B. COLUMNS AND SHEAR WALLS fy = 420 MPa (60, 916 PSI)
1. PROVIDE EXTRA SETS OF TIES AT 100 O.C. FOR TIED COLUMN REINFORCEMENT ABOVE AND BELOW
C. BEAMS/GIRDERS fy = 420 MPa (60, 916 PSI) PLAN. TOP BARS AND SHALL NOT BE SPLICED WITHIN THE COLUMN OR TWO STIRRUPS SHALL BE
BEAM-COLUMN CONNECTIONS FOR A DISTANCE FROM FACE OF CONNECTION EQUAL TO GREATER OF THE
D. NON-LOAD BEARING WALL PARTITIONS, PROVED AT ALL SPLICES.
OVERALL THICKNESS OF COLUMN, 1/6 THE CLEAR HEIGHT OF COLUMN OR 450mm.
SLAB ON FILL, PARAPETS, CATCH BASIN fy = 276 MPa (40, 030 PSI) 4. IF THERE ARE TWO OR MORE LAYERS OF REINFORCING BARS, USED 25mm BAR SEPARATORS
2. COLUMN TIES SHALL BE PROTECTED EVERYWHERE BY A COVERING OF CONCRETE CAST MONOLITHICALLY
2. ALL REINFORCING BARS SIZE 10mm OR LARGER SHALL BE DEFORMED IN ACCORDANCE WITH ASTM A 706. SPACED AT 1.0M ON ON CENTER ON NO CASE SHALL THERE BE THAN TWO (2) SEPARATORS
WITH THE CORE WITH A MINIMUM THICKNESS OF 40mm AND NOT LESS THAN 40 TIMES THE MAXIMUM SIZE
BARS SMALLER THAN 10mm MAY BE PLAIN. BETWEEN LAYERS OF BARS
OF COARSE AGGREGATE IN MILLIMETERS. COLUMN TIES SHALL BE PROTECTED EVERYWHERE BY A
3. BARS SHALL BE CLEAN OF RUST, GREASE OR OTHER MATERIALS LIKELY TO IMPAIR BOND. ALL REINFORCING 5. MINIMUM CONCRETE PROTECTION FOR REINFORCING BARS OR STEEL SHAPES SHALL BE AS SHOWN
COVERING OF CONCRETE CAST SLOPE MONOLITHICALLY WITH THE CORE WITH MINIMUM THICKNESS OF
BAR SHALL BE MADE COLD IN FIGURE B-2 UNLESS ELSEWHERE.
b
40mm AND NOT LESS THAN 40 TIMES THE MAXIMUM SIZE COARSE AGGREGATE IN MILLIMETERS 3. WHERE
4. BARS SHALL BE CLEAN OF RUST, GREASE OR OTHER MATERIALS LIKELY TO IMPAIR BOND. ALL REINFORCING
COLUMNS CHANGE IN SIZE ,VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT SHALL BE OFFS
t
BAR BEND SHALL BE MADE COLD.
3. WHERE COLUMNS CHANGE IN SIZE ,VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT SHALL BE OFFSET AT A SLOPE
8. IN GENERAL, BAR SPLICES SHALL BE MADE AT POINTS OF MINIMUM STRESS. SPLICES SHALL BE SECURELY
ht
MONOLITHICALLY WITH THE CORE WITH MINIMUM THICKNESS OF 40mm AND NOT LESS THAN 40 TIMES THE
t
OR 1/4
WIRED TOGETHER STAGGER SPLICES AT LEAST 600mm. WHENEVER POSSIBLE IN BEAMS AND SLABS, SPLICE
t
MAXIMUM SIZE COARSE AGGREGATE IN MILLIMETERS
D
TOP BAR AT MIDSPAN AND BOTTOM BARS NEAR SUPPORT. SPLICE OF REINFORCEMENT SHALL BE MADE
D
ONLY AS REQUIRED OR PERMITTED ON DESIGN DRAWINGS OR AS ALLOWED BY THE ACI CODE OR AS
4. UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED IN THE PLANS, LAP SPLICES FOR VERTICAL COLUMN REINFORCEMENT
AUTHORIZED BY THE ENGINEERS.
SHALL BE MADE WITHIN THE CENTER HALF OF COLUMN HEIGHT, AND THE SPLICE LENGTH SHALL BE LESS
9. BARS NOTED AS CONTINUOUS SHALL HAVE MINIMUM SPLICE LENGTH OF 40 BAR DIAMETER BUT NOT LESS THAN
THAN 40 BAR DIAMETERS. WELDING OR APPROVED 4. UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED IN THE PLANS, LAP
300mm. UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED.
SPLICES FOR VERTICAL COLUMN MECHANICAL DEVICES MAY BE USED PROVIDED THAT NOT MORE THAN
ALTERNATE BARS ARE WELDED OR MECHANICALLY SPLICED AT ANY LEVEL AND THE VERTICAL DISTANCES
510
Figure 5.9
General Construction Notes-2
I. STANDARD AND REFERENCES

L1 L2 L3 THE FOLLOWING SHALL GOVERN THE DESIGN FABRICATION AND CONSTRUCTION OF
L1/2 L2/3 L2/3 L3/3 THE PROJECT.
1. NATIONAL STRUCTURAL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES (N.S.C.P 2015) VOL. 1,

SEVENTH EDITION.
2. AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING MATERIALS (ASTM)
3. ASSOCIATION OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES (ASEP)
4. AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUE (ACI)
L1/5 L1/5 L2/5 L2/5 L3/5 L3/5 5. AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION (AISC) PUBLICATION:
MANUAL OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION, NINTH EDITION.
EXTERIOR SUPPORT INTERIOR SUPPORT INTERIOR SUPPORT EXTERIOR SUPPORT
J. DESIGN CRITERIA
L1 L2 L3
GRID GRID GRID GRID
L1/3 L1/3 L2/3 L2/3 L3/3 L3/3 LOADINGS:
· DEAD LOAD
CONCRETE---------- 24 kN/m3
STEEL------------- 77 kN/m3
200
· LIVE LOAD
EXTERIOR COLUMN OFFICE USE---------- 2.4 kPa
L1/3 L1/3 L2/3 L2/3 L3/3 L3/3 STORES------------- 4.8 kPa
EXTERIOR COLUMN INTERIOR COLUMN INTERIOR COLUMN ESCALATOR------------- 8.7 kPa
EXIT FACILITIES------------- 4.8 kPa
WATER TANK------------- 19.5 kPa
ROOF DECK------------- 1.9 kkPa
AIR COOLED------------- 0.4 kPa
TABLE 'A' TABLE 'B'

TENSION BARS COMPRESSION BARS
· WIND LOAD
TABLE OF LAP SPLICE & ANCHORAGE LENGTH (mm) BUILDING CATEGORY---------- III (SPECIAL OCCUPANCY STRUCTURES)
TABLE OF LAP SPLICE & ANCHORAGE LENGTH (mm)
WIND SPEED------------- 69.44 m/s
BAR SIZES fc`= 20.7MPa(300psi) fc`= 27.6 MPa (4000psi) BAR SIZES fc`= 20.7MPa(300psi) fc`= 27.6 MPa (4000psi)
TOPOGRAPHIC FACTOR-------- 1
(DEFORMED MM) (DEFORMED MM)
EMBEDMENT LAPPED EMBEDMENT LAPPED EMBEDMENT LAPPED EMBEDMENT LAPPED
EXPOSURE-------------- C
Ø10 300 300 300 300 Ø10 225 300 200 300
Ø12 300 300 300 300 Ø12 275 300 250 300
Ø16 300 400 300 400 Ø16 350 400 325 400
· SEISMIC LOAD
Ø20 400 550 350 500 Ø20 450 500 475 500 Cvl W (DESIGN BASE SHEAR)
V=
RT
Ø25 600 800 550 750 Ø25 550 625 550 625
2.50CaI W
Vmax = Vmin = 0.11 CalW (ZONE 4)
Ø28 750 1000 650 850 Ø28 625 675 625 675 RT
Vmin = 0.80 ZNvI W
Ø32 950 1300 850 1100 Ø32 700 775 700 775
R
WHERE: W = TOTAL DEAD LOAD
NOTES: NOTES: T = NATURAL PERIOD = Ct (h)
1. TOP PLAIN BARS, MULTIPLY VALUE BY 2 1. TOP PLAIN BARS, MULTIPLY VALUE BY 2 WHERE: C = NUMERICAL COEFFICIENT
2. NOT MORE THAN 33% OF THE BARS SHALL BE 2. NOT MORE THAN 33% OF THE BARS SHALL BE h = BUILDING HEIGHT
SPLICED WITHIN THE REQUIRED LAP LENGTH SPLICED WITHIN THE REQUIRED LAP LENGTH
I = IMPORTANCE FACTOR = 1.00
3. VALUES GIVEN ABOVE CAN ALSO BE USED FOR COLUMNS
R = NUMERICAL FACTOR = 8.50
SEISMIC COEFFICIENT Cv = 0.44 Nv
Ca = 0.64 Nv
NEAR SOURCE FACTOR (5 km) Nv = 1.0
Na = 1.0
6 WHEN A BEAM CROSSES A GIRDER , REST BEAM ON TOP OF GIRDER BARS, BEAM Z = SEISMIC ZONE = 0.40 (ZONE 4)
REINFORCING BARS SHALL BE SYMMETRICAL ABOUT THE CENTER LINE WHENEVER S = SOIL TYPE = D
POSSIBLE.
7. GENERALLY, NO SPLICES SHALL BE PERMITTED AT POINTS WHERE CRITICAL BENDING
STRESSES OCCUR, SPLICES WHERE SO PERMITTED SHALL BE INDICATED IN TABLE 'A' AND
'B'. WELDED SPLICES SHALL DEVELOP IN TENSION AT LEAST 125% OF THE SPLICED YIELD
STRENGTH OF THE BAR NOT MORE THAN 50% OF THE BARS AT ANY ONE SECTION IS
ALLOWED TO BE SPLICED THEREIN.
@ 300 O.C. 30Ø BAR 30Ø BAR
50
(MIN.) (MIN.)
H. NOTES ON CONSTRUCTION JOINTS IN CONCRETE: 40
D/3
1. WHERE A CONSTRUCTION JOINT IS TO BE MADE, THE SURFACE OF CONCRETE SHALL BE

D/3
t/3 t/3
D
t/3
CLEANED AND ALL LAITANCE AND STANDING WATER REMOVED SHEAR KEY SHALL BE
t
D/3
PROVIDE AT THE JOINT.

511
Figure 5.10
Standard Details-1
NOTE:
1. ALL SURFACES OF CONSTRUCTION

JOINTS SHALL BE ROUGHENED TO
6MM. AMPLITUDE
2. ALL CONSTRUCTION JOINTS SHALL BE
CLEANED TO REMOVE DUST, CHIPS, OR
OTHER FOREIGN MATTERS PRIOR TO
PLACING OF ADJACENT CONCRETE.
3. THE CONTRACTOR SHALL SUBMIT THE
PROPOSED LOCATIONS OF
CONSTRUCTION JOINTS FOR THE
APPROVAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
BEFORE STARTING CONSTRUCTION.
1 2
SLAB ON GRADE CONSTRUCTION JOINT SLAB ON GRADE EXPANSION JOINT
NTS NTS
NOTE:
1. PROVIDE THESE
ADDITIONAL BARS
FOR ALL OPENINGS
PLUS BARS
PARALLEL TO SIDE
OPENING EQUAL
TO THE NUMBER
OF TERMINATED
BARS BY THE
OPENING.
3 TYPICAL SLAB/WALL OPENING DETAIL

4 5 TYPICAL DETAIL FOR BEAM
TYPICAL CORNER SLAB DETAIL
NTS NTS NTS OR SLAB CHANGE SOFFIT
6 7
TYPICAL CHB FOOTING DETAILS (WHERE APPLICABLE) PIPE SLEEVE DETAIL
NTS NTS
512
Figure 5.11
Standard Details-2
NOTE:
1. CENTER TO CENTER SPACING OF PIPE

SLEEVES "S" SHALL IN NO CASE BE LESS
THAN 3 TIMES THE SLEEVE DIAMETER.
2. PIPE SLEEVES OF ALUMINUM SHALL NOT
BE EMBEDDED IN STRUCTURAL CONCRETE
3. PIPE SLEEVES SHALL NOT BE LARGER IN
OUTSIDE DIMENSION THAN 1/3 THE
OVERALL DEPTH OF THE BEAM.
4. PIPE SLEEVES SHALL BE LOCATED WITHIN
NOTE: THE MIDDLE THIRD OF THE BEAM DEPTH.
PIPE SLEEVES ARE 5. AVOID LOCATION OF MAXIMUM STRESSES.
ONLY ALLOWED ON 6. CONTRACTOR SHALL SUBMIT PIPE SLEEVE
SHADED AREA LOCATION LAYOUT FOR APPROVAL OF THE
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER OF RECORD,
PLACE SLEEVE AT LEAST 2H FROM THE
FACE OF THE SUPPORT.
8 9
PIPE SLEEVE REINFORCEMENT PIPE SLEEVE LOCATION
NTS NTS
STANDARD HOOKS, ALL GRADES
BAR SIZE FINISHED BEND STANDARD HOOKS
(GR. 60) DIAMETER, D 90° 180°
(MM) X (MM) Y (MM)
60 100
d
10mmØ (#3) 180
12mmØ (#4) 72 216 120
16mmØ (#5) 96 288 160
20mmØ (#6) 120 360 200

d
22mmØ (#7) 132 396 220
25mmØ (#8) 150 450 250
28mmØ (#9) 224 560 336
32mmØ (#10) 256 640 384

90 DEG 90 DEG 135 DEG
180 DEG
36mmØ (#11) 288 720 432
10 11 STANDARD STIRRUPS AND TIE-HOOKS

STANDARD HOOKS
NTS NTS
12 13
TYPICAL CONNECTION DETAIL OF MASONRY WALL CHB WALL OPENING DETAILS
NTS NTS
513
Figure 5.12
Structural Framing Isometric Model
S STRUCTURAL FRAMING ISOMETRIC MODEL

5
514
Figure 5.13
Foundation Plan
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R
3500 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 3500
C8 C9 C8 C8 C9 C8
1
10000
0 0
C9 C1 C9 C9 C1 C9
2
10000
0 0
C9 C1 C9 C9 C1 C9
3
10000
0 0
C9 C1 C9 C9 C1 C9
4
10000
C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3
5
10000
C4 C4 C4 C4 C4 C4 C4 C4 C4 C4 C4 C4 C4 C4
6
10000
C4 C4 C4 C6 C6 C6 C6 C6 C6 C4 C4 C4
SLAB ON GRADE
125mm THK
7
10000
DN DN
Ф16 @ 100 mm O.C

C2 C4 C4 C4 C4 C5 C5 C4 C4 C4 C4 C2
BOTHWAYS
8
10000
C2 C4 C4 C4 C4 C5 C5 C4 C4 C4 C4 C2
9
10000
C4 C4 C4 C4 C6 C6 C6 C6 C6 C6 C4 C4 C4 C4
10
10000
C4 C4 C4 C4 C4 C4 C4 C4 C4 C4 C4 C4 C4 C4
11
10000
C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3
12
S FOUNDATION PLAN
1
515
Figure 5.14
Second Floor Framing Plan
3500 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 3500
G1-A G1-A G1-A G1-A
C8 C9 C8 C8 C9 C8
1
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
G8-A
G9-A
G8-A
G8-A
G9-A
G8-A
B-1
10000
B-1
B-1
S-1 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-1 S-1 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-1
0 0
C9 G2-A C1 G2-A C9 C9 G2-A C1 G2-A C9
2
G11-A
G11-A
B2-A
B3-A
B3-A
B2-A
B2-A
B3-A
B3-A
B2-A
G9-B
G9-B
G9-B
G9-B
10000
S-2 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-2 S-2 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-2
0 0
C9 G2-B C1 G2-B C9 C9 G2-B C1 G2-B C9
3
G11-A
G11-A
B2-A
B3-A
B3-A
B2-A
B2-A
B3-A
B3-A
B2-A
G9-B
G9-B
G9-B
G9-B
10000
S-2 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-2 S-2 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-2
0 0
C9 G2-A C1 G2-A C9 C9 G2-A C1 G2-A C9
4
G11-A
G11-A
B2-A
B3-A
B3-A
B2-A
B2-A
B3-A
B3-A
B2-A
G9-B
G9-B
G9-B
G9-B
10000
S-2 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-2 S-2 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-2
G2-A C3 G2-A C3 G2-C C3 G2-D C3 G2-D C3 G2-D C3 G2-D C3 G2-D C3 G2-D C3 G2-D C3 G2-D C3 G2-D C3 G2-C C3 G2-A C3 G2-A
5
G9-A
G9-A
B1-C
B1-C
B1-C
B1-C
B1-C
B1-C
B1-C
B1-C
B1-C
B1-C
B1-B
B1-B
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-B
B1-B
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
10000
S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2
G3-A C4 G4-A C4 G4-B C4 G4-A C4 G4-A C4 G4-C C4 G4-C C4 G4-C C4 G4-C C4 G4-C C4 G4-A C4 G4-A C4 G4-B C4 G4-A C4 G3-B
6
B3-C
B3-C
B3-C
B3-C
B3-C
G11
G11
G9-A
G9-A
B2-C
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B2-B
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-B
B3-A
G11
G11
G11
G11
G12
G12
G12
G12
G11
G11
G11
G11
10000
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B3-D
B3-D
B3-D
B3-D
B3-D
G11
G11
G3-A C4 G5-A C4 G5-B C4 G5-C G5-C C6 G6-A C6 G6-A C6 G6-A C6 G6-A C6 G6-A C6 G5-C G5-C C4 G5-B C4 G5-A C4 G3-B
7
G13-A
G13-A
G13-A
G13-A
G13-A
G13-A
G9-A
G9-A
DN DN
B5-A
B5-A
B5-A
B5-A
B5-A
B5-B
B2-B
B5-A
B5-B
B5-B
B5-A
B5-A
B5-A
B5-B
B5-A
B2-B
G15
G15
10000
B5-C
B5-C
B5-C
B5-C
G13-B
G13-B
S-2 S-5 S-5 S-5 S-5 S-5 S-5 S-5 S-5 S-5 S-5 S-5 S-5 S-5 S-4 S-4 S-5 S-5 S-5 S-5 S-5 S-5 S-5 S-5 S-5 S-5 S-5 S-5 S-5 S-2
C2 G3-A C4 G7-A C4 G7-A C4 G7-A C4 G6-B C5 C5 G6-B C4 G7-A C4 G7-A C4 G7-A C4 G3-A C2
8
C2 C4 C4 C4 C4
G9-A
G9-A
B2-B
B2-B
B6-A
B6-B
B6-B
B6-A
B6-A
B6-B
B6-B
B6-A
B6-A
B6-B
B6-B
B6-A
B6-A
B6-B
B6-B
B6-A
B6-A
B6-A
G14
G14
G14
G14
G15
G15
G14
G14
G14
G14
10000
S-6 S-6
S-2 S-6 S-6 S-6 S-6 S-6 S-6 S-6 S-6 S-6 S-6 S-6 S-6 S-4 S-4 S-6 S-6 S-6 S-6 S-6 S-6 S-6 S-6 S-6 S-6 S-6 S-6 S-2
C2 G3-A C4 G7-A C4 G7-A C4 G7-A C4 G7-B C5 C5 G7-B C4 G7-A C4 G7-A C4 G7-A C4 G3-A C2
9
C2 C4 C4 C4 C4
G13-A
G13-A
G13-A
G13-A
G13-A
G13-A
G13-A
G13-A
G9-A
G9-A
B5-B
B5-B
B5-A
B5-A
B5-A
B5-B
B5-B
B5-B
B5-A
B5-B
B5-B
B5-B
B2-B
B5-B
B5-B
B5-B
B5-A
B5-B
B5-A
B2-B
G15
G15
10000
G3-B C4 G5-A C4 G5-D C4 G5-A C4 G5-E C6 G6-A C6 G6-A C6 G6-A C6 G6-A C6 G6-A C6 G5-E C4 G5-A C4 G5-D C4 G5-A C4 G3-B
10
G9-A
G9-A
B2-C
B2-C
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
G11
G11
G11
G11
G11
G12
G12
G12
G12
G11
G11
G11
G11
G11
10000
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
G3-B C4 G4-C C4 G4-C C4 G4-C C4 G4-C C4 G4-D C4 G4-D C4 G4-D C4 G4-D C4 G4-D C4 G4-C C4 G4-C C4 G4-C C4 G4-C C4 G3-B
11
C4
G8-A
G8-A
B1-D
B1-D
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-D
B1-D
B1-D
B1-D
B1-D
B1-D
B1-D
B1-D
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
10000
C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3
12
G1-B G2-D G2-D G2-D G2-D G2-E G2-E G2-E G2-E G2-E G2-D G2-D G2-D G2-D G2-D
S STRUCTURAL FRAMING PLAN FOR 2ND FLOOR

2
516
Figure 5.15
Third Floor Framing Plan
3500 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 3500
G1-A G1-A G1-A G1-A
C8 C9 C8 C8 C9 C8
1
B-1 A
B-1 A
B-1 A
B-1 A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1
B-1
B-1
B-1
G8-A
G9-B
G8-A
G8-A
G9-B
G8-A
10000
S-1 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-1 S-1 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-1
G2-A 0 G2-A G2-A 0 G2-A

C1 C1
9
9
C
C
2
B-2A
B-3A
B-3A
B-2A
B-2A
B-3A
B-3A
B-2A
G11-A
G11-A
G9-A
G9-A
G9-A
G9-A
10000
S-2 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-2 S-2 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-2
0 G2-B 0 G2-B
G2-B C1 G2-B C1
9
9
C
C
3
B-2A
B-3A
B-3A
B-2A
B-2A
B-3A
B-3A
B-2A
G11-A
G11-A
G9-A
G9-A
G9-A
G9-A
10000
S-2 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-2 S-2 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-2
0 0
G2-B C1 G2-B G2-B C1 G2-B
9
9
C
C
4
B-2A
B-3A
B-3A
B-2A
B-2A
B-3A
B-3A
B-2A
G11-A
G11-A
G9-A
G9-A
G9-A
G9-A
10000
S-2 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-2 S-2 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-2
G2-C C3 G2-C C3 G2-D C3 G2-D C3 G2-D C3 G2-D C3 G2-D C3 G2-D C3 G2-D C3 G2-D C3 G2-D C3 G2-D C3 G2-D C3 G2-C C3 G2-C
5
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
G10-A
G10-A
G10-A
G10-A
G10-A
G10-A
G10-A
G10-A
B-1C
B-1C
G10-A
G10-A
G10-A
G10-A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
B-1A
B-1A
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
G9-B
G10
G10
10000
G9-B
G3-A C4 G4-A C4 G4-A C4 G4-B C4 G4-B C4 G4-C C4 G4-C C4 G4-C C4 G4-C C4 G4-C C4 G4-B C4 G4-B C4 G4-A C4 G4-A C4 G3-A
6
G11-A
G11-A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3C
B-3C
B-3C
G11-B
G11-A
G11-B
G11-B
G11-B
G11-B
G11-B
B-3C
B-3C
B-3C
B-3C
B-3C
B-4A
B-2B
B-4A
B-4A
B-4A
B-3A
B-2B
B-3A
B-4A
B-4A
B-4A
B-4A
B-4A
B-4A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
G11-A
B-3A
G9-B
G12
G12
G12
G12
10000
G9-B
G11-A
S-2 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-4 S-4 S-4 S-4 S-4 S-4 S-4 S-4 S-4 S-4 S-4 S-4 S-4 S-4 S-4 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3
G11-A
S-2
B-3A
B-3A
G3-B C4 G5-A C4 G5-A C4 G5-B G5-B C6 G6-A C6 G6-A C6 G6-A C6 G6-A C6 G6-A C6 G5-B G5-B C4 G5-A C4 G5-A C4 G3-B
7
B-5B
B-5B
B-5A
B-5B
B-5B
B-5B
B-2B
B-5A
B-5B
B-5B
B-5B
B-5B
B-5B
B-5B
B-5B
B-5A
B-5A
B-2B
G13
G13
G9-B
DN DN
G13
G13
G13
G13
G15
G15
G13
G13
G13
B-5B
10000
G9-B
G13
B-5B
G3-A C4 G7 C4 G7 C4 G7 C4 G6-B C5 C5 G6-B C4 G7 C4 G7 C4 G7 C4 G3-A C2

2
C2
C
B-2B
B-2B
B-6A
B-6A
B-6A
B-6A
B-6A
B-6A
B-6A
B-6B
B-6B
B-6B
B-6A
B-6A
B-6A
B-6A
B-6A
B-6A
B-6A
B-6B
G9-B
G14
G14
G14
G14
G15
G15
G14
G14
G14
G14
10000
G9-B
S-6
S-6
C2 G3-A C4 G7 C4 G7 C4 G7 C4 C5 C5 C4 G7 C4 G7 C4 G7 C4 G3-A C2
9
B-5A
B-5A
B-5B
B-5A
B-5A
B-5A
B-5B
B-5A
B-5A
B-5B
B-5B
B-5A
B-2B
B-5A
B-5A
B-5B
B-5A
B-5A
B-5B
B-2B
G9-B
G13
G13
G13
G13
G15
G15
G13
G13
G13
G13
10000
G9-B
G3-A C4 G5-A C4 G5-A C4 G5-A C4 G5-A C6 G6-A C6 G6-A C6 G6-A C6 G6-A C6 G6-A C6 G5-A C4 G5-A C4 G5-A C4 G5-A C4 G3-A C2
10
B-3C
B-3C
B-3C
G11-B
B-3C
G11-B
B-3C
G11-B
B-3C
G11-B
B-3C
G11-B
G11-B
B-3C
G11-B
B-3C
B-3C
G11-B
B-3C
G11-B
B-3C
B-3C
G11-B
B-3C
B-3C
B-3C
B-4B
B-2B
B-3C
B-4B
B-4B
B-4B
B-4B
B-4B
B-4B
B-4B
B-4B
B-2B
B-4B
B-3C
G9-B
G12
G12
G12
G12
10000
G9-B
G3-B C4 G4-B C4 G4-B C4 G4-B C4 G4-B C4 G4-C C4 G4-C C4 G4-C C4 G4-C C4 G4-C C4 G4-B C4 G4-B C4 G4-B C4 G4-B C4 G3-B
11
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
G10-B
G10-B
G10-B
G10-B
G10-B
G10-B
G10-B
G10-B
G10-B
G10-B
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
G8-B
G10
G10
G10
G10
10000
G8-B
C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3
12
G1-B G2-D G2-D G2-D G2-D G2-D G2-D G2-E G2-D G2-D G2-D G2-D G2-D G2-D G1-B
S STRUCTURAL FRAMING PLAN FOR 3RD FLOOR

3
517
Figure 5.16
Fourth Floor Framing Plan
3500 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 3500
1
10000
2
10000
3
10000
4
10000
G1 C3 G2 C3 G2 C3 G2 C3 G2 C3 G2 C3 G2 C3 G2 C3 G2 C3 G2 C3 G2 C3 G2 C3 G2 C3 G2 C3 G1
5
G10-A
G10-B
G10-A
G10-A
G10-A
G10-A
G10-A
G10-A
G10-A
G10-A
G10-A
G10-B
G10-A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
10000
G10
G8
G8
C4 C4
4
4
G3-A G4 G4 G4 G4 G4 G4 G4 G4 G4 G4 G4 G4 G4 G3-A
C
C
6
G11-A
C4
G11-A
B-3
B-3
B-3
B-3
G11-A
G11-A
G11-B
G11-A
G11-A
G11-B
G11-A
G11-A
B-3A
B-3A
B-4A
B-2A
B-3A
B-4A
B-2A
B-3A
B-3A
B-4A
B-4A
B-4A
B-4A
B-4A
B-4A
B-4A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-4A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
10000
G12
G12
G12
G12
G9
G9
G3-A C4 G5 C4 G5 C4 G5 G5 C6 G6-A C6 G6-A C6 G6-A C6 G6-A C6 G6-A G5 G5 C4 G5 C4 G5 C4 G3-A
6
C
7
G13-A
G13-B
G13-B
G13-A
G13-A
G13-B
G13-B
G13-A
B-5B
B-5B
B-5A
B-5B
B-5B
B-5B
B-5A
B-2B
B-5B
B-5B
B-5A
B-5A
B-5B
B-5B
B-5B
B-5A
B-5B
B-5B
B-5A
B-2B
G15
G15
10000
G9
G9
C2 G3-B C4 G7 C4 G7 C4 G7 C4 G6-B C5 C5 G6-B C4 G7 C4 G7 C4 G7 C4 G3-B C2

8
G14-A
G14-A
G14-A
G14-B
G14-B
G14-A
G14-A
G14-A
B-2B
B-2B
G15
G15
10000
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
G9
G9
B-6
S-6 S-6
C2 G3-B C4 G7 C4 G7 C4 G7 C4 C5 C5 C4 G7 C4 G7 C4 G7 C4 G3-B C2
9
G13-A
G13-B
G13-B
G13-A
G13-A
G13-A
G13-A
G13-A
B-5A
B-5A
B-5B
B-5A
B-5B
B-5B
B-5B
B-5A
B-5B
B-5B
B-5B
B-5A
B-2B
B-5A
B-5A
B-5B
B-5B
B-5A
B-5B
B-2B
G15
G15
10000
G9
G9
G3-A C4 G5 C4 G5 C4 G5 C4 G5 C6 G6-A C6 G6-A C6 G6-A C6 G6-A C6 G6-A C6 G5 C4 G5 C4 G5 C4 G5 C4 G3-A

10
G11-A
G11-A
G11-A
G11-A
G11-A
G11-A
G11-A
G11-A
G11-A
G11-A
B-3A
B-4B
B-2A
B-3B
B-4B
B-3A
B-4B
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3B
B-4B
B-4B
B-4B
B-4B
B-4B
B-4B
B-3B
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-2A
B-4B
B-3B
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
G12
G12
G12
G12
10000
G9
G9
G3-A C4 G4
G4 C4 G4 C4 G4 C4 G4 C4 G4 C4 G4 C4 G4 C4 G4
G4 C4 G4 C4 G4
G4 C4 G4 C4 G4 C4 G4 C4 G3-A
11
G10-A
G10-A
G10-B
G10-A
G10-B
G10-A
G10-A
G10-A
G10-A
G10-B
G10-B
G10-A
G10-B
G10-A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1B
B-1B
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
10000
G8
G8
C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3
12
G1 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G1
S STRUCTURAL FRAMING PLAN FOR 4TH FLOOR

4
518
Figure 5.17
Roof Deck Framing Plan
3500 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 3500
1
10000
2
10000
3
10000
4
10000
G1 C3 G2 C3 G2 C3 G2 C3 G2 C3 G2 C3 G2 C3 G2 C3 G2 C3 G2 C3 G2 C3 G2 C3 G2 C3 G2 C3 G1
5
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1B
B-1B
B-1A
B-1A
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1B
B-1B
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
10000
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G8
G8
G3-A C4 G4-A C4 G4-A C4 G4-B C4 G4-B C4 G4-B C4 G4-B C4 G4-B C4 G4-B C4 G4-B C4 G4-B C4 G4-B C4 G4-A C4 G4-A C4 G3-A
6
B-3A
B-3A
B-3B
B-3A
B-3B
B-3B
B-3B
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3B
B-3B
B-3B
B-3A
B-3A
10000
B-3B
G11
G11
G11
G11
G11
G12
G12
G12
G12
G11
G11
G11
G11
G11
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-2
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-2
G9
G9
G3-A C4 G5-A C4 G5-A C4 G5-B G5-B C6 G6-A C6 G6-A C6 G6-A C6 G6-A C6 G6-A C6 G5-B G5-B C4 G5-A C4 G5-A C4 G3-A
7
C4
B-5A 225
B-5B
B-5B
B-5A
B-5A
B-5A
B-5A
B-5B
B-5A
B-5A
B-5B
B-5B
B-5A
B-5B
B-5B
B-5B
B-5A
B-5A
10000
G13
G13
G13
G13
G15
G15
G13
G13
G13
G13
B-2
B-2
G9
G9
C2 G3-B C4 G7-A C4 G7-A C4 G7-A C4 G6-B C5 C5 G6-B C4 G7-A C4 G7-A C4 G7-A C4 G3-B C2
8
10000
G14
G14
G14
G14
G15
G15
G14
G14
G14
G14
B-2
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-2
G9
G9
C2 G3-B C4 G7-B C4 G7-B C4 G7-B C4 G6-B C5 C5 G6-B C4 G7-B C4 G7-B C4 G7-B C4 G3-B C2
9
B-5A
B-5A
B-5A
B-5A
B-5A
B-5A
B-5A
B-5A
B-5A
10000
G13
G13
G13
G13
G15
G15
G13
G13
G13
G13
B-5
B-5
B-5
B-5
B-5
B-5
B-2
B-5
B-5
B-5
B-2
G9
G9
G3-B C4 G5-B C4 G5-B C4 G5-B C4 G5-B C6 G6-A G6-A G6-A G6-A G6-A C6 C4 C4 C4 C4
6
6
G5-B G5-B G5-B G5-B G3-B
C
C
10
G11-B
G11-B
G11-B
G11-B
G11-B
G11-B
G11-B
G11-B
G11-B
G11-B
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B3-A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
10000
B-3A
G12
G12
G12
G12
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-2
B-4
B-2
G9
G9
G3-A C4 G4-C C4 G4-C C4 G4-C C4 G4-C C4 G4-C C4 G4-C C4 G4-C C4 G4-C C4 G4-C C4 G4-C C4 G4-C C4 G4-C C4 G4-C C4 G3-A
11
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1B
B-1B
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
10000
G10
G10
G10
B-1A
B-1A
G10
B-1A
B-1A
G10
B-1B
B-1B
G10
B-1B
B-1B
G10
B-1B
B-1B
G10
B-1B
B-1B
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G8
G8
B1
C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3
12
S STRUCTURAL FRAMING PLAN FOR ROOF DECK

5
519
Figure 5.18
One Way Slab Detail
MAIN REINFORCEMENTS (TOP BARS)

S/3
MAIN REINFORCEMENTS (BOTTOM BARS)
TEMP. BARS (BOTTOM)

S
S/3

TEMP. BARS (BOTTOM)
S/3 S/3 S/3 S/3
S S
NOTE: S - SHORTER SPAN OF THE SLAB

SECTION "A"
TYPICAL ONE WAY SLAB DETAIL

1
520
Figure 5.19
Slab Schedule
SCHEDULE OF R.C. SLABS - SECOND FLOOR (f'c = 28 MPa ; fy = 276 MPa)

REINFORCEMENTS ALONG SHORT SPAN REINFORCEMENTS ALONG LONG SPAN
THICKNESS
MARK TOP BARS mm (O.C.) BOTTOM BARS mm (O.C.) TOP BARS mm (O.C.) BOTTOM BARS mm (O.C.)
(mm) TEMPERATURE BARS REMARKS
CONTINUOUS END DISCONTINUOUS END MIDSPAN CONTINUOUS END DISCONTINUOUS END MIDSPAN
S-1 125 Ø 12-150 Ø 12-150 Ø 12-200 Ø 12-150 Ø 12-150 Ø 12-150 Ø 12-150 O.C. BOTHWAYS ONE WAY
SCHEDULE OF R.C. SLABS - THIRD FLOOR (f'c = 28 MPa ; fy = 276 MPa)

THICKNESS
SCHEDULE OF R.C. SLABS - FOURTH FLOOR (f'c = 28 MPa ; fy = 276 MPa)

THICKNESS
SCHEDULE OF R.C. SLABS - ROOF DECK (f'c = 28 MPa ; fy = 276 MPa)

THICKNESS
521
Figure 5.20
Column Plan
COLUMN SCHEDULE
COL. MARK
FLOOR LEVEL
C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C8 C9 C10
750
700 550 550 650 650
650
650
Ground
40 C.C
40 C.C 40 C.C 40 C.C
40 C.C 40 C.C
40 C.C
40 C.C
24-25mm Ø
Floor to
550
550
700
28-25mm Ø
20-25mm Ø
650
20-25mm Ø
750
650
16-25mm Ø 16-25mm Ø
20-25mm Ø
650
8 @ 100mm spacing; 20-25mm Ø
650
400 @ rest to O.C stirrups
Second 8 @ 100mm spacing;

8 @ 100mm spacing;
8 @ 100mm spacing;
8 @ 100mm spacing;
8 @ 100mm spacing;
8 @ 100mm spacing;
400 @ rest to O.C stirrups 400 @ rest to O.C stirrups
Floor
8 @ 100mm spacing;
SIZE 700 X 700 550 X 550 750 X 750 650 X 650 550 X 550 650 X 650 650 X 650 650 X 650
VERT. REINF. 24 - Ø25mm 16 - Ø25mm 28 - Ø25mm 20 - Ø25mm 16 - Ø25mm 20 - Ø25mm 20 - Ø25mm 20 - Ø25mm
90 DEG HOOK
TIES Ø12 @ 150mm O.C, 3/SET Ø12 @ 150mm O.C, 3/SET Ø12 @ 150mm O.C, 5/SET Ø12 @ 150mm O.C, 3/SET Ø12 @ 150mm O.C, 3/SET Ø12 @ 150mm O.C, 3/SET Ø12 @ 150mm O.C, 3/SET Ø12 @ 150mm O.C, 3/SET
CONFIN. REINF. Ø12 @ 100mm O.C, 3/SET Ø12 @ 100mm O.C, 3/SET Ø12 @ 100mm O.C, 5/SET Ø12 @ 100mm O.C, 3/SET Ø12 @ 100mm O.C, 3/SET Ø12 @ 100mm O.C, 3/SET Ø12 @ 100mm O.C, 3/SET Ø12 @ 100mm O.C, 3/SET
JOINT. REINF. Ø12 @ 100mm O.C, 3/SET Ø12 @ 100mm O.C, 3/SET Ø12 @ 100mm O.C, 5/SET Ø12 @ 100mm O.C, 3/SET Ø12 @ 100mm O.C, 3/SET Ø12 @ 100mm O.C, 3/SET Ø12 @ 100mm O.C, 3/SET Ø12 @ 100mm O.C, 3/SET
700 700 700 750

650 600
500
550
Second 40 C.C 40 C.C 40 C.C
40 C.C 40 C.C 40 C.C

40 C.C
40 C.C
Floor to
12-25mm Ø
24-25mm Ø 24-25mm Ø 24-25mm Ø
500
700
700
700
550
28-25mm Ø
600
20-25mm Ø
650
16-25mm Ø
750
8 @ 75mm spacing; 8 @ 75mm spacing; 8 @ 75mm spacing; 16-25mm Ø
Third Floor
250 @ rest to O.C stirrups 250 @ rest to O.C stirrups 250 @ rest to O.C stirrups
8 @ 75mm spacing;
8 @ 75mm spacing;
8 @ 75mm spacing; 250 @ rest to O.C stirrups
8 @ 75mm spacing;
SIZE 700 X 700 700 X 700 700 X 700 650 X 650 600 X 600 550 X 550 750 X 750 500 X 500
650 600 650

550 550
40 C.C 40 C.C 40 C.C

40 C.C 40 C.C
Third Floor
550
550
600
20-25mm Ø 20-25mm Ø
650
650
16-25mm Ø
16-25mm Ø 16-25mm Ø
to Fourth 8 @ 100mm spacing;

8 @ 75mm spacing;
8 @ 75mm spacing;
8 @ 100mm spacing;
8 @ 75mm spacing;
Floor
SIZE 650 x 650 600 x 600 550 X 550 650 X 650 550 X 550
VERT. REINF. 20 - Ø25mm 16 - Ø25mm 16 - Ø25mm 20 - Ø25mm 16 - Ø25mm
TIES Ø12 @ 150mm O.C, 3/SET Ø12 @ 150mm O.C, 3/SET Ø12 @ 150mm O.C, 5/SET Ø12 @ 150mm O.C, 3/SET Ø12 @ 150mm O.C, 3/SET
CONFIN. REINF. Ø12 @ 75mm O.C, 3/SET Ø12 @ 75mm O.C, 3/SET Ø12 @ 75mm O.C, 3/SET Ø12 @ 75mm O.C, 3/SET Ø12 @ 75mm O.C, 3/SET
JOINT. REINF. Ø12 @ 75mm O.C, 3/SET Ø12 @ 75mm O.C, 3/SET Ø12 @ 75mm O.C, 3/SET Ø12 @ 75mm O.C, 3/SET Ø12 @ 75mm O.C, 3/SET
TOP BAR
(SEE FOOTING SCHEDULE)
2 COLUMN SCHEDULE
3 COLUMN SECTION
522
Figure 5.21
Beam Plan
Beam Schedule
BEAM SCHEDULE
Reinforcement BEAM ENDS MIDSPAN BEAM ENDS MIDSPAN BEAM ENDS MIDSPAN
Dimension
Beam Designation Ends Support Midspan Web Bars Size & Spacing of Stirrups
550
350 500 500 550
350 40 25
40 25
12
40 25 12
40 25
B D Top Top E.A Support

40 25
12 12
Bottom Bottom
40 25
12
12
G1-A G3-A G5-C
750
500
500
750
750
750
(B) Ø 12 ⍞, 1 @ 50mm, 10 @100mm,
40
40
25 12
350 500 8 4 4 8
25
12
G1-A 1 - Ø12mm
40
40
12
25
rest @100 to CL
24
12
40
40
25
25
12
12
G2-A 500 750 16 8 8 12 2 - Ø12 mm (E) Ø 12 ⍞, 1 @ 50mm, 15 @100mm,
rest @100 to CL
G3-A 500 750 12 6 4 8 2 - Ø12 mm (E) Ø 12 ⍞, 1 @ 50mm, 15 @100mm, 25

500 500
40 25
500 500
40 25
rest @100 to CL
40
40 25
12
12 12 12
G2-A G4-A
750
750
750
750
G4-A 500 750 16 8 4 12 2 - Ø12 mm (E) Ø 12 ⍞, 1 @ 50mm, 15 @100mm,
rest @100 to CL
40
40
40
40
25
25
12
25
12
12
25
12
G5-A 550 750 8 4 4 8 2 - Ø12 mm (B) Ø 12 ⍞, 1 @ 50mm, 10 @150mm,
rest @150 to CL
3 BEAM SCHEDULE
L/4 L/4
TOP BARS AT ENDS TOP BARS AT MIDSPAN
BOTTOM BARS AT ENDS BOTTOM BARS AT MIDSPAN
4 TYPICAL BEAM SECTION

523
Figure 5.22
Footing Details
3500 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 3500
28200
1
10000
2
Ø36@100 mm B.B
Ø36@100 mm T.B
SCHEDULE OF MAT FOOTING
Ø36@100 mm T.B
Ø36@100 mm B.B
10000
F'c = 28 Kpa, Fy = 414 N/mm^2
F'c = 35 N/mm^2, Fy = 420 MPa

40000
DIMENSION REINFORCEMENT
3 FOOTING
Ly Along Lx Ømm Along Ly Ømm
10000
THICKNESS Lx
Ø36@100 mm B.B
Ø36@100 mm B.B
Top Bar Bottom Bar Top Bar Bottom Bar
4 1 2500 mm 161.7m 74.7m Ø36-100 Ø36-100 Ø36-100 Ø36-100

10000
Ø36@100 mm T.B
Ø36@100 mm T.B
2 2500 mm 28.2 m 40 m Ø36-100 Ø36-100 Ø36-100 Ø36-100

5
10000
3 2500 mm 28.2 m 40 m Ø36-100 Ø36-100 Ø36-100 Ø36-100
6
10000
7 LEGENDS
10000
SYMBOL DESCRIPTION
8
Ø36@100 mm T.B
Ø36@100 mm B.B
10000
2500mm thick HATCHED COLUMN

74700
9 TOP BAR LINE

10000
Ø36@100 mm T.B
BOTTOM BAR LINE

10
10000
Ø36@100 mm B.B GRID LINE
11
10000
12
161700
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
GRID LINE
COLUMN
COLUMN REBARS
TOP BAR
SLAB ON GRADE
1000
COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN
TOP BARS
(SEE THE SCHEDULE
ALONG Ly) SLAB ON GRADE
BOTTOM BAR
1000

114700
BOTTOM BARS
(SEE THE SCHEDULE
ALONG Ly)
S FOOTING DETAILS
TOP BARS
COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN
1
(SEE THE SCHEDULE
ALONG Lx) SLAB ON GRADE
1000
BOTTOM BARS
(SEE THE SCHEDULE
ALONG Lx)
161700
524
Figure 5.23
Shearwall Details
SHEARWALL SCHEDULE
NO. OF REINFORCEMENT BARS
PIER DESIGNATION
AND SPACING OF TIES
VERTICAL BARS: 75 - Ø25
14 @ 150 mm
P1
P1
P1
MAIN TIES:
12 @ 150 mm
14 @ 150 mm
Ø 25mm CONF. REINF.: Ø12 @150mm
TIES: Ø12 @150mm
PIER 1
3.400 m
3.400 m
LONGITUDINAL TIES:
3.400 m
CONF. REINF.: Ø12 @150mm
75-Ø 25mm 75-Ø 25mm 75-Ø 25mm
TIES: Ø12 @150mm (LONGITUDINAL)
Ø12 @150mm (TRANSVERSE)
12 @ 150 mm
206-Ø 25mm 12 @ 150 mm 206-Ø 25mm

P2 20.000 m
P2 MAIN TIES:

Ø12 @150mm
PIER 2 TIES:
LONGITUDINAL TIES:
MAIN TIES:
6.667 m
PIER 3 TIES: Ø12 @150mm
LONGITUDINAL TIES:
74-Ø 25mm 74-Ø 25mm CONF. REINF.: Ø12 @150mm
P4 P4
12 @ 150 mm 12 @ 150 mm

86-Ø 25mm
86-Ø 25mm
86-Ø 25mm
P3
P3
P3
MAIN TIES:

4.000 m
4.000 m
4.000 m
Ø12 @150mm
PIER 4 TIES:
LONGITUDINAL TIES:
26-Ø 25mm 26-Ø 25mm 26-Ø 25mm

VERTICAL BARS: 26- Ø25
P5 P5 P5
1.000 m 1.000 m 1.000 m MAIN TIES:
LONGITUDINAL TIES:
6 SHEARWALL DETAILS
APPENDICES
APPENDICES
APPENDICES
GENERAL CONSTRUCTION NOTES
A. GENERAL NOTES: E. NOTES ON CONCRETE SLAB BETWEEN THESE WELDS OR SPLICES OF ADJACENT BARS IS NOT LESS THAN 600mm.
1. CONSTRUCTION NOTES AND TYPICAL DETAILS APPLY TO ALL DRAWING UNLESS OTHERWISE SHOWN OR 1. ALL REINFORCEMENTS SHALL BE PROVIDED WITH 20mm CLEAR CONCRETE COVER EXCEPT FOR SLAB ON
NOTED MODIFY TYPICAL DETAILS AS DIRECTED TO MEET SPECIAL CONDITIONS. GRADE WHERE REINFORCEMENT SHOULD BE PLACED AT THE CENTER OF THE SLAB THICKNESS.
2. IN THE INTERPRETATION OF THE DRAWING, INDICATED DIMENSIONS SHALL GOVERN AND DISTANCES SHALL 2. TEMPERATURE BARS OF SUSPENDED SLABS SHALL BE PLACED ABOVE THE MAIN REINFORCEMENT AT
NOT BE SCALED FOR CONSTRUCTION PURPOSES. MIDSPAN AND SHALL BE BELOW THE MAIN REINFORCEMENT AT THE SUPPORTS
3. IN REFERENCE TO OTHER DRAWINGS, SEE ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS FOR DEPRESSIONS IN FLOOR SLABS, 3. UNLESS OTHERWISE DETAILED IN CONTINUOUS SLABS HAVING SAME REINFORCEMENTS RUNNING IN ONE
OPENING IN THE WALLS AND SLABS, INTERIOR PARTITIONS, LOCATION OF DRAINS ETC. DIRECTION, REINFORCING BARS SHALL BE BENT UP OR EXTENDED AS SHOWN IN FIGURE 1
4. ALL CONCRETE WORKS SHALL BE DONE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE ACI.318.95 BUILDING CODE
REQUIREMENTS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE AND ALL STRUCTURAL STEEL WORK ACCORDANCE WITH AISC L1 L2
SPECIFICATION (9TH EDITION) IN SO FAR AS THEY DO NOT CONFLICT WITH THE LOCAL BUILDING CODE L 1/3 L 1/3 L 2/3
REQUIREMENT.
5. ACII REFERS TO AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE, AISC TO AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
AND ASTM TO AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING MATERIALS.
6. SHOP DRAWINGS WITH ERECTION AND PLACING DIAGRAMS OF ALL STRUCTURAL STEELS, MISCELLANEOUS
IRON, PRE-CAST CONCRETE, ETC. SHALL BE SUBMITTED FOR ENGINEERS APPROVAL BEFORE FABRICATION.
7. CONTRACTOR SHALL NOTE AND PROVIDE ALL MISCELLANEOUS CURBS, SILLS, TOOLS, EQUIPMENTS AND L 1/6 L 1/5 L 2/5
MECHANICAL BASES THAT ARE REQUIRED BY THE ARCHITECTURAL, ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL
DRAWINGS.
8. ALL RESULTS OF MATERIAL TESTING FOR CONCRETE REINFORCING BARS & STRUCTURAL STEEL MUST BE
TYPICAL BAR BENDING AND CUTTING DETAILS FOR SLAB:
4. IF SLABS AR E REINFORCED BOTHWAYS BARS ALONG THE SHORTER SPAN SHALL BE PLACED BELOW THOSE
NOTED & APPROVED BY THE STRUCTURAL DESIGNER.
ALONE THE LONG SPAN AT THE CENTER AND OVER THE LONGER SPAN FOR REINFORCING BARS NEAR THE
SUPPORTS. THE SPACING OF THE BARS AT THE COLUMN STRIPS 4. TEMPERATURE BARS FOR SLAB SHALL BE
GENERALLY PLACED NEAR THE FACE IN TENSION AND SHALL NOT BE MORE THAN ONE AND A HALF ( 1 1/2)
B. FOUNDATION NOTES:
SLAB THICKNESS.
1. ALL FOOTINGS WERE DESIGNED BASED ON THE ALLOWABLE SOIL BEARING CAPACITY OF 240.38 kPA. THE
5. TEMPERATURE BARS FOR SLAB SHALL BE GENERALLY PLACED NEAR THE FACE IN TENSION AND SHALL NOT
CONTRACTOR SHALL REPORT IN WRITING TO THE DESIGNER THE ACTUAL SOIL CONDITION AT THE LEVEL OF
BE LESS THAN 0.0025 X GROSS-SECTIONAL AREA (Ag) OF THE SLAB. ( SEE SCHEDULE BELOW)
THE FOOTING AND CONFIRM THE ACTUAL SOIL BEARING CAPACITY BEFORE DEPOSITING CONCRETE.
2. NO FOOTING SHALL REST ON UNCOMPACTED FILL NOR LOOSE SOIL. ALL FOOTINGS SHOULD REST AT LEAST
SCHEDULE OF MINIMUM SLAB REINFORCEMENT
1.0 BELOW THE GROUND. THE MINIMUM CONCRETE PROTECTION FOR REINFORCEMENTS SHALL BE 75mm
CLEAR. THICKNESS MINIMUM TEMPERATURE BARS
3. ALL COLUMN REINFORCEMENTS SHALL REST ABOVE THE BOTTOM REINFORCEMENTS OF THE FOOTING WITH
100 mm 10 mm Ø 250 mm EACH WAY
90-DEGREE BEND PLUS 12 TIMES BAR DIAMETER EXTENSION AT THE FREE END BUT NOT LESS THAN 300MM.
HOOPS IN THE COLUMN SHALL CONTINUE BELOW THE TOP OF THE FOOTING AT 0.10MOC. 125 mm 10 mm Ø 225 mm EACH WAY
4. THE STRUCTURAL ENGINEER-OF-RECORD, UPON NOTIFICATION, SHALL CONDUCT A THOROUGH INSPECTION
OF THE FOUNDATION WORKS AFTER EXCAVATION FOR FOOTINGS ARE COMPLETE AND ANY REQUIRED 150 mm 10 mm Ø 185 mm EACH WAY
REINFORCING STEEL ARE IN PLACE. 175 mm 10 mm Ø 150 mm EACH WAY
5. FORMWORKS SHALL BE IN PLACE PRIOR TO INSPECTION. CONCRETE POURING OF THE FOUNDATION SYSTEM
SHALL NOT BE ALLOWED WITHOUT FIRST OBTAINING WRITTEN APPROVAL FROM THE STRUCTURAL 200 mm CO
ENGINEER-OF-RECORD,
6. UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED IN THE PLANS ALL BEDDED SLAB SHALL BE REINFORCED WITH 10 mm Ø
C. CONCRETE NOTES: AT 250mm O.C. EACH WAY TO CENTER OF SLAB AND CONSTRUCTION JOINTS FOR SAME SHALL NOT BE LESS
THAN 3.65 METER APART.
1. UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED IN PLANS OR NOTED IN THE STRUCTURAL SPECIFICATIONS, THE MINIMUM 28
7. .PROVIDE EXTRA REINFORCEMENTS FOR CORNER SLAB ( TWO ADJACENT DISCONTINUOUS EDGES) AS
DAYS COMPRESSIVE CYLINDER STRENGTH OF CONCRETE SHALL BE AS FOLLOWS:
SHOWN BELOW.
8. CONCRETE SLAB REINFORCEMENT BE PROPERLY SUPPORTED WITH 10mm STEEL CHAIR OR APPROVED
ALL OTHERS, INCLUDING f'c = 28 MPa (4061 PSI)
EQUIVALENT SPACED AT 1.0 METER ON CENTER BOTHWAYS.
SUSPENDED SLAB
COLUMNS f'c = 28 MPa (4061 PSI) G. NOTES ON GIRDERS AND BEAMS
BEAMS, SLAB f'c = 28 MPa (4061 PSI)
1. UNLESS, OTHERWISE NOTED IN PLANS , CAMBER ALL BEAMS AND GIRDER AT LEAST 6mmØ FOR
SLAB ON FILL f'c = 28 MPa (4061PSI)
EVERY 4.5m OF SPAN EXCEPT CANTILEVERS FOR WHICH THE CAMBER SHALL BE NOTED IN PLANS
2. CONCRETE SHALL BE DEPOSITED IN ITS FINAL POSITION WITHOUT SEGREGATION, REHANDLING OR FLOWING.
OR AS ORDERED BY ENGINEER
PLACING SHALL BE DONE PROPERLY WITH BUGGIES, BUCKETS OR WHEEL-BORROWS. NO CHUTES SHALL
2. TYPICAL BARS BENDING AND CUTTING DETAILS FOR BEAMS SHALL BE AS SHOWN IN FIGURE 1
EXCEED SIX (6) METERS AGGREGATE LENGTH
L1
3. NO DEPOSITING OF CONCRETE SHALL BE ALLOWED WITHOUT THE USE OF VIBRATORS UNLESS AUTHORIZED
1 1 1 1
L1 3 L1 3 L2 3 L2 3
BY THE DESIGNER IN WRITING. L2
4. THE CONTRACTOR SHALL SUBMIT THE SCHEDULE OF POURING AND THE LOCATION OF THE C ONSTRUCTION
JOINTS TO THE STRUCTURAL ENGINEER AT LEAST (4) DAYS PRIOR TO THE POURING APPROVAL.
5. THE CONTRACTOR SHALL FURNISH AND MAINTAIN ADEQUATE FORMS AND SHORING UNTIL THE CONCRETE 1 1 1 1
L1 5 L1 5 L2 5 L2 5
MEMBERS HAVE ATTENDED THEIR WORKING CONDITION AND STRENGTH.
D. REINFORCEMENT NOTES:
1. UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED IN PLANS, THE YIELD STRENGTH OF REINFORCING BARS SHALL BE: 3. IF THE BEAM REINFORCING BARS END IN A WALL, THE CLEAR DISTANCE FROM THE BAR TO THE
FARTHER FACE OF THE WALL IS NOT LESS THAN 25mm. EMBEDMENT LENGTH SHALL BE SHOWN IN A
A. FOOTING fy = 414 MPa (60, 045 PSI) F. NOTES ON COLUMNS TABLE 'A' FOR TENSION BARS AND TABLE 'B' FOR COMPRESSION BARS UNLESS UNLESS SPECIFIED IN
B. COLUMNS AND SHEAR WALLS fy = 420 MPa (60, 916 PSI)
1. PROVIDE EXTRA SETS OF TIES AT 100 O.C. FOR TIED COLUMN REINFORCEMENT ABOVE AND BELOW
C. BEAMS/GIRDERS fy = 420 MPa (60, 916 PSI) PLAN. TOP BARS AND SHALL NOT BE SPLICED WITHIN THE COLUMN OR TWO STIRRUPS SHALL BE
BEAM-COLUMN CONNECTIONS FOR A DISTANCE FROM FACE OF CONNECTION EQUAL TO GREATER OF THE
D. NON-LOAD BEARING WALL PARTITIONS, PROVED AT ALL SPLICES.
OVERALL THICKNESS OF COLUMN, 1/6 THE CLEAR HEIGHT OF COLUMN OR 450mm.
SLAB ON FILL, PARAPETS, CATCH BASIN fy = 276 MPa (40, 030 PSI) 4. IF THERE ARE TWO OR MORE LAYERS OF REINFORCING BARS, USED 25mm BAR SEPARATORS
2. COLUMN TIES SHALL BE PROTECTED EVERYWHERE BY A COVERING OF CONCRETE CAST MONOLITHICALLY
2. ALL REINFORCING BARS SIZE 10mm OR LARGER SHALL BE DEFORMED IN ACCORDANCE WITH ASTM A 706. SPACED AT 1.0M ON ON CENTER ON NO CASE SHALL THERE BE THAN TWO (2) SEPARATORS
WITH THE CORE WITH A MINIMUM THICKNESS OF 40mm AND NOT LESS THAN 40 TIMES THE MAXIMUM SIZE
BARS SMALLER THAN 10mm MAY BE PLAIN. BETWEEN LAYERS OF BARS
OF COARSE AGGREGATE IN MILLIMETERS. COLUMN TIES SHALL BE PROTECTED EVERYWHERE BY A
3. BARS SHALL BE CLEAN OF RUST, GREASE OR OTHER MATERIALS LIKELY TO IMPAIR BOND. ALL REINFORCING 5. MINIMUM CONCRETE PROTECTION FOR REINFORCING BARS OR STEEL SHAPES SHALL BE AS SHOWN
COVERING OF CONCRETE CAST SLOPE MONOLITHICALLY WITH THE CORE WITH MINIMUM THICKNESS OF
BAR SHALL BE MADE COLD IN FIGURE B-2 UNLESS ELSEWHERE.
b
40mm AND NOT LESS THAN 40 TIMES THE MAXIMUM SIZE COARSE AGGREGATE IN MILLIMETERS 3. WHERE
4. BARS SHALL BE CLEAN OF RUST, GREASE OR OTHER MATERIALS LIKELY TO IMPAIR BOND. ALL REINFORCING
COLUMNS CHANGE IN SIZE ,VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT SHALL BE OFFS
t
BAR BEND SHALL BE MADE COLD.
3. WHERE COLUMNS CHANGE IN SIZE ,VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT SHALL BE OFFSET AT A SLOPE
8. IN GENERAL, BAR SPLICES SHALL BE MADE AT POINTS OF MINIMUM STRESS. SPLICES SHALL BE SECURELY
ht
MONOLITHICALLY WITH THE CORE WITH MINIMUM THICKNESS OF 40mm AND NOT LESS THAN 40 TIMES THE
t
OR 1/4
WIRED TOGETHER STAGGER SPLICES AT LEAST 600mm. WHENEVER POSSIBLE IN BEAMS AND SLABS, SPLICE
t
MAXIMUM SIZE COARSE AGGREGATE IN MILLIMETERS
D
TOP BAR AT MIDSPAN AND BOTTOM BARS NEAR SUPPORT. SPLICE OF REINFORCEMENT SHALL BE MADE
D
ONLY AS REQUIRED OR PERMITTED ON DESIGN DRAWINGS OR AS ALLOWED BY THE ACI CODE OR AS
4. UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED IN THE PLANS, LAP SPLICES FOR VERTICAL COLUMN REINFORCEMENT
AUTHORIZED BY THE ENGINEERS.
SHALL BE MADE WITHIN THE CENTER HALF OF COLUMN HEIGHT, AND THE SPLICE LENGTH SHALL BE LESS
9. BARS NOTED AS CONTINUOUS SHALL HAVE MINIMUM SPLICE LENGTH OF 40 BAR DIAMETER BUT NOT LESS THAN
THAN 40 BAR DIAMETERS. WELDING OR APPROVED 4. UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED IN THE PLANS, LAP
300mm. UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED.
SPLICES FOR VERTICAL COLUMN MECHANICAL DEVICES MAY BE USED PROVIDED THAT NOT MORE THAN
ALTERNATE BARS ARE WELDED OR MECHANICALLY SPLICED AT ANY LEVEL AND THE VERTICAL DISTANCES
I. STANDARD AND REFERENCES
L1 L2 L3 THE FOLLOWING SHALL GOVERN THE DESIGN FABRICATION AND CONSTRUCTION OF
L1/2 L2/3 L2/3 L3/3 THE PROJECT.
1. NATIONAL STRUCTURAL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES (N.S.C.P 2015) VOL. 1,

SEVENTH EDITION.
2. AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING MATERIALS (ASTM)
3. ASSOCIATION OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES (ASEP)
4. AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUE (ACI)
L1/5 L1/5 L2/5 L2/5 L3/5 L3/5 5. AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION (AISC) PUBLICATION:
MANUAL OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION, NINTH EDITION.
EXTERIOR SUPPORT INTERIOR SUPPORT INTERIOR SUPPORT EXTERIOR SUPPORT
J. DESIGN CRITERIA
L1 L2 L3
GRID GRID GRID GRID
L1/3 L1/3 L2/3 L2/3 L3/3 L3/3 LOADINGS:
· DEAD LOAD
CONCRETE---------- 24 kN/m3
STEEL------------- 77 kN/m3
200
· LIVE LOAD
EXTERIOR COLUMN OFFICE USE---------- 2.4 kPa
L1/3 L1/3 L2/3 L2/3 L3/3 L3/3 STORES------------- 4.8 kPa
EXTERIOR COLUMN INTERIOR COLUMN INTERIOR COLUMN ESCALATOR------------- 8.7 kPa
EXIT FACILITIES------------- 4.8 kPa
WATER TANK------------- 19.5 kPa
ROOF DECK------------- 1.9 kkPa
AIR COOLED------------- 0.4 kPa
TABLE 'A' TABLE 'B'

TENSION BARS COMPRESSION BARS
· WIND LOAD
TABLE OF LAP SPLICE & ANCHORAGE LENGTH (mm) BUILDING CATEGORY---------- III (SPECIAL OCCUPANCY STRUCTURES)
TABLE OF LAP SPLICE & ANCHORAGE LENGTH (mm)
WIND SPEED------------- 69.44 m/s
BAR SIZES fc`= 20.7MPa(300psi) fc`= 27.6 MPa (4000psi) BAR SIZES fc`= 20.7MPa(300psi) fc`= 27.6 MPa (4000psi)
TOPOGRAPHIC FACTOR-------- 1
(DEFORMED MM) (DEFORMED MM)
EMBEDMENT LAPPED EMBEDMENT LAPPED EMBEDMENT LAPPED EMBEDMENT LAPPED
EXPOSURE-------------- C
Ø10 300 300 300 300 Ø10 225 300 200 300
Ø12 300 300 300 300 Ø12 275 300 250 300
Ø16 300 400 300 400 Ø16 350 400 325 400
· SEISMIC LOAD
Ø20 400 550 350 500 Ø20 450 500 475 500 Cvl W (DESIGN BASE SHEAR)
V=
RT
Ø25 600 800 550 750 Ø25 550 625 550 625
2.50CaI W
Vmax = Vmin = 0.11 CalW (ZONE 4)
Ø28 750 1000 650 850 Ø28 625 675 625 675 RT
Vmin = 0.80 ZNvI W
Ø32 950 1300 850 1100 Ø32 700 775 700 775
R
WHERE: W = TOTAL DEAD LOAD
NOTES: NOTES: T = NATURAL PERIOD = Ct (h)
1. TOP PLAIN BARS, MULTIPLY VALUE BY 2 1. TOP PLAIN BARS, MULTIPLY VALUE BY 2 WHERE: C = NUMERICAL COEFFICIENT
2. NOT MORE THAN 33% OF THE BARS SHALL BE 2. NOT MORE THAN 33% OF THE BARS SHALL BE h = BUILDING HEIGHT
SPLICED WITHIN THE REQUIRED LAP LENGTH SPLICED WITHIN THE REQUIRED LAP LENGTH
I = IMPORTANCE FACTOR = 1.00
3. VALUES GIVEN ABOVE CAN ALSO BE USED FOR COLUMNS
R = NUMERICAL FACTOR = 8.50
SEISMIC COEFFICIENT Cv = 0.44 Nv
Ca = 0.64 Nv
NEAR SOURCE FACTOR (5 km) Nv = 1.0
Na = 1.0
6 WHEN A BEAM CROSSES A GIRDER , REST BEAM ON TOP OF GIRDER BARS, BEAM Z = SEISMIC ZONE = 0.40 (ZONE 4)
REINFORCING BARS SHALL BE SYMMETRICAL ABOUT THE CENTER LINE WHENEVER S = SOIL TYPE = D
POSSIBLE.
7. GENERALLY, NO SPLICES SHALL BE PERMITTED AT POINTS WHERE CRITICAL BENDING
STRESSES OCCUR, SPLICES WHERE SO PERMITTED SHALL BE INDICATED IN TABLE 'A' AND
'B'. WELDED SPLICES SHALL DEVELOP IN TENSION AT LEAST 125% OF THE SPLICED YIELD
STRENGTH OF THE BAR NOT MORE THAN 50% OF THE BARS AT ANY ONE SECTION IS
ALLOWED TO BE SPLICED THEREIN.
@ 300 O.C. 30Ø BAR 30Ø BAR
50
(MIN.) (MIN.)
H. NOTES ON CONSTRUCTION JOINTS IN CONCRETE: 40
D/3
1. WHERE A CONSTRUCTION JOINT IS TO BE MADE, THE SURFACE OF CONCRETE SHALL BE

D/3
t/3 t/3
D
t/3
CLEANED AND ALL LAITANCE AND STANDING WATER REMOVED SHEAR KEY SHALL BE
t
D/3
PROVIDE AT THE JOINT.

NOTE:
1. ALL SURFACES OF CONSTRUCTION

JOINTS SHALL BE ROUGHENED TO
6MM. AMPLITUDE
2. ALL CONSTRUCTION JOINTS SHALL BE
CLEANED TO REMOVE DUST, CHIPS, OR
OTHER FOREIGN MATTERS PRIOR TO
PLACING OF ADJACENT CONCRETE.
3. THE CONTRACTOR SHALL SUBMIT THE
PROPOSED LOCATIONS OF
CONSTRUCTION JOINTS FOR THE
APPROVAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
BEFORE STARTING CONSTRUCTION.
1 2
SLAB ON GRADE CONSTRUCTION JOINT SLAB ON GRADE EXPANSION JOINT
NTS NTS
NOTE:
1. PROVIDE THESE
ADDITIONAL BARS
FOR ALL OPENINGS
PLUS BARS
PARALLEL TO SIDE
OPENING EQUAL
TO THE NUMBER
OF TERMINATED
BARS BY THE
OPENING.
3 TYPICAL SLAB/WALL OPENING DETAIL

4 5 TYPICAL DETAIL FOR BEAM
TYPICAL CORNER SLAB DETAIL
NTS NTS NTS OR SLAB CHANGE SOFFIT
6 7
TYPICAL CHB FOOTING DETAILS (WHERE APPLICABLE) PIPE SLEEVE DETAIL
NTS NTS
NOTE:
1. CENTER TO CENTER SPACING OF PIPE

SLEEVES "S" SHALL IN NO CASE BE LESS
THAN 3 TIMES THE SLEEVE DIAMETER.
2. PIPE SLEEVES OF ALUMINUM SHALL NOT
BE EMBEDDED IN STRUCTURAL CONCRETE
3. PIPE SLEEVES SHALL NOT BE LARGER IN
OUTSIDE DIMENSION THAN 1/3 THE
OVERALL DEPTH OF THE BEAM.
4. PIPE SLEEVES SHALL BE LOCATED WITHIN
NOTE: THE MIDDLE THIRD OF THE BEAM DEPTH.
PIPE SLEEVES ARE 5. AVOID LOCATION OF MAXIMUM STRESSES.
ONLY ALLOWED ON 6. CONTRACTOR SHALL SUBMIT PIPE SLEEVE
SHADED AREA LOCATION LAYOUT FOR APPROVAL OF THE
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER OF RECORD,
PLACE SLEEVE AT LEAST 2H FROM THE
FACE OF THE SUPPORT.
8 9
PIPE SLEEVE REINFORCEMENT PIPE SLEEVE LOCATION
NTS NTS
STANDARD HOOKS, ALL GRADES
BAR SIZE FINISHED BEND STANDARD HOOKS
(GR. 60) DIAMETER, D 90° 180°
(MM) X (MM) Y (MM)
60 100
d
10mmØ (#3) 180
12mmØ (#4) 72 216 120
16mmØ (#5) 96 288 160
20mmØ (#6) 120 360 200
d
22mmØ (#7) 132 396 220
25mmØ (#8) 150 450 250
28mmØ (#9) 224 560 336
32mmØ (#10) 256 640 384

90 DEG 90 DEG 135 DEG
180 DEG
36mmØ (#11) 288 720 432
10 11 STANDARD STIRRUPS AND TIE-HOOKS

STANDARD HOOKS
NTS NTS
12 13
TYPICAL CONNECTION DETAIL OF MASONRY WALL CHB WALL OPENING DETAILS
NTS NTS
S STRUCTURAL FRAMING ISOMETRIC MODEL
5
3500 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 3500
8 9 8 8 9 8
C C C C C C
1
10000
C
9 10 C
9
C
9 10 C
9
C C
2
10000
C
9 10 C
9
C
9 10 C
9
C C
3
10000
C
9 10 C
9
C
9 10 C
9
C C
4
10000
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
5
10000
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
6
10000
C
4
C
4
C
4
C
6
C
6
C
6
C
6
C
6 C
6 C
4
C
4
C
4
SLAB ON GRADE
125mm THK
7
10000
DN DN
Ф16 @ 100 mm O.C

2 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 2
C C C C C C C C C C C C
BOTHWAYS
8
10000
2 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 2
9
10000
4 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 6 6 4 4 4 4
10
10000
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
11
10000
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
12
S FOUNDATION PLAN
1
3500 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 3500
8 G1-A 9 G1-A 8 8 G1-A 9 G1-A 8

C C C C C C
1
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
G8-A
G9-A
G8-A
G8-A
G9-A
G8-A
B-1
10000
B-1
B-1
S-1 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-1 S-1 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-1
C
9 G2-A 10 G2-A C
9
C
9 G2-A 10 G2-A C
9
C C
2
G11-A
G11-A
B2-A
B3-A
B3-A
B2-A
B2-A
B3-A
B3-A
B2-A
G9-B
G9-B
G9-B
G9-B
10000
S-2 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-2 S-2 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-2
C
9 G2-B 10 G2-B C
9
C
9 G2-B 10 G2-B C
9
C C
3
G11-A
G11-A
B2-A
B3-A
B3-A
B2-A
B2-A
B3-A
B3-A
B2-A
G9-B
G9-B
G9-B
G9-B
10000
S-2 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-2 S-2 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-2
C
9 G2-A 10 G2-A C
9
C
9 G2-A 10 G2-A C
9
C C
4 G11-A
G11-A
B2-A
B3-A
B3-A
B2-A
B2-A
B3-A
B3-A
B2-A
G9-B
G9-B
G9-B
G9-B
10000
S-2 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-2 S-2 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-2
G2-A 3 G2-A 3 G2-C 3 G2-D 3 G2-D 3 G2-D 3 G2-D 3 G2-D 3 G2-D 3 G2-D 3 G2-D 3 G2-D 3 G2-C 3 G2-A 3 G2-A
5
G9-A
G9-A
B1-C
B1-C
B1-C
B1-C
B1-C
B1-C
B1-C
B1-C
B1-C
B1-C
B1-B
B1-B
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-B
B1-B
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
10000
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
G3-A C G4-A C G4-B C G4-A C G4-A C G4-C C G4-C C G4-C C G4-C C G4-C C G4-A C G4-A C G4-B C G4-A C G3-B
6
B3-C
B3-C
B3-C
B3-C
B3-C
G11
G11
G9-A
G9-A
B2-C
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B2-B
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-B
B3-A
G11
G11
G11
G11
G12
G12
G12
G12
G11
G11
G11
G11
10000
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B3-D
B3-D
B3-D
B3-D
B3-D
G11
G11
4 4 4 6 6 6 6 6 6 4 4 4
G3-A C G5-A C G5-B C G5-C G5-C C G6-A C G6-A C G6-A C G6-A C G6-A C G5-C G5-C C G5-B C G5-A C G3-B
7
G13-A
G13-A
G13-A
G13-A
G13-A
G13-A
G9-A
G9-A
DN DN
B5-A
B5-A
B5-A
B5-A
B5-A
B5-B
B2-B
B5-A
B5-B
B5-B
B5-A
B5-A
B5-A
B5-B
B5-A
B2-B
G15
G15
10000
B5-C
B5-C
B5-C
B5-C
G13-B
G13-B
2 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 2
C G3-A C G7-A C G7-A C G7-A C G6-B C C G6-B C G7-A C G7-A C G7-A C G3-A C
8
C2 C4 C4 C4 C4
G9-A
G9-A
B2-B
B2-B
B6-A
B6-B
B6-B
B6-A
B6-A
B6-B
B6-B
B6-A
B6-A
B6-B
B6-B
B6-A
B6-A
B6-B
B6-B
B6-A
B6-A
B6-A
G14
G14
G14
G14
G15
G15
G14
G14
G14
G14
10000
S-6 S-6
2 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 2
C G3-A C G7-A C G7-A C G7-A C G7-B C C G7-B C G7-A C G7-A C G7-A C G3-A C
9
C2 C4 C4 C4 C4
G13-A
G13-A
G13-A
G13-A
G13-A
G13-A
G13-A
G13-A
G9-A
G9-A
B5-B
B5-B
B5-A
B5-A
B5-A
B5-B
B5-B
B5-B
B5-A
B5-B
B5-B
B5-B
B2-B
B5-B
B5-B
B5-B
B5-A
B5-B
B5-A
B2-B
G15
G15
10000
G3-B 4 G5-A 4 G5-D 4 G5-A 4 G5-E 6 G6-A 6 G6-A 6 G6-A 6 G6-A 6 G6-A 6 4 4 4 4
C C C C C C C C C C G5-E C G5-A C G5-D C G5-A C G3-B
10
G9-A
G9-A
B2-C
B2-C
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
B3-A
G11
G11
G11
G11
G11
G12
G12
G12
G12
G11
G11
G11
G11
G11
10000
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
G3-B 4 G4-C 4 G4-C 4 G4-C 4 G4-C 4 G4-D 4 G4-D 4 G4-D 4 G4-D 4 G4-D 4 G4-C 4 G4-C 4 G4-C 4 G4-C 4 G3-B
11
C4
G8-A
G8-A
B1-D
B1-D
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-D
B1-D
B1-D
B1-D
B1-D
B1-D
B1-D
B1-D
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
B1-A
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
10000
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
12
G1-B G2-D G2-D G2-D G2-D G2-E G2-E G2-E G2-E G2-E G2-D G2-D G2-D G2-D G2-D
S STRUCTURAL FRAMING PLAN FOR 2ND FLOOR

2
3500 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 3500
8 G1-A 9 G1-A 8 8 G1-A 9 G1-A 8

C C C C C C
1
B-1 A
B-1 A
B-1 A
B-1 A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1
B-1
B-1
B-1
G8-A
G9-B
G8-A
G8-A
G9-B
G8-A
10000
S-1 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-1 S-1 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-1
G2-A 10 G2-A G2-A 10 G2-A
9
C C
C
2
B-2A
B-3A
B-3A
B-2A
B-2A
B-3A
B-3A
B-2A
G11-A
G11-A
G9-A
G9-A
G9-A
G9-A
10000
S-2 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-2 S-2 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-2
G2-B 10 G2-B G2-B 10 G2-B
9
C C
C
3
B-2A
B-3A
B-3A
B-2A
B-2A
B-3A
B-3A
B-2A
G11-A
G11-A
G9-A
G9-A
G9-A
G9-A
10000
S-2 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-2 S-2 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-2
9 G2-B 10 G2-B G2-B 10 G2-B
9
C C
C
C
4
B-2A
B-3A
B-3A
B-2A
B-2A
B-3A
B-3A
B-2A
G11-A
G11-A
G9-A
G9-A
G9-A
G9-A
10000
S-2 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-2 S-2 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-2
G2-C C
3 G2-C C
3 G2-D C
3 G2-D C
3 G2-D C
3 G2-D C
3 G2-D C
3 G2-D C
3 G2-D C
3 G2-D C
3 G2-D C
3 G2-D C
3 G2-D C
3 G2-C C
3 G2-C
5
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
G10-A
G10-A
G10-A
G10-A
G10-A
G10-A
G10-A
G10-A
G10-A
G10-A
G10-A
G10-A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
B-1A
B-1A
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
G9-B
G10
G10
10000
G9-B
G3-A 4 G4-A 4 G4-A 4 G4-B 4 G4-B 4 G4-C 4 G4-C 4 G4-C 4 G4-C 4 G4-C 4 G4-B 4 G4-B 4 G4-A 4 G4-A 4 G3-A
6
G11-A
G11-A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3C
B-3C
B-3C
G11-B
G11-A
G11-B
G11-B
G11-B
G11-B
G11-B
B-3C
B-3C
B-3C
B-3C
B-3C
B-4A
B-2B
B-4A
B-4A
B-4A
B-3A
B-2B
B-3A
B-4A
B-4A
B-4A
B-4A
B-4A
B-4A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
G11-A
B-3A
G9-B
G12
G12
G12
G12
10000
G9-B
G11-A
S-2 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-4 S-4 S-4 S-4 S-4 S-4 S-4 S-4 S-4 S-4 S-4 S-4 S-4 S-4 S-4 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3 S-3
G11-A S-2
B-3A
B-3A
G3-B 4 G5-A 4 G5-A 4 G5-B G5-B 6 G6-A 6 G6-A 6 G6-A 6 G6-A 6 G6-A 6 G5-B G5-B 4 G5-A 4 G5-A 4 G3-B
7
B-5B
B-5B
B-5A
B-5B
B-5B
B-5B
B-2B
B-5A
B-5B
B-5B
B-5B
B-5B
B-5B
B-5B
B-5B
B-5A
B-5A
B-2B
G13
G13
G9-B
DN DN
G13
G13
G13
G13
G15
G15
G13
G13
G13
B-5B
10000
G9-B
G13
B-5B
G3-A 4 G7 4 G7 4 G7 4 G6-B 5 5 G6-B 4 G7 4 G7 4 G7 4 G3-A 2

2
C C C C C C C C C C C2 C
C
B-2B
B-2B
B-6A
B-6A
B-6A
B-6A
B-6A
B-6A
B-6A
B-6B
B-6B
B-6B
B-6A
B-6A
B-6A
B-6A
B-6A
B-6A
B-6A
B-6B
G9-B
G14
G14
G14
G14
G15
G15
G14
G14
G14
G14
10000
G9-B
S-6
S-6
2 G3-A 4 G7 4 G7 4 G7 4 5 5 4 G7 4 G7 4 G7 4 G3-A 2
9
B-5A
B-5A
B-5B
B-5A
B-5A
B-5A
B-5B
B-5A
B-5A
B-5B
B-5B
B-5A
B-2B
B-5A
B-5A
B-5B
B-5A
B-5A
B-5B
B-2B
G9-B
G13
G13
G13
G13
G15
G15
G13
G13
G13
G13
10000
G9-B
G3-A 4 G5-A 4 G5-A 4 G5-A 4 G5-A 6 G6-A 6 G6-A 6 G6-A 6 G6-A 6 G6-A 6 G5-A 4 G5-A 4 G5-A 4 G5-A 4 G3-A C2
10
B-3C
B-3C
B-3C
B-3C
B-3C
B-3C
B-3C
B-3C
B-3C
B-3C
B-3C
B-3C
B-3C
G11-B
G11-B
G11-B
G11-B
G11-B
G11-B
G11-B
G11-B
G11-B
G11-B
B-3C
B-3C
B-3C
B-4B
B-2B
B-3C
B-4B
B-4B
B-4B
B-4B
B-4B
B-4B
B-4B
B-4B
B-2B
B-4B
B-3C
G9-B
G12
G12
G12
G12
10000
G9-B
G3-B 4 G4-B 4 G4-B 4 G4-B 4 G4-B 4 G4-C 4 G4-C 4 G4-C 4 G4-C 4 G4-C 4 G4-B 4 G4-B 4 G4-B 4 G4-B 4 G3-B
11
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
G10-B
G10-B
G10-B
G10-B
G10-B
G10-B
G10-B
G10-B
G10-B
G10-B
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
B-1D
G8-B
G10
G10
G10
G10
10000
G8-B
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
12
G1-B G2-D G2-D G2-D G2-D G2-D G2-D G2-E G2-D G2-D G2-D G2-D G2-D G2-D G1-B
S STRUCTURAL FRAMING PLAN FOR 3RD FLOOR

3
3500 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 3500
10000
2
10000
3
10000
4
10000
3 G2 3 G2 3 G2 3 G2 3 G2 3 G2 3 G2 3 G2 3 G2 3 G2 3 G2 3 G2 3 G2 3
G1 C C C C C C C C C C C C C C G1
5
G10-A
G10-B
G10-A
G10-A
G10-A
G10-A
G10-A
G10-A
G10-A
G10-A
G10-A
G10-B
G10-A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
10000
G10
G8
G8
4 4
4
4
G3-A G4 G4 G4 G4 G4 C G4 C G4 G4 G4 G4 G4 G4 G4 G3-A
C
C
6
G11-A
C4
G11-A
B-3
B-3
B-3
B-3
G11-A
G11-A
G11-B
G11-A
G11-A
G11-B
G11-A
G11-A
B-3A
B-3A
B-4A
B-2A
B-3A
B-4A
B-2A
B-3A
B-3A
B-4A
B-4A
B-4A
B-4A
B-4A
B-4A
B-4A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-4A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
10000
G12
G12
G12
G12
G9
G9
G3-A 4 G5 4 G5 4 G5 G5 6 G6-A 6 G6-A 6 G6-A 6 G6-A 6 G6-A G5 G5 4 G5 4 G5 4 G3-A
6
C C C C C C C C C C C
C
7
G13-A
G13-B
G13-B
G13-A
G13-A
G13-B
G13-B
G13-A
B-5B
B-5B
B-5A
B-5B
B-5B
B-5B
B-5A
B-2B
B-5B
B-5B
B-5A
B-5A
B-5B
B-5B
B-5B
B-5A
B-5B
B-5B
B-5A
B-2B
G15
G15
10000
G9
G9
2 G3-B 4 G7 4 G7 4 G7 4 G6-B 5 5 G6-B 4 G7 4 G7 4 G7 4 G3-B 2
8
G14-A
G14-A
G14-A
G14-B
G14-B
G14-A
G14-A
G14-A
B-2B
B-2B
G15
G15
10000
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
G9
G9
B-6
S-6 S-6
2 4 G7 4 G7 4 G7 4 5 5 4 G7 4 G7 4 G7 4 2
C G3-B C C C C C C C C C C G3-B C
9
G13-A
G13-B
G13-B
G13-A
G13-A
G13-A
G13-A
G13-A
B-5A
B-5A
B-5B
B-5A
B-5B
B-5B
B-5B
B-5A
B-5B
B-5B
B-5B
B-5A
B-2B
B-5A
B-5A
B-5B
B-5B
B-5A
B-5B
B-2B
G15
G15
10000
G9
G9
G3-A 4 G5 4 G5 4 G5 4 G5 6 G6-A 6 G6-A 6 G6-A 6 G6-A 6 G6-A 6 G5 4 G5 4 G5 4 G5 4 G3-A

10
G11-A
G11-A
G11-A
G11-A
G11-A
G11-A
G11-A
G11-A
G11-A
G11-A
B-3A
B-4B
B-2A
B-3B
B-4B
B-3A
B-4B
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3B
B-4B
B-4B
B-4B
B-4B
B-4B
B-4B
B-3B
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-2A
B-4B
B-3B
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
G12
G12
G12
G12
10000
G9
G9
G3-A 4 G4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 G4 4 4 G4 4 4 4 4 G3-A
C G4 C G4 C G4 C G4 C G4 C G4 C G4 C G4 C G4 C G4 C G4 C G4 C G4 C
11
G10-A
G10-A
G10-B
G10-A
G10-B
G10-A
G10-A
G10-A
G10-A
G10-B
G10-B
G10-A
G10-B
G10-A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1B
B-1B
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
10000
G8
G8
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
12
S STRUCTURAL FRAMING PLAN FOR 4TH FLOOR

4
3500 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 3500
10000
2
10000
3
10000
4
10000
G1 3 G2 3 G2 3 G2 3 G2 3 G2 3 G2 3 G2 3 G2 3 G2 3 G2 3 G2 3 G2 3 G2 3 G1
5
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1C
B-1B
B-1B
B-1A
B-1A
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1B
B-1B
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
10000
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G8
G8
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
G3-A C G4-A C G4-A C G4-B C G4-B C G4-B C G4-B C G4-B C G4-B C G4-B C G4-B C G4-B C G4-A C G4-A C G3-A
6
B-3A
B-3A
B-3B
B-3A
B-3B
B-3B
B-3B
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3B
B-3B
B-3B
B-3A
B-3A
10000
B-3B
G11
G11
G11
G11
G11
G12
G12
G12
G12
G11
G11
G11
G11
G11
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-2
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-2
G9
G9
4 4 4 6 6 6 6 6 6 4 4 4
G3-A C G5-A C G5-A C G5-B G5-B C G6-A C G6-A C G6-A C G6-A C G6-A C G5-B G5-B C G5-A C G5-A C G3-A
7
C4
B-5A 225
B-5B
B-5B
B-5A
B-5A
B-5A
B-5A
B-5B
B-5A
B-5A
B-5B
B-5B
B-5A
B-5B
B-5B
B-5B
B-5A
B-5A
10000
G13
G13
G13
G13
G15
G15
G13
G13
G13
G13
B-2
B-2
G9
G9
2 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 2
C G3-B C G7-A C G7-A C G7-A C G6-B C C G6-B C G7-A C G7-A C G7-A C G3-B C
8
10000
G14
G14
G14
G14
G15
G15
G14
G14
G14
G14
B-2
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-2
G9
G9
2 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 2
C G3-B C G7-B C G7-B C G7-B C G6-B C C G6-B C G7-B C G7-B C G7-B C G3-B C
9
B-5A
B-5A
B-5A
B-5A
B-5A
B-5A
B-5A
B-5A
B-5A
10000
G13
G13
G13
G13
G15
G15
G13
G13
G13
G13
B-5
B-5
B-5
B-5
B-5
B-5
B-2
B-5
B-5
B-5
B-2
G9
G9
G3-B 4 G5-B 4 G5-B 4 G5-B 4 G5-B 6 G6-A G6-A G6-A G6-A G6-A 6 4 4 4 4
C C C C C C C C
6
6
C C G5-B G5-B G5-B G5-B G3-B
C
C
10
G11-B
G11-B
G11-B
G11-B
G11-B
G11-B
G11-B
G11-B
G11-B
G11-B
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B3-A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
B-3A
10000
B-3A
G12
G12
G12
G12
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-2
B-4
B-2
G9
G9
G3-A 4 G4-C 4 G4-C 4 G4-C 4 G4-C 4 G4-C 4 G4-C 4 G4-C 4 G4-C 4 G4-C 4 G4-C 4 G4-C 4 G4-C 4 G4-C 4 G3-A
11
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1B
B-1B
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
10000
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
G10
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1A
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
B-1B
G8
G8
B1
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
12
S STRUCTURAL FRAMING PLAN FOR ROOF DECK

5
S/3
S TEMP. BARS (BOTTOM)
S/3

TEMP. BARS (BOTTOM)
S/3 S/3 S/3 S/3
S S
NOTE: S - SHORTER SPAN OF THE SLAB

SECTION "A"
TYPICAL ONE WAY SLAB DETAIL

1
SCHEDULE OF R.C. SLABS - SECOND FLOOR (f'c = 28 MPa ; fy = 276 MPa)
THICKNESS
SCHEDULE OF R.C. SLABS - THIRD FLOOR (f'c = 28 MPa ; fy = 276 MPa)

THICKNESS
SCHEDULE OF R.C. SLABS - FOURTH FLOOR (f'c = 28 MPa ; fy = 276 MPa)

THICKNESS
SCHEDULE OF R.C. SLABS - ROOF DECK (f'c = 28 MPa ; fy = 276 MPa)

THICKNESS
COLUMN SCHEDULE
COL. MARK
FLOOR LEVEL
C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C8 C9 C10
750
700 550 550 650 650
650
650
Ground
40 C.C
40 C.C 40 C.C 40 C.C
40 C.C 40 C.C
40 C.C
40 C.C
24-25mm Ø
Floor to
550
550
700
28-25mm Ø
20-25mm Ø
650
20-25mm Ø
750
650
16-25mm Ø 16-25mm Ø
20-25mm Ø
650
8 @ 100mm spacing; 20-25mm Ø
650
Second 8 @ 100mm spacing;

8 @ 100mm spacing;
8 @ 100mm spacing;
8 @ 100mm spacing;
8 @ 100mm spacing;
8 @ 100mm spacing;
Floor
8 @ 100mm spacing;
SIZE 700 X 700 550 X 550 750 X 750 650 X 650 550 X 550 650 X 650 650 X 650 650 X 650
90 DEG HOOK
700 700 700 750

650 600
500
550
Second 40 C.C 40 C.C 40 C.C
40 C.C 40 C.C 40 C.C

40 C.C
40 C.C
Floor to
12-25mm Ø
24-25mm Ø 24-25mm Ø 24-25mm Ø
500
700
700
700
550
28-25mm Ø
600
20-25mm Ø
650
16-25mm Ø
750
8 @ 75mm spacing; 8 @ 75mm spacing; 8 @ 75mm spacing; 16-25mm Ø
Third Floor
250 @ rest to O.C stirrups 250 @ rest to O.C stirrups 250 @ rest to O.C stirrups
8 @ 75mm spacing;
8 @ 75mm spacing;
8 @ 75mm spacing;
SIZE 700 X 700 700 X 700 700 X 700 650 X 650 600 X 600 550 X 550 750 X 750 500 X 500
650 600 650

550 550
40 C.C 40 C.C 40 C.C

40 C.C 40 C.C
Third Floor
550
550
600
20-25mm Ø 20-25mm Ø
650
650
16-25mm Ø
16-25mm Ø 16-25mm Ø
to Fourth 8 @ 100mm spacing;

8 @ 75mm spacing;
8 @ 75mm spacing;
8 @ 100mm spacing;
8 @ 75mm spacing;
Floor
SIZE 650 x 650 600 x 600 550 X 550 650 X 650 550 X 550
VERT. REINF. 20 - Ø25mm 16 - Ø25mm 16 - Ø25mm 20 - Ø25mm 16 - Ø25mm
TIES Ø12 @ 150mm O.C, 3/SET Ø12 @ 150mm O.C, 3/SET Ø12 @ 150mm O.C, 5/SET Ø12 @ 150mm O.C, 3/SET Ø12 @ 150mm O.C, 3/SET
CONFIN. REINF. Ø12 @ 75mm O.C, 3/SET Ø12 @ 75mm O.C, 3/SET Ø12 @ 75mm O.C, 3/SET Ø12 @ 75mm O.C, 3/SET Ø12 @ 75mm O.C, 3/SET
JOINT. REINF. Ø12 @ 75mm O.C, 3/SET Ø12 @ 75mm O.C, 3/SET Ø12 @ 75mm O.C, 3/SET Ø12 @ 75mm O.C, 3/SET Ø12 @ 75mm O.C, 3/SET
TOP BAR
2 COLUMN SCHEDULE
3 COLUMN SECTION
Beam Schedule
BEAM SCHEDULE
Reinforcement BEAM ENDS MIDSPAN BEAM ENDS MIDSPAN BEAM ENDS MIDSPAN
Dimension
Beam Designation Ends Support Midspan Web Bars Size & Spacing of Stirrups
550
350 500 500 550
350 40 25
40 25
12
40 25 12
40 25
B D Top Top E.A Support

40 25
12 12
Bottom Bottom
40 25
12
12
G1-A G3-A G5-C
750
500
500
750
750
750
(B) Ø 12 ⍞, 1 @ 50mm, 10 @100mm,
40
40
25 12
350 500 8 4 4 8
25
12
G1-A 1 - Ø12mm
40
40
12
25
rest @100 to CL
24
12
40
40
25
25
12
12
G2-A 500 750 16 8 8 12 2 - Ø12 mm (E) Ø 12 ⍞, 1 @ 50mm, 15 @100mm,
rest @100 to CL
G3-A 500 750 12 6 4 8 2 - Ø12 mm (E) Ø 12 ⍞, 1 @ 50mm, 15 @100mm, 25

500 500
40 25
500 500
40 25
rest @100 to CL
40
40 25
12
12 12 12
G2-A G4-A
750
750
750
750
G4-A 500 750 16 8 4 12 2 - Ø12 mm (E) Ø 12 ⍞, 1 @ 50mm, 15 @100mm,
rest @100 to CL
40
40
40
40
25
25
12
25
12
12
25
12
G5-A 550 750 8 4 4 8 2 - Ø12 mm (B) Ø 12 ⍞, 1 @ 50mm, 10 @150mm,
rest @150 to CL
3 BEAM SCHEDULE
L/4 L/4
TOP BARS AT ENDS TOP BARS AT MIDSPAN
BOTTOM BARS AT ENDS BOTTOM BARS AT MIDSPAN
4 TYPICAL BEAM SECTION

3500 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 3500
28200
1
10000
2
Ø36@100 mm B.B
Ø36@100 mm T.B
SCHEDULE OF MAT FOOTING
Ø36@100 mm T.B
Ø36@100 mm B.B
10000
F'c = 28 Kpa, Fy = 414 N/mm^2
F'c = 35 N/mm^2, Fy = 420 MPa

40000
DIMENSION REINFORCEMENT
3 FOOTING
Ly Along Lx Ømm Along Ly Ømm
10000
THICKNESS Lx
Ø36@100 mm B.B
Ø36@100 mm B.B
Top Bar Bottom Bar Top Bar Bottom Bar
4 1 2500 mm 161.7m 74.7m Ø36-100 Ø36-100 Ø36-100 Ø36-100

10000
Ø36@100 mm T.B
Ø36@100 mm T.B
2 2500 mm 28.2 m 40 m Ø36-100 Ø36-100 Ø36-100 Ø36-100

5
10000
3 2500 mm 28.2 m 40 m Ø36-100 Ø36-100 Ø36-100 Ø36-100
6
10000
7 LEGENDS
10000
SYMBOL DESCRIPTION
8
Ø36@100 mm T.B
Ø36@100 mm B.B
10000
2500mm thick HATCHED COLUMN

74700
9 TOP BAR LINE

10000
Ø36@100 mm T.B
BOTTOM BAR LINE

10
10000
Ø36@100 mm B.B GRID LINE
11
10000
12
161700
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
GRID LINE
COLUMN
COLUMN REBARS
TOP BAR
SLAB ON GRADE
1000
COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN
TOP BARS
(SEE THE SCHEDULE
ALONG Ly) SLAB ON GRADE
BOTTOM BAR
1000

114700
BOTTOM BARS
(SEE THE SCHEDULE
ALONG Ly)
S FOOTING DETAILS
TOP BARS
COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN
1
(SEE THE SCHEDULE
ALONG Lx) SLAB ON GRADE
1000
BOTTOM BARS
(SEE THE SCHEDULE
ALONG Lx)
161700
SHEARWALL SCHEDULE
NO. OF REINFORCEMENT BARS
PIER DESIGNATION
AND SPACING OF TIES
14 @ 150 mm
P1
P1
P1
MAIN TIES:
12 @ 150 mm
14 @ 150 mm
Ø 25mm CONF. REINF.: Ø12 @150mm
TIES: Ø12 @150mm
PIER 1
3.400 m
3.400 m
LONGITUDINAL TIES:
3.400 m
75-Ø 25mm 75-Ø 25mm 75-Ø 25mm
12 @ 150 mm
206-Ø 25mm 12 @ 150 mm 206-Ø 25mm

P2 20.000 m
P2 MAIN TIES:

Ø12 @150mm
PIER 2 TIES:
LONGITUDINAL TIES:
MAIN TIES:
6.667 m
LONGITUDINAL TIES:
74-Ø 25mm 74-Ø 25mm CONF. REINF.: Ø12 @150mm
P4 P4
12 @ 150 mm 12 @ 150 mm

86-Ø 25mm
86-Ø 25mm
86-Ø 25mm
P3
P3
P3
MAIN TIES:

4.000 m
4.000 m
4.000 m
Ø12 @150mm
PIER 4 TIES:
LONGITUDINAL TIES:
26-Ø 25mm 26-Ø 25mm 26-Ø 25mm

VERTICAL BARS: 26- Ø25
P5 P5 P5
1.000 m 1.000 m 1.000 m MAIN TIES:
LONGITUDINAL TIES:
6 SHEARWALL DETAILS
APPENDICES
APPENDIX B:
ESTIMATES
APPENDICES
ROUGH COST ESTIMATE
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
Formwork Estimates of RCD Beam

Width Depth Perimeter Length No. of Beams Area No. of Plywood No. of Wood Frames Price
Floor Unique Name
m m m m pcs sq. m pcs bd. Ft. pesos
G1 0.35 0.5 1.8 10 6 108 38 687 ₱ 428,525.00
G2 0.5 0.75 2.6 10 40 1040 362 6538 ₱ 4,078,350.00
G3 0.5 0.75 2.6 10 12 312 109 1969 ₱ 1,228,235.00
G4 0.5 0.75 2.6 10 26 676 235 4245 ₱ 2,647,975.00
G5 0.55 0.75 2.7 10 16 432 150 2709 ₱ 1,689,855.00
G6 0.4 0.65 2.2 10 12 264 92 1662 ₱ 1,036,730.00
G7 0.5 0.8 2.7 10 16 432 150 2709 ₱ 1,689,855.00
G8 0.3 0.4 1.5 10 6 90 32 578 ₱ 360,550.00
G9 0.45 0.6 2.2 10 26 572 199 3594 ₱ 2,241,910.00
G10 0.35 0.55 1.9 10 28 532 185 3342 ₱ 2,084,690.00
2F G11 0.35 0.6 2 10 28 560 195 3522 ₱ 2,196,990.00
G12 0.35 0.55 1.9 10 8 152 53 958 ₱ 597,570.00
G13 0.35 0.5 1.8 10 16 288 100 1806 ₱ 1,126,570.00
G14 0.3 0.6 1.9 10 8 152 53 958 ₱ 597,570.00
G15 0.35 0.6 2 10 6 120 42 759 ₱ 473,445.00
B1 0.45 0.6 2.2 10 68 1496 520 9392 ₱ 5,858,640.00
B2 0.4 0.5 1.9 10 22 418 146 2637 ₱ 1,644,935.00
B3 0.35 0.55 1.9 10 60 1140 396 7152 ₱ 4,461,360.00
B4 0.4 0.55 2 10 20 400 139 2511 ₱ 1,566,325.00
B5 0.35 0.55 1.9 10 38 722 251 4534 ₱ 2,828,250.00
B6 0.35 0.55 1.9 10 20 380 132 2384 ₱ 1,487,120.00
G1 0.35 0.55 1.9 10 6 114 40 723 ₱ 450,985.00
G2 0.55 0.7 2.6 10 40 1040 362 6538 ₱ 4,078,350.00
G3 0.55 0.7 2.6 10 12 312 109 1969 ₱ 1,228,235.00
G4 0.55 0.7 2.6 10 26 676 235 4245 ₱ 2,647,975.00
G5 0.5 0.7 2.5 10 16 400 139 2511 ₱ 1,566,325.00
G6 0.4 0.65 2.2 10 12 264 92 1662 ₱ 1,036,730.00
G7 0.45 0.8 2.6 10 16 416 145 2619 ₱ 1,633,705.00
G8 0.35 0.5 1.8 10 6 108 38 687 ₱ 428,525.00
G9 0.35 0.6 2 10 26 520 181 3269 ₱ 2,039,175.00
G10 0.4 0.55 2 10 28 560 195 3522 ₱ 2,196,990.00
3F G11 0.35 0.55 1.9 10 28 532 185 3342 ₱ 2,084,690.00
G12 0.3 0.55 1.8 10 8 144 50 903 ₱ 563,285.00
G13 0.35 0.55 1.9 10 16 304 106 1915 ₱ 1,194,545.00
G14 0.3 0.5 1.7 10 8 136 48 867 ₱ 540,825.00
G15 0.35 0.55 1.9 10 6 114 40 723 ₱ 450,985.00
B1 0.35 0.6 2 10 68 1360 473 8543 ₱ 5,329,045.00
B2 0.4 0.55 2 10 22 440 153 2764 ₱ 1,724,140.00
B3 0.35 0.55 1.9 10 58 1102 383 6917 ₱ 4,314,775.00
B4 0.4 0.55 2 10 20 400 139 2511 ₱ 1,566,325.00
B5 0.35 0.5 1.8 10 40 720 250 4515 ₱ 2,816,425.00
B6 0.35 0.55 1.9 10 20 380 132 2384 ₱ 1,487,120.00
G1 0.35 0.65 2.1 10 4 84 30 542 ₱ 338,090.00
G2 0.3 0.5 1.7 10 26 442 154 2782 ₱ 1,735,370.00
G3 0.55 0.7 2.6 10 12 312 109 1969 ₱ 1,228,235.00
G4 0.5 0.75 2.6 10 26 676 235 4245 ₱ 2,647,975.00
G5 0.45 0.65 2.3 10 16 368 128 2312 ₱ 1,442,200.00
G6 0.35 0.6 2 10 12 240 84 1518 ₱ 946,890.00
G7 0.55 0.7 2.6 10 16 416 145 2619 ₱ 1,633,705.00
G8 0.35 0.65 2.1 10 4 84 30 542 ₱ 338,090.00
G9 0.4 0.65 2.2 10 10 220 77 1391 ₱ 867,685.00
G10 0.45 0.6 2.2 10 28 616 214 3865 ₱ 2,410,955.00
4F G11 0.3 0.5 1.7 10 22 374 130 2348 ₱ 1,464,660.00
G12 0.3 0.5 1.7 10 8 136 48 867 ₱ 540,825.00
G13 0.45 0.6 2.2 10 16 352 123 2222 ₱ 1,386,050.00
G14 0.4 0.65 2.2 10 8 176 62 1120 ₱ 698,640.00
G15 0.35 0.5 1.8 10 6 108 38 687 ₱ 428,525.00
B1 0.4 0.55 2 10 60 1200 417 7532 ₱ 4,698,380.00
B2 0.3 0.55 1.8 10 10 180 63 1138 ₱ 709,870.00
B3 0.35 0.55 1.9 10 46 874 304 5491 ₱ 3,425,225.00
B4 0.4 0.55 2 10 20 400 139 2511 ₱ 1,566,325.00
B5 0.3 0.5 1.7 10 42 714 248 4479 ₱ 2,793,965.00
B6 0.3 0.6 1.9 10 18 342 119 2150 ₱ 1,341,130.00
G1 0.35 0.55 1.9 10 4 76 27 488 ₱ 304,400.00
G2 0.45 0.6 2.2 10 26 572 199 3594 ₱ 2,241,910.00
G3 0.45 0.65 2.3 10 12 276 96 1734 ₱ 1,081,650.00
G4 0.5 0.8 2.7 10 46 1242 432 7802 ₱ 4,866,830.00
G5 0.5 0.75 2.6 10 16 416 145 2619 ₱ 1,633,705.00
G6 0.3 0.6 1.9 10 12 228 80 1445 ₱ 901,375.00
G7 0.55 0.7 2.6 10 14 364 127 2294 ₱ 1,430,970.00
G8 0.3 0.6 1.9 10 4 76 27 488 ₱ 304,400.00
G9 0.3 0.6 1.9 10 10 190 66 1192 ₱ 743,560.00
G10 0.3 0.45 1.6 10 28 448 156 2818 ₱ 1,757,830.00
ROOF DECK G11 0.45 0.65 2.3 10 20 460 160 2890 ₱ 1,802,750.00
G12 0.35 0.45 1.7 10 8 136 48 867 ₱ 540,825.00
G13 0.3 0.45 1.6 10 16 256 89 1608 ₱ 1,003,040.00
G14 0.3 0.5 1.7 10 8 136 48 867 ₱ 540,825.00
G15 0.3 0.5 1.7 10 6 102 36 651 ₱ 406,065.00
B1 0.35 0.65 2.1 10 60 1260 438 7911 ₱ 4,934,805.00
B2 0.35 0.55 1.9 10 10 190 66 1192 ₱ 743,560.00
B3 0.45 0.65 2.3 10 36 828 288 5202 ₱ 3,244,950.00
B4 0.4 0.8 2.5 10 20 500 174 3143 ₱ 1,960,565.00
B5 0.4 0.55 2 10 40 800 278 5021 ₱ 3,132,055.00
B6 0.35 0.5 1.8 10 18 324 113 2041 ₱ 1,273,155.00
ROOF G1 0.35 0.45 1.7 10 8 136 48 867 ₱ 540,825.00
TOTAL ₱ 147,737,445.00
APPENDICES
Formwork Estimates of RCD Column

Width Depth Perimeter Height No. of Columns Area No. of Plywood No. of Wood Frames Price
Floor Unique Name
C1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ₱ -
C2 0.7 0.7 3 6 4 72 25 508.25 ₱ 315,408.75
C3 0.55 0.55 2.4 6 28 403.2 140 2846.2 ₱ 1,766,289.00
C4 0.75 0.75 3.2 6 58 1113.6 387 7867.71 ₱ 4,882,527.45
C5 0.65 0.65 2.8 6 4 67.2 24 487.92 ₱ 302,792.40
2F
C6 0.55 0.55 2.4 6 12 172.8 60 1219.8 ₱ 756,981.00
C7 0 0 0.2 6 0 0 0 0 ₱ -
C8 0.65 0.65 2.8 6 4 67.2 24 487.92 ₱ 302,792.40
C9 0.65 0.65 2.8 6 14 235.2 82 1667.06 ₱ 1,034,540.70
C10 0.65 0.65 2.8 6 6 100.8 35 711.55 ₱ 441,572.25
C1 0 0 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 ₱ -
C2 0.7 0.7 3 4 4 48 17 345.61 ₱ 214,477.95
C3 0.7 0.7 3 4 28 336 117 2378.61 ₱ 1,476,112.95
C4 0.7 0.7 3 4 58 696 242 4919.86 ₱ 3,053,156.70
C5 0.65 0.65 2.8 4 4 44.8 16 325.28 ₱ 201,861.60
3F
C6 0.6 0.6 2.6 4 12 124.8 44 894.52 ₱ 555,119.40
C7 0 0 0.2 4 0 0 0 0 ₱ -
C8 0.55 0.55 2.4 4 4 38.4 14 284.62 ₱ 176,628.90
C9 0.75 0.75 3.2 4 14 179.2 63 1280.79 ₱ 794,830.05
C10 0.5 0.5 2.2 4 6 52.8 19 386.27 ₱ 239,710.65
C1 0 0 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 ₱ -
C2 0.65 0.65 2.8 4 4 44.8 16 325.28 ₱ 201,861.60
C3 0.6 0.6 2.6 4 28 291.2 102 2073.66 ₱ 1,286,867.70
4F
C4 0.55 0.55 2.4 4 58 556.8 194 3944.02 ₱ 2,447,571.90
C5 0.65 0.65 2.8 4 4 44.8 16 325.28 ₱ 201,861.60
C6 0.55 0.55 2.4 4 12 115.2 40 813.2 ₱ 504,654.00
C1 0 0 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 ₱ -
C2 0.6 0.6 2.6 4 4 41.6 15 304.95 ₱ 189,245.25
C3 0.45 0.45 2 4 28 224 78 1585.74 ₱ 984,075.30
ROOF DECK
C4 0.5 0.5 2.2 4 58 510.4 178 3618.74 ₱ 2,245,710.30
C5 0.65 0.65 2.8 4 4 44.8 16 325.28 ₱ 201,861.60
C6 0.55 0.55 2.4 4 12 115.2 40 813.2 ₱ 504,654.00
TOTAL: ₱ 25,283,165.40
Formwork Estimates of RCD Slab

Width Length Perimeter Thickness No. of Slabs Area No. of Plywood No. of Wood Frames Price
Floor Unique Name
S1 3.3333 10 26.7666 0.125 6 20.075 7 142.31 ₱ 88,314.45
S2 3.3333 10 26.7666 0.125 118 394.807 138 2805.54 ₱ 1,741,056.30
S3 3.3333 10 26.7666 0.125 80 267.666 93 1890.69 ₱ 1,173,320.55
2F
S4 3.3333 10 26.7666 0.125 36 120.45 42 853.86 ₱ 529,886.70
S5 3.3333 10 26.7666 0.125 20 66.9165 24 487.92 ₱ 302,792.40
S6 3.3333 10 26.7666 0.125 26 86.9915 31 630.23 ₱ 391,106.85
S1 3.3333 10 26.7666 0.125 6 20.075 7 142.31 ₱ 88,314.45
S2 3.3333 10 26.7666 0.125 118 394.807 138 2805.54 ₱ 1,741,056.30
S3 3.3333 10 26.7666 0.125 80 267.666 93 1890.69 ₱ 1,173,320.55
3F
S4 3.3333 10 26.7666 0.125 36 120.45 42 853.86 ₱ 529,886.70
S5 3.3333 10 26.7666 0.125 20 66.9165 24 487.92 ₱ 302,792.40
S6 3.3333 10 26.7666 0.125 26 86.9915 31 630.23 ₱ 391,106.85
S1 3.3333 10 26.7666 0.125 4 13.3833 5 101.65 ₱ 63,081.75
S2 3.3333 10 26.7666 0.125 96 321.199 112 2276.96 ₱ 1,413,031.20
S3 3.3333 10 26.7666 0.125 56 187.366 66 1341.78 ₱ 832,679.10
4F
S4 3.3333 10 26.7666 0.125 36 120.45 42 853.86 ₱ 529,886.70
S5 3.3333 10 26.7666 0.125 20 66.9165 24 487.92 ₱ 302,792.40
S6 3.3333 10 26.7666 0.125 26 86.9915 31 630.23 ₱ 391,106.85
S1 3.3333 10 26.7666 0.125 4 13.3833 5 101.65 ₱ 63,081.75
S2 3.3333 10 26.7666 0.125 96 321.199 112 2276.96 ₱ 1,413,031.20
S3 3.3333 10 26.7666 0.125 56 187.366 66 1341.78 ₱ 832,679.10
ROOF DECK
S4 3.3333 10 26.7666 0.125 36 120.45 42 853.86 ₱ 529,886.70
S5 3.3333 10 26.7666 0.125 20 66.9165 24 487.92 ₱ 302,792.40
S6 3.3333 10 26.7666 0.125 26 86.9915 31 630.23 ₱ 391,106.85
TOTAL ₱ 15,518,110.50
APPENDICES
Rebar Estimate for RCD Beam

Length Number of Beams WIDTH DEPTH Volume Price
Floor Unique Label Weight of Bars
m pcs m m cu. m pesos
G1 10 6 0.35 0.5 10.5 1648.5 ₱ 37,091.25
G2 10 40 0.5 0.75 150 23550 ₱ 529,875.00
G3 10 12 0.5 0.75 45 7065 ₱ 158,962.50
G4 10 26 0.5 0.75 97.5 15307.5 ₱ 344,418.75
G5 10 16 0.55 0.75 66 10362 ₱ 233,145.00
G6 10 12 0.4 0.65 31.2 4898.4 ₱ 110,214.00
G7 10 16 0.5 0.8 64 10048 ₱ 226,080.00
G8 10 6 0.3 0.4 7.2 1130.4 ₱ 25,434.00
G9 10 26 0.45 0.6 70.2 11021.4 ₱ 247,981.50
G10 10 28 0.35 0.55 53.9 8462.3 ₱ 190,401.75
2F G11 10 28 0.35 0.6 58.8 9231.6 ₱ 207,711.00
G12 10 8 0.35 0.55 15.4 2417.8 ₱ 54,400.50
G13 10 16 0.35 0.5 28 4396 ₱ 98,910.00
G14 10 8 0.3 0.6 14.4 2260.8 ₱ 50,868.00
G15 10 6 0.35 0.6 12.6 1978.2 ₱ 44,509.50
B1 10 68 0.45 0.6 183.6 28825.2 ₱ 648,567.00
B2 10 22 0.4 0.5 44 6908 ₱ 155,430.00
B3 10 60 0.35 0.55 115.5 18133.5 ₱ 408,003.75
B4 10 20 0.4 0.55 44 6908 ₱ 155,430.00
B5 10 38 0.35 0.55 73.15 11484.55 ₱ 258,402.38
B6 10 20 0.35 0.55 38.5 6044.5 ₱ 136,001.25
G1 10 6 0.35 0.55 11.55 1813.35 ₱ 40,800.38
G2 10 40 0.55 0.7 154 24178 ₱ 544,005.00
G3 10 12 0.55 0.7 46.2 7253.4 ₱ 163,201.50
G4 10 26 0.55 0.7 100.1 15715.7 ₱ 353,603.25
G5 10 16 0.5 0.7 56 8792 ₱ 197,820.00
G6 10 12 0.4 0.65 31.2 4898.4 ₱ 110,214.00
G7 10 16 0.45 0.8 57.6 9043.2 ₱ 203,472.00
G8 10 6 0.35 0.5 10.5 1648.5 ₱ 37,091.25
G9 10 26 0.35 0.6 54.6 8572.2 ₱ 192,874.50
G10 10 28 0.4 0.55 61.6 9671.2 ₱ 217,602.00
3F G11 10 28 0.35 0.55 53.9 8462.3 ₱ 190,401.75
G12 10 8 0.3 0.55 13.2 2072.4 ₱ 46,629.00
G13 10 16 0.35 0.55 30.8 4835.6 ₱ 108,801.00
G14 10 8 0.3 0.5 12 1884 ₱ 42,390.00
G15 10 6 0.35 0.55 11.55 1813.35 ₱ 40,800.38
B1 10 68 0.35 0.6 142.8 22419.6 ₱ 504,441.00
B2 10 22 0.4 0.55 48.4 7598.8 ₱ 170,973.00
B3 10 58 0.35 0.55 111.65 17529.05 ₱ 394,403.63
B4 10 20 0.4 0.55 44 6908 ₱ 155,430.00
B5 10 40 0.35 0.5 70 10990 ₱ 247,275.00
B6 10 20 0.35 0.55 38.5 6044.5 ₱ 136,001.25
G1 10 4 0.35 0.65 9.1 1428.7 ₱ 32,145.75
G2 10 26 0.3 0.5 39 6123 ₱ 137,767.50
G3 10 12 0.55 0.7 46.2 7253.4 ₱ 163,201.50
G4 10 26 0.5 0.75 97.5 15307.5 ₱ 344,418.75
G5 10 16 0.45 0.65 46.8 7347.6 ₱ 165,321.00
G6 10 12 0.35 0.6 25.2 3956.4 ₱ 89,019.00
G7 10 16 0.55 0.7 61.6 9671.2 ₱ 217,602.00
G8 10 4 0.35 0.65 9.1 1428.7 ₱ 32,145.75
G9 10 10 0.4 0.65 26 4082 ₱ 91,845.00
G10 10 28 0.45 0.6 75.6 11869.2 ₱ 267,057.00
4F G11 10 22 0.3 0.5 33 5181 ₱ 116,572.50
G12 10 8 0.3 0.5 12 1884 ₱ 42,390.00
G13 10 16 0.45 0.6 43.2 6782.4 ₱ 152,604.00
G14 10 8 0.4 0.65 20.8 3265.6 ₱ 73,476.00
G15 10 6 0.35 0.5 10.5 1648.5 ₱ 37,091.25
B1 10 60 0.4 0.55 132 20724 ₱ 466,290.00
B2 10 10 0.3 0.55 16.5 2590.5 ₱ 58,286.25
B3 10 46 0.35 0.55 88.55 13902.35 ₱ 312,802.88
B4 10 20 0.4 0.55 44 6908 ₱ 155,430.00
B5 10 42 0.3 0.5 63 9891 ₱ 222,547.50
B6 10 18 0.3 0.6 32.4 5086.8 ₱ 114,453.00
G1 10 4 0.35 0.55 7.7 1208.9 ₱ 27,200.25
G2 10 26 0.45 0.6 70.2 11021.4 ₱ 247,981.50
G3 10 12 0.45 0.65 35.1 5510.7 ₱ 123,990.75
G4 10 46 0.5 0.8 184 28888 ₱ 649,980.00
G5 10 16 0.5 0.75 60 9420 ₱ 211,950.00
G6 10 12 0.3 0.6 21.6 3391.2 ₱ 76,302.00
G7 10 14 0.55 0.7 53.9 8462.3 ₱ 190,401.75
G8 10 4 0.3 0.6 7.2 1130.4 ₱ 25,434.00
G9 10 10 0.3 0.6 18 2826 ₱ 63,585.00
G10 10 28 0.3 0.45 37.8 5934.6 ₱ 133,528.50
ROOF DECK G11 10 20 0.45 0.65 58.5 9184.5 ₱ 206,651.25
G12 10 8 0.35 0.45 12.6 1978.2 ₱ 44,509.50
G13 10 16 0.3 0.45 21.6 3391.2 ₱ 76,302.00
G14 10 8 0.3 0.5 12 1884 ₱ 42,390.00
G15 10 6 0.3 0.5 9 1413 ₱ 31,792.50
B1 10 60 0.35 0.65 136.5 21430.5 ₱ 482,186.25
B2 10 10 0.35 0.55 19.25 3022.25 ₱ 68,000.63
B3 10 36 0.45 0.65 105.3 16532.1 ₱ 371,972.25
B4 10 20 0.4 0.8 64 10048 ₱ 226,080.00
B5 10 40 0.4 0.55 88 13816 ₱ 310,860.00
B6 10 18 0.35 0.5 31.5 4945.5 ₱ 111,273.75
ROOF G1 10 8 0.35 0.45 12.6 1978.2 ₱ 44,509.50
TOTAL ₱ 15,479,415.00
APPENDICES
Rebar Estimate for RCD Column

C1 0 0 0 0 0 0 ₱ -
C2 6 4 0.7 0.7 11.76 2307.9 ₱ 51,927.75
C3 6 28 0.55 0.55 50.82 9973.425 ₱ 224,402.06
C4 6 58 0.75 0.75 195.75 38415.9375 ₱ 864,358.59
C5 6 4 0.65 0.65 10.14 1989.975 ₱ 44,774.44
2F
C6 6 12 0.55 0.55 21.78 4274.325 ₱ 96,172.31
C7 6 0 0 0 0 0 ₱ -
C8 6 4 0.65 0.65 10.14 1989.975 ₱ 44,774.44
C9 6 14 0.65 0.65 35.49 6964.9125 ₱ 156,710.53
C10 6 6 0.65 0.65 15.21 2984.9625 ₱ 67,161.66
C1 0 0 0 0 0 0 ₱ -
C2 4 4 0.7 0.7 7.84 1538.6 ₱ 34,618.50
C3 4 28 0.7 0.7 54.88 10770.2 ₱ 242,329.50
C4 4 58 0.7 0.7 113.68 22309.7 ₱ 501,968.25
C5 4 4 0.65 0.65 6.76 1326.65 ₱ 29,849.63
3F
C6 4 12 0.6 0.6 17.28 3391.2 ₱ 76,302.00
C7 4 0 0 0 0 0 ₱ -
C8 4 4 0.55 0.55 4.84 949.85 ₱ 21,371.63
C9 4 14 0.75 0.75 31.5 6181.875 ₱ 139,092.19
C10 4 6 0.5 0.5 6 1177.5 ₱ 26,493.75
C1 0 0 0 0 0 0 ₱ -
C2 4 4 0.65 0.65 6.76 1326.65 ₱ 29,849.63
C3 4 28 0.6 0.6 40.32 7912.8 ₱ 178,038.00
4F
C4 4 58 0.55 0.55 70.18 13772.825 ₱ 309,888.56
C5 4 4 0.65 0.65 6.76 1326.65 ₱ 29,849.63
C6 4 12 0.55 0.55 14.52 2849.55 ₱ 64,114.88
C1 0 0 0 0 0 0 ₱ -
C2 4 4 0.6 0.6 5.76 1130.4 ₱ 25,434.00
C3 4 28 0.45 0.45 22.68 4450.95 ₱ 100,146.38
ROOF DECK
C4 4 58 0.5 0.5 58 11382.5 ₱ 256,106.25
C5 4 4 0.65 0.65 6.76 1326.65 ₱ 29,849.63
C6 4 12 0.55 0.55 14.52 2849.55 ₱ 64,114.88
TOTAL ₱ 3,709,699.03
Rebar Estimate for RCD Slab

S1 0.125 6 3.3333 10 24.9998 1962.480375 ₱ 44,155.81
S2 0.125 118 3.3333 10 491.662 38595.44738 ₱ 868,397.57
S3 0.125 80 3.3333 10 333.33 26166.405 ₱ 588,744.11
2F
S4 0.125 36 3.3333 10 149.999 11774.88225 ₱ 264,934.85
S5 0.125 20 3.3333 10 83.3325 6541.60125 ₱ 147,186.03
S6 0.125 26 3.3333 10 108.332 8504.081625 ₱ 191,341.84
S1 0.125 6 3.3333 10 24.9998 1962.480375 ₱ 44,155.81
S2 0.125 118 3.3333 10 491.662 38595.44738 ₱ 868,397.57
S3 0.125 80 3.3333 10 333.33 26166.405 ₱ 588,744.11
3F
S4 0.125 36 3.3333 10 149.999 11774.88225 ₱ 264,934.85
S5 0.125 20 3.3333 10 83.3325 6541.60125 ₱ 147,186.03
S6 0.125 26 3.3333 10 108.332 8504.081625 ₱ 191,341.84
S1 0.125 4 3.3333 10 16.6665 1308.32025 ₱ 29,437.21
S2 0.125 96 3.3333 10 399.996 31399.686 ₱ 706,492.94
S3 0.125 56 3.3333 10 233.331 18316.4835 ₱ 412,120.88
4F
S4 0.125 36 3.3333 10 149.999 11774.88225 ₱ 264,934.85
S5 0.125 20 3.3333 10 83.3325 6541.60125 ₱ 147,186.03
S6 0.125 26 3.3333 10 108.332 8504.081625 ₱ 191,341.84
S1 0.125 4 3.3333 10 16.6665 1308.32025 ₱ 29,437.21
S2 0.125 96 3.3333 10 399.996 31399.686 ₱ 706,492.94
S3 0.125 56 3.3333 10 233.331 18316.4835 ₱ 412,120.88
ROOF DECK
S4 0.125 36 3.3333 10 149.999 11774.88225 ₱ 264,934.85
S5 0.125 20 3.3333 10 83.3325 6541.60125 ₱ 147,186.03
S6 0.125 26 3.3333 10 108.332 8504.081625 ₱ 191,341.84
TOTAL ₱ 7,712,547.87
APPENDICES
ROUGH COST ESTIMATE
STRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGN-ASD
Section Length Number of Steel Beam Structural Steel Weight Nominal Weight Total Cost
Floor Unique Name
kg/m m pcs kg kg/m pesos
G1 W27X114 10 6 10200 170 ₱ 597,618.00
G2 W21X364 10 40 217200 543 ₱ 12,725,748.00
G3 W27X194 10 12 34680 289 ₱ 2,031,901.20
G4 W27X161 10 26 62400 240 ₱ 3,656,016.00
G5 W27X146 10 20 43400 217 ₱ 2,542,806.00
G6 W27X178 10 18 47700 265 ₱ 2,794,743.00
G7 W27X146 10 12 26040 217 ₱ 1,525,683.60
G8 W27X84 10 6 7500 125 ₱ 439,425.00
G9 W27X94 10 26 36400 140 ₱ 2,132,676.00
G10 W27X102 10 28 42560 152 ₱ 2,493,590.40
G11 W24X94 10 28 39200 140 ₱ 2,296,728.00
2nd Floor
G12 W27X102 10 8 12160 152 ₱ 712,454.40
G13 W24X94 10 16 22400 140 ₱ 1,312,416.00
G14 W24X94 10 8 11200 140 ₱ 656,208.00
G15 W24X84 10 6 7500 125 ₱ 439,425.00
G16 W14X34 10 20 2040 51 ₱ 119,523.60
B1 W27X129 10 68 130560 192 ₱ 7,649,510.40
B2 W27X129 10 22 42240 192 ₱ 2,474,841.60
B3 W27X129 10 58 111360 192 ₱ 6,524,582.40
B4 W27X129 10 20 38400 192 ₱ 2,249,856.00
B5 W27X129 10 48 92160 192 ₱ 5,399,654.40
B6 W36X487 10 18 130500 725 ₱ 7,645,995.00
TOTAL ₱ 68,421,402.00
Floor Unique Name
G1 W24X94 10 6 8400 140 ₱ 492,156.00
G2 W27X129 10 40 76800 192 ₱ 4,499,712.00
G3 W21X364 10 12 65160 543 ₱ 3,817,724.40
G4 W21X364 10 26 141180 543 ₱ 8,271,736.20
G5 W27X146 10 20 43400 217 ₱ 2,542,806.00
G6 W24X335 10 18 89640 498 ₱ 5,252,007.60
G7 W21X364 10 12 15000 125 ₱ 878,850.00
G8 W24X84 10 6 7500 125 ₱ 439,425.00
G9 W24X84 10 26 32500 125 ₱ 1,904,175.00
G10 W27X94 10 28 39200 140 ₱ 2,296,728.00
G11 W24X94 10 28 39200 140 ₱ 2,296,728.00
3rd Floor
G12 W24X94 10 8 11200 140 ₱ 656,208.00
G13 W24X94 10 16 22400 140 ₱ 1,312,416.00
G14 W24X94 10 8 11200 140 ₱ 656,208.00
G15 W24X76 10 6 6780 113 ₱ 397,240.20
G16 W14X30 10 20 1760 44 ₱ 103,118.40
B1 W27X129 10 68 130560 192 ₱ 7,649,510.40
B2 W27X129 10 22 42240 192 ₱ 2,474,841.60
B3 W27X129 10 58 111360 192 ₱ 6,524,582.40
B4 W21X364 10 20 108600 543 ₱ 6,362,874.00
B5 W27X129 10 48 92160 192 ₱ 5,399,654.40
B6 W36X652 10 18 174600 970 ₱ 10,229,814.00
TOTAL ₱ 74,458,515.60
Floor Unique Name
G1 W24X94 10 4 5600 140 ₱ 328,104.00
G2 W21X364 10 26 141180 543 ₱ 8,271,736.20
G3 W24X334 10 12 59760 498 ₱ 3,501,338.40
G4 W27X129 10 26 49920 192 ₱ 2,924,812.80
G5 W24X335 10 20 99600 498 ₱ 5,835,564.00
G6 W27X194 10 18 52020 289 ₱ 3,047,851.80
G7 W21X364 10 12 65160 543 ₱ 3,817,724.40
G8 W18X76 10 4 4520 113 ₱ 264,826.80
G9 W24X76 10 10 11300 113 ₱ 662,067.00
G10 W14X109 10 28 45360 162 ₱ 2,657,642.40
G11 W24X76 10 22 24860 113 ₱ 1,456,547.40
4th Floor
G12 W24X76 10 8 9040 113 ₱ 529,653.60
G13 W24X84 10 16 20000 125 ₱ 1,171,800.00
G14 W24X84 10 8 10000 125 ₱ 585,900.00
G15 W18X55 10 6 4920 82 ₱ 288,262.80
G16 W14X26 10 20 1560 39 ₱ 91,400.40
B1 W14X120 10 60 107400 179 ₱ 6,292,566.00
B2 W14X132 10 10 19600 196 ₱ 1,148,364.00
B3 W14X132 10 46 90160 196 ₱ 5,282,474.40
B4 W14X132 10 20 39200 196 ₱ 2,296,728.00
B5 W14X120 10 48 85920 179 ₱ 5,034,052.80
B6 W36X487 10 18 130500 725 ₱ 7,645,995.00
TOTAL ₱ 63,135,412.20
APPENDICES
Floor Unique Name
G1 W24X84 10 4 5000 125 ₱ 292,950.00
G2 W21X364 10 26 141180 543 ₱ 8,271,736.20
G3 W24X335 10 12 59760 498 ₱ 3,501,338.40
G4 W24X370 10 26 143260 551 ₱ 8,393,603.40
G5 W24X370 10 20 110200 551 ₱ 6,456,618.00
G6 W24X335 10 18 89640 498 ₱ 5,252,007.60
G7 W24X94 10 12 16800 140 ₱ 984,312.00
G8 W24X84 10 4 5000 125 ₱ 292,950.00
G9 W24X94 10 10 14000 140 ₱ 820,260.00
G10 W24X76 10 28 31640 113 ₱ 1,853,787.60
G11 W27X102 10 22 33440 152 ₱ 1,959,249.60
Roof Deck
G12 W21X168 10 8 12160 152 ₱ 712,454.40
G13 W18X60 10 16 14240 89 ₱ 834,321.60
G14 W21X55 10 8 6560 82 ₱ 384,350.40
G15 W16X36 10 6 3180 53 ₱ 186,316.20
G16 W12X22 10 20 1308 32.7 ₱ 76,635.72
B1 W14X82 10 60 73200 122 ₱ 4,288,788.00
B2 W14X109 10 10 16200 162 ₱ 949,158.00
B3 W27X178 10 46 121900 265 ₱ 7,142,121.00
B4 W14X120 10 20 35800 179 ₱ 2,097,522.00
B5 W14X109 10 48 77760 162 ₱ 4,555,958.40
B6 W14X120 10 18 32220 179 ₱ 1,887,769.80
TOTAL ₱ 61,194,208.32
Floor Unique Name
Roof G1 W21X68 10 24 4040 101 ₱ 236,703.60
TOTAL ₱ 236,703.60
APPENDICES
Section Height Number of Steel Column Structural Steel Weight Nominal Weight Total Cost
Floor Unique Name
C1 W36X652 6 4 23280 970 ₱ 1,363,975.20
C2 W36X652 6 12 69840 970 ₱ 4,091,925.60
C3 W33X263 6 28 65856 392 ₱ 3,858,503.04
C4 W36X441 6 70 275520 656 ₱ 16,142,716.80
C5 W33X221 6 4 7896 329 ₱ 462,626.64
2F
C6 W33X241 6 12 25848 359 ₱ 1,514,434.32
C7 W33X387 6 12 41472 576 ₱ 2,429,844.48
C8 W27X146 6 4 5208 217 ₱ 305,136.72
C9 W30X191 6 14 23856 284 ₱ 1,397,723.04
C10 W27X368 6 6 19728 548 ₱ 1,155,863.52
TOTAL ₱ 32,722,749.36
Floor Unique Name
C1 W36X262 4 4 6240 390 ₱ 365,601.60
C2 W36X441 4 12 31488 656 ₱ 1,844,881.92
C3 W33X241 4 28 40208 359 ₱ 2,355,786.72
C4 W36X652 4 70 271600 970 ₱ 15,913,044.00
C5 W36X652 4 4 15520 970 ₱ 909,316.80
3F
C6 W33X169 4 12 12048 251 ₱ 705,892.32
C7 W33X221 4 12 15792 329 ₱ 925,253.28
C8 W30X148 4 4 3520 220 ₱ 206,236.80
C9 W30X391 4 14 32592 582 ₱ 1,909,565.28
C10 W27X102 4 6 3648 152 ₱ 213,736.32
TOTAL ₱ 25,349,315.04
Floor Unique Name
C1 W30X173 4 4 4112 257 ₱ 240,922.08
C2 W27X258 4 12 18432 384 ₱ 1,079,930.88
C3 W27X129 4 28 21504 192 ₱ 1,259,919.36
4F C4 W27X178 4 70 74200 265 ₱ 4,347,378.00
C5 W33X201 4 4 4784 299 ₱ 280,294.56
C6 W33X201 4 12 14352 299 ₱ 840,883.68
C7 W33X169 4 12 12048 251 ₱ 705,892.32
TOTAL ₱ 8,755,220.88
Floor Unique Name
C1 W24X94 4 4 2240 140 ₱ 131,241.60
C2 W33X169 4 12 12048 251 ₱ 705,892.32
C3 W27X102 4 28 17024 152 ₱ 997,436.16
ROOF DECK C4 W21X62 4 70 25760 92 ₱ 1,509,278.40
C5 W33X291 4 4 6928 433 ₱ 405,911.52
C6 W21X62 4 12 4416 92 ₱ 258,733.44
C7 W27X114 4 12 8160 170 ₱ 478,094.40
TOTAL ₱ 4,486,587.84
APPENDICES
Width Length Thickness No. of Slab Volume Type of Cement Cement Sand Gravel Price
Floor Unique Name
m m m pcs cu. m. Class kg bags cu. m. cu. m. Cement Sand Gravel
S1 3.3333 10 0.125 6 24.99975 A 40 225 13 25 ₱ 52,200.00 ₱ 7,800.00 ₱ 20,000.00
S2 3.3333 10 0.125 118 491.66175 A 40 4425 246 492 ₱ 1,026,600.00 ₱ 147,600.00 ₱ 393,600.00
S3 3.3333 10 0.125 80 333.33 A 40 3000 167 334 ₱ 696,000.00 ₱ 100,200.00 ₱ 267,200.00
2F
S4 3.3333 10 0.125 36 149.9985 A 40 1350 75 150 ₱ 313,200.00 ₱ 45,000.00 ₱ 120,000.00
S5 3.3333 10 0.125 20 83.3325 A 40 750 42 84 ₱ 174,000.00 ₱ 25,200.00 ₱ 67,200.00
S6 3.3333 10 0.125 26 108.33225 A 40 975 55 109 ₱ 226,200.00 ₱ 33,000.00 ₱ 87,200.00
₱ 2,488,200.00 ₱ 358,800.00 ₱ 955,200.00
TOTAL ₱ 3,802,200.00
Floor Unique Name
S1 3.3333 10 0.125 6 24.99975 A 40 225 13 25 ₱ 52,200.00 ₱ 7,800.00 ₱ 20,000.00
S2 3.3333 10 0.125 118 491.66175 A 40 4425 246 492 ₱ 1,026,600.00 ₱ 147,600.00 ₱ 393,600.00
S3 3.3333 10 0.125 80 333.33 A 40 3000 167 334 ₱ 696,000.00 ₱ 100,200.00 ₱ 267,200.00
3F
S4 3.3333 10 0.125 36 149.9985 A 40 1350 75 150 ₱ 313,200.00 ₱ 45,000.00 ₱ 120,000.00
S5 3.3333 10 0.125 20 83.3325 A 40 750 42 84 ₱ 174,000.00 ₱ 25,200.00 ₱ 67,200.00
S6 3.3333 10 0.125 26 108.33225 A 40 975 55 109 ₱ 226,200.00 ₱ 33,000.00 ₱ 87,200.00
₱ 2,488,200.00 ₱ 358,800.00 ₱ 955,200.00
TOTAL ₱ 3,802,200.00
Floor Unique Name
S1 3.3333 10 0.125 4 16.6665 A 40 150 9 17 ₱ 34,800.00 ₱ 5,400.00 ₱ 13,600.00
S2 3.3333 10 0.125 96 399.996 A 40 3600 200 400 ₱ 835,200.00 ₱ 120,000.00 ₱ 320,000.00
S3 3.3333 10 0.125 56 233.331 A 40 2100 117 234 ₱ 487,200.00 ₱ 70,200.00 ₱ 187,200.00
4F
S4 3.3333 10 0.125 36 149.9985 A 40 1350 75 150 ₱ 313,200.00 ₱ 45,000.00 ₱ 120,000.00
S5 3.3333 10 0.125 20 83.3325 A 40 750 42 84 ₱ 174,000.00 ₱ 25,200.00 ₱ 67,200.00
S6 3.3333 10 0.125 26 108.33225 A 40 975 55 109 ₱ 226,200.00 ₱ 33,000.00 ₱ 87,200.00
₱ 2,070,600.00 ₱ 298,800.00 ₱ 795,200.00
TOTAL ₱ 3,164,600.00
Floor Unique Name
S1 3.3333 10 0.125 4 16.6665 A 40 150 9 17 ₱ 34,800.00 ₱ 5,400.00 ₱ 13,600.00
S2 3.3333 10 0.125 96 399.996 A 40 3600 200 400 ₱ 835,200.00 ₱ 120,000.00 ₱ 320,000.00
S3 3.3333 10 0.125 56 233.331 A 40 2100 117 234 ₱ 487,200.00 ₱ 70,200.00 ₱ 187,200.00
RF
S4 3.3333 10 0.125 36 149.9985 A 40 1350 75 150 ₱ 313,200.00 ₱ 45,000.00 ₱ 120,000.00
S5 3.3333 10 0.125 20 83.3325 A 40 750 42 84 ₱ 174,000.00 ₱ 25,200.00 ₱ 67,200.00
S6 3.3333 10 0.125 26 108.33225 A 40 975 55 109 ₱ 226,200.00 ₱ 33,000.00 ₱ 87,200.00
₱ 2,070,600.00 ₱ 298,800.00 ₱ 795,200.00
TOTAL ₱ 3,164,600.00
APPENDICES
Rebar Estimate for Mat Footing

Thickness Area Volume Price
Unique Name Weight of Bars
m cu. m pesos
Mat Footing 1.4 14366.64 20113.296 1263114.989 ₱ 28,420,087.25
TOTAL ₱ 28,420,087.25
Concrete Estimate for Mat Footing

Thickness Area Volume Type of Cement Cement Sand Gravel Price
Unique Name
m cu. m Class kg bags cu. m. cu. m. Cement Sand Gravel
Mat Footing 1.4 14366.64 20113.296 A 40 181020 10057 20114 ₱ 41,996,640.00 ₱ 6,034,200.00 ₱ 16,091,200.00
TOTAL ₱ 64,122,040.00
APPENDICES
ROUGH COST ESTIMATE

STRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGN-LRFD
Floor Unique Name
G1 W24X94 10 6 8400 140 ₱ 492,156.00
G2 W27X102 10 40 60800 152 ₱ 3,774,464.00
G3 W27X102 10 12 18240 152 ₱ 1,132,339.20
G4 W27X102 10 26 39520 152 ₱ 2,453,401.60
G5 W27X102 10 20 30400 152 ₱ 1,887,232.00
G6 W24X76 10 18 20340 113 ₱ 1,262,707.20
G7 W27X102 10 12 18240 152 ₱ 1,132,339.20
G8 W18X60 10 6 5340 89 ₱ 331,507.20
G9 W24X76 10 26 29380 113 ₱ 1,823,910.40
G10 W24X84 10 28 35000 125 ₱ 2,172,800.00
G11 W21X68 10 28 28280 101 ₱ 1,755,622.40
2nd Floor
G12 W24X76 10 8 9040 113 ₱ 561,203.20
G13 W24X76 10 16 18080 113 ₱ 1,122,406.40
G14 W24X76 10 8 9040 113 ₱ 561,203.20
G15 W24X68 10 6 6060 101 ₱ 376,204.80
G16 W14X38 10 20 11560 57.8 ₱ 717,644.80
B1 W14X211 10 68 213520 314 ₱ 13,255,321.60
B2 W14X193 10 22 63140 287 ₱ 3,919,731.20
B3 W14X193 10 58 166460 287 ₱ 10,333,836.80
B4 W14X211 10 20 62800 314 ₱ 3,898,624.00
B5 W14X398 10 48 284160 592 ₱ 17,640,652.80
B6 W27X539 10 18 144360 802 ₱ 8,961,868.80
TOTAL ₱ 79,567,176.80
Floor Unique Name
G1 W24X84 10 6 7500 125 ₱ 465,600.00
G2 W24X68 10 40 40400 101 ₱ 2,508,032.00
G3 W27X114 10 12 20400 170 ₱ 1,266,432.00
G4 W27X94 10 26 36400 140 ₱ 2,259,712.00
G5 W27X102 10 20 30400 152 ₱ 1,887,232.00
G6 W24X68 10 18 18180 101 ₱ 1,128,614.40
G7 W27X102 10 12 18240 152 ₱ 1,132,339.20
G8 W18X76 10 6 6780 113 ₱ 420,902.40
G9 W24X68 10 26 26260 101 ₱ 1,630,220.80
G10 W24X94 10 28 39200 140 ₱ 2,433,536.00
G11 W21X68 10 28 28280 101 ₱ 1,755,622.40
3rd Floor
G12 W24X76 10 8 9040 113 ₱ 561,203.20
G13 W24X76 10 16 18080 113 ₱ 1,122,406.40
G14 W24X76 10 8 9040 113 ₱ 561,203.20
G15 W18X50 10 6 4440 74 ₱ 275,635.20
G16 W14X22 10 20 6580 32.9 ₱ 408,486.40
B1 W14X233 10 68 235960 347 ₱ 14,648,396.80
B2 W14X193 10 22 63140 287 ₱ 3,919,731.20
B3 W14X193 10 58 166460 287 ₱ 10,333,836.80
B4 W14X211 10 20 62800 314 ₱ 3,898,624.00
B5 W14X398 10 48 284160 592 ₱ 17,640,652.80
B6 W27X539 10 18 144360 802 ₱ 8,961,868.80
TOTAL ₱ 79,220,288.00
Floor Unique Name
G1 W21X62 10 4 3680 92 ₱ 228,454.40
G2 W24X62 10 26 23920 92 ₱ 1,484,953.60
G3 W27X114 10 12 20400 170 ₱ 1,266,432.00
G4 W27X94 10 26 36400 140 ₱ 2,259,712.00
G5 W27X102 10 20 30400 152 ₱ 1,887,232.00
G6 W24X68 10 18 18180 101 ₱ 1,128,614.40
G7 W27X94 10 12 16800 140 ₱ 1,042,944.00
G8 W24X68 10 4 4040 101 ₱ 250,803.20
G9 W24X68 10 10 10100 101 ₱ 627,008.00
G10 W24X84 10 28 35000 125 ₱ 2,172,800.00
G11 W21X62 10 22 20240 92 ₱ 1,256,499.20
4th Floor
G12 W21X68 10 8 8080 101 ₱ 501,606.40
G13 W21X68 10 16 16160 101 ₱ 1,003,212.80
G14 W21X68 10 8 8080 101 ₱ 501,606.40
G15 W18X50 10 6 4440 74 ₱ 275,635.20
G16 W14X22 10 20 6580 32.9 ₱ 408,486.40
B1 W14X159 10 60 142200 237 ₱ 8,827,776.00
B2 W14X176 10 10 26200 262 ₱ 1,626,496.00
B3 W14X176 10 46 120520 262 ₱ 7,481,881.60
B4 W14X193 10 20 57400 287 ₱ 3,563,392.00
B5 W14X342 10 48 244320 509 ₱ 15,167,385.60
B6 W12X190 10 18 50940 283 ₱ 3,162,355.20
TOTAL ₱ 56,125,286.40
APPENDICES
Floor Unique Name
G1 W21X62 10 4 3680 92 ₱ 228,454.40
G2 W24X62 10 26 23920 92 ₱ 1,484,953.60
G3 W24X94 10 12 16800 140 ₱ 1,042,944.00
G4 W24X84 10 26 32500 125 ₱ 2,017,600.00
G5 W27X178 10 20 55200 276 ₱ 3,426,816.00
G6 W24X62 10 18 16560 92 ₱ 1,028,044.80
G7 W24X68 10 12 12120 101 ₱ 752,409.60
G8 W24X76 10 4 4520 113 ₱ 280,601.60
G9 W24X76 10 10 11300 113 ₱ 701,504.00
G10 W24X68 10 28 28280 101 ₱ 1,755,622.40
G11 W27X102 10 22 33440 152 ₱ 2,075,955.20
Roof Deck
G12 W21X55 10 8 6560 82 ₱ 407,244.80
G13 W18X50 10 16 11840 74 ₱ 735,027.20
G14 W21X55 10 8 6560 82 ₱ 407,244.80
G15 W16X36 10 6 3180 53 ₱ 197,414.40
G16 W14X22 10 20 6580 32.9 ₱ 408,486.40
B1 W12X170 10 60 151800 253 ₱ 9,423,744.00
B2 W14X109 10 10 16200 162 ₱ 1,005,696.00
B3 W14X426 10 46 291640 634 ₱ 18,105,011.20
B4 W14X120 10 20 35800 179 ₱ 2,222,464.00
B5 W14X109 10 48 77760 162 ₱ 4,827,340.80
B6 W14X120 10 18 32220 179 ₱ 2,000,217.60
TOTAL ₱ 54,534,796.80
Floor Unique Name
Roof G1 W12X53 10 24 18960 79 ₱ 1,177,036.80
TOTAL ₱ 1,177,036.80
APPENDICES
Floor Unique Name
C1 W14X38 6 4 1387.2 57.8 ₱ 86,117.38
C2 W36X441 6 12 47232 656 ₱ 2,932,162.56
C3 W33X201 6 28 50232 299 ₱ 3,118,402.56
C4 W36X262 6 70 163800 390 ₱ 10,168,704.00
C5 W33X201 6 4 7176 299 ₱ 445,486.08
2F
C6 W36X262 6 12 28080 390 ₱ 1,743,206.40
C7 W36X441 6 12 63576 883 ₱ 3,946,798.08
C8 W24X76 6 4 2712 113 ₱ 168,360.96
C9 W30X116 6 14 14532 173 ₱ 902,146.56
C10 W27X146 6 6 7812 217 ₱ 484,968.96
TOTAL ₱ 23,996,353.54
Floor Unique Name
C1 W36X232 6 4 8280 345 ₱ 514,022.40
C2 W33X318 6 12 34056 473 ₱ 2,114,196.48
C3 W33X169 6 28 42168 251 ₱ 2,617,789.44
C4 W36X395 6 70 246960 588 ₱ 15,331,276.80
C5 W33X387 6 4 13824 576 ₱ 858,193.92
3F
C6 W33X169 6 12 18072 251 ₱ 1,121,909.76
C7 W33X221 6 12 23688 329 ₱ 1,470,551.04
C8 W30X116 6 4 4152 173 ₱ 257,756.16
C9 W30X235 6 14 29400 350 ₱ 1,825,152.00
C10 W27X94 6 6 5040 140 ₱ 312,883.20
TOTAL ₱ 26,423,731.20
Floor Unique Name
C1 W30X148 6 4 5280 220 ₱ 327,782.40
C2 W33X221 6 12 23688 329 ₱ 1,470,551.04
C3 W24X94 6 28 23520 140 ₱ 1,460,121.60
4F C4 W27X281 6 70 175980 419 ₱ 10,924,838.40
C5 W33X141 6 4 5040 210 ₱ 312,883.20
C6 W27X102 6 12 10944 152 ₱ 679,403.52
C7 W30X148 6 12 15840 220 ₱ 983,347.20
TOTAL ₱ 16,158,927.36
Floor Unique Name
C1 W27X114 6 4 4080 170 ₱ 253,286.40
C2 W33X201 6 12 21528 299 ₱ 1,336,458.24
C3 W27X94 6 28 23520 140 ₱ 1,460,121.60
ROOF DECK C4 W27X161 6 70 100800 240 ₱ 6,257,664.00
C5 W33X141 6 4 5040 210 ₱ 312,883.20
C6 W21X57 6 12 6120 85 ₱ 379,929.60
C7 W27X114 6 12 12240 170 ₱ 759,859.20
TOTAL ₱ 10,760,202.24
APPENDICES
Floor Unique Name
S1 3.3333 10 0.125 6 24.99975 A 40 225 13 25 ₱ 52,200.00 ₱ 7,800.00 ₱ 20,000.00
S2 3.3333 10 0.125 118 491.66175 A 40 4425 246 492 ₱ 1,026,600.00 ₱ 147,600.00 ₱ 393,600.00
S3 3.3333 10 0.125 80 333.33 A 40 3000 167 334 ₱ 696,000.00 ₱ 100,200.00 ₱ 267,200.00
2F
S4 3.3333 10 0.125 36 149.9985 A 40 1350 75 150 ₱ 313,200.00 ₱ 45,000.00 ₱ 120,000.00
S5 3.3333 10 0.125 20 83.3325 A 40 750 42 84 ₱ 174,000.00 ₱ 25,200.00 ₱ 67,200.00
S6 3.3333 10 0.125 26 108.33225 A 40 975 55 109 ₱ 226,200.00 ₱ 33,000.00 ₱ 87,200.00
₱ 2,488,200.00 ₱ 358,800.00 ₱ 955,200.00
TOTAL ₱ 3,802,200.00
Floor Unique Name
S1 3.3333 10 0.125 6 24.99975 A 40 225 13 25 ₱ 52,200.00 ₱ 7,800.00 ₱ 20,000.00
S2 3.3333 10 0.125 118 491.66175 A 40 4425 246 492 ₱ 1,026,600.00 ₱ 147,600.00 ₱ 393,600.00
S3 3.3333 10 0.125 80 333.33 A 40 3000 167 334 ₱ 696,000.00 ₱ 100,200.00 ₱ 267,200.00
3F
S4 3.3333 10 0.125 36 149.9985 A 40 1350 75 150 ₱ 313,200.00 ₱ 45,000.00 ₱ 120,000.00
S5 3.3333 10 0.125 20 83.3325 A 40 750 42 84 ₱ 174,000.00 ₱ 25,200.00 ₱ 67,200.00
S6 3.3333 10 0.125 26 108.33225 A 40 975 55 109 ₱ 226,200.00 ₱ 33,000.00 ₱ 87,200.00
₱ 2,488,200.00 ₱ 358,800.00 ₱ 955,200.00
TOTAL ₱ 3,802,200.00
Floor Unique Name
S1 3.3333 10 0.125 4 16.6665 A 40 150 9 17 ₱ 34,800.00 ₱ 5,400.00 ₱ 13,600.00
S2 3.3333 10 0.125 96 399.996 A 40 3600 200 400 ₱ 835,200.00 ₱ 120,000.00 ₱ 320,000.00
S3 3.3333 10 0.125 56 233.331 A 40 2100 117 234 ₱ 487,200.00 ₱ 70,200.00 ₱ 187,200.00
4F
S4 3.3333 10 0.125 36 149.9985 A 40 1350 75 150 ₱ 313,200.00 ₱ 45,000.00 ₱ 120,000.00
S5 3.3333 10 0.125 20 83.3325 A 40 750 42 84 ₱ 174,000.00 ₱ 25,200.00 ₱ 67,200.00
S6 3.3333 10 0.125 26 108.33225 A 40 975 55 109 ₱ 226,200.00 ₱ 33,000.00 ₱ 87,200.00
₱ 2,070,600.00 ₱ 298,800.00 ₱ 795,200.00
TOTAL ₱ 3,164,600.00
Floor Unique Name
S1 3.3333 10 0.125 4 16.6665 A 40 150 9 17 ₱ 34,800.00 ₱ 5,400.00 ₱ 13,600.00
S2 3.3333 10 0.125 96 399.996 A 40 3600 200 400 ₱ 835,200.00 ₱ 120,000.00 ₱ 320,000.00
S3 3.3333 10 0.125 56 233.331 A 40 2100 117 234 ₱ 487,200.00 ₱ 70,200.00 ₱ 187,200.00
RF
S4 3.3333 10 0.125 36 149.9985 A 40 1350 75 150 ₱ 313,200.00 ₱ 45,000.00 ₱ 120,000.00
S5 3.3333 10 0.125 20 83.3325 A 40 750 42 84 ₱ 174,000.00 ₱ 25,200.00 ₱ 67,200.00
S6 3.3333 10 0.125 26 108.3323 A 40 975 55 109 ₱ 226,200.00 ₱ 33,000.00 ₱ 87,200.00
₱ 2,070,600.00 ₱ 298,800.00 ₱ 795,200.00
TOTAL ₱ 3,164,600.00
APPENDICES
Rebar Estimate for Mat Footing

Thickness Area Volume Price
Unique Name Weight of Bars
m cu. m pesos
Mat Footing 1.5 14271.75 21407.625 1344398.85 ₱ 30,248,974.13
TOTAL ₱ 30,248,974.13
Concrete Estimate for Mat Footing

Thickness Area Volume Type of Cement Cement Sand Gravel Price
Unique Name
m cu. m Class kg bags cu. m. cu. m. Cement Sand Gravel
Mat Footing 1.5 14271.75 21407.625 A 40 192669 10704 21408 ₱ 44,699,208.00 ₱ 6,422,400.00 ₱ 17,126,400.00
TOTAL ₱ 68,248,008.00
APPENDICES
APPENDIX C:
SOIL REPORT
APPENDICES
APPENDICES
APPENDICES
APPENDICES
APPENDICES
APPENDICES
APPENDICES
APPENDICES
APPENDICES
APPENDICES
APPENDICES
APPENDICES
APPENDICES
APPENDICES
APPENDICES
APPENDICES
APPENDIX D:
CURRICULUM
VITAE
APPENDICES
JOY-ANN F. GULLO
CIVIL ENGINEERING
Technological Institute of the Philippines – Manila
Email Address: joyanngullo99@gmail.com
Cellular Number: 09957504590
Address: 321 E. Quintos St. Sampaloc, Manila
CAREER OBJECTIVE
To exercise my knowledge about the field of civil engineering - a program accredited by the US-
based outcomes-oriented ABET (Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology),
Computing Accreditation Commission and to continuously enhance my skills by getting involved
in challenging work and environment
KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS
Studying in TIP with its orientation towards outcome-based education, I have acquired and can
demonstrate the following student outcomes necessary to the practice of the civil engineering
profession:
• Analyze complex problems and identify and define the civil engineering requirements appropriate
for solution.
• Basic Skills in AutoCAD and Revit

• Basic Skills in ETABS 2016
• Understand professional, ethical, legal, security and social issues and responsibilities relevant to
professional civil engineering.
SEMINAR AND TRAININGS
• 16 Hours Training in Project Estimates and Scheduling Using Mantrix Estimation Program
Via ZOOM
June 29-30, 2022
• Construction Occupational Safety and Health with 8-Hours Training

FRRHOS Training Center via ZOOM Video Conference
June 19-20 and 26-27, 2021
APPENDICES
• Design Thinking to students enrolled in Methods of Research and Design Project courses.
Via Zoom, Held on October 6, 2021
• "Konkreto Cares: Rebuilding our Mindsets"

Via Zoom, Held on May 20, 2021
• “A Guide to Transportation Engineering and Construction Management Program”

Via Zoom Held on March 26, 2021
• “Lifeline: A Symposium on Basic Rescue Training, Life-Saving and First Aid Technique”
Held at Polytechinc University of the Philippines-Manila on 2017
EXTRA AND CO-CURRICULAR ENGAGEMENT AND VOLUNTEER WORK
Philippine Institute of Certified Quantity Surveyors – T.I.P. Manila SC

Member
2021 – Present
American Concrete Institute of the Philippines – T.I.P. Manila SC

Member
2018 – Present
Association of Civil Engineering Philippine Institute - TIP Manila SC

Member
2018– Present
Safety Officer 2
2021- Present
OTHER SKILLS
• Computer Skills (MS Office: MS Word, MS Excel, and MS PowerPoint)

• Oral and Written Communication (English and Filipino)
• Organizational and Management Skills
• Can work under pressure, adaptable and trustworthy.
REFERENCE
Janette David Engr. Joevannie Lumagas

Student Discipline Coordinator Faculty Member
Technological Institute of the Philippines-Manila Technological Institute of the Philippines – Manila
cwtstipmanila@gmail.com
09232971815
APPENDICES
MARVIN R. RAMIREZ
CIVIL ENGINEERING

Email Address: marvin.ramirezph81@gmail.com
Address: 2648 Aurora Blvd. Sta. Cruz Manila
CAREER OBJECTIVE
To establish a career where I can demonstrate the intended learning outcomes of the Civil
Engineering program of Technological Institute of the Philippines (T.I.P.); a program accredited
by the US-based outcomes-oriented ABET (Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology),
Computing Accreditation Commission.
profession.
• Use modern techniques and tools of the civil engineering practice in complex activities.
• Basic Skills in ETABS 2O16
• Basic Skills in SAFE 2016
• Construction Occupational Safety and Health with 8-Hours Training

August 28-September 5 and September 25-26, 2021
• Design Thinking to students enrolled in Methods of Research and Design Project courses.
Via Zoom, Held on October 6, 2021
APPENDICES

Member
2021 – Present

Member
2021 – Present

Member
2021– Present
OTHER SKILLS
• Strong Work Ethic
REFERENCE
Engr. Joevannie Lumagas

Faculty Member
APPENDICES
AKINA S. SAKAMOTO
CIVIL ENGINEERING

Email Address: sakamotoakina@gmail.com
Address: San Jose, Occidental Mindoro
CAREER OBJECTIVE
To establish a career where I can demonstrate the intended learning outcomes of the Civil
Engineering program of Technological Institute of the Philippines (T.I.P.); a program accredited
by the US-based outcomes-oriented ABET (Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology),
Computing Accreditation Commission.
profession:
• Analyze complex problems and identify and define the civil engineering requirements appropriate
for solution.
• Use modern techniques and tools of the civil engineering practice in complex activities.

• Basic Skills in ETABS 2O16
• Basic Skills in SP Column
• Construction Occupational Safety and Health with 2-Hour Training of Trainer

June 19-20 and 26-27, 2021
APPENDICES
• Airport Planning and Design

Xstructures Engineering Consultants
September 24, 202
LEADERSHIP ACTIVITIES

Junior Officer
2018 – 2019
Supreme Student Council – T.I.P. Manila

Secretary
2019 – 2020

Vice President for Internal Affairs
2020 – 2021
Every Nation Campus – T.I.P. Manila

Vice President for Internal Affairs
2021 – Present

Member
2021 – Present

Member
2021 – Present

Member
2021– Present
OTHER SKILLS
• Leadership Skills
• Organizational and Management Skills
• Strong Work Ethic
REFERENCE
Ms. Meibel Dabodabo Engr. Joevannie Lumagas

Librarian Faculty Member
Asian Theological Seminary Technological Institute of the Philippines – Manila
meibelleambassador@gmail.com
09062559177

GROUP 67 - Aero Con Aislamiento - CAPS 2 (Revised)

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GROUP 67 - Aero Con Aislamiento - CAPS 2 (Revised)

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TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

1338 Arlegui St., Quiapo, Manila

A Capstone Design (CE 441 CE Design Project 2)

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for The Degree of

A Design of 4-Storey Integrated Airport with Isolation Facility Adopting

GULLO, JOY ANN F.

Engr. Jexter Tuazon Engr. Joevannie Emmanuel Lumagas

Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a final grade of ______.

Engr. Rolls Grant Vasquez

Panelist, Engr. Kay Guanlao Panelist, Engr. Rhonalyn B. Florido

Dr. Gerardo C. Malab

Dr. Marianne L. Yumul EE, Asean Engr

Chapter 1: Introduction ............................................................................................................... 2

• 1.2 Location Map ............................................................................................................. 10

• 1.3 The Client................................................................................................................... 11

• 1.4 Project Objectives ...................................................................................................... 12

• 1.5 Project Scope And Limitation .................................................................................... 13

Chapter 2: Design Inputs ........................................................................................................... 16

• 2.2 Structural Schematic Plan .......................................................................................... 39

• 2.3 Table Of Initial Members........................................................................................... 48

Chapter 3: Pre Design Analysis ................................................................................................. 80

3.1.1 Codes, Standards And References ................................................................................ 80

• 3.2 Mathematical Analysis Model .............................................................................. 101

3.2.1 3d Geometric Model ................................................................................................... 102

3.3.1 Dead Load By Self-Weight Manual ........................................................................... 185

3.4.1 Soil Report .................................................................................................................. 248

• 3.6 Frame Analysis ....................................................................................................... 266

3.6.1 Irregularity Check ....................................................................................................... 266

3.6.1.1.2 Load Combination ............................................................................................ 279

3.7.1 Slab ............................................................................................................................. 317

3.8.1 Beams ......................................................................................................................... 367

3.9.1 Beams ......................................................................................................................... 382

• 3.11 Foundation Design (USD) .................................................................................... 430

3.11.1 Design Flow Chart For Foundation .......................................................................... 430

3.12.1 Drift Check ............................................................................................................... 454

• 4.2 Design Constraints ................................................................................................. 478

4.2a Strength Check............................................................................................................. 478

4.2e Others ........................................................................................................................... 487

• 4.4 Design Tradeoffs .................................................................................................... 492

4.4.1 Sensitivity Analysis ................................................................................................ 492

Chapter 5: Final Design............................................................................................................ 498

5.1.1 Computer Generated Seismic Base Shear Calculation ............................................... 498

5.2.1 Final Structural Plan ................................................................................................... 509

Figure 1.1 Photovoltaic Glass........................................................................................................ 3

Figure. 3.10 Elevation Views Along G1-B ................................................................................. 108

Figure. 3.90 Elevation Views Along G1-6.................................................................................. 163

Figure 3.130 Applied Storey Forces at X-Direction .................................................................. 227

Figure 3.209 3D Geometric Model-LRFD ................................................................................. 433

Table 1.1 Estimated Schedule of Loads ......................................................................................... 3

Table 3.7 Design Dead Load of Roof for Gate ............................................................................ 88

Table 3.45 Load of the Structure – Steel .................................................................................... 217

Table 4.17 Trade-off Analysis 3 ................................................................................................. 493

1.1 THE PROJECT BACKGROUND

From Solar Edition [Image], 2021

According to Project Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards (NOAH), Barangay

4. Committee room, common room, 1.0

1.2 LOCATION MAP

Brgy. Cogunan Nasugbu, Batangas

From Google Earth [Image], 2022

1.3 THE CLIENT

Official logo of Department of Health Official logo of Department of

1.4 PROJECT OBJECTIVES

The Project aims: