MQC DO HQNG THU HOC TAP

CUA SINH VIEN TRUONG DAI HOC

THUONG M/^L DOI VOI MON
N H Q N G NGUYEN LY CO BAN
CUA CHU NGHIA M A C - LENIN
TS. Dang Thj Van - ThS. Bang Birc Hodn
Dgi hpe Nong nghiip Hd Ndi.
ThS. Bang Thi Hoai
Dgi hpe Thuang mai Hd Ndi.

i I
TOM TAT
Kit qud nghiin cidi eho tlidy, himg thu hpe tap ciia sinh viin vdi hpc phdn ndy
d mUc trung binh. Phdn tdn sinh viin chua ed thdi dp vd hdnh dpng hpc tap tich cite.
Ki't qud hoc tap hpe phdn mdi chi dgl d mUe trung binh. Nguyin nhdn chit ye'u ehua
gdy hUng thit hpc tap cho hp Id ehua cd phuang phdp hpe tap hcrp ly, tinh ehu ddng
sdng tgo trong hpe tap edn thdp. Ngodi ra, mdn hpe khd, trdu tuang; phucmg phdp
gidng dgy ciia gidng viin chua hap ly ciing la cde nguyen nhdn co bdn dan di'n hUng
thit hpc tap ciia sinh viin ehua eao.
Til khoa: HUng thit; HUng thd hpe tap; Sinh vien.
Ngdy nhan bdi: 10/10/2012; Ngdy duyet ddng bdi: 25/11/2012.

1. Dat van de
Hung thu la mdt thai dp dac bidt cia con ngudi dd'i vdi mdt dd'i tuinig
nao dd vtta ed y nghia vdi ca nhan, vtta mang lai cho ca nhan khodi cam trong
qua trinh hoat ddng [2, tr. 73]. Theo tae gia Mdrdzdva N.G.: Hung thtt eua ea
nhan vdi mdt ddi tupng ndo dd dupc xdc djnh qua hidu bid't eua hp vd ddi
tupng, ed su thich thu dd'i vdi dd'i tupng dd va thd hidn qua tlnh tieh cue boat
ddng.
Hung thu ldm nay sinh sdng tao, khao khdt tim tdi cai mdi, tang hidu qua
boat ddng cua cd nhan. Nd'u sinh vidn cd httng thu vdi mdn hpc, hp se thd hidn

TAPCHfTAMLynpC, Sd 12 (165), 12-2012 53

su tap trung cao dd trong gid hpe trdn Idp, trong qud trinh tu nghidn cun tai
lidu; hp say md, hdp ddn bdi ndi dung, ^ nghia eia mdn hpc; hp chi ddng tim
kid'm nhung kid'n thtte mdi ngpdi bdi gidng trdn ldp cia gidng vidn, nhttng kidn
thtte giao trinh da dd cap.
Hpe phdn nhiing nguyin ly ca bdn ctia chti nghTa Mde - Linln la mdt hex
phdn thidn vd ly luan, cd tlnh khdi qudt vd trttu tupng cap, vi thd nhidu sinh vidn
ed tam ly sp hpc, thid'u su thi'ch thu, dam md vdi hpc phdn ndy. Khdng It sinh
vidn cho rdng day la mdn hpc phu, khdng cdn thid't ndn hp hoc vdi tlnh ehdt ddi
phd, chidu Id.
Vice tim bidn phap tang cudng httng thu hpc tap cho sinh vidn dd'i vdi
bdl ky hpc phdn ndo la nhidm vu thidt ydu eua giang vidn phu trdeh. Vi thd', tim
hidu thtic trang mtte dd hung thu cua sinh vidn Trttdng Dai hpc ThttOng mai Hd
Ndi dd'i vdi hpe phdn nhiing nguyin ly ca bdn ciia chd nghia Mde - Lenin, qua
dd dd xudt eac bidn phdp bdi dudng httng thu eua hp vdi hpe phdn ndy Id ndi
dung chi'nh dttpc dc cap trong nghidn cun nay.
2. Phuang phap nghien ciiru
Nghidu cun chi yd'u dupc thuc hidn bdng phttOng phdp didu tra bdng
bang hdi ca nhan. Ngodi ra, phuong phdp phdng vdn sau cung dttpc s i dung dd
bd sung thdng tin trong qua trinh phan ti'eh djnh tinh.
Trong pham vi nghidn eun nay, httng thu hpe tap cua sinh vidn ddi vdi
hpc phdn duoc xem xet qua hai bidu hidn chi yd'u Id; (1) Thdi dd cua sinh vidn
dd'i vdi hpc phdn (ydu - ghet, thich - khdng thich) bao gdm 10 mdnh dd, dd tin
cay 0,69; (2) Hdnh ddng hpe tap (tu hpc, tu nghidn cun; trap ddi; ndu thdc
mde...) bap gdm 7 mdnh dd, dCi tin cay 0,'73.
Mtte dp hung thu cua sinh vidn dd'i vdi hpe phdn dupc danh gid qua kdt
qua tdng didm trung binh vd thdi dd va hdnh ddng hpe tap cia hp. Mdi thang do
thdi dp, hanh ddng hpe tap ed nhidu mdnh dd (bidu hidn eu thd) va mdi mdnh
dd ed 5 phuong dn tra ldi vdi sd didm tuong ttng nhu sau; hoan todn dung (5
didm), phdn ldn Id dung (4 didm), nia dung nia sai (3 didm), sai nhidu hon
dung (2 didm), hoan todn sai (1 didm). Cac mdnh dd am tlnh ed didm sd quy
ude ngttoe lai.
Mtte dp hung thu trong hpe tap ndi ehung, trong cdc bidu hidn tam ly cu
the (thai dp va hdnh ddng) ndi ridng duoc chia mdt cdch tuong dd'i thanh eac
mtte ddnh gia sau; mtte cao (tieh cilc): 4 - 5 did'm, mtte kha (khd ti'eh eiie): 3 -
dttdi 4 didm, inttc trung binh (chtta tieh cue): 2 - dttdi 3 diem, mtte thdp (tidu
CIIC); dttdi 2 diem.
Khdeh the tham gia nghidn eun Id 180 sinh vidn khoa Thupng mai didn
ti, Kd todn - Kiem loan vd Kinh td cia Trttdng Dai hpc Thttdng mai Ha Ndi.

54 TAPCHfTAMLynpCSd 12(165), 12-2012

Kd't qua didu tra dupe xtt ly bdng phdn mdm thd'ng kd SPSS (phidn ban 13.0).

3. Kdt qua nghien ciiu

3.1. Mde dp hdng thu cda sinh viin ddi vdi hpc phdn nhiing nguyin ly
ca bdn cda Chu nghia Mde - Linin

3.1.1. Hdng thd ctia sinh viin ddi vdi mdn nhiing nguyin ly ca bdn cua
Chu nghia Mde - Linin thi hiin qua Ihdi dp ddi vdi hpe phdn
Kd't qua nghidn ein thue tidn vd thang do thai dd dd'i vdi hpc phdn nhiing
nguyin ly cd bdn cua Chii nghia Mac - Linin dupc trlnh bay d bdng 1.

Bdng 1: Himg thu hpe tap cda sinh vien the hiin qua Ihdi dip ddi vdi hpe phdn

STT c a c biiu hien thai do hoc tap cua sinh vien DTB DLC
1 Theo 161 mfin hpc nay khfing nen dua vao chucmg trinh hoc vi 2,30 1,22
khOng cdn thiet *
2 Nhiing nguyen ly co ban cua Chu nghia Mac - Lfinin la mOn 2,42 1,09
can thie't dfi'i vdi sinh vien dai hoc
3 Ne'u khfing dat duoc thanh tich tdt uong mfin hoc se khfing 2.79 1,24
thi'ch mOn hoc nay*
4 Toi rai ghet mfin nhung nguyen ly co ban ciia Chu nghia Mac 2,90 1,12
- Lenin*
5 Mon nhiing nguyen ly co ban cua Chu nghia Mac - Lenin la 2,69 1,16
mfin qua khfi khan, nham chan*
6 Trong ta't ca cac mfin hoc khoa Ly luan (Thinh tti, tfii thich 2,47 1,25
nha't mfin nhiing nguyen ly co ban cua Chu nghia Mac - Lenin
7 Dfin gid hoc mfin nhiing nguyen ly co ban ciia Chu nghia Mac 2,36 0,91
- Lenin tdi ddu cam thjfy rat thich Ihii
8 Tfii rat thi'ch tim hi& cac tai lieu vi mOn nhung nguyen ly co 1,99 0,93
ban cua Chu nghTa Mac - Lenin
9 Tfii nhan tha'y mOn hoc nay rai cd hihig thd Ifii cufi'n cac ban 1,96 0,91
sinh vien
10 Tfii lufin chd doi de'n gid hpc mfin mOn nhimg nguyen ly co 1,93 0,95
ban ciia Chu nehia Mac - Lenin
Diem trung binh chung thang do thai dfi 2,61 1,06

Ghi chii: Diem cao nhdt Id 5, thdp nhd'l Id 1; DTB cdng cao sinh viin cdng the hien Ihdi c
tich cue; Nhitng menh de cd ddu* duac dSi nguac diem khi xit ly.

TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, So 12 (165), 12 - 2012 55

 Sd lidu d bang 1 eho thdy, phdn ldn sinh vidn ed thdi dd chua tich cue
ddi vdi mdn hpc (DTB; 2,61 - ndm trong thang ddnh gid b mtte chtta ti'ch cue).
Nhidu sinh vidn chtta cd tam thd sdn sdng ddn chd budi hpc (DTB; 1,93 - mtte
tidu cue). Bdn canh dd, vdn cdn khdng it sinh vidn tham gia hpc phdn dp ydu
cdu bat bude trong chupng trinh ddo tao, chtt khdng phdi xudt phdt ttt tlnh lit
gidc hay nhu cdu hidu bid't nhttng kidn Ihttc cua hpc phdn. Nhidu sinh vidn
khdng thIeh tim hidu cac kid'n thtte, lai lidu lidn quan ddn mdn hpe (DTB; 1,99).
Phdn nhicu sinh vidn khdng hdp httng mdi khi tham gia gid hpe cua hpe phdn
(DTB; 2,36). Con khdng It sinh vidn td thdi dd ghdt, thd 0, khdng quan tam ddn
hpc phdn ndy (DTB; 2,90).
Cung qua sd lidu didu tra cho thdy, tam IJJ cia khdng It sinh vidn Id coi
nang didm sd dat dttpc khi tham gia hpc phdn ndy. Hp hpc vdi muc dich khdng
phai thi lai, hpc lai. Chung tdi thid't nghT, dd hinh thdnh hung thtt thue su vdi
mdn hpe, didu quan trpng la y nghTa cia mdn hpc nay giup eho sinh vidn hinh
thanh tu duy khoa hpe phuc vu eho vide hoe tap cde mdn hpc khac trong
chuong trinh ddo tao dai hpe eung nhu phue vu cho cdng tac nghd nghidp sau
khi hp tdt nghidp ra trudng. Cdn khdng It sinh vidn eho rdng niu khdng dgt
dttdc thdnh lich td't trong mdn hpc se khdng thich mdn hpc ndy (DTB: 2,79).
Qua kd't qua ndy, nhttng ngttdi ldm cdng tdc giang day cdn chu trpng ddi mdi
phupng phdp giang day theo hudng tich eire, hudng vdo ngudi hpe, giup hp tu
tim, kid'm, phat hidn eai hay, cdi cd gid trj eia kid'n thtte mdn hpc, ttt dd bdi
dudng httng thu hpe tap cho sinh vidn qua tttng tidt hpe, budi hpe chtt khdng
phai xudt phdt ttt su hap hung hay thid'u hung thu vdi didm sd cao hay thdp cua
ban than sinh vidn. Khi sinh vidn hidu rd gid trj eia kid'n thtte mdn hpe, hp se
cd ddng lue thuc day nhu cdu hidu bid't, khdm phd kid'n thtte cia hp ma khdng
phai mue di'eh duy nhdt la didm sd dat dupc eia mdn hpc.
Qua phan tich trdn chttng tdi rut ra nhan xdt sau: Phdn ldn sinh vidn
Trudng Dai hpe Thupng mai trong didn didu tra chua cd thdi dd hpc tap ti'eh
ctlc. Cdn khdng It sinh vidn vdn ddnh gid mdn hpc khd, khd khan vd ehua thu
hut, gay hdp ddn vdi hp ndn hp thuc stt chtta ed hung thu hpe tap dd'i vdi hpc
phdn nay. Vi thd, vide cing cd, bdi dudng thdi dd hpe tap tich cue cho sinh vidn
phai kd dd'n vai trd cia ngudi gidng vidn. Nhttng kid'n thtte thue tidn cdn ldng
ghdp mdt cdeh linh boat, nhttng vl du thuc tidn sinh ddng, nhttng khi'ch Id, ddng
vidn, khen ngpi sinh vidn trong tttng tidt hpc se cd tde dung kieh thich su td md,
ydu thi'eh mdn hpc eia ho.
Thuc ra, mdi hoc phdn dupc dua vap chuong tnnh dao tao cho sinh vidn
d bac dai hpc ddu ed gid trj nhdt djnh dd'i vdi vide phdt tridn nhan each sinh
vidn nhtt mdt nhan lue irong mCit ITnh vue nghd nhdt djnh. Kid'n thtte eua hpc
phdn nhiing nguyin ly cd bdn cda Chu nghia Mac - Linin giup eho sinh vidn
hinh thdnh mdt phttdng phdp luan tu duy Idgi'c rdt cdn eho eudc sd'ng eung nhu

56 TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd 12 (165), 12 - 2012

trong hoat ddng nghd nghidp. Tuy nhidn, cac kd't qua phdng vdn sau cho thdy
khdng It sinh vidn chua hieu gia trj cia mdn hpc, khdng It sinh vidn cdn cho
rdng mdn hpe nay khdng edn thid't dua vao ehttong tnnh ddo tao (DTB: 2,30).
Mdt nam sinh vidn khoa Kidm loan - Kd todn chia se: "Mdn hpc ndy khdng
phdi mdn sd trudng cda em, bdi em thdy kii'n thdc eua mdn hpc rdt trim tupng,
khd hieu. Han nda, em hpc chuyin ngdnh Kiim todn - Ki todn chdc cdng
khdng cdn sit dung kiin thdc cda mdn hpc ndy vdo nghe nghiip nin em it quan
tdm vd ddu tu cdng sire, thdi gian cho mdn hpc... Kd't qua nghidn cttu thuc tidn
ndu trdn se Id su gpi md quan trpng dd'i vdi giang vidn trong qud trinh tim bidn
phdp tae ddng phi hpp nhdm bid'n ddi thdi dd tidu cue cia sinh vidn dd'i vtSi
mdn hpe.
3.1.2. Hitng thu ctia sinh viin biiu hiin qua hdnh ddng hpc tap hpc phdn
nhiing nguyin ly cd bdn cua Chti nghia Mde - Linin
Sd lidu trinh bdy d bang 2 eho tha'y, sinh vidn chua chi ddng, tich cue
tham gia gid hpc, tid'p can kid'n thtte cia hpe phdn n/ijftij nguyin ly ca bdn cua
Chd nghia Mac - Lenin (DTB: 2,71). Mac di da sd sinh vidn nhan dinh trpng
gid hpc mdn nay, hp khdng ed hanh ddng hpc dd'i phd bang each cd mat d ldp
nhung lai tranh thi hpe mdn hpe khae (DTB: 1,53). Xdt d khia eanh y thtte, day
la bidu hidn cia su tdn trpng gido vidn cia sinh vidn. Tuy nhidn, xdt d khia
canh hiing thu, mac du sinh vidn khdng hpe mdn khae trong thdi gian dang
tham du mdn nay nhung khdng thd hidn tlnh chi ddng linh hdi kid'n thtte bdng
each phdt bidu y kid'n, tid'n hdnh trao ddi, gidi quyd't cdc cau hdi, cac vdn dd ma
gidng vidn va sinh vidn khac ndu ra... cho thdy hp eung chua thd hidn tlnh tich
cue mpt each ro ndt trong hdnh vi hpc tap. Song bidu hidn nay se la co sd, didu
kidn thuan loi ban ddu de sinh vidn tap trung nghe giang, quan tam dd'n kid'n
thtte ma giang vidn httdng ddn, chia se trong gid hpc.

Bdng 2: Hdng thu ctia sinh viin biiu hien qua hdnh ddng hpc tap

STT Cac bieu hien ciia hanh dong hoc tap DTB DLC
1 Trong idli hpc mfin nhiing nguyen ly co ban cua Chii nghia 1,53 0,93
Mac - Lenin tOi thudng tranh thu hoc mOn hoc khSc*
2 Trong khi hoc mdn hpc nay, tOi thudng suy nghi Iam th^ nao 3,39 1,19
di hoc cho tfit hon
3 Khi hpc, tfii thudng xuyfin phat bi^u y kidn, trao ddi vdi giao 2,36 1,14
vien va sinh vien khac
4 Trong qua trinh hpc mfin nhiing nguyen ly ca ban cua Chu 2,44 1,18
nghia Mac - Lenin, nfiu gap phai khfi khan tfii thudng chia se
vdi giao vien va sinh vien khac

TAP CHI TAM Ly HOC, Sd 12 (165), 12 - 2012 57

 5 Thdi gian ranh rdi tfii rat ft khi chii ddng nghidn ciSu mfin hpc 2,27 1,21
nay*
6 Tfii khfing nhihig tham gia gid day ciia gi^ng vien 6 tren ldp, 2,07 1,05
ma cdn chii dOng tu hpc va nghien ciiu tai lieu lien quan d^n
mfin nSy
7 Hang ngay, tfii ihudng xuyen lu dpc vil nghien cihi mfin nhihig 1.96 0,83
nguven IV CO ban cua Chu nehla M^c - Lenin
Diem trung binh chung thang do hanh vi hoc tap 2,71 0,61
Ghi chu: Di/m cao nhat Id 5. tiid'p nhdi Id I: DTB cdng cao sinh viin cdng thi hiin hdnh
ddng tich cue; Nh&ng menh de cd ddu* dugc diii ngugc di/m khi xii ly.

Khd nhidu sinh vidn da bidt tim kid'm phuong phap ITnh hdi kidn thtte sao
eho phtt hpp vdi tlnh chat cia mdn hpc. Tuy nhidn, nhung hdnh dCing thidt thuc
hon vd ed y nghTa quan trpng hpn giup sinh vidn ed thd tid'p can kidn thtte mflt
each dd dang, hidu qua hon nhtt tim kid'm su giup dd eia gidng vidn hay trao
ddi vdi sinh vidn khde khi gap nhttng kid'n thtte ehua hidu, nhiing vdn dd khd
khan gap phai trong qud trinh hpe tap hpe phdn ndy thi chua dttpc sinh vidn chii
trpng (DTB ldn IttOt Id 2,36; 2,44 - mtte chtta tieh cue).
Phdn nhieu sinh vidn chua bid't tan dung thdi gian ranh rdi cung nhu
ehua tap lap thdi quen td't va rdt ed y nghia trong qud trinh hpe tap hpc phdn
nay la tu hpc, tir nghidn cun.
Mdt giang vidn day mdn hpc ndy eho bid't: "Nhin chung sinh viin tham
gia hpc tap Ihu ddng, chdm ehii nghe vd ghi chip Id chit yiu, cd mdt sd sinh
viin cdn ngdi ndi chuyin vd ldm viec rieng trong gid hpc. Rdt it sinh vien phdt
biiu y kiin, mdt phdn cdng do luryng kien thilc nhieu so thdi gian quy dinh, nen
gidng viin cung it ddt cdu hdi, tinh hudng. Cd chdng thi gidng vien ddt cdu hdi
vd tit trd Irii di sinh vien hiiu dudc vdn di ly ludn dang duac de cap. Vi thiiu
tinh chii ddng nin cung it sinh vien thdc mac hay ddt cdu hdi eho gidng viin vd
sinh viin khde...
Qua sir nhin nhan va ddnh gid so bd eua giang vidn trtic tid'p giang day
eung nhu qua sd lidu phan ti'ch d trdn cho thdy tinh ti'eh cue chu ddng, tu gidc
trong hpe tap cia sinh vien cdn ban ehd'. Vide day hpc bdng tinh hud'ng hay
hudng ddn phttPng phdp ttt hpe, tu nghidn cttu cho sinh vidn rdt cdn su quan tam
dp dung eia giang vidn, ed nhu vay mdi giam thdi gian thuydt trinh eia gidng
vidn d trdn Idp, tang tlnh tttdng tdc giua giang vidn vd sinh vidn trong day hpc.

3.1.3. Ddnh gid chung hting thu hpc tap ctia sinh viin ddi vdi hpc phdn
nhiing nguyin ly ca bdn cda Chti nghia Mde - Lenin

58 TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd 12 (165), 12 - 2012

 • HCriiB thii

Bie'u dd I: Miic dp himg thit eiia sinh viin ddi vdi hoc phdn

Kd't qua tdng hpp diem trung binb vd nhung bidu hidn trong httng thu
cia sinh vidn dd'i vdi hpc phdn nhiing nguyin ty ca bdn cua Chd nghia Mde -
Linin eho thdy, hanh ddng hpc tap the hidn rd hon so vdi thai dd, song mtte dp
hung thu eua hp vdi hpc phdn nay ehi d mtte trung binh. Kdt qua nay ed thd
dupe ly gidi nhu sau: "Nhiing nguyin ly ca bdn cua Chit nghia Mde - Linin Id
hpe phdn ly luan ed tlnh chat trttu tupng, khdi quat cao vl the khdng It sinh vidn
tham gia mdt each bi ddng (nghe va ghi chep la ehi yd'u), phu thude phan ldn
vdp bdi thuydt trinh eia giang vidn. Ti'nh chi ddng khde phuc mpi khd khan
trong qud trinh hpc tap mdn hpc ndy (nhu gap mdt khdi nidm khd, mdt vdn dd
trim tuong...), trao ddi, chia se kinh nghidm ttt giang vidn, sinh vidn khac khdng
phai Id mdi quan tam cia nhidu sinh vidn. Cdn nhidu sinh vidn khdng ldn ke
hoach hang ngdy hay vao nhttng luc ranh rdi dd sim tdm, dpe va nghidn cttu tdi
lidu lidn quan dd'n mdn hpc. Chi ddng ndu thdc mde, ndu cau hdi dd cung giang
vidn va sinh vidn khac giai quyd't nhdm md rdng kid'n thtte mdn hpc la nhirng
bidu hidn ti'ch cue trong hanh vi hpc tap lai khdng dupe sinh vidn s i dung va
phdt huy. Vide tham gia hpc tap mdt each bdt buoc theo chuong trinh hoc cdn
la tam ly eua hdu hd't sinh vidn.

Mdt thtte td cho thdy, nhiing nguyin ly ca bdn cda Chu nghia Mde -
Linin hay bdt ctt mdn khoa hpc ndp trong chttPng trlnh ddo tao dai hpe bj sinh
vidn quy gdn la mdn phu, khdng quan trpng eung ddn dd'n tinh trang sinh vidn
khdng cd gdng hpe, ma nang tam ly hpe dd ddp ting di didu kidn khdng phai
hpc lai, thi lai. Thdi dd hpe tap chua tu giac, thti ddng, ddi khi edn mang tlnh
ehdt (idi phd vdi giang vidn va ngay cd vdi ban than vd tinh trd thdnh nhttng rao

TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd 12 (165), 12 - 2012 59

can tam ly kim ham tinh tich eire trong qua trinh hpe tap nhttng mdn hpe dd
eua hp.
Qua kd't qud phan dnh ndu Irdn, eau hdi ldn cdn dupc dat ra ddi vdi
nhttng ngttdi iam cdng tae gidng day vdi hpe phdn nhiing nguyin ty cd bdn etia
Chd nghia Mde - Lenin la lam thd niio dd phdt huy tlnh ti'ch cue trong hpe tap
cia sinh vidn? Co bidn phdp tdc ddng phi hpp mdi gdp phdn nang cao hidu qua
hpe tap hpc phdn ndy cung nhu bdi dudng hung thu, dam md hpc tap cia sinh
vidn.
3.2. Kit qud hoe tdp hoc phdn nhiing nguyin ly ca bdn cua Chti nghia
Mde - Linin

Biiu do 2: Phdn logi kit qua hpc tap hpc phdn

Qua sd lidu bidu dd 2 cho thdy, kd't qua hpe tap cua sinh vidn trong didn
didu tra chi yd'u dat mtte C va D vdi ty Id % ldn Ittot la 38,3 vd 40,6. Chi co
13,3% sinh vidn ed kdt qua hpc tap loai B. Mac dtt loai F chid'm ty Id khdng
dang kd nhttng loai A hdu he't sinh vidn khdng dat dupe (0,6%). Didm trung
binh hpe phdn d tdng sd sinh vidn trong didn didu tra dat 6,34 didm (dat mtte C,
thang didm 10). Sd lidu thdng kd eho thdy phdn Idn sinh vidn ehua cd kd't qua
nhu mong dpi cia giang vidn cung nhu bdn than sinh vidn. Cho du kd't qua nay
do nhidu nguydn nhan song hung thu hpc tap cung ehi phd'i khdng nhd. Xem
xdt mdi tuong quan gitta mtte dd httng thu va kd't qua hpc tap cho thdy chung cd

60 TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd 12 (165), 12 - 2012

md'i tUdng quan ty Id thuan vi tuong dd'i manh (vdi r = 0,61; p < 0,05). Kd't qua
nay cho phdp ehung ta ly giai nhu sau; nd'u sinh vidn ed hung thu eao trong hpc
tap thi kd't qua hpc t$p cao va ngupc lai nd'u sinh vidn thidu dam md hpe tap
cung se la nguydn nhan ddn dd'n kd't qua tdi. Tuy nhidn, eung qua kd't qua' phan
tieh tuong quan eho thdy hung thu hpc tap cia sinh vidn khdng phdi la yd'u td
duy nhdt quyd't dinh kd't qua hpe tap eia sinh vidn. Phuong phap giang day eia
giang vidn, phuong phap hpc cia sinh vidn cung ed anh hudng nhdt dinh.
3.3. Cdc nguyen nhdn chua tgo hdng thu hoc tdp cho sinh viin ddi vdi
mdn nhitng nguyin ly ca bdn cua Chii nghia Mac - Lenin
Trong cdc nguydn nhan ma chung tdi gpi md thi nguydn nhan khach
quan ndi bat nhdt theo danh gia cia sinh vidn la "Mdn hpc qud khd vd trUu
tupng (DTB: 1,81). Mdt sinh vidn ntt khoa Kinh td chia se: "Em thtte stt chua cd
hdng thu vdi mdn hpe ndy, em thd'y kiin thde Ihi rpng, trilu tupng, khd tii'p can
bdi le kii'n thdc thien vi ly lugn Id chinh nin hpc xong ba tiii em cdm thdy rdt
met mdi". Su chia se eua sinh vidn chp thdy, chlnh suy nghi va quan nidm nay
cia hp da vd tinh trd thdnh trd ngai tam ly ldn can trd qua trinh tham gia tich
cue eia hp trpng gid hpe mdn ndy. Hp chtta phat huy tinh thdn hpp tac, chia se,
xay dung bdi cung gidng vidn. Mdt phdn cd thd do sinh vidn chua nhin nhan
dung vai trd cia mdn hpe, mdt phdn cd the phuong phap eua giang vidn ehua
phu hpp vdi dac didm tam ly eia sinh vidn ndn chua khoi gpi httng thtt hpc tap
cho hp.

Thtte td, day la mdn hpc mang tinh khai quat va trim tttpng. Cac kid'n
thtte la nhttng ly luan vd su van ddng va phat tridn cua su vat hidn tuong, nhttng
nguydn ly, nguyen tdc luan... Tuy nhidn, nd'u ed phuong phap ddn ddt, dat vdn
dd eia giang vidn mdt cdch hpp ly, phu hop vdi tam ly sinh vidn; hay nhttng
ttng dung thue tidn da dang, sinh ddng gdn gui va thiet thue vdi cude sd'ng cia
sinh vidn dupc Idng ghep hdi hda se giup sinh vidn tid'p can vd hidu kid'n thtte
khdng qua khd khan. Y kid'n ddnh gia eua sinh vidn qua nghien ciiu thuc tidn
cung se la mdt sir gpi md quan trpng ddi vdi gidng vidn trong vide cai tid'n
phttOng phdp giang day dd sinh vidn cd thd dd dang tid'p can kid'n thtte. Du kid'n
thtte khd, trim tupng nhung cd each thtte ehuyen tai hpp ly cia giang vidn, ddi
khi pha thdm ehttt hai httde eung se nay sinh nhttng cam xtte tich cue hpc tap
cia sinh vidn.
PhttPng phap gidng day cia giang vidn theo danh gia cia nhieu sinh vidn
Id chua phi h(?p (DTB: 2,23). Mdt giang vidn day lau nam hoe phdn nhitng
nguyen ly cd bdn cua Chd nghia Mde - Linin chia se': "Theo tdi mdi mdn hpc
deu cdn mot phudng phdp riing, mdi phdn, mdi ehuang Igi phdi linh hogt sir
dttng cdc phuang thtic chuyin tdi kiin thdc khde nhau. Ddy Id mdn hpc cd tinh
khdi qudt cao nen trong qud trinh gidng dgy tdi ciing long ghep kiin thiic thue

TAPCHfTAMLyHpC,Sdl2(165), 12-2012 61
tiin di sinh viin de hieu. thinh thodng tdi cdng cho sinh viin liin hdnh
xeminar, trao ddi nhung cdng khdng thudng xuyin vi lucmg kiin thiic cdng
nhieu md thdi gian quy dinh Id bdt bude... Khi dupe hdi; "Cd en hay sU dting
phudng phdp dgy hoc iheo tinh hudng hgy thdo liicjii nhdm, hudng ddn cho sinh
vien III hpc, til nghien cini. . hdi ddy Id nhiing phuang phdp tich cue hudng
nhieu vdo ngUdi hoc...". Giang vidn ndy thdng thdn trao ddi: 'Tdi cdng cd sii
dung cdc hinh thirc tren nhung cung khdng thudng xuyin vd khdng ddnh gid,
kii'm cht'mg Itic it qud mdt edch trie! de.. "
Bdng 4: Cdc nguyin nhdn chUa lao hiing thil hpc lap cho sinh viin

Thii Cac nguyen nhan chua lau hiing thu hoc tap cho sinh
bac vien doi vi'ri mfin nhiing nguydn ly co ban cua DTB DLC
Cliii nghia Mac - Lenin
1 MOn hoc qua klui v.i nim tirong 1,81 0,96
2 Chua tim ra phuonji phiip hoc tap hop 1^ 1,96 0,91
3 Thie'u tai lieu, giao trinh lien quan de'n mfin hoc 2.23 1,24
4 Chua nhan thiic ro y nghia cua mfin hoc 2,42 1.23
5 Tinh chu dfing sang lao cua ban than cdn yfiu 2,43 1,01
6 Ban than chua cd dfing co hoc tap rd rang 2,49 1,16
7 Khfing cd nhu c^u hoc tap mfin hoc nSy 2,87 1.32
8 Thie'u tai lieu, giao Irinh lien quan de'n mdn hoc 3.76 1.24
Ghi chi'r OrB cdng nhd dnh hudng cdng rd ret, quy udc thdp nhdt Id I diim. cao nhdi Id 5 diim.

Thtic te eho thdy phdn ldn gidng vidn chi yd'u s i dung phudng phdp
thuydt trinh trong giang day eae mdn thidn vd ly luan, didu dd dd lam sinh vidn
mdt mdi, chdn nan khi nghe gidng. Vi thd, giang vidn ndn thudng xuydn cai
tid'n, dp dung phuong phap giang day phu help theo quan didm phdt huy ti'nh
tich cue eia ngudi hpc. Day cDng se Id bidn phdp phdt huy sdng tao, su ydu
thi'ch, tim tdi khdm phd kid'n thtte eia sinh vidn.
Ngodi cdc nguydn nhan khdeh quan thi nguydn nhan ehu quan cung cd
anh httdng khdng nhd dd'n hung thu hpc tap cia sinh vidn. Nhidu sinh vidn thiia
nhan ban than chUa tim ra phuang phdp hpc tap hiTp ly (DTB: 1,96). Qua didu
tra chp thdy, cd tdi 30,6% sd sinh vidn liia chpn phupng phdp hpc la nghe vd
ghi chdp bdi gidng cia giang vidn. Chi cd 3,9% sinh vidn lua ehpn phuong phdp
hpe ehi yd'u la tu hpc, tu nghidn ettn. Trpng khi dd, hpc tap theo tin chi sinh
vidn dupe ehu ddng lap kd hoach hpe tap cia ban than theo nang lue, didu kidn
ca nhan, qua dd hp cd the phdt huy tlnh sdng tap, ky nang tu hoc, tu nghidn

62 TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd 12 (165), 12 - 2012

cun. Thue td', d nhidu sinh vidn dai hpe ndi chung, trong dd cd sinh vidn Dai
hpe Thuong Mai, ti'nh tu giae trong hpe tap edn thdp, ky nang tu hpe, tu nghidn
euu con yd'u. Nhidu sinh vidn eung chua ndu eao tinh thdn ttt hpc vd bid't duoe
gid tri eua tu hpe. Chttng tdi thid't nghi, vai trd eia gidng vidn trong vide td ehtte
httdng ddn sinh vidn tu hpe, tu nghidn cun la vd cing cdn thid't trong tiao tao tin
ehi. Hon ntta, ed vdn hpe tap cOng edn thtte hidn vd phat huy vai trd cia minh
dd sinh vidn nhanh chdng tim ra dupc mdt phuang phap hpe tap hop ly.
Hpe phdn nay cd y nghTa rdt ldn Id giup cd nhan hieu duoc cdc quy luat
cia tu nhidn, xa hdi; hinh thdnh tu duy lOgle song nhidu sinh vidn ehua hidu rd
dupc y nghia eia mdn hpc (DTB; 2,42).
Mdt sd nguydn nhan ehi quan khde eung anh hudng kha rd dd'n hung thd
hpe tap eua sinh vidn la: "Tinh chii ddng sdng Igo ctia bdn Ihdn edn yiu", "Bdn
thdn chua cd ddng ca hpc tap rd rdng" vdi DTB ldn lupt la 2,43; 2,49.
Dd ed hung thtt vdi mdn hpc, trttdc hd't sinh vidn phai hidu dupe gid tri
mdn hpc, thdy dupe cdi hay cia kid'n thtte, cd cam hung trong bai giang eia
giang vidn va bude ddu bid't ung dung kid'n thtte dd vao trong eudc sdng thi vai
trd eia ngudi giang vidn Id vd eung quan trpng. Sinh vidn Id Itta tudi ua tim tdi
eai mdi, thi'ch khdm phd, nay sinh nhu cdu tu khing dinh ban than, ky vpng vdo
nghd nghidp tuong lai, tlnh dde lap va lap trudng sdng cia hp dupe bde 16 rd
net... [1, tr. 62]. Vi the, giang vidn cdn Ittu y giao nhttng nhidm vu vtta sttc,
song ddi khi phdi cd nhung ydu cau cao tao ra su thi thdeh eho sinh vidn trong
hpe tap, ldng ghep kid'n thtte thue tidn sinh ddng, thid't thuc, giao nhidm vu cd
tlnh ehdt tim tdi, khdm pha, phtt hpp vdi tam ly Itta tudi se... la nhidm vu giang
vidn phai chu trpng thuc hidn thudng xuydn. Nd'u giang vidn lam tdt vai trd dd
se gdp phdn nang eao eae phdm chdt tam ly tich cue cho sinh vidn trong dd cd
hting thu, say md mdn hpc.

3.4. Mdl sd di xudt cua sinh vien nhdm tdng cudng hvmg thd hpc tap
cua hp ddi vdi hpc phdn
Qua thuc td dttOC hpc tap hpc phdn nay, sinh vidn ed mdt sd dd xudt vdi
nhd trudng, giang vidn cung nhu dd'i vdi ban than hp nhu sau:
- Di xudt vdi nhd trudng: 30% sd sinh vidn trong didn dieu tra dd nghi
cung edp trang bi cde thid't bi day hpe hidn dai chp mdn hpc. 22,8% sinh vidn
ed nguydn vpng giam tai chuong trinh hpc. Qua didu tra cho thdy, 21,1% sinh
vidn cho ring ndi dung chuong trinh mdn hpc nay qud nhieu; 67,2% nhan djnh
npi dung mdn hpe d mtte nhieu. Chi cd 11,7% ddnh gid vtta du va khdng cd
sinh vidn ndp chp rdng npi dung edn thid'u d mdn hpc ndy. Day eung la ep sd dd
cac cdp qudn ly quan tam khi xay dung ehttdng trinh ddo tao dd thid't kd ndi
dung hpe phdn mdt cdeh hpp ly so vdi sd tin chi dn dinh.

TAPCHfTAMLynpCSd 12 (165), 12-2012 63

 Thuc td mdn hpc ndy da vd dang dttpc td ehtte thi dudi hinh thtte tu Into.
Tuy nhidn ed 13,3% sd sinh vidn cd nguydn vpng td ehtte thi hpc phdn nay dudi
hinh thtte thi trdc nghidm dd hp hpc theo hinh thtte hpc hidu md khdng mdt thdi
gian hpc thude ldng md khdng hidu rd bdn chdt eia kid'n thtte. Day eung Id
thdng tin dd gidng vidn gidng day, phdng khao thi - kidm tra vd ddnh gid chdt
lupng, edp quan ly bd mdn xem xdt khi td ehtte thi hd't hpc phdn.
Ngodi ra sinh vidn edn dtta ra rdt nhidu kidn nghi khde nhu td ehtte ede
hoat ddng ngoai khda cho mdn hpe, td ehtte nhidu eudc ihi tim hidu vd mdn
hpc, quan tam bdi dudng ehuydn mdn ehp giang vidn, td ehtte edc hdi thao hdi
nghi vd phucmg phap hpe tap mdn hpc nay, sdp xd'p lai thdi gian hpc cho hpp 1^
hon hay gidm sd sinh vidn trong mdt ldp... Cde dd xudt ma sinh vidn, theo
chung tdi ddnh gid Id kha hpp ly nd'u cd didu kidn thuc hidn. Bdi thuc td chp
thdy, cac boat ddng ngoai khtia nhdm trau ddi kid'n thtte thuc tidn eua mdn hpc
cho sinh vidn. Tmh trang ldp hpe cd sd sinh vidn ldn (100 - 150 sinh vidn) khd
phd bid'n d eSc trudng dai hpe eung anh hudng khdng nhd ddn hidu qud day vi
hoc ndi chung cung nhu sinh vidn khd cd co hdi tuong tde tnic tidp vdi giang
vidn ndn ban chd tinh ti'ch cue cung nhu gidm hung thu hpc tip cia hp.
- Di xud't vdi gidng viin: 62,2% sd sinh vidn eho rdng mud'n tang cudng
httng thtt hpc tap cia hp thi giang vidn phai ludn eai tid'n phudng phap day hpc
hpp ly vdi dac diem tam ly cua sinh vidn, phuang phdp phai hdp ddn, ldi cudn
sinh vidn tham gia. Kid'n nghi ndi bat thtt hai dd la gidng vidn khdng ndn gay dp
Ittc cho sinh vidn, cdn cd tlnh hai hude trong giang day vi day la mdn hpe trttu
tupng la y kid'n cua 33,9% sd sinh vidn trong didn didu tra. Bdn eanh dd cd 30%
sinh vien dd nghi trong qud trlnh giang day, giang vidn phai dua nhidu ung
dung thuc tidn hay, sinh ddng se thu hut dupe sinh vidn vao bdi giang. Ngoai ta,
sinh vidn cdn cho rdng giang vidn edn tam huydt hon vdi nghd, bdi dudng
ehuydn mdn thttdng xuydn, ndu rd y nghia mdn hoe (ty Id % ldn lupt Id 5%;
3,8%; 7,8%).

Nhu vay, khd nhidu sinh vidn ehu trpng dd'n phuong phdp cia giang vidn
va kha nang ung dung cia mdn hpc Id hai vdn dd mdu chd't hon ca cd tdc dung
Idm tang cudng httng thu hpc tap cua hp.

- Ddi vdi bdn Ihdn sinh vien: 68,9% sinh vidn eho rdng mudn nang eao
httng thu, ban than hp cdn cd tlnh chi ddng, tieh cue hdn khi hpc tap mfln hpc
ndy. Phdn ldn sinh vidn trong didn didu tra cho rdng hp cdn thu ddng, dd'i phd
trong hpc tap mdn hpe ndy. 19,4% sinh vidn eho rdng edn cd y thtte td't hon vdi
mdn hpe. Ngodi ra, edn hinh thdnh phuang phap hpe tap phu hpp, edn nhan
thtte rd y nghia mdn hpc eung Id dd nghi cia khdng It sinh vidn (vdi ty Id % lan
lupt la 17,8%; 14,4% va 13,3%).

64 TAPCHfTAMLyHpC,Sdl2(165), 12-2012
 Trong eae dd xudt md sinh vidn ndu ra, sinh vidn tap trung nhidu hon vdo
ydu td ban than. Hp nhan ra rdng hung thu thue su eua hp chi cd thd dupc khoi
day vd phat tridn khi hp thuc su tich cue, ehu ddng trong hpc tap. Bdn canh dd
phupng phdp eua giang vidn hdp ddn, hpp ly va co sd phuc vu day hpc hidn dai,
ddy d i cung gdp phdn cai thidn httng thu hpc tap eia hp dat P mtte cap hem.

Ke't lu$n
Nghidn cun thue tidn ehp thdy sinh vidn Trttdng Dai hoc Thuong mai
trong didn didu tra cd hung thu hpc tap dd'i vdi mdn nhiing nguyin ly cd bdn
cua Chii nghia Mde - Linin d mtte Irung binh. Kd't qua hpc tap hpc phdn cia
sinh vidn dat d mtte trung binh (tap trung chi yd'u vdo mtte C va D) do nhidu
yd'u td ehi phdi. song hung thtt hpe tap cua hp chua cao cung cd anh httdng nhdt
dinh ddn kd't qua nay. Chua ed phucmg phap hpc tap hpp ly, tinh tich cue chi
ddng trpng hpc tap chtta cao, chua cd ddng co hpc tap rd rang la cae nguydn
nhan ehi quan eo ban chi phd'i hung thu hpc tap cia ban than sinh vidn. Ngoai
tlnh chat khd va trim tupng cia hpc phdn thi phuong phiip giang day cia giang
vidn chua hpp ly eung la mdt trong cdc nguydn nhan khdeh quan chi yd'u ddn
tdi hung thu hpc tap eia sinh vidn chua cao.
Giang vidn ndn su dung cae phuong phap nhu day hpc ndu vdn de, hudng
ddn sinh vidn tii hpe, tu nghidn cttu, thdo luan cac chi dd cd tinh ung dung cao,
thid't thuc vdi sinh vidn se phdt huy su tuong tac gitta giang vidn va sinh vidn,
sinh vidn va sinh vidn. Ngoai ra, sinh vidn edn xac djnh ddng co hpc tap rfl
rang, ehi dpng, tieh cue giai quyd't cae nhidm vu hpc tap, bdi dudng ky nang tu
hpe, tu nghidn cttu thudng xuydn se la nhttng bidn phap cd hidu trong cdng tae
bdi dudng, ning eao hung thtt hpc tap cia sinh vidn.

Tai lieu tham khao

1. Nguydn Thac (chu bidn), Tdm ly hpe suphgm dgi hpe, NXB Giao due Ha Noi, U. 62,
1992.
2. Nguydn Quang Udn (chii bidn), Tdm ly hpe dgi cuang, NXB Dai hpc Quoc gia Ha
Noi, tr. 173, 2007.
3. Mordzova N.G., Hidig thii nhdn thtic, tai lieu danh cho giang vien. NXB Tri Ihttc
Matxcova, Nguydn Thd Hung dich, tr. 9, 1979.

TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd 12 (165), 12 - 2012 65