NANG CAD Hliu QUA SO DUNG PHUONG PHAp DAY HOC .
BANG TiNH HUUNG THONG GIANG -DAYHOC PHAN GlAD Due GIA DiNH
. THlrA THI-EN - HUE
aTRU'O'NG CAO DANG SU' PHAM .
f) oi m6i nang cao chat luqng giao due (GO)
dal hoc g~n lienv6'idoi m6i phuong phap day
hoc (PPOH) la mqt tat yeu nharn dap ling su
nghi~p d?i m6'i can ban va t?an di~n cua GO Vi~t
Nam. £)oi v6'i Truang Cao dang Sir pharn (C£)SP)
ThCraThiem - Hue, doi m6'i PPOH da tra fhanh mot
yeu cau b~t buoc. £)~c biet lanhO'ngnam gan day khi
nha truang ap dl,lng dao t90 theo hQcche tin chi lay
nguai hQclam trung tam thi vi~c sLrdl,lng cac PPOH
tich clfc cang tra nen quan trQng. PPOH b~ng tlnh
huang (TH) la mqt trong nhO'ng phuong phap tich
clfCva to ra co hi~u qua trong vi~c dap ling nhO'ngdoi
hoi cua thlfc tien. Neu TH duqc xay dlfng chat luqng
va giang vien (GV) co ki nang (KN) tot trong vi~c
giang d9y b~ng TH S9 t90 co hqi cho sinh vien (SV)
c6 dl1qcnhO'ngkinh nghi~m thlfc te,trau doi dl1qccac
KN can thiet khi ra trl1ang.
1.MQtsovan decablm trong PPOH b~ng TH
PPOH b~ng TH la mqt"kithu~f' giang d9y, trong
do cac thanh to chu yeu cua nghien cliu TH duqc
trlnh bay v6'i ngl1ai hQc nh~m ml,lc dich minh hQa
ho~c hinh thanh cac kinh nghi~m giai quyet van de.
Trong d9y hQc,TH khong phai la nhO'ngtrl1ang hqp
bat kl trong thlfC te ma la nhO'ngTH da dl1qc dieu
chlnh, nghien cliu kiluong dg mang tinh dign hlnh va
phl,lCvl,ltot cho ml,lc dich, ml,lc tieu GO - tlic la giup
cho ngl1ai hQcc6 thg higu va v~n dl,lng tri thlic cOng
nhl1 rE3nluy~n dl1qc cac KN, ki xao.
Ml,lcdich cua d9y hQcb~ng TH la giup ngl1ai hQc
tiepc$n v6'ithlfc te nghe nghi~p, xa hqi ho~c kha nang
ap dl,lngcua bai hQcvao trong thL!ctien nghe nghi~p;
tich cL!ch6a h09t dQng hQct~p cua SV; tang wang
kha nang tu duy va giai quyet van de; phat trign cac
KN mefn cho nguai hQc.Phuong phap nay cung cap
mqt moi truang su ph9m tich clfc, giup g~n Ii thuyet
v6'ithL!ctien; gop phan nang cao tinh tich cl/c, chu
dQng,sang t90 cua ngl1aihQc;tang wang slf hqp tac
(ki2-9/2015)
ThS. TR!NH TH! HIEU*
va higu biet Ian nhau trong rnoi truang day - hoc; GV
cOngco dieu ki~ntrao doi, hoc hoi nhO'ngkinh nghi~m
va co each nhin, giai phap m6'i;SV bietcach lien ket,
xau chuoi cac phan nqi dung don Ie lhanh mQt buc
tranh tong thg ve kien thlic. Tuy nhien, trong day hQC
bang TH, SV kho co co hqi pha; bigu hoac tham gia
day du cac heat dqng hoc t$p; dong thai, GV S9 g~p
hc~mchetrong vi~c quan Ii,tochlic 16'phQc,doi hoithl/c
hi~n nhO'ngKN kha phLrct9P trong giang d9y; kho
khan vethai gian ...
2. Nang cao chat h.rQ11g sUdlJng PPOH b~ng
TH trong giang d~y hQcphan "Giao dlJcgia dinh"
(GOG£»)(bQ mon Tam Ii· Giao dlJc) (1 Truong
C£)SPThua Thien· Hue
PPDH bang TH da va dang dl1qc SLr dl,lng trong
a
giang d9y Truang C£)SP ThCraThien - Hue, tuy
nhien, vi~csLrdl,lngphuong phap nay dang con nhieu
h9n che, trong khi SV su phSlmv6'i d~c trung nghe
nghi~p cua minh doi hoi phai co mqt von Ian ve kien
thlic, kinh nghi~m, KN giai quyet TH. £)g gop phan
nang cao chat luqng sLrdl,lng PPOH bang TH trong
giang d9y hQcphan GOGD, chung toi da c6 slfchQn
IQCva dieu chlnh "goi" KN hQct$p can hinh thanh va
phattrign cho SV thea 2 nh6m:
2.1. Nh6m cac KN giiJiquyet TH,baa gom:
2.1.1. KN phan tfch TH. Khi tiep c$n TH, cong
vi~c dau tien cua ngl1aihQclaphai xac djnh "dung "va
"trung" van de. flay la dieu het slic quan trQngvi neu
khong co KN phan tich TH S9 khong tim dung duqc
sa
nguyen nhan, tCrdo khong co co dg dl1a ra danh
gia hay giai phap TH phu hqp. Vi dl,lv6'iTH: M~ditt.i
ngoai vao thi nghe tha'y tie'ngbe Lan (6 tu6l) dang
"quat' bac gitJpvi?c: "Sao I?ibj chay the'nay? Co m6i
vi?cran trtJngth6ima bac cDngkh6ng lam duqc. Sac
v/:mgve·qua...': Trong TH nay, dg co cach XLrIi phu
* Truong Cao dang Su ph~m ThiraThien· Hue
Tl:lp chi Giao dye so 366151
 hop, SV buoc phai phan tich, suy do an de tim ra cac sieu thjcung me cOng vclvinn, doi mua hetthunay
nguyen nhan d~n den thai dQsai trai tren cua dVa tre. din thUkhac, me m§ng tntbe Ian ra kh6c. Neu me
Tren thLfCte, c6 ratnhieu II do de d~n t6'ithai dQcua be khong co hieu biet ve SL!khung hoang tam II (Iva tuSi
Lan (do batchucc thai dQcua nguO'i Ian doivoi nguO'i len 3) S8 rat d~ dan tai nhung giai phap tieu eire nhu
giup viec trong gia dinh; do nguO'i giup viec nuong frach phat, m~ng be (ntur trong TH), th~m chi Ian
chieu be; do th6i quen hach dich voi nguO'i khac: do sau khong cho di sieu fh] rura. De kh~c phuc tlnh
buc docnrc thO'ivi m6n trLrngkhoa khau da b! chay ...). tr9ng nay, SV can sv dl;lng phuang phap '190 TH".
Voi cac nguyen nhan khac nhau, SV S8 tim ra cach Muc dich cua phuonq phap t90 TH sinh h09t d~c
vng xli phu hqp. thu nham chuyen bien, thay doi, dieu chinh nettinh
2.1.2. KN tim kiem cac phuO'ngan giciiquyet TH. cach, d~c diem tam II khong phu hqp vai chuan m L!c
CUQcsong von da d~ng, phvc t~p, cUQcsong gia dinh xa hoi atre.
trong ca che th! truO'ng hi$n nay I~i cang nay sinh 2: 1.4. KN dam bao cac nguyen t§c khi ung xu
nhieu bien dQng. TH trong GDG£) luon xuat hi$n TH. Co ba nguyen t~c ca ban trong giao tiep vng xli
nhOng d~ng xung dQt maL Muon giai quyet nhung ma SV can phai n~m vLing la: ton trQngnhan cach
xung dQtd6cOng c6nhieu ykien binh lu~n khac nhau, dOltUQ'ng;c6 thi?n y; c6 SL!dong cam v6'idOltUQ'ng
th~m chi trai chieu. £)e tim kiem duqc phuang an toi khi giao tiip ung xU: Cac nguyen t~c nay mang tinh
sa
uu, ngoai vi$c dLfatren ca kien thvc tam 11- G D va chat ben vLing va tuang doi on dinh, co tac dl,lng chi
GDG£) dahQc, SV con phaic6 KN song, nang ILfcso d90, dinh huang, dieu chlnh thai dQ va cck phan
sanh tim kiem cac giai phap toi uu. Tuy nhien, giai ung hanh vi cua ca nhan trong ung xilTH. Vi dl;l vai
phap nao la hi$u qua I~icon phl;l thuQc vaa tung dieu TH: Chuan bjden ngaysinh nh~ttuoltrang troncua
ki$n hay hoan canh cua TH. Vi dl;l TH: eMu Nam minh, Hoa rat hOIh9P. Em xin phep bo'm~ to'chuc
(13 tuol) Ifiy c§p m9t khoan tie'ntrong vf m~ de'chO'i mdi b?n be den sinh nh~t didanh dau sL!ki?n nay.
game. M~phathi?n ra, Nam vocimghoanghotvisQ' M~ em do di/, con bo'thig?tphang vailf do khong
m~ n6i chuy?n nay v6'ibo'(bo'Nam la nguo'i het suc thich em dan dum vai vai b?n be... SV m uon "nh~p
nghiem kh§c van6ng tfnh).Nam van xin m~haygiau vai" lam "bo, mE;l"trongTH tren va de ung xv tot can
kin chuy?n nay v6'imQinguO'itronggia dinh vahua S8 phai chu y dam bao ca ba nguyen t~c giao tiep ung
khong bao gkj taip/7?m mJa. Thong thuO'ng voi TH xli tren.
tren S8c6 21uong 'I kien duqc dua ra: m9t ladong 'IS8 2.1.5. KN giao tiip vah9Pfacfronglam vi?cnh6m.
dau kin chuy$n nay cho Nam vi nhuv~y S8t~0 ca hQi KN giao tiep va hqp tac nhom duqc hlnh thanh do
cho em giu 100ihva va slia chua loi lam; hai la khong von song kinh nghi$m ca nhan trong cUQc song gia
dong yvi cho rang neu dau diem tQiloicua Nam S8t~p dlnh, qua cac quan h$ xa hQiva d~c bi$ttrong cac moi
cho em th6i quen khong dam nh~n khi ph~m 16iva tnfO'ng SV ph~m. Tuy nhien, diem yeu cua SV hi$n
cLing S8thieu di sl/ phoi hqp G D dang bQgiua nguO'i nay noi chung va SV TrvO'ng C£)SP Thua Thien -
than trong gia dlnh. Nhu v~y, de II/a chQn duqc Hue noi rieng la h~n che va KN giao tiep va hqp tac
phuang an xil II, SV phai biet phat huy kha nang tu nh6m. Bi$n phap cua GV detang cvO'ng nh6m KN
duy phe phan, qua do nh~n ra duki$n trong TH mo ta nay la giao cac chu de hQct~p, yeu cau so~n thao cac
chua du diden quyetd!nh ILfachQn. Ch~ng h~n, neu TH GD theo nhom;cac nh6m phaitl/ban b~c, tranh
Nam co '1ien Slf' an c~p, da hva sila chua rat nhieu lu~n ve nQidung, chat Ivqng va giai phap cho TH. Se
Ian m a van tai ph~m th i vi$c nguO'i m E;ldau diem cho thuan lai han khi moi nhom chon ra mot thanh vien
con s8thanh bao che tQiIOi,con neu day lalan dau thl tron'g nj,om lam trvang nh6m de dieu khien "dong"
cOng can giuthe di$n cho con cai, t~o ca hQicho Nam thao luan cua nh6m, sao cho dam bao moi thanh vien
sila chua sai lam. deu c6 ca hQid6ng g6p cho nh6m.
2.1.3. KN sang t?Okhi dUa ra cac giciiphap cho 2.2. Nh6m KN thief ke'TH, bao gam:
van de: TH von da d~ng phong phu, van de giai 2.2.1. KN tim kiem taili?u,xulithong tinde'thietke'
quyet TH khong chi can kheo leo, dam bao cac TH. Thong thvO'ng de minh hQa cho nQi dung kien
nguyen t~c giao tiep vng xilma con doi hoisunhanh thvc Cl;lthe, GV thvO'ng xay dl/ng s~n TH. Tuy nhien,
tri, sang t90 de kip thO'i dua ra cac giai ph~p hi$u amvcdQyeu cau caocua vi$c ap dl;lng PPDH TH va
qua. Vi dl;l TH: Be Hien (40 thang tu6l) ta'nnao di cLing la sL!phu hqp vai yeu cau cua vi$c hQctheo hQc

521 T~p chi Giao d~c so 366 (ki2 - 9/2015)

 chetin chi (SV phai nrhoc la chinh, GV chlla ngvoi to
chuc, hvang dan...) S8 doi hoi SV phai co trach nhiern
chu&n b] tnrcc cac TH GO colien quan den nQidung
hoc t?p. TH dvqc SV siru tam tim kiem tCrrat nhieu
a
nguon khac nhau nhu thv vien trvong, cac nha
sach.cacfranq mq_ngIntemet...Dotinh chatcua man
hoc, GV rat khuyen khich tCrsl!trai nghi~m cua cuoc
song thl!c tegia dinh (cua chinh SV hay nhCingngvOi
xung quanh). TH do SV thu th?p thvang adq_ng'1M",
sau do dvqc dua vao thao lu?n nhorn d~ "xli li", chon
IQc,tim ra nhling TH hay va "d~lf', phu hqp vai yeu
cau hQct$p.Cac giohQcchu&n bi canhan (hoq_tdQng
theo nhom) chinh laco hQid~ SV chia S6, hQchoi Ian
nhau ve kha nang tim kiem tal li$u, xli Iithong tin d~
thietkeTH.
2.2.2. KN viet TH (van phong; dam bao linh MlP
dan, linh Sl1 phCJm...). Du la TH dvqc svu tam hay
khai thactCrsl!trainghi~m cUQcsong thi SV cling phai
co KN ch~t IQcIq_ithong tin, s~p xep, cau truc Iq_icho
ng~n gQn,suc tich dvai dq_ngla mQtTH GOG£); biet
d~t cau hoi cho cac TH sao cho ngvai giai quyetTH
phai d~tm inh la"chuth§'Lrngxl{' giaiquyetcac van de
(thvong la cha m~ trong gia dinh).
2.2.3. KN lien h~ TH lhl/C lien gan v6i ml)c lieu va
nqi dung h9C l?p. Ml,ICdich ch inh cua vi$c ap dl,lng
PPDH b~ng TH la tang cvang g~n lien Iithuyet vai mai phat huy het the mq_nhcua phuong phap thl!c
thL!ctien dai song. Vi$c thiet ke va giai quyet TH S8 nghi$m khach quan. 0
giup SV hinh thanh nhling nang lL!cthl!c tien. Ben
cq_nhdo,TH can mangtinh "di~nhinh"cua cUQcsong Tai Ii~u tham khao
vag~n lienvai ml,lctieu, nQidung hQct$p. Muon v$y, I. Nguyen Phl,mg Hoang. Kiem tra va danh gia thfmh
GV can giup SV co KN "phan bi$n" TH thong qua qua hQCt~p. NXB Ciao duc, H. 1996.
cac hOq_t dQngthao lu$n nhom.
•**
Tren day la mQtso KN da dvqc thL!c hi$n trong
qua trinh ap dl,lng PPDH b~ng TH nh~m tich cL!c
hoa hOq_tdQng hQc t$p cua SV khi hQc hQc phan
a
GDGfJ bQmon Tam Ii - Giao dl,lC Trvong C£)SP
ThCraThien - Hue. Thiet nghT,neu nhling KN tren
dvqc tiep tl,lc tri~n khai ap dl,lng rQng rai S8 co tac
dl,lng phat huy tinh dQc I$p, chu dQng, tich cL!C,tL!
giac sang tq_o cua SV trong hQct$p; khoi d$y niem
ham me, sL!hling thu cua cac em khi kham pha, ITnh
hQitri thlic cling nhv v$n dl,lng chung trong nhling
TH hQct$p khac nhau. 0
Tlli Ii~u tham khao
I. Nguyen Thi Phucmg Hoa. "Su d{tng phuong phdp
dt;lyh9c Mng tinh huang trong giang dt;lyman Ciao
dl,lCh9c tr;li Truong D9i h9c Ngot;li ngr1 - D9i h9c
(ki2 - 9/2015)
Quae gia Ha N(Ji". De tai nghien CLrU khoa hoc cap
Dai hoc Qu6c gia, 2010.
2. Le Th] Bung - Hili Vang. Tam Ii hoc ling xu. NXB
Ciao due, H. 1997.
3. Bui Th] Mui, Tinh huong sir pham trong cong tac
giao due hoc sinh trung hoc ph6 thOng. NXB D9i
hoc Su pham, H. 2004.
4. Ngo Cong Hoan. Giao due gia dinh. NXB Ciao
due Vift Nam, H. 2014.
ABSTRACT
On the basis of the reality of teaching Family
Education and scientific research. the author would
like to suggestsomeways to improve the efficencyof
applying situations in teaching. mainly focussing on
the matters such as determining the roles of teacher
and leaner. changing the structure and ways of
organisingthe teaching-learningactivities. especially
forming the "package"of activelearning skills for the
students at the college. .
Kay d~g b~CaD hoi trac nghi~m...
(Tie'p theo trang 56)
co mQtphvong phap nao latoi uu; do do, ~an can CLf
vao d~c di~m cua tCrngtrvong, tuytheo soluqng ~V
va ml,lc tieu cl,lth~ ma Il!a chQn phuong phap kie~
tra, ki~m tra danh gia thich hqp, dLlng luc dung cho
2. Vo Thj Ng9c Lan - Nguyen Phl,mg Hoang. PhU'01lg
phap tnlc nghi~m trong kiem tra danh gia ket qua
hQc t~p. NXB Ciao duc, H. 1996.
3. Nguyen Hfru Long. V~n d\lng phU'01lgphap test va
phU'01lgphap kiem tra truyen thong trong dl;lYtam
IihQc. NXB D(li h9C Su pht;lm, H. 1973.
4. Trfin Tuyet Oanh. Danh gia trong giao dQc. NXB
D9i h9C Su ph(lm. H. 2007.
5. Duong Thi~u Tong. Tritc nghi~m va do lwng ket
qua hQCt~p. Truong D9i h9C Ta'ng h9'P TP. H6 Chi
Minh, 1995.
ABSTRACT
Evaluationis an important aspectof teachingand
learning. and if donecorrectly canprovide important
information to both teachersand theirs students.This
writing analyses the progress to building an objec-
tive test in evaluatingacademicperformanceofpeda-
gogicalstudents at Hanoi National UniversityofEdu-
cation.
'filP chi Giao dye so 366153