ROUTINE PROBLEMS

Problem 6: Find two consecutive integers whose sum is equal 129.

Solution to Problem 6:

 Let x and x + 1 (consecutive integers differ by 1) be the two numbers. Use the fact that their sum is equal to 129
to write the equation

x + (x + 1) = 129

 Solve for x to obtain

x = 64

 The two numbers are

x = 64 and x + 1 = 65

 We can see that the sum of the two numbers is 129.

Problem 7: Find three consecutive integers whose sum is equal to 366.

Solution to Problem 7:

 Let the three numbers be x, x + 1 and x + 2. their sum is equal to 366, hence

x + (x + 1) + (x + 2) = 366

 Solve for x and find the three numbers

x = 121 , x + 1 = 122 and x + 2 = 123

Problem 8: The sum of three consecutive even integers is equal to 84. Find the numbers.

Solution to Problem 8:

 The difference between two even integers is equal to 2. let x, x + 2 and x + 4 be the three numbers. Their sum is
equal to 84, hence

x + (x + 2) + (x + 4) = 84

 Solve for x and find the three numbers

x = 26 , x + 2 = 28 and x + 4 = 30

 The three numbers are even. Check that their sum is equal to 84.

Problem 9: The sum on an odd integer and twice its consecutive is equal to equal to 3757. Find the number.

Solution to Problem 9:

 The difference between two odd integers is equal to 2. let x be an odd integer and x + 2 be its consecutive. The
sum of x and twice its consecutive is equal to 3757 gives an equation of the form

x + 2(x + 2) = 3757

 Solve for x

x = 1251
  Check that the sum of 1251 and 2(1251 + 2) is equal to 3757.

Problem 10: The sum of the first and third of three consecutive even integers is 131 less than three times the second
integer. Find the three integers.

Solution to Problem 10:

 Let x, x + 2 and x + 4 be three integers. The sum of the first x and third x + 4 is given by

x + (x + 4)
 131 less than three times the second 3(x + 2) is given by

3(x + 2) - 131
 "The sum of the first and third is 131 less than three times the second" gives

x + (x + 4) = 3(x + 2) - 131
 Solve for x and find all three numbers

x = 129 , x + 2 = 131 , x + 4 = 133

 As an exercise, check that the sum of the first and third is 131 less than three times

NON-ROUTINE PROBLEMS
used to solve these types of problems.

Problem 6: How many liters of 20% alcohol solution should be added to 40 liters of a 50% alcohol solution to make a
30% solution?

Solution to Problem 6:

 Let x be the quantity of the 20% alcohol solution to be added to the 40 liters of a 50% alcohol. Let y be the
quantity of the final 30% solution. Hence

x + 40 = y

 We shall now express mathematically that the quantity of alcohol in x liters plus the quantity of alcohol in the 40
liters is equal to the quantity of alcohol in y liters. But remember the alcohol is measured in percentage term.

20% x + 50% * 40 = 30% y

 Substitute y by x + 40 in the last equation to obtain.

20% x + 50% * 40 = 30% (x + 40)

 Change percentages into fractions.

20 x / 100 + 50 * 40 / 100= 30 x / 100 + 30 * 40 / 100

 Mutliply all terms by 100 to simplify.

20 x + 50 * 40 = 30 x + 30 * 40

 Solve for x.

x = 80 liters

 80 liters of 20% alcohol is be added to 40 liters of a 50% alcohol solution to make a 30% solution.

Problem 7: John wants to make a 100 ml of 5% alcohol solution mixing a quantity of a 2% alcohol solution with a 7%
alcohol solution. What are the quantities of each of the two solutions (2% and 7%) he has to use?
Solution to Problem 7:

 Let x and y be the quatities of the 2% and 7% aclohol solutions to be used to make 100 ml. Hence

x + y = 100

 We now write mathematically that the quantity of alcohol in x ml plus the quantity of alcohol in y ml is equal to the
quantity of alcohol in 100 ml.

2% x + 7% y = 5% 100

 The first equation gives y = 100 - x. Substitute in the last equation to obtain

2% x + 7% (100 - x) = 5% 100

 Multiply by 100 and simplify

2 x + 700 - 7 x = 5 * 100

 Solve for x

x = 40 ml

 Substitute x by 40 in the first equation to find y

y = 100 - x = 60 ml

Problem 8: Sterling Silver is 92.5% pure silver. How many grams of Sterling Silver must be mixed to a 90% Silver alloy to
obtain a 500g of a 91% Silver alloy?

Solution to Problem 8:

 Let x and y be the weights, in grams, of sterling silver and of the 90% alloy to make the 500 grams at 91%. Hence

x + y =500

 The number of grams of pure silver in x plus the number of grams of pure silver in y is equal to the number of
grams of pure silver in the 500 grams. The pure silver is given in percentage forms. Hence

92.5% x + 90% y = 91% 500

 Substitute y by 500 - x in the last equation to write

92.5% x + 90% (500 - x) = 91% 500

 Simplify and solve

92.5 x + 45000 - 90 x = 45500

x = 200 grams.

 200 grams of Sterling Silver is needed to make the 91% alloy.

Problem 9: How many Kilograms of Pure water is to be added to 100 Kilograms of a 30% saline solution to make it a
10% saline solution.

Solution to Problem 9:
  Let x be the weights, in Kilograms, of pure water to be added. Let y be the weight, in Kilograms, of the 10%
solution. Hence

x + 100 = y

 Let us now express the fact that the amount of salt in the pure water (which 0) plus the amount of salt in the 30%
solution is equal to the amount of salt in the final saline solution at 10%.

0 + 30% 100 = 10% y

 Substitute y by x + 100 in the last equation and solve.

30% 100 = 10% (x + 100)

 Solve for x.

x = 200 Kilograms.

Problem 10: A 50 ml after-shave lotion at 30% alcohol is mixed with 30 ml of pure water. What is the percentage of
alcohol in the new solution?

Solution to Problem 10:

 The amount of the final mixture is given by

50 ml + 30 ml = 80 ml

 The amount of alcohol is equal to the amount of alcohol in pure water ( which is 0) plus the amount of alcohol in
the 30% solution. Let x be the percentage of alcohol in the final solution. Hence

0 + 30% 50 ml = x (80)

 Solve for x

x = 0.1817 = 18.75%

Resources: https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/lyceum-of-the-philippines-university/mathematics-for-the-
modern-world/routine-and-non-routine-problems/18531768/download/routine-and-non-routine-problems.pdf