GICED : RESPONSIBLE TOURISM (3.

21) / ULB :
MANAGEMENT AND ANALYSIS IN CULTURAL TOURISM
(TOUR F 519)

Group members :
Brandao Maria Ines
Gosavi Chinmay
Moryani Kapil
Mungekar Jatin
Papadopoulos Hélène
Pashte Akanksha
Patil Mohit
Pire Fanny
Shimpi Sharvil

Diekmann Anya
Vincent Martin
Patwardhan Jyotsna School year : 2018/2019
 Table of Contents

A. Group management 2
B. Methodology 3
C. Destination 3
D. Itinerary 4
D.1. Itinerary overview 4
D.2. Map of the itinerary 6
D.3. Choices that have been made so far (*) 6
D.3.1. Accomodation 6
D.3.2. Restauration 8
D.3.3. Transportation 9
D.3.4. Recreational activities 10
D.3.5. Unesco World Heritage Sites 11
D.3.6. Events 12
E. Customer product 12
F. Bibliography 17
G. Appendix 20
G.1. Costumer profile database 20
G.2. Gantt chart 21
G.3. Practical information 21
G.4. Danger map 22
G.5. Table Contacts 22

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 TRIP TO TANZANIA

A. Group management
First, we created three groups each composed of two Indians and one Belgian student, so
we could divide the work more efficiently. We later assigned an important dimension of
the trip to each group which resulted in the following organization:
● Group 1: Hélène, Akanksha, Jatin (Restaurants)
● Group 2: Maria, Sharvil, Chinmay (Accommodation)
● Group 3: Fanny, Kapil, Mohit (Transport)
The aim of such division is to have both point of views on every important aspect of the
trip. Therefore, we are sure to take into account both visions and all the cultural
specificities or communalities involved in the choices that every group has to make.
Furthermore, it eases the process of cross-cultural learning since the discussion between
Indian and Belgian students is thus unavoidable at each step of the progression of the
project. A dynamic of intercultural dialogue is thus installed.

Secondly, we decided to have Skypes every Monday around 12h00 (Belgian time) so
around 16h00 (Indian time) so we could discuss about the advancement of the project all
together and understand where the other small groups are in the development of their
tasks. Therefore, we could readjust the tasks or deadlines if needed. The highlights of
each session were written down as bullet points in a conversation diary after each Skype,
so the missing members could catch up.
Furthermore, the oral discussion, rather than written one allowed us to develop our cross-
cultural competences since understanding one-another wasn’t that easy in the beginning
due to a series of obstacles such as: ‘’perceived language barriers, unfamiliarity with
cultural mores and a general fear of causing offence’’ (Harrison & Peacock, 2010 cited
in Cotton, 2013).
Therefore, this conversational dynamic also focused on the ‘’reconciliation of
preconceptions in conversation with one another’ (Bruffee, 1993, p. 17 cited in Cotton,
2013)’’ as well as the ‘’development of intercultural adaptability’’ (Cotton, 2013).

In fact, through the process of experiential learning based on our discussions and on the
list of cultural specificities that we systematically created we progressively understood
better each other, and an easy and comfortable work environment emerged.

These two steps aimed at creating a flexible but well organized and regular team
management process since the ‘’need for effective management has
been identified as key to the success of intercultural encounters” (Harrison &
Peacock, 2010 cited in Cotton, 2013).

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 B. Methodology
According to You and al. two main questions in cross-cultural studies are ‘’whether
travelers from varying cultural backgrounds seek different travel benefits and have
different preferences for travel products and services, and to what extent they are similar
and dissimilar in their travel behaviors.’’ (You et al. 3, 2000)
We therefore attempted to create a method that would integrate those concerns into our
work.
We systematically created lists recollecting both Indian tourists and Belgian tourists’
expectations and needs when travelling. We later broke down those lists into more
specific aspects of travelling such as restauration, accommodation and transport. Later,
we merged those lists into a single one in order to have a reliable consumer profile
database that would allow us to have a practical and operational approach. This database
will therefore be used at each step of the decision process to make sure that every decision
will satisfy both groups. We decided to adopt this method to meet the specific needs of
each culture as explained by Kozak (2000) who said that “the nationality might have a
significant effect on consumer or tourist behavior [...] tourist actors have to explore the
feature of each consumer group [...] the differences in the behavior of tourists due to their
nationality play a role in the satisfaction”.

● Note:
The customer profile database can be found in the appendix (see section G.1.).
The naming’s “Indian travelers” and “Belgian travelers” don’t refer to Indian people and
Belgian people as a whole. They refer to our specific groups and allow us to find common
grounds and spot cultural specificities resulting in different needs.
A Gantt chart stating our organizational process as a whole can be found in the appendix
too (section G.2.).

C.Destination
Destination choice: Tanzania (Africa)
We thought that this destination was as foreign to Belgians as to Indians. In fact, African
culture is strange to both publics and this country therefore represents a neutral zone, a
kind of common ground for very different audiences. This neutrality’s goal is to engage
both groups into a similar ‘intercultural integration process’ thus creating an equal
‘Culture Confusion’ feeling among them. (Hottola, 2004)
Moreover, we checked the Belgian embassy’s point of view (since the Indian embassy
didn’t make a public statement on that theme) on the situation in Tanzania and it looks
like it is relatively stable at the moment (see section G.3. of the Appendix). Therefore, by
taking into account all the embassies’ advices regarding safety, health and so on, and by
looking into all Tanzania’s assets regarding nature and culture, we thought Tanzania
would be an excellent country to work with to create a responsible quality tourism
product.
At last, some current prospects regarding tourism in Tanzania were very interesting since
25% more Indians travelers are expected in Tanzania next year for touristic reasons.
(Dailypioneer, 2018)

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 D. Itinerary
For this step we decided to select some cities and activities that we tough were interesting
for tourists in order to make an itinerary that covers more or less the totality of the
territory. Before selecting the cities, we made some researches that let us know that there
were interesting places to visit and experience that nevertheless should be avoided like
Dar es Salam (former capital) and the border with Burundi. Therefore, we didn’t include
these cities in our itinerary because our trip aims at providing an enjoyable experience for
tourists that will allow them to feel happy, stimulated and relaxed (in the sense of
unworried). Our goal is therefore to avoid any kind of exposure to danger since “being
exposed to risk causes anxiety which is a subjective feeling of being nervous,
apprehensive, stressed, vulnerable, uncomfortable, disturbed, scared and frustrated”
(Mavondo and Reisinger, 2006).
Therefore, we created a “danger map” that spots the dangerous zones that must not be
avoided in our itinerary (section G.4).

D.1. Itinerary overview

Note: This itinerary is only meant to be understood as a proposal for a high
quality responsible trip. By no means the travellers must feel forced to realize
all these activities. In fact, the all the elements chosen (appart from the 2 days
safari) are independent from one another thus allowing the tourists to skip some
activities while preserving the rest of them without any problem.
*Some of the bookings will nevertheless be non-refundable.
All the items in italic are explained and justified in the next section.

1st day: Arrival at Kilimanjaro

Transports: transfer Kilimanjaro International Airport to Moshi town
Accommodation: Ameg Lodge Kilimanjaro
Restaurant: Milan’s for lunch and Indoitaliano for dinner
Transports
Activity(ies): discovery of Moshi city by foot.

2nd day: Trekking day at Kilimanjaro

Accommodation: Ameg Lodge Kilimanjaro
Restaurant: Union Cafe (Fair Trade) for dinner.
Transports
Activity(ies): trek at the Kilimanjaro.
3rd day: Chaga culture and Coffee
Accommodation : Ameg Lodge Kilimanjaro.
Restaurant
Transports
Activity(ies): discovery of the local culture through a visit of a Chagga village and
coffee plantation with focus on its architecture and agriculture.

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4th/5th and 6th day: Safari at a Serengeti national park
Accommodation:
Restaurant
Transports
Activity(ies): safari for 2 days (day 5 and 6, since the 4th day will be dedicated to rest
after the car trip from the Kilimanjaro region to the park).

- Transfer to Zanzibar (transport group): direct flight from Serengeti Airstrip in the
morning (around 10:30). -

7th day: In Zanzibar

Accommodation: Baraza Zanzibar.
Restaurant: Baraza Hotel restaurant.
Transports
Activity(ies): Food Festival in the Stone Town of Zanzibar, which is a UNESCO World
Heritage Site.

8th day: Zanzibar beaches discovery and activities (recreational activites)

Accommodation: Baraza Zanzibar.
Restaurant: House of Spices for lunch and Lukmaan restaurant for dinner.
Transports
Activity(ies): scuba diving at the Baraza Hotel beach.

9th day: Departure for Belgium and India from Zanzibar International Airport (in
the afternoon
Accommodation: Baraza Zanzibar.
(Restaurant)
Transports
Activity(ies)

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D.2. Map of the itinerary

D.3. Choices that have been made (items in italic):

D.3.1. Accomodation

Throughout this project the hotels will systematically be used as ‘metaworlds’. These
metaworlds work as ‘touristic bubbles’ where the tourist can rest and relax. They are safe
and standardized spaces, functioning exactly as the tourists would expect them to. The
use of such hotels aims at providing a regular break from the foreign Tanzanian reality
that the tourists will face every day since this one can be stimulating and interesting but
also exhausting for them (Hottola, 2004).
Furthermore, since the “culture environment plays an important role in the process of
forming expectations” (Parasuraman et al., 1985) and have an “effect on consumer tourist
behavior” (Kozak,2001) we will systematically use our cross-cultural customer database
(see section G.1.). This way, we will make sure that each accommodation choice will
satisfy both publics.

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 - Ameg Lodge Kilimanjaro | 1st, 2nd and 3rd night |

We chose this lodge for various reasons. First of all, it’s location is good since it’s not far
from the airport and the Kilimanjaro mountains, where we will do a trekking on the
second day. In addition, this accommodation proposes transfer services from airport to
the lodge and from the lodge to other locations that we will potentially want to visit.
According to the customer profile database, this lodge meets the requirements and
expectations listed in the section 4. As an example of the specific needs that it will cover,
this lodge has air conditioning (section 4.2.B.1), private bathrooms in each lodge
(4.2.A.5) and it includes breakfast (4.2.A.2) as well as Indian dishes and international
food. It also offers a wide range of facilities such as the fitness center and the pool, where
we will be able to relax after a long flight. (see section 4.1.1)
Furthermore, to certify that this lodge is clean and secure (section 4.2.1), we have checked
on TripAdvisor and Booking.com all guest reviews. Therefore, we can conclude this
lodge is well noted (8.8/10 and 4/5) in terms of cleanliness, comfort, safe, staff and
location.

Practical information: Address: Ameg Road, Off Lema Road, Tanzania | Phone : +255 754 058 268

- Four seasons safari lodge Serengeti | 4th, 5th and 6th night |

We chose this hotel because it’s one of the top-rated hotels of the area and it provides all
the services that our customers require. Moreover, this hotel has the advantage of offering
safaris, which eases our search regarding safaris.
Regarding our customer profiles, this lodge meets the requirements and expectations
listed in the section 4. As an example of covering these specific needs, once again, this
lodge offers air conditioning (section 4.2.B.1), private bathrooms in each lodge (4.2.A.5)
and it also includes breakfast (4.2.A.2) as well Indian dishes and international food.
Moreover, this hotel provides its clients with some facilities such as the spa, the pool and
the 24h staff service. To certify that this lodge is a good option, we have checked its guest
reviews on MakeMyTrip (8.9/10) and TripAdvisor (5/5).
At last the location of this hotel is very convenient since Serengeti Airstrip is
approximatively 86km (so at 1 hour and a half by car) from this hotel.
Practical information: Address: Four Seasons Rd, 2002, Tanzania| Phone: +255 768 981 981

- Baraza Zanzibar Hotel | 7th day |

This hotel is situated in The Stone Town, a destination that our group will visit. This city
is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and proposes a vast portfolio of hotels. Nevertheless,
we chose this particular hotel because, according to the needs and expectations listed in
the section 3 and 4. In fact, the infrastructures of this hotel seem perfectly safe and
hygienic. Plus, the fact that it has a private beach will allow us to avoid using the ‘public
beach’. This is an important factor since a non-omissible part of the population still uses
the beach as toilets, according to their cultural mores. Furthermore, Zanzibar is 95%
Muslim and the Belgian tourists expect to be able to bath in the sea not necessarily in
sexy outfits but at least in swimming suits. Therefore, the private beach will be helpful to
fulfill our consumer’s needs.

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Another specific Indian need is that vegetarian food is available. To this need we need to
add that Belgian customers require to have a choice between local and ‘standard western’
food (in case the local food is too different or spicy for them). Therefore, this hotel
represents the perfect option since it offers food ‘inspired by Arabic, Indian, Persian,
Asian and Swahili flavors using the local Spices for which the island is famous as well as
our favorite continental offerings’. In addition, ‘pastas, salads and sandwiches’ are also
mentioned as being on the menu, so the wishes for vegetarian, local, Indian and Western
food can potentially be satisfied.
Another common (to Indians and Belgians) condition that will be met thanks to this
choice will be the need for ‘family-friendly amenities’ (see section 4.1.1. of the database)
because this hotel offers a swimming pool, various gardens, a library and so on.
At last, this hotel through its luxurious infrastructures and well-formed staff, corresponds
to the concept of metaworld. (Baraza-zanzibar, 2018 & Cntraveller, 2018).
Practical information: Address: Bwejuu Beach South East Coast Paje Michamvi Road Dongwe, Zanzibar
2284, Tanzania | Phone: +254 720 538148.

D.3.2. Restauration

Once again, our goal regarding restauration was to find restaurants that would satisfy both
publics. Therefore, we referred to our cross-cultural customer profile database to make
sure that every choice we made regarding food would fit our public needs. Thanks to this
process we realized that every restaurant we picked needed to offer Indian food or at least
vegetarian food (section 3.2.B) and local and Western dishes (section 3.2.A)

- Milan’s & Indoitaliano | 1st day |

During our stay in the Kilimanjaro Region, we will eat at the Milan’s restaurant since it’s
a vegetarian Indian restaurant, very popular according to Lonely Planet. It is also very
correct with the prices of the dishes and well situated (in Moshi’s centre, so we can go by
foot). Thus, this restaurant will fulfill our publics’ needs (section 3.1.1, 3.2.B, 3.2.B.2. &
2.2.A.4.).

Practical information: Address: Shule St, Tanzania | 11am-9.30pm | Phone: +255 754 269 802.

For dinner, we will go to the Indoitaliano restaurant. This restaurant is located in Moshi’s
center, and is very popular amongst tourists, which is already a good sign. Furthermore,
the food figuring on the menu will please both Indian and Belgian travellers since it
proposes Italian (so Western) food as well as Indian dishes. The aim of this culinary
experience is to reduce the travellers’ sense of ‘sensory overload’ with food to which
they’re already used to since it’s their first day in Africa (Hottola, 2004 &
Tanzaniavolunteers 2017).
Practical information: Location: J8VR+WH Moshi, Tanzania | Phone: +255 784 577 153 | Closes
9:30PM

- Union Café (Fair Trade) | 2nd day |

During our stay at Kilimanjaro we will have dinner at Union Cafe which is owned by the
Kilimanjaro Native Cooperative Union. It’s an association that represents tens of

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thousands of coffee smallholders and is all about Fair Trade and Fair Tourism. Working
with them to organize our trip will help to create an attractive responsible high-quality
touristic product. Furthermore, the dishes served at this establishment are mainly Western
dishes with vegetarian options.

- Baraza Hotel Restaurant | 7th day |

During the second part of our trip we will eat at the baraza hotel restaurant for the
reasons mentioned above.
Practical information: Address: Bwejuu Beach South East Coast Paje Michamvi Road Dongwe, Zanzibar
2284, Tanzania | Phone: +254 720 538148.

- House of Spices & Lukmaan | 8th day |

We will also go to the renowned House of Spices. This restaurant has been positively
reviewed in ‘the New York Times Travel Section’ as well as in ‘Africa Geographic’ and
in the Lonely Planet guide. It’s a Mediterranean restaurant located in the center of Stone
Town, Zanzibar. It offers Mediterranean (so Western) food and one of his specialties
according to its website are the vegetarian dishes. We will therefore please both Indian
and Belgian needs regarding food (section 3 of our customer profile database). (House of
Spices, 2018 & Lonely Planet, 2018).
Practical information: House of spices Zanzibar | Phone: 255 773 573 727

At last, we will have dinner at the Lukmaan restaurant, a well-reviewed establishment

situated in the center of Stone Town and accessible by foot (section 2.2.A.4). It offers a
wide variety of local and Indian dishes with vegetarian options (such as vegetarian curry,
section 3.2.B). Furthermore, it has a vast terrace on which we will be able to eat and enjoy
the freshness of the Tanzanian nights.
Practical information: Location:The Mkunazini Baobab tree, New Mkunazini Rd, Zanzibar, Tanzania |
Phone: +255 777 482 131 | 8am-11pm.

D.3.3. Transportation

- International transportation:
Tourists will arrive to Tanzania, more specifically to the Kilimanjaro region by plane.
They will also go back to their respective countries by plane but, this time from the
Zanzibar airport. Regarding Belgian travellers, Zaventem Airport (Brussels) works with
several airlines such as Emirates, Ethiopian Airlines, Turkish Airlines, KLM Airlines and
KLM Kenya Airlines. These airlines offer flights with one or two stops to go to Tanzania
as well as to go back to Brussels. Moreover, most of these airlines (Ethiopian Airlines,
Emirates…) are present in India and cater on the India-Tanzania route.

- National transportation:
Finally, concerning the internal transportation and taking the requirements of bot the
Indians and the Belgians into account, we will hire a small minibus in Tanzania. The
name of the Minibus provider is “First Car Rental”, a South African agency. We thought
this is the perfect option for us as this agency provides comfortable vehicles and they have

9
been in business for over 18 years. Furthermore, worldwide, First Car Rental is partnered
with “SIXT rent a car”, one of Europe's largest car hire companies, to provide
international car hire in over 100 countries and 4 500 locations. Therefore chosing this
company to move around Tanzania will allow us to travel in confort and safety (section
2.2.1 & 2.2..A.1 of the customer profile database)

Practical Information: Location: Goliondo Road, Next to Bank Of Baroda P.O.Box 16357, Arusha I
Phone: +255-27-2509108/9 , +255-715-540881.

D.3.4. Recreational activities

- Visit Moshi Town’s centre | 1st day |

We will be visiting Moshi Town’s center by foot and without any guides, since our
publics wish to avoid unnecessary transportation and they wish to visit freely the cities
(section 1.1.5, 2.2.A.4. & 1.1.8.). It’s a relatively small and safe town and wandering by
its streets in a group of 9 shouldn’t be a problem (section1.1.2.). Furthermore, it will
potentially allow us to come to contact with the local culture and it will potentially provide
opportunities for cultural exchanges between our publics themselves and between them
and the locals (section 1.1.3. & 1.2.A.1.).

- Trekk at the Kilimanjaro | 2nd day |

We will realize a trekking adventure at the Kilimanjaro thanks to “Viva Africa Tours”.
We chose this particular day trek because it offers a lot of facilities (transports to/from
the gate, park fees, professional English speaking mountain guide, food & water for the
day) that correspond to both public needs (section 1.1.). This experience aims at satisfying
the Indian desire to practice sport in the nature and relax while doing so (section 1.2.B.3).
It will also please the Belgian public since it will give them a sense of discovery and
authenticity (section 1.2.A. 1&4).
Practical information at : https://vivaafricatours.com.

- Visit Chagga village and coffee plantation | 3rd day |

We will visit a Chagga coffee plantation and we will continue experiencing the local
culture by visiting the neighbouring Chagga village, with typical Tanzanian house which
roofs are made of straws. Once again, we would like to realize these visits with the KCNU
(Kilimanjaro Native Co-Operative Union) since their touristic program: “Kahawa
shamba – Fair Tourism Project” has many interesting activities to offer “The project
aims at alleviating poverty to the communities through benefit sharing and focus on
supplementing income from tourism activities to coffee farmers on the slopes of Mount
Kilimanjaro.” (KCNUTanzania, 2018).
In fact, we will perform their Coffee Tour and their Chagga History Hike. This will be a
cultural and recreational activity that will correspond to Belgian and Indian desire to learn
from different cultures (section 1.1.3).
In addition, community-based tourism is a tourism niche in Tanzania, in which the rural
community is involved through the operations of the CTPs (cultural tourism programs),
with the aim to revive this culture and value her more. (Mgonja et al, 2015).

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Practical information: these tours can be booked at the Kahawa Shamba Tourism Office.

- Scuba diving | 8th day |

Scuba diving is an interesting activity to perform for both publics since it will please the
Indian’s thirst for adventure and the common attraction towards the discovery of new
natural spaces (section 1.2.B.3 & 1.1.9.). We will therefore go scuba diving at the Rising
Sun Dive Center, a well experimented and safe organization that has received many
awards since 1996, which will meet our publics need for safety (section 1.1.3.). This
center is the only National Geographic dive center in Zanzibar and offers very interesting
and exciting “dive tours” at the Baraza hotel which makes it an actually interesting deal
(section 1.2.B.7).
Practical information: Rising Sun Dive Center Zanzibar

D.3.5. Unesco World Heritage Sites

- Kilimanjaro | 1st day |

Firstly, we will go to the Kilimanjaro.

Kilimanjaro is the tallest mountain with a height of 5895 meters (19340 ft) on the African
continent and the highest free-standing mountain in the world. Kilimanjaro has three
volcanic cones, Mawenzi, Shira and Kibo. Almost every kind of ecological system is
found on the mountain: cultivated land, rain forest, heath, moorland, alpine desert and an
arctic summit. Kilimanjaro encompasses a wide variety of ecosystems, including tropical
jungle, savannah, and desert to montane forests, subalpine plants, and the alpine zone
above timberline. Kilimanjaro states itself to stand in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

- Serengeti National Park | 4th, 5th & 6th day |

Secondly, we will visit the Serengeti National Park.

Serengeti National Park is undoubtedly the best-known wildlife sanctuary in the world,
unequalled for its natural beauty. Famous for its annual migration of over 1.5 million
white-bearded (or brindled) wildebeest and 250,000 zebra and for its numerous Nile
crocodile and honey badger, Serengeti National Park gives a different experience of
learning the environment that is Natural and Protected. We can get a chance to get up
close and personal with many larger mammals like giraffes and elephants as well as rare
antelope species, such as the mountain reedbuck, the steenbok and many exotic birds.
Such an opportunity will satisfy our public’s desire to experience and discover things that
are totally new for them (section 1.1.9 & 1.2.B.3).
In general, the Safari in the Serengeti National Park will give an essence of nature and
mammals around us.

- Stone Town of Zanzibar | 7th day |

At last we will stay a couple of days at the Stone Town of Zanzibar.

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Stone Town of Zanzibar is an outstanding material manifestation of cultural fusion and
harmonization and its many fine buildings that reflect its particular culture. The Stone
Town is not only an historic living town but also a commercial and socio-cultural center
of the Zanzibar Archipelago. This UNESCO World Heritage Site is famous for its wide
range of architectural styles, eclectic collection of languages and the tastes, smells and
sights of many cultures - Asian, Arab, African and European. Therefore, we will please
our publics by providing them a cultural experience and maybe chances for cultural
exchange with the residents (sections 1.1.3. & 1.2.A.1.)

D.3.6. Events

- Zanzibar Food Festival | 7th day |

We will attend Zanzibar's Third Edition of Food Festival. Once again, we used the
database to choose the activity since as Metin Kozak noted, “a cross-cultural analysis
requires a systematic comparison of similarities and differences”. (Kozak M., 2001)
We included this event in our trip because it will give us an opportunity to taste local and
exotic dishes from hotels and restaurants of Stone Town. These will be prepared by skilled
chefs, confectioners and domestic and exotic drinks will also be part of the festival. This
will not only give us a great experience to taste the local cuisine, but it will also allow us
to know more about the cultural specificities and the ingredients involved in their cuisine.
This way we will answer to our public’s thirst for discovery and cultural exchange
(sections 1.1.3., 1.1.9. & 1.2. A.1.)
Practical information: Location: Stone Town | Dates: October 14-20

E.Customer product:
This document is a commercial version of the trip that has been organized. These four
pages brochure is directed to its direct customers (our respective Indian and Belgian
groups) and to their fellow students in the case that they want to join us on our tip.

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https://booki.ng/2Qcgs3e

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authority of knowledge. Baltimore, MA: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993.

CONDE NAST TRAVELLER. The Spice Islands of Zanzibar. Condé nast traveller,
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COTTON, D. R., GEORGE, R., & JOYNER, M. (2013). Interaction and influence in
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DIPLOMATIE BELGIUM, Conseils par destination Affaires étrangères, Commerce

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FAIRTRADE AFRICA. Fair Tourism. Home, News, Fairtrade News, Fair Tourism
(viewed on 20/11/18). Available at: https://www.fairtradeafrica.net/coffee/fair-tourism/

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Available at: https://bit.ly/2Ecq8Ee

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https://www.go2africa.com/destinations/stone-town/why-go

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HOTTOLA, P. (2004). Culture confusion: Intercultural adaptation in tourism. Annals of
Tourism Research, 31(2), 447- 466

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JETCOST. Vols. (viewed on 7/10/18). Available at: https://www.jetcost.com/

KILIMANJARO NATIVE CO-OPERATIVE UNION. Home. (viewed on 09/11/18).

Available at: http://kncutanzania.com/#!/page_fair_tourism

KOZAK, M.(2001). Comparative assessment of tourist satisfaction with destinations

across two nationalities. Tourism management, 22(4), 391-401.

LONELY PLANET. House of Spices, Mediterranean in Zanzibar Town. Africa,

Tanzania, Zanzibar, Stone Town, Restaurants. (viewed on 04/11/2018). Available at:
https://www.lonelyplanet.com/tanzania/zanzibar-town/restaurants/house-of-
spices/a/poi-eat/1440062/355668

LONELY PLANET. Milan’s Indian in Moshi. Africa, Tanzania, Moshi, Restaurants

(viewed on 01/12/18). Available at :
https://www.lonelyplanet.com/tanzania/moshi/restaurants/milan-s/a/poi-
eat/1364352/355648

LONELY PLANET.Union Café Café in Moshi. Africa, Tanzania, Moshi, Nightlife

(viewed on 30/12/18). Available at :
https://www.lonelyplanet.com/tanzania/moshi/nightlife/union-cafe/a/poi-
dri/1364354/355648

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NJOFU EXPEDITIONS. Chaga experience day trip. (viewed on 04/11/2018).

Available
at:https://www.njofuexpedition.co.tz/chageexperience/?fbclid=IwAR2PZLcb4Vlikj3f11
Ky7gwy-NdWDNL9nmabcsuGRxvmTas3oyyzrvrVhaw

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Multiple-Item Scale for Measuring Consumer Perception of Service Quality. Journal of
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REISINGER, Y., & MAVONDO, F. (2006). Cultural differences in travel risk

perception. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 20(1), 13-31.

RISING SUN. Dive Center Zanzibar (viewed on 13/11/18). Available at: http://risingsun-
zanzibar.com4

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TANZANIA VOLUNTEERS (2017) Indoitaliano Restaurant (viewed on 04/11/2018).
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UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Parc national du Kilimandjaro. (viewed on

18/11/2018). Available at: https://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/403

UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Stone Town of Zanzibar (viewed on 18/11/2018).

Available at: https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/173

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https://vivaafricatours.com/package/kilimanjaro-day-
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WtD_405HGg

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comparison of travel push and pull factors: United Kingdom vs. Japan. International
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YUSSUF I. Tanzania: Zanzibar's Third Edition of Food Festival On Oct 14-20,

Zanzibar’s Food Festival. (viewed on 18/11/2018) Available
at:https://allafrica.com/stories/201810120439.html

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G. Appendix
G.1. Costumer profile database

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G.2. Gantt chart

G.3. Practical information

According to the Belgian embassy:

Actual situation in Tanzania: calm but the threat of a terrorist attack remains underlying.
Therefore, tourist must have a high degree of caution and avoid any demonstrations.

There is crime in the big cities and certain areas:

● They advise to avoid:
Places: Dar es Salaam, the Msasani peninsula, the Burundi border (violence & robberies)
and crowded places like bus/ferry stations, etc.
Transports: minibus “Daladala” tricycle taxi “Bajaji”, motorcycle taxi ‘bodaboda’,
Ubungo bus, rail transport (unreliable)
● They advise to use:
Official transportation (taxis from the hotel or from official tourist agencies)
Appropriate closing since the majority of the country is Muslim.

Documents and insurances:

● Insurance for medical evacuation is highly recommended:
● risk of malaria → protect oneself against mosquitos
● risk of yellow fever but the vaccine is not recommended
● mandatory vaccine for Hepatitis A
● risk of schistosomiasis or bilharzia → avoid fresh water
*Note, we also wanted to have the Indian embassy’s point of view but no document
regarding Tanzania is available on their platform.

Mandatory travel documents:

● Passport valid at least six months after arrival
● Visa (made at the border/airport or in advance: at an embassy or consulate)

Money:
Tanzania US Dollar notes from 2003 or earlier are no longer legal tender and cannot be
accepted by Tanzanian banks.
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G.4. Danger map:

G.5. Table contacts:

Date and Duration Participants Communicati
time of the on Tool
video call

India Belgium

11/10/18 24m28s Akanksha, Kapil, Maria & Hélène. Skype

Sharvil & Mohit.

22/10/18 1hr 1m 7s Akanksha, Mohit, Fanny, Maria & Skype

Kapil, Jatin, Hélène
Chinmay, Sharvil

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 29/10/18 32m 59s Akanksha, Mohit, Fanny, Hélène Skype
Jatin, Kapil, Sharvil

12/11/18 42m 56s Akanksha, Mohit, Fanny, Maria & Skype

Kapil, Jatin, Sharvil Hélène

26/11/18 38m 42s Akanksha, Mohit, Fanny, Maria & Skype

Kapil, Jatin, Sharvil Hélène

3/11/18 21m 55s Mohit, Kapil & Fanny, Maria & Skype
Sharvil Hélène

Note:
We also discuss on a regular basis through a common whatsapp group in which all the
group members are included. We also discuss more specific matters through specialized
whatsapp groups that include only the members of the subgroups (group 1, 2 and 3).

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