iSudkajs;hs

1: mdvu

FIRE FIGHTING

modrA:h iy Yla;sh - Matter and energy

1' mD;=js f.da,h m%Odk jYfhka iEos we;af;a uQ,sl fldgia follsks' tkuz
\%jHuh foa iy o%jHuh fkdjk foa f,ih' c,h"jd;h Ydl iy i;=ka o%jHuh foa jk
w;r \%jHuh foa modrA:h (matter) f,i yeoskafjz' >k" o%j" jdhq"hk wjia:d j,
modra:h mj;s

2' wdf,dalh" ;dmh" jsoaHq;h" .=re;ajdlrAIKh" iy Ozjksh"o%jHuhfkdjk foa

fjz o%jHuhfkdjk foa Yla;sh ^energy&f,i yeoskafjs' ialkaOhla fyj;a nrla
m%udKhla fyj;a mrsudjla modrA:hg wh;a tjka ,laIKYla;skag fkdue;' tfy;a
Yla;ska wm wjg mrsirfha we;' tawkqj uq,q jsiajhu iEos we;af;a modrA:fhka yd
Yla;sfhka nj fidhd f.k we;'

3. tfia .;al, wmf.a ixfjsos bkaos%hkag yoqkd.; yEls wjldYfha bv

m%udKhla .kakd jq hula modrA:h kus fjs modrA:h kej; fldgia ;+klg fnod
fjkal, yel'

i. >k- Solid

wxY+ ;oska weiSrs we;s w;r ksiaps; mrsudjla yevhla ;sfns' iusmSvkh lsrSfuka
mrsudj wvql, fkdyel' wxY+ j, ksoyia p,k b;d wvqh' fujeks foa >khla fjs'

ii. \%j- Liquid

mrsudjla we;s kuq;a ksiaps; yevhla ke;' wka;rA.; NdPkh wkqj yeXh
fjkia fjs' .,dhdfï yelshdfjka hqla;hs' iïmSvkh lsrSfuka mrsudj wvql,
fkdyel'

iii. .Eia -Gases

jdhqjl wxY= b;d wE;ska ;sfns ksiaps; yevhla fyda mrsudjla fkdue;s w;r
;sfnk Ndckh mqrd me;srShhs' iïmSvkh lsrSfuka mrsudj wvql, yel'

mrudKqj - Attom

4' ;j oQrg;a fnosh fkdyels hk wre; we;s At tom weguz hk .s%l jpkfhka
b;d l=vd wxY=j yoQkajk ,o's wm huz modrA:hla f.k th folg fnouq' tla Nd.hla
f.k kej;;a Nd.hg fnouq' fufia fnod f.k f.dia wjidkfha ;j oQrg;a
fkdfnossh yels fldgila b;srsfjz' fuh ;j oqrg;a fnokakg fkdyels kuz ta b;srs jq
l=vdu fldgi uq,a o%jHfha ;ekquz tallh fjz modrA:fha ;j oqrg;a fkdfnosh yels
fldgi wxY= fyj;a mrudKq j,ska iEos we;' fuz wkqj iEu uq,o%jHhlu iEos we;af;a
mrudKq j,sks" mrudKqj nsos u fyda uejsu l< fkdyel

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uQ,o%jHh - Elemehts

5' uq,sl o%jHh fyj;a uQ, o%jHh hkq wdruzNl o%jHg jvd ir, o%jHhla njg m;a
l< fkdyels o%jHhkah' fjk;a jsoshlska lsjfyd;a ridhksl l%u u.ska jvd ir, o%jH
njg m;a l< fkdyels o%jH uq, o%jH f,i yeoskafjz'

Wo:- wms hlv yd Wlaisks i,ld n,uq' isks iaj,mhla f.k th rsla;lhl ;oska
r;a l, jsg thska P,h bj;a js wjidkfha w.=re muKla b;srs fjs' w.=re;a P,h;a
isks j,g jvd ir, øjH fjs' tfia jqj;a hlv fudkhus m%;sls%hdjlg NdPkh l,;a
hlv j,g jvd ir, fohla bka ,nd .; fkdyel' tu ksid hlv uq, øjHla f,i
y¥kajuq'

6' iQrAhhdo .%yf,dal mD:sjsh tys fjfik wmo uq, o%jH u.ska ksrAudKh jS we;'
jsYajfha jevs jYfhkau we;af;a yhsv%ckah' fojkqj yS,shush' iqrAhhdf.a 75% H o"25%
HE o" fjz' wm Yrsrfha 65% Tlaiscka uq,o%jHo 18% ldnka uQ,o%jHo 10% yhsv%cka
iy fjk;a uq, o%jHo we;'

ixfhda.

uQ, øjH iuyrla tu iajremfhkau mj;sk kuq¥ yeuuq, øjHlau fkdne¥Kq

iajremfhka fkdmj;'s fndfyduhla uqq,øjH mj;skqfha fjk;a uq, o%jHla iu.
iusnkaO jsfuka ieo%Kq ixfhd. j,sk's O2,H2,Cl2 jeks jdhq wjia:dfjs mj;sk uq, o%jH
iajdNdjfha olakg ,efnkqfha mrudkq 2la iusnkaO jsfuka ie\qKq mrudkq hq.,a
jYfhks' (wKq jYfhks) P,h fudk whqrlska ,nd .;a;o tys we;af;a H yd O2
muKlah' ;jo P,fhys fus uq, o%jH we;af;a lsishus ks;H wkq md;hlgh' tkus
P,fha ixhq;sh ksh;h ieu jsgu P,fh H .arEus 1 lg UlaisPka .arEus 08la ne.ska
;sfns' yeu jsgu ks;H wkqmdhlg tlg uq, o%jH tl;= js iEos we;s o%jHlg wms
ixfhda. hhs lshuq' isks o ixfhd.hla fjs' tkus tys ldnka mrudkq 12lao yhsvPka
mrudkq 22la o UlaisPka mrudkq 11la o iuka js; fjs' fmd\q jYfhka wra: olajkafka
kus uq, o%jH 02la fyd Bg jevs .kKla fyda ks;H wkq md;hlg ixfhdaPkh js
iefok o%jh ixfhda jYfhka wmg yeoskajsh yel'

usY%Kh

uq,øjH 02la fyda Bg jeZXs .kkla ksYaps; nr wkqmd;hla fkdue;sj tl;= jsu
usY%Khla kusfjs' WodyrK isks ,qKq P,fha l<jus lsrsu'

wKq -Molecule

7' iuia:hla jYfhka .;al, uQ,o%jHl fyda ixfhda.hl ksoyia ;;ajfha mej;sh
yels b;du l=vd fldgi wKqjhs' (molecule) fjs' mrudKq folla fyda Bg jevs
ixLHdjla tlsfklg iuznkaO jSfuka wKq iEfoa'

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Wod- O+O =O2 wKqj (uq,o%jHwKq)

H2+O = H2O P,h (wkqjla ixfhda. wkqjla)

C12+H22+O11 = C12H22O11 Wla iSks wkqjl iEfoa

tla uQ,o%jHl mrudkq iEu w;skau iudk jqj;a jsjsO uq, o=%jH j, mrudkq
tlsfklg iudk fkdfjs tlu uQ,o%jHl fyda fjkia uQ,o%jH lsysmhl mrudkq 2la
fyda Bg jevs .Kkla ks;H wkqmd;hlg ixfhdPkh js we;s jk m%fnohg wkq hhs
lshkq ,efns'

.skakl ridhksl iaNdjh ^Chemistry Of Fire)

8' mrudKqjla fjk;a mrudKqjla iu. tlajS jsjsO wkq iEoSu ridksl
m%;sl%shdjla f,i yeoskafjs' Ulaiscka mrudkq iu. tlajS is¥jkakdjQ m%;sl%shdj
UlaISkrK m%;sl%shdj f,i y¥kajhs' ^Oxidation&

Heat of formation ;dmh W;amdokh jk wdldrh

9' ridhk m%;sl%shdj,oS tu m%;sl%shdjg Ndckh jkakdjQ øjH ;dmh wjfYdaikh

lr.ekSula fyda ;dmh msg lsrSula is¥lrhs' ;dmh msglrk m%;sl%shd Exothermic
m%;sl%shd f,i;a ;dmh wjfYdaikh lr.kakd m%;sl%shd Endothermic m%;sls%hd f,i;a
y¥kajhs' ldnksl øjH oyk l%shdj,sfhaoS idudkHfhka Co2 ksmojk w;r ;dmh
msglrhs. C + CO2 ;dmh ^392920 Jule& fuys woyi ldnka 12 mg la O2 32mg la iu.
m%;s%ls%hd l< jsg CO2 ,sgrA 22.4 tfia;a ke;skus Co2 44mg ksmojhs.

Heat of combustion - oykfhaos msglrk ;dmh m%udKh

10. hï øjHla iïmQrAK UlaIslrKfhaoS msglrk ;dm m%udKh Heat of

Combustion fjs' fuu m%udKh fuyS we;s mrudKq jrA.h iy m%udKh wkQj
fjkiafjs' fuu msglrk ;dm m%udKh my; ioyka uskqï j,ska .Kkh l, yel'

i. Callery /gram
ii. Joule/gram (1 cal/g = 4.18 J/g)
iii. BTU/lb (britis thermal unit/libra pound )

c,h .%Eï tll WIaK;ajh 1 CO lskaby< oeuSug wjYH ;dm m%udkh Callery
le,rs tlla jYfhka yeoska jsh yel'

Specific Heat - jsYsIaG ;dm Odrs;dj

11. hus o%jHhl .%Eus tlla WIaK;ajh fi,aishia wxYl 01l lska by< oeuSug
wjYH ;dm m%udKh Specific heat kus fjs. jsYsIaG ;dm Odrs;dj idudkHfhka wfkla
fndfydao%jH P,hg jvd jsYsIaG ;dm .+Kh my< ugsgul mj;s.

Fire triangal - .sks ;s%fldaKh

12. .skakla wdrusN jsu ioyd uq,sl jYfhka bkaaOk (Fuel), UlaisPka (O2), iy
;dmh (Heat) hk idOl 3 k tlajsh hq;=h' fuu idOl 3 ;%sfldaKhl mdo 3la f,i
f.k woskq ,nk ;s%fldaKh .sks ;s%fldaKh f,i yeoskajsh yelsh'

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Heat O2

Fuel

1'1 rEmh' .sks ;s%fldaKh

13. Components Of Fire - .Sks ixrpl

i. Oxygen

Oxygen .skakla ioyd fydo wdOdrlhla fjs' idudkHfhka .skakla ioyd

Oxygen jdhqj 16] muK m%udKhla wjYHfjs' idudkH jdhq f.da,fha Oxygen jdhqj
21] muK we;'

ii. Fuel

oykfhaoS ;dmh msg lrk TzkEu o%jHhla bkaOk f,i yeoska fjz' tu .sks
.kakd iqΩ øjHla >K" øj " jdhq f,i fjkal< yel' >K iy øj .sks .ekSug
fmr jdIam fyda jdhq njg m;afjs' oykfhaos bkaOk ;dm jsixfhdack (thermal
decomposition) ls%hdj,shlg ,la jS oykh fjz' iEu bkaOkhlau idudkHfhka ldnka
(corbon) yhsfv%d ldnka (Gaseous hydrocarbons) yhsv%cka (hydrogen) iy ldnka
fudfkdlaihsvz (carbon monoxide) j, usY%Khla f,i i,lkq ,efnz'

Heat

;dmh h;q Yla;shla jk w;r fuu Yla;sh u.ska UskEu .sks .kakd øjhl
my; ioyka jsmrAhdihka we;slrhs'

i. mrsudj iy mSvkh jevslsrsu '

ii. fN!;sl ;;ajh fjkiajSu'Wod">k (solid), o%j (Liquid), iy jdhq (Gas&
iii. jrAKh iy oSma;sh we;sjSu'
iv b;d ishqï m%udKhlska js¥,sOdrdjla Wmamdokh jSu' ^thermo- electric
effect.&

Fire Tetrahedron (.sks p;=ri%h&

14. by; uq,sl idOl tlajSfuka miqj tu .skak fkdkeiS os.gu oduhla f,i
mj;ajd f.khdu Chain Reaction kus fjs' os.ska os.gu Free Radical msgjsu .skak
me;srsug iy blauka jrAOkhgo fnfyjska n,mdkq we;' tu idOlo by;
;s%fldaKhg tla jq jsg Fire Tetrahedron kus fjs'

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Heat

O2 Free radical

Fuel

1'2 rEmh' .sks t;=ri%h

Chain reaction - odu m%;dls%hdj

15. iajhxfmdaIs; ^self sustained) ridhksl m%;sls%hdjl jsjsO jq w;rueos M,hla

m<uq mshjfaros f.dvkef.k w;r ta iu. B,. mshjfrAos jskdY fjz' fuu ikaisoaOsh
odu m%;sls%hd Chain reaction f,i yoqkajhs' fuu w;rueos M,hka chain carrier
ke;fyd;a odu jdylh f,i yoqkajhs' fuu chain carrier j, wels mrudKq ^atoms)
fyda wKq fldgia uqla;Lkavlh (free redicals) f,i yoqkajk w;r fuu
uqla;Lkavlh (free redicals) wOsl m%;sldrl .=Khlska hqla; fjz WodyrK :- ^OH ,
CH , O , H&

fuu odu m%;sls%hd ^Chain reaction) m%Odk fldgia ;=klska hqla; fjz'

i. wdruzNl mshjr - ^Initial phase&

ii. jrAOkh jk mshjr - ^Propagation phase&
iii. wjika mshjr - ^Termination phase&

Modes Of Heat Transfer - ;dmh .uka lrk wdldrh

14. ;dmh .uka lrk l%u fldgia ;+kls'

i. Conduction - ikakhkh

r;a jq wxY= Bg hdnoj we;s isis,a wxY= fj; ;dmh ,ndoSu ikakhkh fjs' fuu
l%uhg >k oHjh j, ;dmh .uka lsrsu WodyrK f,i oelajsh yel'

ii. Convection - ixjykh

jd; wxY= fyda o%j wxY= r;a jsfusos by<g .uka lrhs' M;kg isis,a fldgia
.,d ths' fuu l%uhg ;dmh .uka lsrSu ixjykh fjs'

iii. Radiation - jslsrKh

;dmh jslsrKhla wOdrfhka .uka lsrsfuka Odrdjla wdldrhg .,d hhs'

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Flash point

15. huS o%jHlg .sks oe,a,la oqka jsg .sks .ekSu ioyd wjYH m%udKhg jdIam
ksl=;a lsrsug wjYH wju WIAK;ajh flash point fjs'

Name of Gas/Liquid Flash Point

Gasoline - 45 C
Kerosene 38 to 47 C
Jet fuel 43 to 65 C
Diesel 61 C
Furnace fuel oil 90 C
Vegetable oil 282 C
Lubricating oil 232 C

1'2 j.=j
Fire point

16. .sks .kakd iqM jdIam idrA:l f,i ksIamdokh lr .ksuska .sks .eksu ioyd
wjYH wju WIaK;ajh fire point kus fjs'

Spontaneous ignition temperature – iajhx .skakla ioyd wjYH WIaK;ajh

17. .sks oe,a,l wdOdrhla fkdue;sj .sks .kakd wju WIaK;ajh fuskuska
yoqkajhs' fuu WIaK;ajhg meusKsfuka miq tu oHjfha iajhx .skakla yg .ks'

Name of Gas/Liquid Ignition Point

Gasoline 246 to 257 C

Kerosene 254 to 260 C

Lubricating oil 371 C

1'3 j.=j

Boiling point

TskEu \%jHla jdIam njg mrsjrA:kh jSug wjYH wju WIaK;ajh'

Vapor pressure

18. TskEu \%jHla jdIamSlrK WIaK;ajfhaos jdIam njg m;ajk w;r jevs
jdIamYS,s o%jH ldur WIaK;ajfhaos mjd jdIam njg m;afjs' tkus fmg%,a ¸iams%gs¸
we,afldfyd,a¸ jrA. WodyrK f,i fmkajd osh yelsh '

Boil over

19. fuh jsYd, boiling range tlla iys; o%j j,g wh;a ixisoaOshls' ^furnace fuel
oil& Ndckhla ;=, fujeks o%jhla r;a jSfusos u;= msg >K fldgia m;=,g lsod nis'
tu >k fldgia j, WIaK;ajh b;d by< nejska m;=f,a we;s o%j wxY= tu >K

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fldgia j,ska ;dmh Wrd f.k r;ajsug mgka .ks' tfia r;ajq wxY= kej; by<g
.uka lsrsug mgka .ks' fuu ls%hdj,Sh os.ska os.gu pls%hj isoQfjz' fuz wjia:dfjzos
tu ia:dkhg c,h uqiq l< jsg c,h jdIam (stem) njg m;ajs gexlsfha we;s oE iu.
by<g .uka lrk w;r tjsg f;rmsula iu. msmsrsula ^Expulsion). Isoqfjz'

Slop vover

20. ixjD; Ndckhla fyda gexlshla ;=, f;,a o%djkhg hgska c,h ;gzgqjla we;s
wjia:djl tu Ndckh r;ajSfuzos c, wxY= yd f;,a tlg r;a jSug mgka .ks' tfia
r;ajsfuzos c,jdIam yd f;,a jdIam ^fuel vapor& iu. tl;= js fmkla jeks o%djkhla
idohs' fuu fmk tu Ndckfha jsjD; ia:dkhlska msg;g .,d tug mgka .ks'

Flash over

21' ldurhlaa ;=, we;s .skalos .sks oe,af,a jslsrKYs,s ;dmh u.ska lurfha we;s
r;ajq jd;h (Hot Gases) iy r;ajq fldgia jslsrAKYs,s oykhlg ,lajk w;r tu.ska
ldurfha .sks .kakkd iqΩ iEufoau .sks .eksug ,lafjz' fuu .skafka laIKsl
mrsjrA;kh .skak iuzmQrAK jevqKq .skakla njg mrsjrA;h lrk w;r th flash
over jYfhka yoqkajkq ,nhs'

Backdraught

22. compartemant tlla ;=, .skak;a we;s jSug m%udKj;a ;rus Tlaiscka
fkd,efnk wjia:djl wfkla idOl ^ndf.g oykh jq fldgia iy oykh fkdjq
jsfhdaPkh jqfldgia& fus;=, jraOkhjs we;s wjia:djl tl jr jd;dY%h ,ensfuka
laIkslj jsYd, .skakla yg .ks' fuysos msmqreula isoqjsh yel' fuu wjia:dj
backdraught f,i y\qkajhs'

Delayed backdraught

23. fifuka yd hgska .skak jsHdma; jk wjia:djlos tu .sks .kakd ia:dkfhys

fodr jsjr l, fyd;a msg; we;s TlaIsPka jdhqj ldurh ;=,g we;=,q js blauka
backdraught tlla fkdjs fifuka ld,hla .;js tu .skafka we;s ldnksl ;gsgqjg
(carbonized laye& ydks meusKsfuka m%udo backdraught tlla yg .ks' th Delaved
backdraught tlla f,i yeoskafjs'

Classification Of Fire - cd;Hka;r .sks jrA.SlrKh

24. .skakg Ndckh jkakdjQ øjH ^material& j, iaNdjh wkQj iy iEu .skaklgu
tlu .sks ksjsfus uOHhla fhdod .; fkdyels ksid;a .sks ksjsfus myiqj i|yd;a
my; i|yka mrsos .sks jrA.SlrKh lr we;'

i. CLASS – ‘A’ :- General fire ^idudkH .sks&

fuu .sks.ekSï fmd¥ .sks.ekSï jk w;r ldnksl .;sh (Organic Nature) iyS;
>K øjH ms,siaiSï fï hg;g .efka' fïjd fmd¥fjs yg .kafka WKiqï wxY= fldgia
j, tl;=fjks' fuysoS we;s jsfYaI;ajh jkafka c,h jsys¥ï ^water Jet& fyda spray
lsrSfuka .skak md,kh l, yelsjSuhs'

WodyrK f,i:-
lvodis¸fros len,s¸ oej jra.¸ rnrA¸ ma,iagsla¸

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ii. CLASS – ‘ B’ :- Liquid fire (f;,a .sks)

fusjd liquid iy oshruh >k o%j ms,siaiSus hg;g .efka' fuu .sks .eksus
ksjdoeusu ioyd tu .sks .kakd liquid my; wdldrhg .efka' fuu fldgia folg
wod, liquid ksjd oeush yels l%u jkafka water spray, foam, light water, vaporizing
liquids, carbon dioxide and dry chemical powders. jrA. fjs' fuu .sks .eksug ,lajk
liquid j,g Wodyrk f,i lubricants, Oil-based paints, chemicals, Gasoline, Cooking Oil,
yeoskajsh yel' fuu liquid my; wdldrhg fldgia follg fnod fjka l, yel'

i. P,fha mdjk f;,a jrA.' ^vsi,a,N+usf;a,fmg%,a¸,sysisf;,a)'

ii. P,fha oshjk f;,a '^weisvs jrA.¸iams%gs jrA. ;skrA&'

. CLASS – ‘ C’ :- gas fire (jdhq .sks')

fuu .sks .eksus yg .kafka gas yd liquid gas ldkaoq jsu u.sks' methane,
propane, butane, acetylene, chlorine gas, ammonia, jeks .skakla md,kh lsrsug fmk
fyda dry chemical powder fhdod .; yel' containers Cool lsrsug P,h Spray lsrsu
nyq,j isoqfjs' jdhqka .;a l< fldgia follg fjka l< yel'

i. Helping gas - O2 ¸ON2 (Nitrous oxide)

ii. Burning gases - methane (CH4) Ethane (C6H6) propane (C3H4)
Butane (C4H10) LP gas (all hydrocarbon gases)

jdhq jrA.SlrKh -Classification of Gases.

jrA.h Classification fmdoq WodyrKCommon Example

.sks .kakd iqΩ –Flammable yhsv%cka –Hydrogen

jsI iys; -Toxic i,afmrA vfhdlaihsvs uS;hs,a-

fn%dauhsvs - sulphur dioxide and
methyl-bromide

.sk .kakd iqqΩ iy jsI iys; - wefudakshd¸yhsv%cka i,afmhsv-

Flammable and Toxic Ammonia, Hydrogen Sulphide

.skakg iyh olajk-Supporter of Tlaiscka iy khsg%ia Tlaihsvs-

Combustion Oxygen and Nitrous oxide

wk;=re odhl iy .skakg iyh laf,darska iy khsgsrcka-Chlorine

olajk- Poisonous and supporter of and Nitrogen
combustion

ksials%h jdhq Inert gases ldnkavfhdlaihsvs -Carbon

dioxide

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iv. CLASS – ‘ D’ :- Metal fire (f,day .sks)

fusjd hus hus f,day jrA. .sks .eksus ldkavhg wh;a fjs' .sks ksjsus ldrl
f,i P,h jsgl M,odhs jk w;r jsgl Nhdkl fjs' fndfyda f,day .sksj,g
carbondioxide and bicarbonate wvx.= chemical powder fhdod .eksu wka;d% odhl fjs'
fuu mka;sfha .sks ksjsu ioyd jvd;a Wps; jkafka Powdered graphite, powdered talc,
soda ash, limestone and dry sand fjs' jsfYaIfhkau fishing powder (m;=re uQgsgq ,Efus
l=vq& fhdod .kafka copper, magnesium, zinc, aluminium, sodium, lithium, hafnium hk
f,day fldgia wkqYdrfhka yg .kakd .sks .eksus md,khgh'

v. CLASS – ‘ E’ :- Electrical fire ( js\q,s .sk)s

js\q,sh ldxoq jsulos fyda js\q,s Wmdx. yryd we;s jk .sks js\q,s .sks f,i
yeoskafjs' js\Q,s .skakla ksjsfusos th ;=, js\q,sh w;akus jvd;a m%fjsius jsh hq;=h' jsoQ,s
.sks ksjsfusos wvq Odrs;djhla we;skus tu .skafka jsoq,sh jsikaOs lsrsfuka miq CO2
fhdod f.k .skak ksjsug lghq;= l< hq;=w;r tu .skak ksjd.ekSug fkdyels
jqjfyd;a bka wk;=rej DCP fhdodf.k .skak ksjsug lghq;= l< hq;=h' jsoq,s
.skaklos jsoq,sh jsikaOs lsrsfuka miq tu .skak A, B, fyda D .skakla njg m;afjss'
fujeks .skakloss tu .sks .kakd o%jH ksjsug Wps; udOHhla fhdod .; yel'

Types Of Combustion.

Type 1

25. >k¸ o%j iy jdhq .sks .kakd iq,q ojHh fjs' iDPq ulaIsPka iemhqu;a iu.
by; ioyka \%Hjh .sks .eksfusos jsfhdaPkh jsug wjYH fkdjk \%jH .sks .eksu fusu
jrA.hg wh;a fjs' fuysos fusjdfha WIaK;ajh oykh jk WIaK;ajh olajd by< hhs'

WodyrK f,i uSf;aka (CH4), weisgs,ska (C2 H2), we,afldfyd,a (C2H5OH), .sks
w.=re.

Type 2

26. lsishus ojHhla oykfhaos yg .kakd WIaK;ajh u.ska oyk jdhq ksmojsu
isoqlrkq ,nhs' tu oyk jdhq jd;fha we;s UlaIsPka iu. tl;= jS oykh fjs' fuysos
jsfhdackhg m;a jsu¸ leU,s j,g levsiu¸ WKq jSu¸ jsfYaI ,laIK fjs'

WodyrK f,i - oej¸ lvodis ;Ska; jrA.¸ ma,diagsla¸ rnrA¸ msisk f;,a jrA.¸

Properties of Solids >k \%jH ,laIK

27. lsishuz o%jHla oykfhaos tys msg; ns;a;s r;ajk w;r tu r;ajsu fya;=fjka
.sks .kakd jdIam fyda jdhq l%ufhka ksIamdokh js .skak jrAOkh jSu isoqfjz' fufia
we;sjk .sks .ekSulos tu .skafka oe,a, jeoSu fya;=fjka fuu .sks .kakd jdhq fyda
jdIam ksmojSu isoq fjz' tfia WIaK;ajh jevs jSu fyda .skak jrAOkh jsu tu jia;=fjz
my; idOl u; rod mj;s'

i. Physical shape of material - jia;=fjz o%jHfha msg; yevh

ii. Heat conductivity of solid - ;dmh ixkakhkh jSfuz yelshdj
iii. Extent combustible surface is surrounded by air.- jd;hg ksrdjrAKh jkakdjq .sks
.kakd u;= msg'

9 iSudkajs;hs
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Properties of Liquids. o%j j, ,laIK

28. When flash point is reached in liquids, the heat of combustion travels by radiation
and conduction. The phenomenon of boil over and slop over occur in liquid fires. o%jhla
.sks .kakd iq,q jdIam ksl=;a lrk WIaK;ajhg meusKsfuka miq tys

Effective Extinguishing Media For Different Class of Fire jsjsO jrA.fha .sks .eksus
ksjsug Wjs; udOHhka

29. Class A:- c, .sks ksjdrK¸¸wefudakshus fmdiafmags jsh<s ridhksl l=vq 'ldnka
vfhdlaihsvs '

Class B:- fmk¸ 'ldnkavfhdlaihsvs¸ wefudakshus fmdiafmags jsh<s ridhksl l=vq

fidavshusnhsldnfkags jsh<s ridhksl l=vq¸ yef,dka .Eia¸ c,h jsys\qjd,Su u.ska
^water spray foam light water& jdIam oshr'

Class C:- wefudakshus fmdiafmags jsh<s ridhksl l=vqc,h jsysoqjd,Su u.ska

yef,dka jdhqj'

Class D:- jsh<s ridhksl l=vq ^ Powdered talc sade ach limestone and - yqKq.,a&

Class E :- Co2 ¸ wefudakshus fmdiafmags jsh<s ridhksl l=vq fidavshus nhsldnfkags

jsh<s ridhksl l=vq¸ yef,dka jdhqj'

.skakla ksjs hk l%u -Methods of fire extinction

30. .sks wdrlaIKfha b;d jeo.;a l%u fjsoh jkafka bkaOk yd .sks .kakd \%jH
fjk fjku ;ensuhs' .sks .eksfusos WIaK;ajh wvq lsrsu cooling f,io TlaisPka
jd;h wvq lsrsu smothering o .sks .kakd iqΩ o%jH bj;a lsrsu starvingo fjs'

i. Cooling system - isis,a lsrsu'

ii. Smothering - O2 iemhsu je<elajSu'
iii. Starving - wejsf,k iqΩ \%jH bj;a lsrsu'
iv. Quenching of free radical - ksoyia jdhq we;s jsu je<elajsu'

i. Clooling - isis,a lsrsu'

fuhska woyia lrkqfha mj;sk WIaK;ajh wvq lsrsfus l%shj,shhs' tysos tu .sks
.kakd \%jHh j, l%shdldrs mrudKq fyda ksoyiaa jdhq ksmojsu w;aysgqjd ils%hk
Yla;sh ^activation energe) tl wvq lrkq ,nhs' fndfyda jsg P,h fhdod f.k .skafka
we;s WIK;ajh Wrd.eksug i,iajhs' tjsg my; i|yka fjkialus .skak ;=, we;s
fjs '

I. WIaK;ajh by< hdu' ^Its temperature is raised)

II. jdIam njg yerjSu' ^It is converted to the vapour state)
III. jsfhdackh jSu' ^It is decomposed)
IV. .sks .kakd o%jH iu. ridhkslj m%;sls%hd lsrsu'

10 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

Tlaiscka wjsf,k iqΩ o%jH

PAj,k WIaK;ajh

'ii. Smothering - O2 iemhsu je<elajSu'

fuhska woyia lrkqfha .skakg wjYH TlaIsPka jdhqj k;r lsrsfus l%shdj,shhs'
.skak rod mej;sug wju jYfhka TlaIsPka 16] m%;sY;hla wjYH fjs' fuysos CO2
jdhqj fyda fmk fus ioyd Wmfhda.s lr .; yel'

Tlaiscka wejsf,k iqΩ o%jH

WIaK;ajh

1'4 rEmh- O2 iemhsuje<elajSu'

iii. Starving

.sks .eksfusos .sks .ksuska mj;sk \%Hjh j, fldgia bj;alsrsuhs' tu

wdikakfha .skakg yiqjk ishΩu foa bj;a lsrsu fyda wE;alsrsu u.ska .skak md,kh
lsrsu Starving f,i y\qkajhs'

i. .skak wdikakfha we;s Combustible Substance Material bj;a lsrsu' Wod-# .sks
.kakd Oil Tank j,ska bkaOk bj;a lsrsu'
ii. .sks.kakd øjHkaf.a .skaor weo oeusfuka .skak md,kh lsrsu'
iii. .sks .kakd øjH fldgia j,g lvd oeusu'

Tlaiscka wejsf,k iqΩ o%jH

WIaK;ajh

1'5 rEmh'-yduf;a ;ensu'

11 iSudkajs;hs
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iv. Quenching Of Free Redical

ksoyiajdhq uev meje;ajsu fuf,i yoqkajhs' tjsg .skafka we;s odu m%;sl%shdj
keje;ajsh yel' fus i|yd iqoqiq l%uh jkafka jsh<s ridhksl l=vq ¸ fmk¸ fyda c,h
fhdod .; yel '

wejsf,k iqΩ o%jH

Tlaiscka ksoyia jdhq

WIaK;ajh

1'5 rEmh-ksoyia jdhq we;s jsu je<elajsu'

12 iSudkajs;hs
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2 : mdvu

THEORY OF FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT

.sks ksjsfus isoaOdka;
Ye|skajSu

1' jsjsO jrA.fha .sks ksjsfus udOH fhdod .ksuska .sks ksjsu is\q lrhs' tkus
Water Form, Dry chemical powder, CO2, halon hkdosh fus ioyd fhdod .kakd m%Odk
udOH f,i fmkajd osh yel' halon jdhqfjs ;dCIKsl jdis iy wjdis mrsCIdfjka
f;drj Ndjs;fhka mrsirhg ydks we;s jqjo tys we;s m%n, l%shdldrs;ajh ksid m%Odk
.sks ksjsus moaO;ska i|yd;a m%d:usl .sks ksjsfus WmlrK i|yd;a fhdod .ks'

Advantages Of Water - P,h Ndjs;d lsrsfus we;s jdis

2. .sks ksjsu i|yd Ndjs;d l< yels m%Odku udOH f,i c,h fhdod.ks' fuh
oshruh jYfhka fyda jdIam jeks l=vd wxY= l%uhg wdos jsjsO l%u j,g Ndjs;d l<
yelsh' .sks ksjsu ioyd c,h b;d fydo udOHhla jk w;r c,fha jsfYaI .=Kdx.
lsysmhla we;'

i. isis,a lrsfus yelshdj, jeisfus yelshdj¸ m%idrKhjSfus yelshdjo we;.

ii. c,h fhdod .eksu b;d myiq jk w;r th ,dNodhs l%uhlao fjs'
iii. c,h b;d blaukska ,nd .; yels ksid .Nvd lr ;nd .eksug wjYH
jkafka
ke;'
iv. c,h wk;=reodhl fkdjk f,i m%jykh l, yel'
v. mK we;s cSjskag wys;lr fkdjk ksid jsfYaI wdrlaIdjla wjYH jkafka
ke;'
vi. .sks .kakd ia:dkhg jet and spray l%uhg fhduq l, yels jsu'
vii. c,h b;d l=vd m%udKhlska jsYd, m%foaYhla wdjrAKh l< yelsjsu ^c,h
oshr jYfhka isg jdIam njg m;a jSfus os 1-1600 l ;rus m%udKhg
levsu&
viii. c,fha jsYsIaG ;dmOdrs;djh b;d by< nejska ;dmh wjfYdaIKh lr
.ekSfus yelshdj jevsjsu'
ix. .sks .skakd ia:dk j,ska hejsfus yelshdj iy c,h mSvkhlska hq;=j by<
ia:dk j,g ,nd osfus yelshdj'

Disadvantages Of Water - ^.sks ksjsfus udOHla f,i c,fha we;s wjdis&

3. idudkHfhka c,h fhdod f.k fndfyda wjia:dj, .sks ksjsuz lghq;= isoq l<;a
huz huz wjia:dj,os c,h fhdod .ekSu wka;rdodhl fukau my; ioyka wjdis
iy.; ;;ajkao c,fha we;'
i. WIaK;ajh fi,aishia wxYl 0 os c,h whsia njg m;ajsu'
ii. wOsl >k;ajh ksid fk!ldfjs iunr;djhg ydks meusKsu'
iii. c,h Ndjs;d lsrsu ksid iuyr WmlrK j,g ydks meusKsu'
iv. js\q,s .sks" f;,a .sks yd f,day .sks ioyd Ndjs;dl< fkdyels jsu'
v. uqyq\q c,h Ndjs;h ksid WmlrK u< neosu'
vi. wdydr øjH ,sms øjH jeks foag fhosfusos kej; m%fhdackg .; fkdyels jsu'

13 iSudkajs;hs
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Foam Exttnguishment Agent

4. .Sks ksjsu ioyd fhdod .kakd fmk hkq c,fha osh lrk ,o oshruh fmk
ldrlhls' fuu.ska jdhq nqnqΩ ksmojhs' fus ioyd idudkH jd;h Wmldrs fjs fusjd
.sks .kakd iqΩ oshr j,g jvd >k;ajfhka wvq ksid .sks .kakd iqΩ øj u; mdfjs'
fuu fmk u.ska .sks .kakd øj jd;h iu. .egsu kej;ajSu¸ isis,a lsrsu¸ jdIam
wdjrKh lsrsu wdos lreKq isoqlsrsu ksid .skak ksjshhs' iuyr fmk jrA. b;d >k
f,ahrhla ksrAudKh lrk w;r tu f,ahrh .sks .kakd oshr u; mdjs ;dm
m%;sfrdaOlhla w;s lrhs' iuyr fmk jrA. b;d ;=ks jk w;r tajd b;d fjs.fhka
me;srs hhs' .sks ksjsu ioyd Ndjs;d lrk fmk m%idrKh jk m%udKh wkqj m%udKh
m%Odk jYfhka fldgia ;=klg fnod fjka lr we;'

Stages Expansion ratio

Low expansion foam 20 : 1
Mediumexpansion foam 20 to 200 : 1
High expansion foam 200 to 1000 :1

2.1 - j.=j

m%Odk jYfhka Low expansion form, tank j, .sks yd jsisreKq oshr .sks ksjSu
i|yd Ndjs;d lrhs' fuu fmk .sks .kakd gexlsfha oshr u;= msg fmdrjKhla f,i
me;sfrk w;r tu.ska .sks .kakd \%j O2 iu. iusnkaOjSu j<lajkq ,nhss' Hanger fire
j,os jsYd, f,i bkaOk me;ssrs we;s wjia:djlos b;d blauKska fmk jsiqrejd yersh
hq;=h' fus ioyd Form splinker system Ndjs;d l< yel' Midiam and high expansion
form wdjrAKh jq Compartment j, we;s idudkH .sks yd o%j .sks ksjsu ioyd jeiSfuz
(looding Agent) udOHla yegshgo Ndjs;d l< yel' fuu fmk idod .eksu ioyd
Form Generator tlla Ndjs;d l< yel'

Feature of High Expansion – (H.E FORM j, .;s ,laIK&

5. \%j .sks ksjsu ioyd iqoqiqu udOHla f,i fmk fhdod .kakd w;r tu fmk
my; i|yka iqjsfYaIs .=Kdx. j,ska hqla; fjz '

a. u;=msg jeiSu yd isis,a lsrsfus yelshdj b;d by< jsu'

b. myiqfjka Tkeu m%udKfha mrsudjka wdjrKh lsrsug yelsjsu'
c. jevs WIaK;aj mrdihka j,os jevs ld,hla mej;sfus yelshdj'
d. fusjd jsI rys; jsu'
e. WmlrAK j,g fh\%jsg u< fkdne|su

.sks ksjsu i|yd fhdod .kakd fmk jrA. - Type Of Foam

6' jsjsO jrA.fha \%j .sksksjsu i|yd my; i|yka fmk jrA. Njs;d lrKq ,nhs'

I. Aqueous Film-Forming Foam Agents AFFF

II. Fluoroprotein Foaming Agents FP
III. Film-Forming Fluoroprotein Agents FFFP
IV. Protein Foaming Agents PF
V. Alcohol Resistant Foam/ Alcohol Type Concentrate ATC

14 iSudkajs;hs
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Aqueous Film-Forming Foam Agents (AFFF)

7. AFFF idudkHfhka fk!ldjla ;=, .sks ksjsu i|yd Ndjs;d lrhs' fuh
jsfYaI fmk jrA.hla jk w;r fuys fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon wvx.=h' fuh .sks
.kakd o%j u;=msg 0.0127mm m%udKfha mg,hla ksrAudKh lrhs' fuu fmk o%djk
m%Odk jYfhka jrA. ;=klska ,nd .; yel 6] 3] 1] wdos jYfhka

Characteristic of AFFF- AFFF j, .;S ,laIK

8. jsfYaIfhkau fndfyda wjia:dj, o%j .sks ksjsu ioyd jevs jYfhka AFFF fhdod
.kq ,nhs' tu fmk fhdod .kq ,nkaafka my; i|yka .;s,laIK AFFF j, we;s
ksidh'

i. fuh lD;su ksIamdokhls'

ii. c,fha oshjk ksid myiqfjka fmk ksmojsfuz yelshddj'
iii. .,d hdfuz yelshdj jevs ksid miqfjka me;srsu'
iv. jeiSfuzz yelshdj yd isis,a lsrsfuz yelshdj'
v. ;ud jsiskau ,xjsu fyda me;srsu ^self moving and spread&
vi. jsfYaIfhka .=jka hdkd .sks .eksus j,os jsh<s ridhksl l=vq iu. fhosfus
yelshdj'

Chemical Foam- ridhksl fmk

9. fuu ridhksl fmk jrA.h P,fha oshjs we;s Aluminum Salplate (ALSO4& iy
Sodiumby corbonete (NaHco3) tlg uSY% jsfusos is\qfjk m%;sl%shdj u.ska CO2 jdhqj
iu. fmk ksmojhs' fuu fmk .skakg fhosfusoS O2 fkd,ensu u.ska .skak ksjs hhs.

ridhksl fmk Ndjs;fha we;s wjdis

10' fuu ridhksl fmk jrA.h \%j .sks ksjsu i|yd huz wjia:dj, fhdod .;a;o
fuys jdiS iy.; ;;ajhkag jvd wjdis iy.; ;;ajhka we;s ksid oeka oeka fujd
Ndjs;fhka bj;a lrf.k hhs' tu wjdis iy.; ;;ajhka my; mrsos fjz'

i. fusjd ridhksl \%jH ksid f,day iu. m%;sls%hd lrhs'

ii. m%;sls%hd lrk ksid jsI jdhqka msg jsh yel'
iii. .nvd lsrsu wmyiqhs'
iv. hus fi,jsula isoq jqjfyd;a m%;sls%hdj isoqjk ksid fk!ldj, Ndjs;h
wmyiqhs'
v. iudkH l%uhg jskdY fkdjk ksid mrsirhg ydks lrhs'
vi. ridhksl .=Kh wvQjk ksid wjqreoq 2 lska muK ridhksl o%jH udre l<
hq;=hs'

ldnkavfhdlaihsvz - Carbon Dioxide As An Extinguishing Agent

11' Co2 jdhqj fhosu u.ska mrsirfha we;s TlaIscka jdhqj wvq lsrsula isoq lrkq
,nhs' idudkHh jd;fha we;s TlaIsPka m%udKh 21] ls' CO2 fhos fuka fuu O2
m%;sY;h 12-15] w;r m%udKhlg my; fy,sula isoq lruska .skak ksjd ouk w;r
fuu.ska iafudaorska l%uhg .skak ksjd ouhs' .sks fmrjKhla f,i .sks .kakd
u;=msgj,a j, ls%hd;aul fjhs' CO2 jdhqj u.ska .sks .kakd u;=msgj,a isis,a lsrsula
15 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

isoq lrk ksid isis,a lsrsfus l%uhgo .skak ksjs hhs' fuu jdhqj ish,qu .sks mx;s
i|yd Ndjs;d l< yels w;r wOs n, jsoq,s .sks i|yd fhdod fkd.; hq;=h'

ldnka vfhdlaihsvz fhdod .ekSfuz jdiS

12' ldnka vfhdlaihsvz jdhqfjz .=Kdx. lsysmhlska hqla; fjz' fuh .sks ksjsfuz
udOHhla jYfhka fhdod .kq ,nkafka my; ioyka jdiS ksidh'

i. .sks fkd.kakd msrsisoq jdhqjls' Ndjs;fhka miq wjfYaI b;srs fkdfjz'

ii. l=ikakdhlhla ksid jsoq,s .sks ioyd o iqrlaIs;j fhosh yelsh.
iii. Has a zero ozone depletion potential (ODP) and zero atmospheric lifetime.
iv. l=vd bv m%udKhla ;=, b;d jsYd, m%udKhla .nvd l<yelsh' ^850psi
15C).
v. \%j .sks jdhq .sks jsoQ,s .sks ioyd fhosh yelsh CO2 b;d wvq m%udKhlska
>k \%jH .sks .eksuz ksjdoeush yelsh.
vi. ;rula us, wvq ksid myiqfjka ,nd .; yelsh.
vii. .skak ksjd oeuSu iafu`orska l%uhg iy l+,ska l%uhg jk w;r Burning
Liquids SuchAs Hydrocarbons.

ldnkavfhdlaihsvz fhdod .ekSfuz wjdis

13' ldnkavfhdlaihsvz jdhqj .sks ksjsu i|yd b;d fyd| udOHhlaa jqj;a tu
jdhqfjz my; i|yka wjdis iy.; ;;ajhkao we;.

i. ldnkavfhdlaihsvz fhdod .sks ksjsfuzos Tlaiscka jdhqj 12% ;ruz wvq jk

ksid tu ia:dk j, /|s isgsh fyd;a urKh mjd isoQjsh yel.
ii. yrs;d.dr jdhqjla nejska f.da,sh WIaK;ajh by< hd yel'
iii. is,skavrh ;=,ska jdhqj iuzmQrAKfhka msg jSu ioyd jskdvs 3l muK
ld,hla .;fjz'
iv. ldrAlaIu;djfhka wvq ksid jevs ixo%Khla iy jevs ksjdrK m%udKhla
.Nvd lr .; hq;=h'
v. isis,a lsrsfuz yelshdj b;du wvqh. Dty ice j,ska u;=msg isis,a lsrsu l<
fkdyel.
vi. f,day .sks ksjsu ioyd fhdod .; fkdyel'
vii. fhduq l< yels \Qr wju jsu'
viii. ;rula jsI iys;hs -Mildly toxic.

jsh<s ridhksl l=vq - Dry chemical powder

14' .sks ksjsu i|yd fhdod .kakd ridhksl l=vq jsjO ixfhda. ;=,ska ksmojd we;'
Barax And Sodiam Bicarbonate uq,sl \%jHh f,i f.k fusjd jevs oshqKq lr we;'
oekg .sks ksjsu i|yd Ndjs;d lrk jsh<s ridhksl l=vq f,I Sodium Bicarbonate,
Potassium Bicarbonate, Urea-Potassium Bicarbonate, Mono-Ammonium Phosphate And
Ternary Eutectic Chloride olakg we;' wod, .sks mx;s j,g wkqj fuu ridhksl
jsjsOdldr .sksksjsuz j,g fhdod .ks' fuu jsh<s ridhksl l=vq leg .eisu je<elajsu
ioyd tys we;s P, jdIam wjfYdaIKh lr .eksu ioyd Metallic Stearates, Tri-
Calcium Phosphate, Or Silicones usY%lr we;' DCP ixfhda.hl wvx.= js weks \%jHh
f,i

16 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

i. Sodiyam bicabanate 97]

ii. Magneeciam stearte 1.5]
iii. Magneesiam carbaneet 1.0]
iv. Tricalsium phosphate 0.5]

oelajsh yel' .skakla ioyd jsh<s ridhksl l=vq fhoSfusos my; i|yka wdldr
lsysmhgu .skak ksjs hhs'
i. isis,a lsrsfuz ldrlhla f,i ls%hd lrhs

jsh<s ridhks l=vq u.ska ;dmh wjfY`IKh lr .ekSu is\qjk w;r tfia
;dmh wjfY`IKh lr f.k .ssks fkd.kakd \%jH ksIamdokh lrhs' WodyrK f,i
Co2, H2O, jeksS o%jH fujd ksmojsfuzos ;dmh Wrd .kakd nejska jsh<s ridksl l=vq
fhosfuzos isis,a lsrsfuz l%uhg .skak ksjshhs'

ii. O2 iemhsu je<elajSu ldrlhla f,i ls%hd lrhs

jsh<s ridhksl l=vq .skaklg fh\q jsg .sks oe,a, yryd j<djla wdldrfhka
me;srsu ksid;a .sks oe,a, iy .sks .kakd \%jH w;r iuznkaOh levSu ksid .sks .kakd
ia:dkhg Tlaiscka jdhqj iemhSu j<lkq ,nhs' ;jo jsh<s ridhks l=vq .sks ksjsu
i|yd fhosfuzos Mono Ammoniam Phosphate j,ska Meta Phosphoric Acid bka ksoyia jS
.sks .kakd \%jH u;= mssg we,Su ksid jd;h iy .sks .kakd \%jH w;r iuznkaO;djh
nso ouhs' tjsg .skak ksjs hhs'

iii. ksoyia jdhq we;s jsu je<elajsu'

jsh<s ridhks l=vq ;dmh wjfY`IKh lr f.k fjk;a wKq j,g levSu iso%fjz
fuz wKq ksoyia jdhq iu. m%;sls%hd lr ksIals%h wKq idok w;r fu.ska .skafka odu
m%;sls%hdj nso oukq ,efnz'

2NaHCO3 + Heat = CO2 + H2O + NaCO3

NaCO3 + Heat = CO2 + Na2O
Na2O + H2O (in flame matrix) = 2NaOH
NaOH + H (active in flame) = Na + H2O (inert)
NaOH + OH (active in flame) = NaO + H2O (inert)

iv. Chain-Breaking Reaction by Dry Chemical.

idfmalaIdj n,k l< bicarbonates iyd phosphate wvx.= jsh<s ridhksl l=vq
u.ska fndfyda metals fire i|yd fhosfuzos tys we;s WIaK;ajh wvqjk nejska decompose
;;ajhg m;ajk ksid .sks oe,a,o wvqjk nejska ksoyia jdhqo ksmo jsu wju lrkq
,nk w;r .skak oduhla f,i me;srsu kj;a jkq ,nhs'

Halogenated Agents

16. yef,dka hkq hydrocarbons hydrogen mrudKq tlla fyda Bg jevs ixLHdjla
atoms from the halogen ldKavfha uq, \%jH ^chlorine, bromine, or iodine.) iu. tla lr
idod .kakd ,o oshruh jdhqjls' fuzjd jraKhla fkdue;s jsI njska f;dr .sks
ksjsfuz os laIsKsl ls%hdldrs;ajhla we;s jdhqjls' .sks ksjsu i|yd fhdod .kakd
yef,daka jdhq jrA. lsysmhla we;' tu jdhqka kuz lsrsfuzos wxlhla fhdod .ks' tu
wxlh ksrAudKh js we;af;a m<uq b,lalu tys carbon mrudKq .kKo fojks
b,lalu tys floting .kKo f;jk b,lalu tys chlorine, .kKo isjz jk b,lalu
17 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

tys bromine mrudKq .kKo miajk b,lalu tys mrudKq iodine .kKo miajks
b,lalu nsxoqj jqj fyd;a th bosrsm;a fkdlrhs'

.sks ksjsfuz udOHhla f,i yef,dka fhdod .ekSfuz jdiS

i. fuzjd oshr jYfhka fyda jdIam jYfhka ;snsh yel' .skaklg fhosfuzos
jdIaam b;d blauKska me;sfrK ksid laIKslj .skak ksjd ouhs'
ii. wvq idxo%khla fhdod .eksfuka .skak ksjd oeusfuz yelshdj ;snsu'
iii. by< >K;ajfhka hq;a oshrhla ksid .Nvd lr ;ensfuz myiqj
iv. fuzjd WmlrAK j,g fhoq jsg kej; msrsisoq lsrsfuz myiqj
v. l=ikakdhlhla ksid jsoq,s .sks ksjsu i|ydo fhosh yelsh'
vi. jsfYaI WmlrAK hka;% ldurj, we;sjk .sks ksjsu i|yd fhdod.;
yelsjsu'
vii. idudkHfhka 1301 iy 1211 jeks idxo%K ldnkavfhdlaihsvz fuka
ls%hdldrs;ajh folyudr .=khlsZ'
viii. Ndjs;fhka miq wjfYaI b;srs fkdfjz'
ix. fuh Ys;ldrlhla fkdjk ksid WIaKjfhka is\qjk ydksh wju fjz'

.sks ksjsfuz udOHhla f,i yef,dka fhdod .ekSfuz wjdiS

i. fuzjd wOsixo%Khla nejska usksia isrefrA huz wdidos; ;;ajhla we;sjsh yel'
ii. fuu jdhq 900 F0 jevs WIaKjhlg Ndckh jqjfyd;a tu.ska jsI iys;
\%jH ksIamdokh jsh yel
iii. Tfidka ia:rh jskdYhg yd f.da,sh WKqiqu by< kexjsug fuu jdhqj
odhl fjz'

18 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

3 : mdvu

FIRST AID FIRE FIGHTING APPLIANCES

1' .skakla ksjsu ioyd Njs;d lrKq ,nk WmlrAK ksmojd we;af;a tajd .skaklg
fhosfuzos .skakg wjYH idOl tlla fyda lsysmhla fkd,ens hk wdldrhgh' idudkHfhka
.skakla yg.;a uq,a wjia:dfjz th ksjd oeusu i|yd fhdod .kq ,nk WmlrAK m%d:usl .sks
ksjfuz WmlrAK f,i y\qkajkq ,nhs' tu WmlrAK lsysmhla my;ska oelafjz'

i. Water fire extingusher 9lters

ii. Foam fire extingusher 9 lters
iii. Co2 fire extinguisher 1kg to 7kg
iv. Dcp fire extingusher 1kg to 10 kg

i. c, .sks ksjdrKh - Water Fire Extingusher 9ltrs

fuu .sks ksjdrKh r;+ mdgska mska;dre lr we;s w;r idudkHh .sks ksjsu ioyd
fhdod .ks' fuzjd jrA. follska we;'

i. mSvk jrA.fha .sks ksjdrKh - storage pressure type

ii. ldgs%cA jrA.fha .sks ksjdrKh - Cartridge type

rEmh9 : 1 rEmh - Water Fire Extingusher

i. y\qkd .ekSfuz jrAKh - r;=

ii. Odrs;dj - 9Ltr
iii. ksjdrK jrA. - mSvk jrA.fha .sks ksjdrK
ldgs%cA jrA.fha .sks ksjdrK
iv. n,mdk oqr - 6 - 9 usgra olajd
v. msglsrsfuz ld,iSudj - 60 - 90 ;mamr
vi. Njs;d le< yelafla - A mx;sfha .sks ioyd
vii. ksjs hk wdldrh - isis,a lsrsu u.ska
viii. ls%hdldrs mSvkh - 250 Psi
ix. mrSlaIdldrs mSvkh - 350 psi

19 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

fuys ldgs%cA jrA.fha .sks ksjdrKhl kus ldgs%cA tflys msvkh 750 Psi la fjs' fuh
ls%hd;aul lsrfuos ldgs%cA jrA.fha kus wdrlaIl ljrh bj;a fldg ma,kaPrh my;g ;o
lsrsfuos tys we;s striking pin tl CO2 Cartridge fha jeos seal tl levs msvkhlska tys we;s CO2
t,shg tau u.ska tys we;s P,h my;g f;rmkq ,nhs' tjsg dip tube tl yryd P,h by,g
.uka lr msg lsrsfus k,h osf.a f.dia nozzle tl yryd msvkhlska P,h jsosu is¥lrkq
,nhs' fuysos iusmqraK P, m%udKhu bj;a jshdu is¥jkq ,efns'

msvk P, .sks ksjkhl kus th idudkH jd;fhka msvkh lr we;s w;r operating
leaver ;o lsrsfuska P,h msvkhlska t,shg .uka lrhs' operating leaver ;o lsrsfusos fuys we;s
non- return valve tl jsjD; jsu fuhg fya;j= fjs' fuys we;s jdish jkqfha operating leaver
;o lrf.k isgsfusos mukla non-return valve tl jsjD; jsuhs' tu ksid wmg fuh kj;ajd
kej; kej; Ndjs;hg .; yel' fuu jdish ksid tla jrla Ndjs;d lr ;j;a osk
lsysmhlska wjYHh jqjfyd;a kej;;a Ndjs;hg .; yel'

Maintenance kv;a;=j

I. ie,iqug wkqj kshus; ia:dkfha ;sfnoehs ne,su'

II. msvk P, .sks ksjkhl kus ksis msvkh mrslaId lsrSu'
III. plunger tl yd sprin tl .s%ia lsrsu'
IV. Nozzle tl check lsrsu'
V. ldgs%cA jrA.fha .sks ksjdrKhl kus Co2 ldgs%cA tl iEu jirlg jrla nr lsrd
10% wvq kus udre lr hq;=h'
VI. cylinder corrosion we;aoehs mrslaId lr ne,su'
VII. weel cap tl ksishdldrj ijs js wekaoehs mrslaId lsrsu'
VIII. jirla mdid fyda Ndjs;fhka miq kej; Recharge lsrsu iy wod, oskh igyka
lsrsu'
IX. jir y;rlg miq cylinder pressure test tlla lsrsu

ii. fmk .sks ksjdrKh - Foam Type Fire Extingusher

fuu .sks ksjSfus WmlrKh l%sus mdgska mska;dre lr we;s w;r jrA. follska we;'
tkus

i. Chemical foam
ii. Mechanical foam
a) mSvk jrA.fha .sks ksjdrKh - storage pressure type
b) ldgs%PA jrA.fha .sks ksjdrKh-Cartidge type

Chemical foam
fuh y\qkd.eksu i|yd lSu % s mdgska mska;dre lr we;s w;r oekg Ndjs;fhka bj;a
fjuska mj;s' f;,a .sks i|yd jvd;a fhda.Hh w;r smothering l%uhg .skak ksjd ouhs' fuu
is,skavrh ;=, inner cylinder fha we,quskshus i,afmags o (Also4) msg;ska we;s is,skavrfha
fidvshus nhsldnfkags (NaHco3) wvx.= fjs' .sks ksjsfusos fuys we;s ødjkhka tlg usY% js
m%;sls%hdj u; ksmojk Co2 jdhqfjs msvjh ksid fuu usY%K fol msvkhlska hq;=j fmK
jYfhka msg;g meusfka' l%shd lsrsfusos weel cap tl fydoska ijsjs we;aoehs mrslaId lr ne,sh
hq;=h'

NaHco3 + AlSo4 NaSo4 + Al(OH)2 + Co2 + H2o

20 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

i y\qkd .ekSfuz jrAKh - ls%us

ii Odrs;dj - 9Ltr
iii n,mdk oqr - 6 – 7 olajd usgra
iv msglsrsfuz ld,iSudj - 60 - 90 ;mamr
v Ndjs;d le< yelafla - A iy B mx;sfha .sks
vi ksjShk wdldrh - jeisu u.ska
vii ls%hdldrs mSvkh - 250 Psi
viii mrSlaIdldrs mSvkh - 350 psi

ls%hd;aul lrk wdldrh

I. Weel cap tl fyd|ska ijsjs we;aoehs mrslaId lsrsu'

II. yels;dla ¥rg .skakg ,kajsu'
III. msglsrsfus is¥r we.s,af,ka jid ;=ka y;r j;djla fid,jkak
IV. we.s,af,ka w,a,d isgsug fkdyels jk jsg ksjdrKh hgs w;g isgsk fia .skakg
w,a,kak'
V. msvkfhka msg;g meusfkk fmK .skafka uq,g, ,Ûu we;s ns;a;hs g fyda ndolhg
w,a,d .skakg .,d taug i,iajkak'

Mechanical foam

a) mSvk jrA.fha .sks ksjdrKh - Storage pressure type

b) ldgs%PA jrA.fha .sks ksjdrKh - Cartidge type

fuh ls%us yd r;= mdgska mska;dre lr weks w;r fuys we;=,; P,h ,sgrA 08.46 la o
AFFF 0.54 ltrs la o l,jus lr we;' we;=,; we;s ødjkh msvkhkska hq;=j t,shg .eksug Co2
Cartidge fyda high pressure jdhqj mqrjd we;' ls%hdlsrsfusos jdhqj u.ska ødjkh msvkhkska hq;=j
branch pipe tl olajd meusfka' tys we;s is¥re u.ska jdhq f.da,fha we;s jdhqj iu. usY%js
msvkhlska t,shg meusfka' fuh Ndjs;fhaos fydaia tfla we;s is¥re fkdjefik fia we,a,sh
hq;=h' fuu.ska iafudorska l%uhg .skak ksjkq ,nhs'

i. y\qkd .ekSfuz jrAKh - ls%uz yd r;=

ii. Odrs;dj - 9 Ltr
iii. ksjdrK jrA. - mSvk jrA.fha .sks ksjdrK
ldgs%cA jrA.fha .sks ksjdrK
iv. n,mdk oqr - 6 - 9 olajd usgrA
v. msglsrsfuz ld,iSudj - 60 - 90 ;mamr
vi. Njs;d le< yelafla - A iy B mx;sfha .sks i|yd
vii. ksjs hk wdldrh - jeiSu u.ska
viii. ls%hdldrs mSvkh - 250 Psi
ix. mrSlaIdldrs mSvkh - 350 psi

21 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

iii. ldnkavfhdlaihsvz .sks ksjdrKh - Co2 fire Extinguisher

CO2 fuu .sks ksjdrKh lΩ mdgska mska;drelr we;s w;r Tskeu jrA.fha
.skakla ksjsu i|yd Ndjs;d l<yelsh' kshu m%;sM, .eksu ioyd we;=,; .sks ioyd
Ndjs;d l<hq;+h' t,suyka ia:dkhl Ndjs;d lsrsfuka miq CO2 jdhqj yudhdfuka miq
kej; .skak we;sjSfus yelshdjla we;' fuu jdhqj is,skavrh ;=, .nvd lsrsfusos
øjhla wdldrhg .nvd lrhs' tjsg fuys msvkh 850 psi yd WIaK;ajh 160C fjs'
fuu .sKs ksjdrKh jsø,s .sKs i|yd jvd;a fhda.Hh fjs'

rEmh 9 : 3 - Co2 fire Extinguisher

22 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

i. y\qkd .ekSfuz jrAKh - lΩ fyda r;=

ii. Odrs;dj - 1 – 10 lsf,da.%Euz
iii. ksjdrK jrA. - mSvk jrA.h
iv. n,mdk oqr - 4 - 6 olajd wvs ^iq<f.a fjs.h wkqj fjkia
jsh
yelsh&
v. msglsrsfuz ld,iSudj - 08 - 40 ;mamr
vi. Njs;d le< yelafla - ish,Qu jrA.fha .sks i|yd
vii. ksjs hk wdldrh - jeiSu u.ska
viii. ls%hdldrs mSvkh - 750-850 Psi
ix. mrSlaIdldrs mSvkh - 2700 psi

iv. jsh<s ridhksl l=vq .sks ksjdrKh Dry Chemical Powder Fire Extingusher

fuh ks,amdgska yd r;= mska;drelr we;s w;r Tskeu .skakla ksjsug Ndjs;d
l< yelsh' fujd jrA. follska we;'

i. mSvk jrA.fha .sks ksjdrK - Stord pressure type

ii. ldgs%cA jrA.fha .sks ksjdrK - Cartridge type

rEmh 9 : 4

Dry Chemical Powder Fire Extingusher

fuh y¥kd .eksu ioyd ks,a yd r;= mdgska mska;dre lr we;' jsfYaIfhka
f,day .sks i|yd fhdod .ks' .skakl we;sjk odum%;sl%shdj ns| fy,su fuu.ska
is¥lrkq ,nhs' UkEu .skakla i|yd Ndjs;d l, yelsh' fusjd jsYd, fk!ld j,
flight deck yd air craft j, flat foam j, nyq,j oelsh yelsh' fuho jrA. follska
we;' tkus mSvk jrA.fha yd ldgs%cA jrA.fha .sks ksjdrKfjs' mSvk jrA.fha .sks
ksjdrK dry nitrogen jdhqfjka msvkh lrk we;' ldgs%cAjrA.fha .sks ksjdrKfha Co 2
ldgs%cA ijslr we;'

i. y\qkd .ekSfuz jrAKh - ks,a yd r;=

ii. Odrs;dj - 1 – 10 lsf,da.%Euz
iii. ksjdrK jrA. - mSvk jrA.fha .sks ksjdrK
ldgs%cA jrA.fha .sks ksjdrK

23 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

iv. n,mdk oqr -4 - 6 olajd wvs ^iq<f.a fjs.h wkqj fjkiafjs&

v. msglsrsfuz ld,iSudj - 10 - 30 ;mamr
vi. Njs;d le< yelafla - ishΩu jrA. .sks i|yd
vii. ksjs hk wdldrh - jeiSu u.ska
viii. ls%hdldrs mSvkh - 250 Psi
ix. mrSlaIdldrs mSvkh - 350 psi

DCP It Contents - ixfhda.H

i. NaHco3 97%
ii. MgSo4 1.5%
iii. Mg steiarate 1%
iv. 3N posphate 0.5%

2. FIRE FIGHTING APPLIANCES

Nozzle

i. Jet Nozzle
ii. Spray Nozzle
iii. Jet And Spry Nozzle
iv. Spray And Jet Nozzle
v. Fog Nozzle
vi. Diffuser Nozzle
vii. Multy Purpous Nozzle

Jet / Spray Nozzle - \qrg jsosk iy jsisrS hk wdldrfha ;=v

3' fusjd hydrant tlg fire hose iuznkaO lr c,h ,nd .eksu ioyd Ndjs;d lrk
w;r iEu ;gzgqjlu FRP fire locker tflys .nvd lr we;' fuh jsfYaIfhka .sks
ksjsfuz lKavdhu .skafka we;s ;dmfhka wdrlaId lr .elsu i|yd Ndjs;d lrhs' fuh
Ndjs;fhaos fuys sleave tl Trf,daiqfjs lgq lrlefjk wdldrhg lrlejSfuka j;=r
jsisrS hk wdldrhg ^water walls) ilid .; yel' jra. w.,g rd;a;,a 80 l fire
main pump pressure tlloS mehlg fgdka 36 l Odrs;djla msg lrkq ,nhs' (130
gallon per minute)' fuh water wall Njs;d lrhs' .sks ksjSu i|yd fuh fhdod fkd.;
hq;=h'

24 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

Spray/Jet Nozzle -jsisrS hk iy oqrg jsosk ;=v

4' fuh weather deck tflys yer iEu fk!ldjlu iEu fire hydrants tlla i|yd
Ndjs;d lrkq ,nhs' fuys sleave tl Trf,daiqfjs lgq lrlefjk wdldrhg
lrlejSfuka j;=r oqr jsosk wdldrhg ^water jet ) ilid .; yel. jra. w.,g
rd;a;,a 80 l fire main pressure tlloS mehlg fgdka 14.5 l Odrs;djla msg lrkq
,nhs' (53 gallon per minute) fuh fire fighter Njs;d lrhs'

Diffuser Nozzle.

5' fuu WmlrAKh Spray/Jet hk l%u folgu c,h jsiqrejd,sh yelsh. jra.
w.,g rd;a;,a 80 l fire main pressure tlloS mehlg fgdka 32 l Odrs;djla msg
lrkq ,nhs.

Inline Inductor

6' fuu WmlrAKh iuznkaO lrkqfha fire Maine line tlgh' fire Maine tfla we;s
mSvkh fya;=fjka Inline Inductor tfla we;s Venture System ksid Pickup Tybe tl
u.ska AFFF \%djkh fire Maine tlg weo .ks' bka miq AFFF yd c,h usY%js Fire Hose
tl osf.a f.dia +foam making branch pipe tl yryd .skakg fhduq l< yel'

Foam Making Branch Pipes.

7' .sks ksjsfuzos fmk ksIamdokh lr .ekSu ioyd fuu WmlrAKh Njs;d lrkq
,efnz' fuzjd jrA. ;=klg ksIamdokh lr we;' fuu jrA. ;=kgu fl,skau c,h
iuznkaO lr fmk ksIamdokfhka .skak ksjd .; yel' fuys we;s Venture System

25 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

ksid Pickup Tybe tl u.ska AFFF \%djkh weo .ks' fuz WmlrAK Ndjs;fhka jsYd,
m%udKhla fmk ksIamdokh lr .; yel' fuh jsfYaIfhka \%j .sks i|yd Ndjs;d
lrkq ,nhs '

Foam Making Branch Pipe 5(X).

8' fuh nrska wvq ieye,a,q Branch Pipe tlls' fk!ldj, hka;% iq;% we;s ia:dk j,
we;s jk f;,a .sks ksjsu i|yd fuh Ndjs;d lrhs' fire main tlg 4.8 bar mSvkhlska
hq;=j AFFF 10L la ,nd oQka jsg FB 5(X) tl u.ska foam 2250 L jskdvshla ;=,
ksIamdokh lr.; yelsh.

rEmh 9 : 5-Foam Making Branch Pipe 5(X)

Foam Making Branch Pipe 10

9' fuh jevs Odrs;dhla iys; Branch Pipe tlls' fk!ldj, hangers and flight
decks j, f;,a .sks ksjsu i|yd fuh Ndjs;d lrhs' fire main tlg 6.9 bar mSvkhlska
hq;=j AFFF 35L ,nd oQka jsg FB 10 tl u.ska foam 4000 L jskdvshla ;=, ksIamdokh
lr.; yelsh.

rEmh 9 : 6 - Foam Making Branch Pipe 10

26 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

Making Branch Pipe 10 (X).

10' fuu Branch Pipe tl wfkla tajdg jvd m%;sM, odhl w;ska b;d Wiia fjz'
helicopter landing position or flight deck j, .sks ksjsu i|yd muKs' fire main tlg 4.14
bar mSvkhlska hq;=j AFFF 25 L ,nd \Qka jsg FB 10 (X) tl u.ska foam 4600 L
jskdvshla ;=, ksIamdokh lr .; yelsh. wfkla ia:dk j,go wjYH;djh u;
Ndjs;d lsrsug yels w;r fk!ldjl isg ;j;a fk!ldjl .sks ksjsu i|ydo fuh
Ndjs;d lrhs'

rEmh 9 : 7 - Making Branch Pipe 10 (X)

27 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

04 : mdvu

MAJOR FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM - m%Odk .sks ksjsfuz moaO;s

yeoskajsu
1' wm fk!ld yd wdh;k j, rdcldrs lsrsfusos mqoa.,hskaf.a fkdie<ls,su;a lu
ksid fyda yosis wk;=re ksid .sks .eksuz isoq jsh yelsh' jsfYaIfhkau fk!ldj, kuz
fndfyda \qrg f;,a .sks fyda jsoq,s .sks olakg ,efnz' .skakla we;sjq jydu th ksis
m%:udOdr .sks ksjsfuz WmlrAK Njs;d lr ksjd .; fkdyels jqj fyd;a th m%Odk
.skakla njg m;afjz' tjeks wjia:djlos tkuz m%Odk .sks ksjsu i|yd my; i|yka
l%ufjzo tlla fyda lsysmhla fk!ldj, ia:dms; lr we;'

i. Fire Main System

ii. Foam Inlet Tube System
iii. Sprinkling System (Water/Foam)
iv. Co2 Smothering System
v. Halon System
vi. Steam Smothering Sestem
vii. Liquid Chemical Fire Fighting System
viii. Chemical Smothering System

Fire Main System

2. fk!ldfjs weksfha isg wjrh olajd we;s ish,qu ia:dk olajd;a, iEu ;gsgqjla
mdid;a uqyqoq c,h msvkhlska hq;=j .uka ksrsu i|yd idod we;s r;+ mdgska mska;dre
lrk ,o c, k< moaO;shls' fk!ld iy h;a;% j, fukau f.dvnsuz wdh;k j,
m%Odk jYfhka .sks ksjsu i|yd fuu l%uh jevs jYfhka Wmfhda.s lr .ks' fuu k<
moaO;sfha wjYH ia:dk j, Fire Hydrant ijs lr we;s w;r yosis wjia:dlos .sks
.eksu i|yd tu Hydrant wi,u Fire Nozzle iy fire Hose .Nvd lr we;s w;r
fk!ldj, .sks ksjsu i|ydo fjk;a ldrAhhka i|yo fuu l%uh Wmfhda.s lr.kq
,nhs' fuu moaO;sh Dry sestem yd Wet System jYfhka fk!ldj, mj;ajdf.k hkq
,nhs' fuu moaO;sfha my; i|yka .=Kdx.kaf.ka hqla; jsh hq;=h'

i. fmduzm follg jvd jevs m%udKhla ;snsh hq;=h'

ii. Emargency fire pump tlla ;snsh hq;=h'
iii. Pump pressure tl 6 - 8 bar ;snsh hq;=h'
iv. Emargency fire pump fjk uu ia:dkhl ;snsh hq;=h'
v. Mud box wi, high pressure air line tlla ;snsh hq;=h'
vi. iEu water tight bulk head tlla yrydu fire maine line tlla .uka lrk
jsg Isolation valve oud ;snsh hq;=h'
vii. iEu Deck tlla i|ydu pressure gauge tlla ijs lr ;snsh hq;=h'
viii. wjYH mrsos hydrant ijs lr ;snsh hq;= w;r tajd tlska tl wxlkh l<
hq;=h'

3. Other Purpose Of Fire Maine System

i. Domastic and senitory system. (iksmdrlaIl fiajh i|yd)

ii. Stability purpose (fk!ldfjs iunr;djh r|d .eksu i|yd)
iii. Prewetting system. (fk!ldj ridhksl m%ydrhlska wdrlaId jsu i|yd)
iv. Hangger spraying system. (.=jkahkd kj;ajd we;s ia:dkj, P,h bisu)
v. Machinary equipment cooling.
vi. For educators system.

28 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

Mainetenance Of Fire Maine System

4. .sks kssjfuz os b;d fydo ldrAhlaIu moaO;shla f,i mj;ajd f.k hdu i|yd
tys ksis f,i kv;a;= lghq;= is\ql< hq;=h' tkuz tys my; i|yka kv;a;= lghq;= isoq
l< hq;=h'

i. jirlg jrla ish,qu line pressure test l< hq;=h.

ii. Fire hydrant seal udi ;=klg j;djla mrSlaId l< hq;= w;r wjqreoaolg
jrla
udre l<hq;=h'
iii. Pressure gauge jirlg jrla service l< hq;=h.
iv. jirlg jrla Fire pump tl Service l< hq;=h.
v. ishΩu valve udihlg jrlaj;a grees l< hq;=h.
vi. jirlg jrla ishΩu Valve service l< hq;=h.
vii. uqyq\q pdrsld jdrhlg fmr iy miq Mud box msrsis\q l< hq;=h.
viii. Suction sternas iy Mat box service osk m;du High pressur l<hq;=h.

Foam Inlet Tube Syste

10 : 1 - rEmh Foam Inlet Tube System

5' fuu .sks ksjsfuz moaO;sh fk!ldj, hka;% iq;% we;s ia:dk j, Bilges Area j,
liquid jra.fha .skakla .;ajsg th ksjsu i|yd m%fhdackhg .ks' fire maine tl
wdOdrfhka ls%hd lrhs 'fuh wether deck tfla isg jqj;a ls%hd;aul l< yelsh' fire
maine tflka ,nd .kakd c,h FB 5X branch pipe tlla yryd .uka lsrsug i,iajhs'
tjsg gexlsfha we;s AFFF \%djkh FB 5X we;s Pickup Tube tl yryd t<shg .uka lr
c,h iu. usY% jS fmk ksIamdokh fjz' tu fmk Inlet Tube tl yryd .uka lr
Bilges Area tlg fmk uqod yrskq ,nhs' tjsg tys we;s .skak smothering l%uhg
ksjshhs.

High level foam sprinkling System

29 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

fuu l%uh jsfYaIfhkau Hanger Fire, Explosive Fire, and passenger ship, j, .sks
ksjSu i|yd fhdod .kakd l%uhls' Fire Maine tl u.ska c,h ,nd .kakd w;r In
Line Inductor tl u.ska gexlsfha we;s AFFF \%djkh ,nd f.k c,h iu. usY% lr'
tu \d%jkh Sprinklers ;=,ska t<shg jsosfuzos jd;h iu. .egs fmk ksl=;afjz' fuu
fmk u.ska Smothering l%uhg .skak ksjd oeush yel'

rEmh 10 : 2- Sprinkling System (Water/Foam)

Steam smothethring system

fuu .sks ksjsfus l%uh steam u.ska l%shd lrk fk!ldj, muKla Ndjs;d
lrkq ,nhs' fuh engine room, boiler room yd auxiliary machinery compartment i|yd
Ndjs;d lrhs' fuu system tl operat lsrsu ioyd compartment tlska t,shg valve
fhdod we;' fuu valve j, jevs wdrlaIdj i|yd locking arrange ment tllao idod
we;' fuys m%:ufhka open l, hq;af;a master valve tl jk w;r bka miq wk;=re
ye.jsfus k,djla kdo fjs' fuu.ska machinery compartment ;=, rdPldrs kshq;=jka
yg steam ksl=;a jsug fmr bj;a jsug wjia:dj ie,fia' bka miq control wheel u.ska
steam md,kh lr wod, ia:dkhg ,ndosh yel' steam u.ska .skak ksjsfuka miq cool
lr BA set m,|d tu compartment tl ;=,g we;=,qjsh hq;=h.

Co2 Smothering System

7' fuu l%uh Ndjs;d lrkq ,nkafka fk!ldj, jsfYaIs; jq ia:dk i|ydh' (engine
room,pump room, generator room) fuu ldnkavfhdlaihsvs moaO;sh hka;% ldurfhka
msg; ldurhl ijs lr we;s w;r tys we;s k< moaO;sh u.ska hka;% ldurh olajd

30 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

ldnkavfhdlaihsvs jdhqj f.k hkq ,nhs. fuh Auto yd manual jYfhka ls%hd;aul l,
yel.

rEmh 10 : 3 - Co2 Smothering System

ls%hd;aul lsrsug m%:u l, hq;= foaj,a

I. ksis n,Odrshdf.a wjirh ,nd.; hq;=hs'

II. we;=,; isgsk wh bj;a ;, hq;=hs'
III. js≥,sh jsikaos l, hq;=hs'
IV. ishΩu jd;dY%h ,efnk yd msg jk ia:dk jeish hq;=hs'
V. ishΩu door and hacth ljr jeish hq;=hs'

fuu l%uh ls%hd;aul lsrsu ioyd pilot N2 fnda;,a 02la we;. Operating box tl
wersfusos alarm tlla ksl=;a fjs. Box tl we;=,; ,sjrA 02 la we;. tu ,sjrA 02 l
ms,sj,ska main valve yd N2 fnda;,a jsjD; lsrSu i|yd fhdod we;. m<uqj l, hq;af;a
box tfla fodr jsjD; lSrSuhs' fodr jsjD; miq audio video alarm kdo fjs. uska miq
m,uqj fuu moaO;sfha main valve tl jsjD; lsrsu i|yd thg iusnkaO ,Sjrh my;g
woskak. tjsg fuu moaO;sfha we;s main valve tl jsjD; fjs. bka miq pilot bottle (N2)
jsjD; lsrSu i|yd wfkla ,Sjrh my;g woskak. tjsg N2 fnd;,a jsjD;js tys we;s N2
j, msvkh ksid moaO;sfha we;s piston tl my;g ;,a,q lrkq ,nhs. tu.ska thg
iusnkaO lr we;s Co2 fnd;,a jsjD; fjs. jsjD;jq fnd;,a j, we;s Co2 jdhqj wjOdkus
kdohla ksl=;a lruska k, udrA. Uiafia main valve yryd wod, compartment tlg
,.dfjs bka miq nozal ;=,ska compartment ;=,g Co2 jdhqj ksl=;afjs. fuu jdhqj .uka
lrk k< udrA. ;=, pressure gauge yd pressure swith iusnkaO lr we; ;jo fuu k,
udrA.hg iusnkaO lr we;s huter kdo jsu is≥fjs' fuu.ska k, udrA. ;=,ska Co2 jdhqj
.uka lrk nj wmg oek .eksug mq,qjk.

Halon System

8' ye,ka hkq .sks ksjsu i|yd Ndjs;d lrk fydo .sks ksjSfus ldrlhls' fusjd
jdhq wjia:dfjsos fN!;sl iaNdjfhka mj;s' uSf;aka Bf;aka nshqf;aka fmd%afmaka hk
hydro Carban jdhq iu. wdjrA;s;d j.+fjs 07 fjks ldkavfha jdhq iu. iusnkaO lr
ye,ka jdhqj idod .; yel'

31 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

10 : 4 - rEmh Halon System

32 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

05 : mdvu

THE FIREMAIN AND ASSISTED FIRE EQUIPMENT

yeoskajSu

1' fk!ldjl .skakla ksjsfuzos m%Odk
tl Njs;d lrhs' myiqfjkau .sks .kakd
c,h jsosu ioyd fire maine tl Njs;d
jeo.;a ldrAhhla fire maina system tl
fldgia follska iukajs;hs
.sks ksjsfuz l%uhla f,i fire maine system
.Nvd j,g iy wjs wdhqO we;s .Nvd j,g
lrhs' ;jo uqyqoQ c,h ,nd f.k b;du;a
u.ska bgq lrkq ,nhs' fuh m%Odk jYfhka

i) Dry system - Bilding fire main system.

ii) Wet system - Ships fire main system.

Fire Hydrants

2' fuh fk!ldj, m%Odk .sks ksjsfuz moaO;shg ijslr we;s WmlrAKhls'
fk!ldfjz iEu fldgilau wdjrKh jk mrsos fusjd ijslr wxlkh lr we;'
fusjdfha we;s valve wersfuzos iy jeiSfuzos w;ska ;o lr jeiSu isoq l< hq;=h' jevs ;o
lsrsula l<fyd;a valve seat tlg ydks isoqjsh yelsh'

Fire Hose

3' m%Odk .sks ksjsfuzos Fire Hose j,ska iqjsfYaIs lrAhla bgq lrKq ,nhs'
fk!ldj, .sks ksjsu i|yd;a ta ta ;gzgq w;r mrsyrKh i|yd;a my; i|yka
m%udKhka f.ka hq;a Fire Hose Ndjs;d lrKq ,nhs'

No i - wÛ,a 1.5 ^37mm) fk!ldjl ;gsgq w;r Ndjs;d lrhs.

No ii - wÛ,a 2 ^50mm) fk!ldjl m%Odk ;gsgqfjs Ndjs;d lrkq ,nhs.

No iii - wÛ,a 2 ¾” (68mm) jsYd, .sks ioyd fmk Ndjs;d lsrSug fhdod .kS.

4' .sks ksjsfuos fyda fjkhuz ldrAhlos Fire Hose Ndjs;d lrk wjia:dj, fuu
Hose j, wdrlaIdj i|yd my; i|yka l%u j,g wkql+,j Fire Hose mrsyrKh l<
hq;=h' '

i. TskEu fudfyd;l Ndjs;hg .ekSu i|yd Hydrants wi,u hose .Nvd

lr ;snsh hq;= w;r nozzle o ta wi,u .Nvd lr ;snsh hq;=h.

33 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

ii. fusjd .nvd lsrSug m%:u j;=r neihk wdldrhg ;enSfuka miq uo
mjfka jsh<d .Nvd l< hq;=h.
iii. Fire hose iy capling j, ;Ska; wdf,am fkdl< hq;=h'
iv. Fire hose lsis jsfgl vSi,a fmg%%,a jeks \%j yqjudre i|yd Ndjs;d
fkdl< hq;=h'
v. Fire hose lefmk iq,q ia:dkj,ska yd rtZ ia:dkj,ska weof.k hdu
fkdl< hq;=h'
vi. Fire hose weTfrk wdldrhg os. yersu fkdl< hq;=h'
vii. iEu wjia:djloSu Hydrants valve, delevary valve, b;d fiuska jsjD;
l<hq;=h. (hose mqmqrd hdug bv we;s ksid&'

Coupling

5' Fire hose tlsfkl iuznkaO lsrsug yd Fire Maine tlg Hose iuznkaO lsrsfuzos
Coupling wjYH fjS' fujd laIkslj connect lsrsug fyda disconnect lsru
s g yels jk
mrsos ksmojd we;' fuzjd jrA. follska we;'

i. Instantaneous coupling.
ii. Admirality Standard Bayonet Joint coupling. (ASBJ)

i. Instantaneous Coupling.

fuzjd Male and female f,i jrA. follska we;. ish,qu hydrant j,giuznkaO
jkafka Female Coupling jk w;r Male Coupling tl Hose tfla we;' Hose tlla
.skakg /f.k hdfuzos Female Coupling tl .skak foig;a Male Coupling tl
Hydrant tl me;a;g;a /f.k hd hq;=h' Hose t;sfuzos Female Coupling tl we;=,a
me;a;g;a Male Coupling tl msg me;a;g;a isgskfia mdjspzpshg iq\qiq Hose t;su is\q
l<hq;=h'

ii. Admirality Standard Bayonet Joint coupling. (ASBJ)

fuu coupling j, iuznkaOjk fldgia fol lsis fia;au fjkia jsug ,la
fkdfjz' fuys me;s foflka Uzkeu me;a;la Hose tlg fyda Hydrant tlg iuznkaO l<
yel' fuu Coupling m%udK follska we;'

i. usus 50 (2")
ii. usus 68 (2 3/4")

rEmh 10 : 2 rEmh 10 : 3

Instantaneous Coupling ASBJ Coupling

34 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

Breeching Piece.
6' fuu WmlrAKh „Y‟ yevhg ksrAudKh lr we;s w;r f,day j,ska idod we;'
m%Odk jYfhka fuhska n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka c,h ,nd .kakd ia:dkfhka Hose
tllska c,h ,nd f.k Hose follg c,h ,ndosuhs' Hose follska c,h ,ndf.k
Hose tllg osug;a fuu Breeching Piece tl Njs;d lrhs' fuu WmlrAKh fhdod
f.k water wall iEosug;a tu.ska .sks ksjsughdu is\Q fkdl< hq;=h' fuu WmlrAKh

jrA. follska we;'

rEmh 10 : 4 rEmh 10 : 5

Breeching pieces Collecting pieces

Adaptors

7. Coupling Wmfhda.s lr.ksuska Hose jevs m%udKhla iuznkaO lsrsug Adaptors

Ndjs;d lrhs' fuzjd my; wdldrhg jrA. ;=klska we;' fuzjd kshus; ia:dkj,
.Nvd l< hq;=h' jsYd, fk!ldj, kusz section base j, yd l=vd fk!ld j, kuz fire
and repair party post tfla we;s fire lockers j, ia:dk .; lr ;snsh hq;=h'

i. Male and female Adaptors.

ii. Instantaneous Adaptors or double male Adaptors.
iii. Double female Adaptors.

Fire Pump
i. Hull and fire pump
ii. Fire and Bilge Pump
iii. Engine driven
iv. Portable Fire Pump
v. Submersible
vi. Hand pump

35 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

i. Hull and flre pump

fuu pump jrA. machinery spese j,ska msg; ijslr we;' fuzjd js\q,sfhka
ls%hdlrk w;r oshhg .s,ajsug fkdyels fmduzmfjz' fuys m%Odk Suction Line tl
iuznkaO lr we;af;a uqyq\q ugzgugh' ;jo Discharge tl Over Board hk mrsos ilid
we;' mehlg fgdka 20 - 75 w;r m%udKhla c,h ,nd .; yelS jk w;r jsYd,
fk!ldj, mehlg fgdka 100 la ,nd .; yels fmduzm ijslr we;' fuh fl,skau
iuznkaO jkafka Fire Maine tlgh fuu.ska Fire Maine ioyd 100 psi mSvkhla ,ndfoa
Suction yd Discharge Vaive ioyd Relif Valve ijslr we;' ;jo fk!ldfjz jsjsO
ldrAhhka i|yd tkuz iu;=,s;;djh /l.eksu i|yd" wdmodjlos c,h bj;a lsrsu
i|yd fuu fmduzm fhdod .ks'

ii. Fire And Bilge Pump

fuu pump jrA. machinery spese j, ijs lr we;' fuzjd js\Q,sfhka ls%hdlrk
w;r fuys m%Odk Starting Suction tl uqyqfoka ,nd .kakd w;r Pump Suction tl
Bilge Area tflkao ,nd .ks' fuys Discharge tl Over Board yd Fire Maine tlg
iuznkaOlr we;s w;r mehlg fgdka 40 - 75 w;r m%udKhla c,h ,nd.; yelS
jk w;r jsYd, fk!ld j, mehlg fgdka 100 la ,nd .; yels fmduzm ijslr we;'
fujd Self priming jk w;r fk!ldfjz fjk;a ldrAhhka ioydo fhdod .ks'

iii. Portable Fire Pump

fuu pump jrA. .sks ksjsu i|yd fukau wdmod wjia:djlos m%fhdckhg .;
yels mrsos ia:dk.; lr we;' ia:srju ijs fkdl< fuu fmduzm bkaOk u.ska ls%hd
lrk ksid jsoq,sh fkdue;s wjia:djlos fk!ldfjz .sks ksjsu ioyd c,h ,nd
.ekSug;a wdmodjlos fhdod .eksug;a yels mrsos ;nd we;' nrska wvq kksid myiqfjka
tyd fuyd f.khd yelsh' fuhg jsjO Suction and Discharge Hose we;'

36 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

06 : mdvu

GENERAL SAFETY AND FIRE PREVENTION

Fire hazard - .sks Wjoqre

1' .skakla we;s jSu i|yd wjYH m%udKhg Tlaiscka jdhqj idukH jdhq f.d,fha
mj;s' .sks .kakd iqtZ jdhqka jdIam iy tjeks ixfhda. mrsirfha mej;sh fyd;a .sks
mq,s.=jla ,o iekskau .skakla we;s jsh yelsh' tjeks wjia:djka Wodlrkakdjq idOl
kuz

i. fros jeks \%jH frAvsfhgrA bosrsmsg fjz,Su'

ii. frosms<s ksis f,i wyqrd fkd;snsu'
iii. m,q\Q fugzg ;ek ;ek jsiqrejd ;snsu'
iv. f;,a jeks \%jH msi ouk ,o fros len,s ;eka ;ekaj, oud ;snsu'
v. ;Ska; iy f;,a jrA. jsiqrejd ;snsu'
vi. ;Ska; ;gzgq jYfhka wdf,am lr ;snsu'
vii. wdrlaIdldrs f,i jdIamSlrKh jk \%jH .Nvd fkdlsrsu'
viii. lvodis jeks \%jH ksisf,i ia:dk .; fkdlsrsu'
ix. msisug .kakd f;,a jrA. oevs f,i WIaK;ajhg Ndckhjsu'
x. jev fmd<j,a jeks ia:dk wmsrsis\q f,i mj;ajdf.k hdu'

Fire Prevention - .sks j<lajd .eksu

2' .skakla we;sjsu j<lajd .eksug kuz .sks .kakd iq,q \%jH j,g ;dmh ,ensu
iy js\q,s WmlrAK wkjYH f,i r;ajSug bv fkdosh hq;=h' tfiau fk!ldfjz .sks
ksjsfuz ixjsOdkh ksr;=rej mqyqKqjSuz lghq;= is\qlsrsu u.skao .skakla we;s jq jydu
th ksjd oeusug yelshdj ,efns' fk!ldfjz ffoksl rdcldrs is\qlsrsfuzos huz huz
wjia:dj,os wmf.a ls%hd l,dmhka ksid fndfyda \qrg .sks we;sjsu is\qfjz .skakla
we;sjsug l,ska .skakla we;s jSu j<lajd .ekSu i|yd my; i|yka ls%hdj,shka
wkq.ukh l< yelsh'

i. fk!ldfjz we;s ish,q js\q,s WmlrAK wdrlaId iys; oehs mrSlaId l< hq;=h"
ii. .sks .kakd ish,q \%jH js\q,s W\qka jeks wOsl r;a jSug Ndckh jk
WmlrAK j,ska wE;a lr ;snsh hq;=h"
iii. fk!ldfjz \quzmdkh iSud lsrsu iy bj; ouk ,o is.rgz fldg ksis f,i
ksjd oud hlv noqka j,g oeuSh hq;=h"
iv. mqoa.,sl nvqndysr wdoSh ksis ms<sfj,g ;nd .; hq;=h"
v. Electric iron soldering iron Ndjs;fhka miq jsikaOs lr ;ensu"
vi. ;Ska; wdf,am lsrsfuka miq ta i|yd Ndjs;d l, \%jH yd b;srs fldgia
.Nvd fj; Ndr osu"
vii. fk!ldfjz mqyqKq mx;s mj;ajd ishΩu fokd .sks ksjsu iuznkaOfhka
oekqj;a l< hq;=h"
viii. fk!ldfjz we;s ishΩu WmlrAK yd moaO;s ^Exhaust punal"Exhaus trank"gas
line"
fuel line") ksis f,i kv;a;= lsrsu"

37 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

Precaution to prevent fire - .skakla we;s jSug fmr j,lajd .eksu

4. fk!ldj, Ndjs;d lrKq ,nk wOsl WIaK;aahla we;s WmlrAK mrsyrKh

lsrsfuzos iy WIaK;aj wOsl ia:dkj, rdcldrs lsrsfuzos .sks we;sjsfuz wjOdku jevs
nejska fmr mrsiaiuz jsu b;d jeo.;a jk w;r ta i|yd my; i|yka l%ufjzohka
wkq.ukh l, yelsh'Z

i. WIaK;ajh .uka fkdlrk wdldrhg wdjrK fhdod ;snsu"

ii. .sks wdrlaIK l%u fhdod ;snsu"
iii. jyd .sks wejsf,k iqΩ o%jH, ridhksl o%jH m%jdyk lrk fk!ldj,
jSfYaIs;jq isis,k l%u Ndjs;d lsrsu"
iv. fk!ld we;=,; WIaK;ajh md,kh lsrsu i|yd ventileton lsrsu fyda jdhq
iukh lr ;snsu"
v. .sks .kakd iqΩ jdhqka iy \%j .uka lrk k< moaO;s y\qkd .ekSu i|yd
jsfYaIs; jq jrAK Ndjs;d lsrsu"
vi. js\q,s moaO;s i|yd jq wdjraK iy wdrlaIl WmlraK Ndjs;d lsrsu"
vii. yels;dla oQrg by< cAj,k WIaK;ajla we;s NdKav Ndjs;d lsrsu"
viii. m%Odk hka;% wfkl=;a hka;% u.ska msg lrkq ,nk Exhaust gases isis,a lr
panale wOdrfhka fyda shipside tflka msg lsrsu"
ix. Gas tight ;;ajfha yd water tight ;;ajfha mj;ajd f.k hdu"
x. u.S m%jydk fk!ld j, yosis msgjsfuz fodrgq ilia lr ;snsu"

38 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

07 : mdvu

FIRE ALARM AND DETECTION SYSTEM

yeoskajSu

1' .Sks .kakd iqΩ \%jH ridhkslj Tlaiscka iu. m%;sls%hd lsrsfuka ;dmh
iu.ska \qu iy oe,a, ksl=;afjz' .skafka fuu iuyr ,laIK idudkH mrsirfha
fmkakquz lrkq ,nhs' .sks wkdjrK moaO;s ;=,ska fuu ,laIK monitor l< yel'
ta;=,ska m%foaYhka ys wdrlaIdj ;yjqre lsrsug bv m%ia:dj ,efns'

Fire detection

2. .sks wkdjrl moaO;shl ls%hdldrs;ajh i|yd \qu iy invisible products

(fkdfmfkk b;d ishqus ksIamdok) mokuzfjz' fuz ;=,ska Tzkeu m%foaYhl wdrlaIdj
;yjqre lsrsu i|yd fuu moaO;sh fhdod .; yel' .skakla we;sjq jsg fuu moaO;sh
;=,ska Alarm tlla ls%hd;aul jk w;r iuyr wjia:dj, bell tlla fyda siren tlla
iy bulb oe,ajsh yel' fuu moaO;ska automatic fixed fire detectors, fire alarm, control
panels, indicating units iu.ska js\q,s mrsm: iu. Energize (Yla;Hdhkh) lr we;'
fuzjd uq,sl jYfhka fldgia ;=klg ijslr we;'

i. kshus; detectors tl wjYH ia:dkj, ijs flfrA'

ii. Control unit tl ;=,ska moaO;shg wjYH voltage imhkq ,nk w;r ix{d
,nd .ekSu iy ix{d ksl=;a lsrsu ;=,ska siran fyda visual warning ksl=;a
flfrA'
iii. An Alarm

Working Principle of Fire Detectors - (.sks y\qkd .eksfus ixfjsol j, ls%hdldrs;ajh)

3. Fire detection j, ;sfnk iQlaIu uq,OrAu wkqj .skakla we;sjq jydu fmr oekquz
oSfuz ix{d ksl=;a lrkq ,nhs' iajExls%j ixfjzos jk w.hg analogue detectors u.ska
output ix{djla ksl=;a lrkq ,nhs' tu ixfjzos w.h i;H analogue ix{djla fyda
digital ix{dlg iudk jsh yel' .skakla mj;sk wjiA:dfjzos fuu detectors ls%hd
lrkq ,nkaafka .skakl we;s smork, heat, flame, hk .=Kdx.hkag wkql+,jh' ta wkqj
.sks wkdjrl fldgia ;=klg fnosh yel' tkuz smoke detectors, heat detectors, flame
detectors jYfhks'

Smoke Detectors

4' .skak ksid we;sjk \qu b;du l=vd wxY=ka fjz' th 1nm isg10 micron ;ruz
l=vdfjz' .skaklos fuu l=vd wxY= we;sjsu mshjs weiska oelsh fkdyel' Smoke
Detectors m%Odk jYfhka jrA. lsysmhla we;' tkuz Ionization Chamber Smoke
Detector, Separated Ion Chamber Detector, Light Attenuation Smoke Detector, laser beam
smoke detector.

39 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

Ionization Chamber Smoke Detector

fuys we;s jsoaHq;a w.%j,ska Ok yd i!k whk Odrdjla msglrhs' fuys ;sfnk
Radioactive source (jslsrYs,s m%nj) u.ska we,amd lsrK js¥,s Odrdjla os.gu ksl=;a
jsula is¥fjs' kuq;a fuu mrsm:h ;=,g ¥ula we;=,a jqjfyd;a Ok yd i!k whk j,ska
we;slrk Odrdjg ndOdjla we;s fjs' tjsg m%Odk moaO;shg ix{dhla udra.fhka
js¥,sh wvqfjka ,efnk njg oekqus ¥ka jsp Alarm tlla ksl=;a fjs'

40 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

Flame Detectors

5' .skakla we;s jq wjia:djka ysos .sksoe,a, u.ska ksl=;a jk jslsrKh u.ska fuh
ls%hd;aul jkq ,nk w;r fujd moaO;sfha ijs lsrsu ;=,ska wxYl 70-120 olajd
fldaKhl m%foaYhla wdjrKh lrkq ,nhs' fuu wdjrAK m%foaYh rotating mirror
fhdod .ekSu ;=,ska wxYl 360 lau wdjrKh lr .; yel' flame detectors oe,a,la
we;s fkdjk .sks iygeneral purposeapplications.ioyd iqoqiq fkdfjz fuzjdo jrA.
lsysmhlska iukajs; fjz' infra-red flame detector,

Ultra - violet flame detectors,

fuh ls%hd;aul jkafka fus yryd osiakhla fyda .sks oe,a,la hdu ksidh
Detectors u.ska ,efnk osma;sh mrdjra:kh lr hejsfusos fuys we;s infrared filter u.ska
(wfOdarla; lsrk) electronic circuit tlg fhduq lrhs' tu ksid fuys js¥,shla ksmofjs'
mrsm:h iusmqrAK jsula is¥fjs fuys we;s amplifier tl yryd js¥,sh .uka lsrsfusos
jevs lr osula is¥lrhs' fujsg mrsm:h iusmqraK jsfuska alarm kdohla ksl=;a fjs'

Heat Detectors

6' .skakla we;sjq jsg msgjk ;dmh wkqj fuu heat detectors ls%hd;aul jkq ,nk
w;r r;ajq jd; wxY= b;d fjz.fhka by< k.sk nejska tajd laIKslj .%ykh lr.;
yels jk f,i fuu detector fk!ldfjz deck head tfla ijs lrkq ,nhs' fujd oe,a,la
fkue;s .sks iy t<suyka .sks wdjrKh lsrsug fhdod .ks' heat detectors jra.
follska we;' pneumatic type heat detector (jd; frdol) bi-metal coil type heat detector
(f,dy 2lska ieo%k o.r) jYfhks'
41 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

Bi-metal Strip Heat Detector

fuh ls%hd;aul jkafka .skakla we;s jsfusos tys we;s riakh u.sks' fuys
we;s l=vd f,day ;yvq r;a jsu ksid m%idrKh jsula is¥fjs' tjsg mrsm:h iusmqraK js
alarm kdohla ksl=;a fjs'

Suitable Detectors.

7' wju jYfhka fjvs fnfy;a .Nvd lr we;s ldur we;=Ω high risk spaces and
copartment Ventilation trunking to and from such compartments, and Electronic and
Operational spaces of high value, jeks by< .sks wjodkuz iys; ia:dkhka i|yd iq\qiq
.sks wkdjrl fhdod .; hq;=h' jsjsO jrA.fha .sks i|yd iq\qiq .sks wkdjrl my;
i|yka mrsos fjz'

i. A - CLASS - Smoke Detectors

ii. B - CLASS - Flame Detectors
iii. C - CLASS - Flame Detectors or Heat Detectors
iv. D - CLASS - Flame Detectors or Heat Detectors

Manual Call Point

8' msgjSfuz yd we;=,a jSfuz ia:dk j, fuzjd ijslr we;s w;r .skakla we;s jq
jydu wka whg oekquz oSfuz yelshdj we;' tys we;s >K jS\qrej ta wi,ska ijs lr we;s
usgsh u.ska nso tys we;s ousje, weoSu ;=,ska Fire alarm kdo jkq we;'

Figure 1

42 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

08 : mdvu

PERSONAL PROTECTION
yeoskajSu

1' .sks ksjkakka .skafkka we;sjk ;dmfhka yd oe,af,ka wdrCIdjSu i|yd iq\qiq
we\uz lgzg, Njs;d lrkq ,nhs' fufia Njs;d lrkq ,nk weoquz lgzg, m%Odk
jYfhka fldgia folls'

i. uq,sl wdrCIdldrs we\qu

ii. iusmqrAK wdrCIdldrs we\qu

uQ,sl wdrCIdldrS we\qu

2' fuh jsfYaIfhka kdjsl yuqodfjs .sks ksjkakka jsiska Ndjs;d lrkq ,nhs.
fuysos ;u ks< we\qfus kjd we;s w;a os. yer fnd;a;us oud.; hq;=h. fld,rh Wiaid
.;hq;= w;r ;u l,sifuz fofl<jr fusia j,g hg lr.; hq;=h. fy,augh iy w;a
fusia me<|sh hq;=h. fuu we\qu l=vd .skakla i|yd Ndjs;d lrkq ,nhs'

iuzmQrAK wdrCIdldrs we\qu

3' jsfYaIfhka m%Odk .sks ksjsfuzos tu .skafkka msg lrk ;dmh b;d wOsl nejska
.ssks ksjkakka tu ;dmfhka iuzmQrAK wdrCIdjla ,nd .eksu i|yd fuh fhdod .kS'
iusmqrAK wdrCIdldrS we\qu weoSfuka miq yqiau .ekSfuz wdOdrlo Ndjs;d lrhs' fufia
Ndjs;d lrk we\quz lgzg, jrA. ;=kla we;' tajd kuz

i. Aluminized Fire Proximity Suit.

ii. Fear naught Suit.
iii. Bristol suit

we,quskshus wdf,am lrk ,o .sks ksjSfus weoqus - Aluminized Fire Proximity Suit

4' fuu .sks ksjSfus we\qu jsYd, .skakla ksjSu i|yd .skak wi,g hdug Ndjs;d
lrhs. fuu.ska .sks ksjkakdf.a iusmqrAaK YrSrhu wdrCIdldrS fjs. fuu .sks weoqu
;;amr 135 la jeks flgs ld, iSudjla ;=, ;j mqoa.,hl=f.a iyh we;sj Brething
apperatus lgsg,h iu. b;d blauKska me,|sh hq;=h. fuu .sks we\qu ksmojd we;af;a
Layer 03 Wmfhda.S lr f.kh. msg;ska we;s wdf,amh osiakh f.k fok we,quskshus
j,skao iukajs; jk w;r tu wdf,amh wOsl ;dmh ^Reflect& wdmiq yrjd hjkq ,nhs.
tys mrdjrA;kh 90% ;ruz fjz' ueoska we;s f,ahrh fibre glass layer tllska iukajs;
jk w;r tu.ska .sks fkdwejsf,k iqΩq iy froafoa Yla;sh rod mejf;a. we;=,;ska
we;s ^woolen layer) lmq usY% froao l,q fyda ks,a meyefhka hqla; jk w;r ueo layer
tl ;=,ska TkEu ;dmhla Wrd.kakd w;r YrSrhg isis,a njla f.k fohs. fuu .sks
we\qu ridhksl \%jH ,sysis f;,a fmg%,a weisvs jeks o%jHhka f.ka wdrCId lr .;
hq;=h. fuu .sks we\qu me,| jsYd, .skaklg uSgr 0.6 l \qr m%udKhla ,Ûdjsh yels
jk w;r 1400 C0 l WIaK;ajhla we;s .skakla wi, ;;amr 45 l ld<iSudjla ?oS
isgsh yelsh. fuu .sks ksjsfuz we\qu my; i|yka oE j,ska iukajs; fjs.

43 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

i. Trouser - l,siu,
ii. Smock - msgska we;s woQu'
iii. Anti flash hood and gloves - ysia wdjrkh
iv. Outer gloves/gauntlets - w;a wjrK
v. Drill boots/non skit shoes - im;a;=

Fear naught suit.

5. fuu .sks ksjsfu weoqu ^Fear naught) Nh ke;s hk wra:h f.kfoa .skafka we;s
;dmh fukau jslsrKYS,s \%jh j,ska wdrCIdj ,nd .; yel. kuq;a fuh fire proof
tlla jsoshg ls%hd fkdlrhs' fuu we¥u fire repair party locker tfla ia:dk .; lr
we;' fuh b;d ieye,a,qfjka me,osh yel' .sks ksjsfuz weoqu Small, Medium, Large hk
m%udK ;=klska ksmojd we;. fuu we¥u fldgia 03lska iukajs; fjs'

I. Two piece / one piece suit (smock and trousers)

II. Gloues
III. Helmet

Occasions for washing fear nought suit

fuu we¥u iajia:dj wkqj Ndjs;hg fkd.e,fma kus fiaosug ,lal, hq;= w;r
udi 12 lg jvd jevs ld,hla .nvd lr ;snq wjia:djkaysoS fiaosug ,lal, hq;= fjs'
;jo fuu we¥u oil fyd grees jeks øjH l,jus jq wjia:d j,o fiaosug ,lal, hq;=
w;r ta ioyd 40 oC l WIaK;ajhla we;s P,h iu. fros fidaok l=vq usY% lr inka
fhdod fiaosu l, hq;=h' fidaod .eksfuka miq fuu we¥u ;dm jslsrKfhka wdrlaIdjsu
i|yd 38o C l WIaK;ajhla we;s 4.5 liter‟s l P, m%udkhlg borax wjqkai 12la yd
boric aicd wjqkai 06la fydoska usY% lr th ;=,g Fear naught suit tl ny,d jskdvs
lsysmhla ;nd msgg f.k ldur WIaK;ajfha fjs,sug ;ensh hq;= fjs' fjs,sfuka miq
kej; .nvd l, yel' wjqre¥ 02 lg jvd Ndjs;d lruska .nvd lr we;s we¥us
i|ydo jrAIdj fyda fjk;a wdldrhlska f;uqkq we¥us ioydo fuu l%shdj,sh kej;
fldg .nvd l, hq;= fjs'

rU f,dau flos .sks ksjk we\qu-Bristol suit

6' fuu .sks ksjk we\qu .skaklg Tfrd;a;= fok wdldrfhka lD;su fros
jsfYaIhlska ksmojd we;. fuys msg;ska Nomex delta T j,ska ksmojd we;. b;du iq,q
ld,iSudjloS fuu .sks we\qu b;d myiqfjka we|sh yel. riakhg Ufrd;a;=
m%;sfrdohla we;s ksid fuu we¥u me,| .uka lsrsu b;du myiq ldrAHhla fjs' fuh
UkEu fros fidaok hka;%hlska fidaod .; yel' 150 j;djlg jvd jevs j;djla
fia¥jo tys ;dmhg Ufrd;a;= oSfus .=kdx.hg ydkshla is¥ fkdfjs

44 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

Thermal Imaging camera (TIC)

fuu camera Ndjs;d lrkqfha >k lΩjr ¥fuka msreKq compartment yryd
.uka lsrsug yd compartment j,g we;=,a jsugh' fuh m,|skqfha .sKs ksjsfus
lKavdhfus tu wjia:dfjs lghq;= lrk kdhlhd jk w;r .skak ksjd oeusfuka miq
tys ;=, ;j¥rg;a .skak me;srjsh yels øjH we;aoehs mrslaId lsrsu .skak ksid
fjk;a compartment j, yd ;o lΩjr ia:dk j, wirKj msgjsug fkdyels
wdmodjg ,lajs we;s wh mrSlaId lr uqojd f.k Ujqka t,shg .eksug iyh jsugh'
fuh FRPP yd NBCD HQ tfla .Nvd lr ;nhs' fus i|yd Ni-cad rechargerble
batteries Ndjs;d lrhs' fuys Yla;sh jskdvs 45 l ld,hla mj;sk w;r Ndjs;fhaos
ijslr .kq ,nhs'

Technical data

(a) Operating range : Up to 50 mtrs. 100% obscuration.(.%ykh)

(b) Weight : Approx. 3.5 kgs.
(c) Body : Fire resist & light weight.
(d) Visor : Neoprene
(e) Detector : Pyro-electric Vidicon Battery:
(f) Voltage : 6 Volts
(g) Type : Sealed lead acid
(h) Charging voltage : 14.4 to 15 V (for two batteries in series).
(j) Charging time : 12 to 15 hrs.
(k) Operation time : 2 hrs (when batteries are charged fully).

Breathing Apparatus - Yajik WmlrAK

7. .sks ksjsug hdfuzos .sks ksjkakka .skak we;s ia:dkfha we;s jsI jdhqkaf.ka iy
\qfuka msreKq ia:dk j, wdrlaId iys;j yqiau .eksu i|yd iy uqyqKq wdjrKh lr
.ekSu i|yd fuu WmlrAK Ndjs;d lrKq ,nhs tfia Ndjs;d lrKq ,nk yqiau
.ekSfuz WmlrAK jrA. ;=kls'

i. Smoke Mask
ii. Breathing Apparatus Self Contained Compressed Air (BASCCA)
iii. Emergency Life Support Apparatus (ELSA

Smoke Mask

8' fuh idudkH Breathing Apparatus l%uhls' fuh \qfuka msreKq ldur j, yd
jd;h we;=,a fkdjk ld,hla mdjspzps fkdlrk ,o ldur j,g we;=,a jSu i|yd
fhdod .ks' idudkH m%udKfha .skakl wjidk wjia:dfjz fhdod .; yelsh' fuu
WmlrAKhg iuznkaO jsfYaI wdjrAKhla iys; fydaia tl u.ska jd;h ,nd fok
w;r fuys os. usgrA 12 yd 18 muK fjz' fu iuznkaO lrk fydaia tfla Wmrsu os.
jkafka usgrA 37 ls wjYH ;djh wkqj fuz i|yd Foot Pump udrA.fhkao jd;h ,ndosh
yel fuu fydaia tl fl<jfrA Filter tlla ijs lr we; fuu WmlrAKh me,o
isgshosix{d yqjudre lr .eksu ioyd guide line tlla m,os '

45 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

Breathing Apparatus Self Contained Compressed Air (BASCCA)

9. .sks ksjsfuzos m%Odk jYfhka yqiau .ekSu ioyd Ndjs;dlrK fuu WmlrAKh
.skak we;sjQ ia:dkhg myiqfjka ,.djS tu .skak ksjd oeuSug;a \qfuka msreKq
ldurhl .uka lsrsug;a tjeks ia:dk j,os cSjs; .,jd .ekSug;a yosis .skakla we;s
jQ jsgl tu ia:dkfhka bj;a jSug;a Ndjs;d lrhs. fuu WmlrAKfha my; ioyka
;dlaIKsl o;a;hka olakg we;'

i. msrjq miq iuzmQrAK nr - 14 .6 ls.%e ^32 rd;a;,a&

ii. ls%hdldrs mSvkh - 3000 psi (207 bar)
iii. \%j Odrs;dj - 07 ,SgrA
iv. idukH jdhq Odrs;dj - 1400 ,SgrA
v. jev l< yels ld, iSudj - 25 jskdvs
vi. iuzmqrAK fldgfia os. - 660 usus
vii. .uka lsrsug we;s ld, iSudj - 07 jskdvs ^ 43.6 bar)

ORINASAL VISOR
MASK SHUT OFF VALVE

REDUCER

HP AIR
CYLINDER

DEMAND VALVE

BACK PLATE

HARNESS

PRESSURE GAUGE

WARNING
WHISTLE

QUICK RELEASE
LP AIR HOSE HP AIR HOSE COUPLING

46 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

10' tfiau BASCCA tlla my; ioyka fldgia j,ska iukajs; fjs'
i. uqyqKq wdjrk lgsg,h
ii. iels,a,
iii. jdhq fnda;,h iy iq<x lmdg
iv. wOs mSvk wvq lsrSfus lmdg
v. oekqus oSfus ix{dj
vi. mSvk udkh

BA Controller

.Skakla ksjsug hdfusos wksjdrAfhkau BA Controller flfkl= m;a lr .ks. BA

Controller Breathing Apparatus ms<sn|j ukd oekqula yd .sks ksjkakjqkaf.a
wrlaIlNdjh ms<sn|j fyd| ie,eiaula ;snsh hq;=h' fudyq ,Û fydo Urf,daiqjla yd
fyd| mekai,la ;snsh hq;= w;r fudyq ieu jsgu ≥udrh msreKq isudjg msgska isgsh
hq;=h. tkus main group incharge wi, isgsh hq;=hs. fudyq fjk;a rdPldrSka i|yd
fhojsh fkdyel. 170 bar jXd jeXs Breathing Apparatus Ndjs;d lsrsug wjir oSfus
yelshdjla main group incharge yg we;'

Duties of BA Controller

a. BA Set me<|Sug iyh jk w;r face seal ys l%shdldrs;ajh ms,sn| fidhd ne,su
b. BA Control board tl i,l=kq lsrsu'
c. Psjs; .,jd .eksug yd mrslaId lsrus i|yd hk lKavdhus j, wdrlaIdj
iy;sl lsrsu i|yd guied line tl weo ia:dkh fmkakqus lsrsu'
d. BA Set Ndjs;d lrk mqoa.,hd kshus; ld,h wjika jsug m%:u msg;g .eksu'
e. Life line tl leader yg iusnkaO lrsu'
f. Support A ys ld,h ms,sn|j Ujqka oekqj;a ;rsu'
g. Life line tl me,osfusos Ujqkag mksjqX yqjudre lrk wdldrh ms,sn| oekqj;a
lsrsu yd Life line tl slack fkdlr ;nd .eksu'
h. fydo weyqus lkaosulska isgsh hq;= w;r wjodkus ix{d ms,snoj main group
incharge oekqj;a lrsu'

47 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

BA Control board

A B C D E F G

Set Operator's Task Cylinder Time to Time Time Time Time

No Name Pressure Whistle Started Relief Return Due
. (Min) to due in Commence Out
(bar) Breath (Min) s (Min.)
(Min) (Min)

12 D SINGH NO.1 200 25 1200 1218 1225 1232

09 R KUMAR NO.2 180 21 1200 1214 1221 1228

Entry Instruction

1. Before operator enters complete A, B, & D

2. Use endurance table to complete “C”
3. Add „C‟ to „D‟ to complete „F‟
4. Subtract 7 min to „F‟ to complete „E‟
5. Add 7 min to „F‟ to complete „G‟
6. Check that head harness is center at top back of head.
7. Carry out face seal check

Endurance Table
200 25

195 23

180 21

165 19

150 17

135 15

120 13
Note :- If cylinder pressure is less than 170 bars permission required from Oi/c F/F
team.

Guide line

fuh fk!ldfjs os. fuka 11/2 .=khla os.ska hqla;fjss. fuh ndjs;d lrkqfha
fk!ldfjs hus wk;=rla is≥ jq ia:dkhg hdug u. fmkajsu i|ydh. fuh m%;smd,l
ldrAhd,fha isg wk;=r jq ia:dkhg woskq ,nhs.

Life line

fuh usgrA 37 (120 feet) os.ska hqla; fjs. fuh o.rhla wdldrhg U;d >k fros
j,ska idok ,o l=Xd u,a,l oud breathing appertus harness waist belt tflys r|jkq
48 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

,nhs. fuys tl fldkla fuu u,a, ;=, ia:djrj .eghla fhdod wuqkd we;s w;r
wfkla fldfkys ieye,a,q eye tlla we;' hus ldrAhla lsrsug hdfusos tla fldkla
lKaXdhus kdhlhd i;= jk w;r wfkla fldk BA controller ,Û ;nd .ks' fuh
fkdue;sj hus ldrAHhla lsrsug hdu wk;=re odhl fjs. m%Odk jYfhka Psjs; .,jd
.eksus jeks rdPldrska i|yd iqodkus jsfusos life line l,ska imhkq ,nhs. hus mqoa.,hl=
tijsfusos we;s,a,sus jeks wjia:d u.yrjd .eksug fuh Wmldrs fjs.

Personal line

fuh 910mm (03 feet) muk os.ska hqla; fjs. fuys jsfYaIs; jq eye tlla wrist
belt tlg iusnkaO lsrsug ilid we;s w;r wfkla fldfkys yosis wjia;djlg
iusnkaO lsrsug snap hook tlla we;' fuusnap hook tlska Life line tl iusnkaO
lsrsug yels w;r ksr;=rej fuu.ska compartment j, .uka lsrsfus udrA.h fjkia
l, yel'

Emergency Life Supporting Apparatus (ELSA)

11. .skakla we;s jq ia:dkhl \Qu fukau fkdhl=;a jsI jdhqka ksl=;a jSu isoqfjz'
tjeks wjia:dlos tu ia:dkfhka msgjS hdu i|yd fuu WmlrKh Ndjs;d lrkq
,nhs' ;jo fuu WmlrAKh fhdod f.k lsisjsfgl;a .sks ksjsu i|yd fkdhd hq;=h'
fuu WmlrAKfha my; i|yka o;a;hka olakg we;'

i. msrjq miq iuzmQrAK nr - 3 Kg

ii. ls%hdldrs mSvkh - 200 bar (2900 psi)
iii. o%j Odrs;dj - 01 litre
iv. idukH jdhq Odrs;dj - 200 litres
v. .uka l< yels ld, iSudj - 08 minutes
vi. Reducer pressure - 5.5 Bar (80 psi)

8. 2 rEmh- ELSA

49 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

09 mdvu

FIRE FLGHTIHG ORGANIZATION

yeoskajsu

1' fk!ldjla uqyqfoaos fyda jrdhlos hqouh wjia:djl fyda iduldus wjia:djl
wdosjYfhka Tzkeu wjia:djl .skakla fyda fjkhuz wdmodjla is\qjsh yelsh' fufia
we;sjk .sks idrA:lj urAOk lsrsu i|yd fk!ldfjz .sks ksjsfuz ixjsOkh b;du
jeo.;a fjz' fuz i|yd wjia:dkql=,j ls%hdlsrsu i|yd fk!ldfjz .sks ksjsfuz ixjsOdk
;=kla ls%hd;aul lrKq ,nhs.

Fire Fighting Teams.

i. Fire and Emergency Party (FEP), for ship at harbour.

ii. Standing Sea Fire Party (SSFP), for ship at sea.
iii. Action Organisation, for emergency.

i. Fire and Emergency Party (FEP), for ship at harbour

fk!ldjla jrdhla ;=, cegshg hdnoj isgsk wjia:djl fyda kex.=rus,d we;s
jsg fuu .sks ksjsfuz ixjsOdkh ls%hdhd;aul lrhs' fuz i|yd wju msrsila odhl
lr.kakd w;r Tjqka .sks ksjsu iuznkaOfhka ukd oeKqulska fyns wh jsh hq;=h.
fuu msrsi ffoksl ksfhda. u.sska kuz lrk w;r fuu ixjsOdkfha ls%hdldrs;ajh
idrA:lj lr .eksu i|yd my; lreKq j,g wkqj lghq;= lrKq we;'

i. ffoksl ksfhda. u.ska fuz i|yd kdjslhska kuz lsrsu yd tla tla
mqoa.,hskag rdcldrs mejrSu'
ii. Wfoa 0730 mehg rdcldrs kshq;= mqoa.,hska fm< idod oeKqj;a lr
rdcldrs Ndr oSu iy kej; iji fm< idod wjYH Wmfoia ,nd oSu'
iii. fuu mqoa.,hska f.dvnsuz rdcldrska i|yd fhoSfuka je<ls isgsu.
iv. kuz lrk ,o mqoa.,hska y\qkd .eksu i|yd wf;a mgshla me<oSu'
v. tu mqoa.,hska ;u ;ukag wh;a wdrlaIl weoquz lgzg, iy WmlrAK fjk
fjku ;nd .eksu'
vi. fuz i|yd m%udKj;a ;ruz lksIaG kdjslhska fhojsug fkdyels kuz ta
fjkqjg fcAIaHG kdjslhka fhojsh hq;=h.
vii. fjkhuz jevl fhfok jsg fyda jsfjzl .kakd jsg ix{d wefik iSudjl
isgsh
hq;=h'
viii. Attack party i|yd kuz lrk ,o wh wjYH kuz Support „B‟ lKavdhug
wkqhqla; l, yel.

50 iSudkajs;hs
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Composition of Fire Fighting Organisation at Harbour.

DLC / OOD

Control Party
(1 junior sailor, Incident plotter,
Communication .)

Main Group Containment Group Specialist Group

I/c Duty Tech. Officer Incharge Sr. Sailor (LOODpartof group
or Duty CPO/PO (6 Junior sailors) in aircraft carrier)

Attack Attack BA Support A Support B BA Party

Party Party Party party

ERA POMESWA EAP POELP Quarter Side Boy RPO RO G/ Tas

Master Yeoman.

3. First aid fire fighters

m<uqfjkau .skak olskakd fudyqfjz .skak \qgq jydu Fire Fire y~ k.d wfkla
wh oekqj;a l< hq;=h' miqj ,Ûu we;s iq\qiqu .sks ksjdrKhla f.k .skak ksjsug
lghq;= l< hq;=h' .skak ksjsug fkdyels jqjfyd;a .skafka iajNdjh, .skafka uq,, .sks
jrA.h wdosh ms<sn| Attack party oekqj;a l< hq;=h'

51 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

4. Function of Main Group

fuu lKavdhfuz m%Odk rdcldrsh jkqfha ls%hdYs,s f,i .skak wjidkh olajd
ksjsug lghq;= lsrsuhs. .skak ksjsu i|yd m%:ufhka yels;dla m%d:usl .sks ksjsfuz
WmlrAK j,ska W;aiy l< hq;=h' fuu lKavdhfuz m%Odkshd ks;ru NBCD HQ tl
iu. iuznkaO;djh ;nd .; hq;= w;r .skak ksjsfuz ls%hdj,sh ms<sno NBCD HQ j,
isgsk m%Odkshd oeKqj;a l< hq;=h.

i. Attack party

fuu lKavdhu i|yd lksIaG kdjslhska fofokl= kuz lrk w;r fudjqka
fofokd uq,sl .sks kssjsfuz we\qfuka ieris isgsh hq;=h. y\qkd .eksfuz myiqj i|yd fuz
fofokd r;= mgshla wf;a me<osh hq;=h' fire alarm kdojq jsg fyda first aid fire fighter f.a
oeKqj;a lsrsu;a iu. AFFF .sks ksjdrK folla iy Co2 .sks ksjdrK folla iu.
.skak we;s iaa:dkhg ,.d jsh hq;=h. .skafka uQ,h fidhd .ekSug wmyiq jqjfyd;a ta
i|yd TIC tlla Njs;d l< hq;=h' ;jo fuz fofokd .skak ksjk w;r;=r Duty PO
jsiska Tjqka yg wu;r .sks ksjsfuz WmlrAK iemhsh hq;=h.

ii. Attack BA party

Fire alarm kdojq jydu fudjqka BA set me<| .skak we;s ia:dkhg .uka l<
hq;=h' fuu lKavdhu kdjslhska ;sfokl=f.ka iuka js; jk w;r fuys ;=kafjkshd
jsiska BA controller jYfhka lghq;= l<hq;= w;r Tyqo .skak wi,g f.dia .skak
ksjdoeusug Wojz l< hq;=h.

iii. Support party

Fire alarm kdojq jydu fudjqka BA controller o iu. fire and repair post tfla
fm< ieosh hq;=h' fudjqkaf.a m%Odk ldrAh jkqfha .skak wjidkh olajd ksjsuh' ta
i|yd my; lKavdhuz fho jsh hq;=h'

a. Support Alpha

Fire alarm kdojq jydu fudjqka iuzmqrAK .sks ksjsfuz weoquz me<| BA set iu.'
.skak we;s iaa:dkhg ,Ûd jsh hq;=h' fuS iu. BA Controller o isgsh hq;=h. fudjqka
jsiska .skak wjidkh olajd ksjsug lghq;= l< hq;=h. ta i|yd my; wdldrhg fuu
lKavdhu ls%hd lrKq ,nhs'

No.1 - Water wall operator jet/spray nozzle.

No.2 - Fire Fighter spray/jet nozzle or FB 5(X) in case of oil fire
No.3 - Leader with TIC (Thermal Imaging Camera)
No.4 - Hose Tender

b. Support bravo

fuu kKavdfuzo .skak we;s ia:djhg hdhq;= w;r .skak ksjsu i|yd wjYH
WmlrAK tkuz hoses, nozzles, in-line eductors, AFFF extinguishers and FB 5(X) etc.
/f.k hd hq;=h' fuu lKavdu Support Alpha lKavdhfuz wdfoaYl lKavdu jk
w;r fuu lKavdu jsiskao .skak wjidkh olajd ksjsug lghq;= l< hq;=h'

52 iSudkajs;hs
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iv. Breathing Apparatus Party.

fuu kKavdfuz isgsk m%Odkshd breathing apperates iuznkaOfhka mqyqKqj ,o

mqoa.,hl= jsh hq;= w;r fuys isgsk wfkl=;a idudcslhskago ta ms<sno m,mqreoaola
;snsh hq;=h' mdjspzps lrk,o is,skavrA kej; msrjsu msrjq is,skavrA .sks ksjk ia:dj
fj; ,ndoSu fuu lKavdhu jsiska isoql< hq;=h'

Function of Containment Group.

5' fuu lKavdhfuz m%Odk rdcldrsh jkqfha .skak wfkl=;a ia:dkfj; me;srsu
je<lajsu jk w;r tu lKavdhu jsiska my; i|yka ldrAhhka bgq l<hq;=h'

i. .skak we;s ia:dkhg hdno we;s ish,qu compartments, lockers and storages
hk wdosh laIKslj mrslaIdl< hq;=h'
ii. .skak we;s ia:dkhg wdikakfha we;s ishΩu .sks .kakd iq,q \%jH bj;a
l< hq;=h'
iii. \qu me;srsu md,kh lsrsu iy \qu tl;=jSu iSud lsrsu \qu bj;a ksrsug
lghq;= lsrsu'
iv. Rigging of boundary cooling arrangement iy bulk head j, WIaK;ajh
mrslaId lsrsu wjYH mrsos kshus; msrsia l<uKdlrKh lsrsu'
v. js\q,s WmlrAK j,ska mqoa.,hska yg we;sjsh yels wk;=re wju lsrsug
lghq;= lsrsu, boundary cooling iy .sks ksjsu i|yd fhdod .;a c,h
u.ska js\q,s iy jsoaHq;a WmlrAK j,g isoqjsh yels ydksh wju lsrsug
kghq;= lsrsu'
vi. .sks ksjsu i|yd fhdod .;a c,h bj;a lsrsug lghq;= lsrsu'

Function of specialist Group.

6. Fire alarm kdojq jydu fuu lKavdhug wh;a msrsia control and specialist party
jYfhka fldgia follg lghq;= lrk w;r Gangway iy NBCD HQ, fujqka fm<
ieosh hq;=h' fudjqka jsiska my; i|yka ldrAh bgq l< hq;=h'

i. .sks .kakd iqΩ \%jH yd mqmqrK \%jH j,ska isoqjsh ywls wk;=re ms<sn|
fidhd ne,su'
ii. fk!ldfjz we;s WmlrAK ms<sn| fidhd ne,su power supplies, fire and
salvage pumps.
iii. kejzuq,qfjz wdrlaIdj ms,sn| fidhd ne,su iy fk!ldjg msg;ska
meusfKk mqoa.,hska ms,sn|j fidhd ne,su'
iv. wu;r msrsia md,kh yd l<ukdlrKh lsrsu'
v. fk!ldfjs iunr;djh ms,sno ie,ls,su;a jsu'
vi. wfkl=;a wdh;k iy fk!ld j,ska Wojq ,nd .ekSug lghq;= lsrsu'
vii. f.dvnsuz wOsldrska fj; ix{d lsrsu'

53 iSudkajs;hs
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Composition of Fire Fighting Organisation at Sea.

EXO / NBCDO
Control Group

Main Group Containment Group Specialist Personnel

EO/SEO/DCEO LOGO LO/ DLO

Attack Attack BA Support A Support B BA Party

Party Party Party Party

ERA POME SWA EAP POELP EAR SPO RO G/

TasYeoman

Action Organisation

Fire Alam kdojq jydu fk!ldfjs NBCDO jydu NBCD HQ tlg f.dia th
Man l,hq;=h' tu wjia:dfjs DC HQ tl DCEO jsiska fufyh jsh hq;=h' Action
Organisation tlg wjYH mqoa.,hska tkus off watch engine room, electrical, logistics,
ship wright, Regulating, communication, medical wxY j,ska kus lrkq ,nhs' uqr
ixpdrhka DC party tl u.ska l, hq;= fjs' NBC lkavdhus yosis wjia:dj ksu
jk;=re tu ia:dk ;=, rEos isgsh hq;=hs'

54 iSudkajs;hs
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Identification of personnel

FEP iy SSFP ys mqoa.,hska y¥kd .eksu i|yd my; jrAKhka f.ka hq;a mgs
;u wf;ys m,oskq ,nhs'

a) Red and White stripes - Senior rating when in charge main group
(b) Red - Main group with exception of BA controller
(c) Yellow - Breathing apparatus party and BA controllers
(d) Green - Containment group

55 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

10 : mdvu

METHODS AND TACTICS OF FIRE FIGHTING

yeoskajSu

1' .sks ksjsfuzos uqq,sl wruqKq lsysmhla fmroerS lrf.k .sks ksjsu is\q lrKq
,nhs' ta w;r cSjs; .,jd .ekSu .skakg ksrdjrKh jk m%foaYh wdrlaId lr
.eksu iy .skakg Ndckh jq wfkl=;a WmlraK wdrlaId lr .ekSu hk lreKq
ksfjS' .skak iSud lsrsu .skak ksjd oeusu yd .sks ksjsu i|yd fhdod .;a c,h bj;a
lsrsu .sks ksjsfuz os wkq.ukh l< hq;= uq,sl l%ufjzohka fjz'

uq,sl Wmdh udrA. - Basic Tactics

2. .sks ksjsfuzos jeo.;a jkqfha .skak we;sjq iekska .skak y\qkd f.k iq\qiq .sks
ksjdrK ta i|yd Ndjs;d lsrsuhs' tfia we;sjk .sks l,a ;shd y\qkd .ekSu i|yd iy
.skak ksjsu i|yd fkfhl=;a l%u Wmdhka my; mrsos wkq.ukh lrKq ,nhs'

i. .skak l,ska fidhd .eksu i|yd ;dlaIKsl l%u fjzohka wkq .ukh l<
hq;= w;r iEu ldurhla mdidu .sks ksjsfuz lKavdhuz hjd mrSlaId lr
.skak we;sjq ia:dkh ms<sn|j meyeos,s wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSu'
ii. .skak wfkl=;a mqoa.,hska yg oekqus osu i|yd ix{djka ksl=;a l< hq;=h'
iii. .skak ms<sn|j ish,qu mqoa.,hska oekqj;a l< hq;=h'
iv. .skak fjz.fhka me;srshdu je<lajSu i|yd iy md,kh lsrsu i|yd
fk!ldfjz .sks ksjsfuz ixjsOdkhla ksis f,i ;snsh hq;= w;r .sks ksjsu
i|yd ksis WmlrAK Ndjs;hg .;hq;h='
v. .sks jrA.h iy .skak me;srs hk fjz.h oek .;hq;=h'
vi. .skak we;s ia:dkh wjg isis,a lsrsu yd wjYH wfkl=;a fmduzm fydaia jeks
\%jH iqodkuz lr ;ensh hq;=h'

Remedies – m%lsldr

3' .sks wkdjrl iy uqr ixpdr iEu ldurhlu ksr;=reju is\q lsrsu ;=,ska
.skakla l,ska y\qkd .;yelsh' ;dlaIKssl fodaI we;ssjk wjia:d j,os sound training
iy ldrAhlaIu .sks ksjdrK ;=,ska u. yrjd .; yel' Explosion tlla u.ska we;s
jk .sks ;=,ska wjg m%foaYj, l=vd l=vd m%udKfha .sks we;s fjz' tjeks ia:dkj, .sks
we;s jk wjia:djlos .sks ksjsfuz ixjsOdkh b;d ldrhlaIu Wmdh udrA.sl l%u
u.ska iy wjYH m%udKhg .sks ksjkakka fhdojd .skak uev mej;ajsh hq;=h'

First Report And Action

4. .skakla we;sjq ia:dkh fidhd .ekSu uqrfha rdcldrs kshq;= kdjslhka yd

fk!ldfjz .sks ksjsfuz lKavdhu muKlau isoql< hqq;= rdcldrshla fkdfjz' fk!ldfjz
ldrAhuKav,h fudkhuz fyda wjia:djl .skakla we;sjsu m<uqfjkau olsk mqoa.,hd
first aid fire fighter jk w;r Tyq jsiska b;du blauKaska fire fier hkqfjka wjg isgsk
mqoa.,hska oekqj;a lsrsu isoq l< hq;=fjz' tu .sks .kakd ia:dkh wjg isgsk ffoksl
rdcldrs kshq;= kdjslhskaf.a j.lSu jkqfha we;sjs ;sfnk ;;ajh ms<sn| wjOkh
fhduq lsrsuh. tfia lE.eiSu;a iu. iq\qiq m%d:usl .sks ksjdrKhla /f.k .skak
ksjd oeusug lghq;= l< hq;=h' ta iu.u NBCD HQ j,g fuu we;sjs ;sfnk ;;ajh
yels blauKska oekajsh hq;=h' tysos ia:dkh .skafka uq, .sks jrA.h hk lreKq
we;=,;aj okquz osh hq;=h'

56 iSudkajs;hs
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Search and Rescue - fnsrd .eksus

5. .skakla we;sjq wjia:djka j,os \qfuka msreKq ldurj, isysiqkajs isgsk

mqoa.,hska fijsu i|yd Search and Rescue fufyhquz isoq l< hq;=h' fuz i|yd
mqoa.,hska fofokd ne.ska kuz l<hq;= w;r Tjqka yg ksis Wmfoia ,nd osh hq;=h'
tfukau Tjqka yg Sarch lsrsu i|yd fk!ldfjz tla tla l,dm fnod fjka lr osh
hq;= w;r Tjqkayg wjYH BA Set Gide line ,nd osh hq;=h' kejz ;gzgqj u;, fuzi fvia
mqgq nxl= we|ka hg ,evrA mduq, wk;=rg m;ajq mqoa.,hka isgsoehs jsfYaIfhka fidhd
ne,sh hq;=h'

Access to Fire - .skakla ioyd m%fjsYh

6. oe,a, \qu ;dmh w\qre nj iels,af<a is\qjs we;s ydks jeks lreKq ksid .sks
ksjkakg .skak fidhd .ekSu b;d wmyiq ldrAhls' yqiau .ekSfuz wdOdrl yd fyd|
mqyqKq .sks Nghska .uka lsrsfuzos \qu ndOdjla fkdfjz' ;dmh iyd oe,a< Water wall
tl u.ska wdjrKh lr .; yelsh' ydksjq iels,a, .skafka uq,g ,Ûd jSug ndOdjla
jqj;a Couting WmlrAK fhdod f.k th u. yrjd .; yelsh' kuq;a ta i|yd ksis
wjirhla ,nd.; hq;=h' by; lreKq u.ska .skak we;s ia:dkh fidhd .eksu i|yd
my; l%ufjzo bjy,a fjz'

Access by cutting fldgila lmd we;=,a jsu

Access by lowering man over the side mqoa.,hl= we;=,g neiaisu
Washing the fire out uqyqoq c,h josk f,i kej yerjSu

7. Guidelines to be followed, before Opening a Door/ Hatch to any Compartment

containing Fire.

i. .skak we;s l=gsrh ;=,g .skak uev mej;ajSug hk .sks ksjkakka jsiska ;ks
;ks hydrant Ndjs;d l< hq;= w;r ta ioyd Y pies lsis jsfgl;a Ndjs;d
fkdl< hq;=h
ii. Fire fighter iy water Wall yg ;ks ;ks fire hydrant ,nd osh hq;=h'
iii. Fire hoses iu. Jet/spray iy Spray/jet nozzles Ndjs;h water wall operator iy
fire fighter f.a j.lSu fjS'
iv. f;,a .sks ksjsu i|yd FB 5X tlla fire fighter jsiska /f.khd hq;=h'
v. .skak ksjsu i|yd fmk Njs;d lrkafka kuz jsisrs hk wdldrhg fmk
Ndjs;d l< hq;=h'
vi. BA Set iu. .sks ksjsfuz lKavdhu my; ioyka mrsos fjz
No. 1 Water wall operator with jet/spray nozzle
No. 2 Fire fighter with spray/jet nozzle or FB5(X)
No. 3 Leader with Thermal imaging camera
No. 4 Hose tender and hydrant operator.

Control Of Fire Fighting Operations

8' ksYaps;ju .skak y\qkd.;a iekska b;d ldrAlaIuj tu .skak uevmej;ajSu

i|yd lghq;= l< hq;=fjz' b;du oreKq .kfha .skakla uevmej;ajSu wmyiq ldrAhla
jk kuq;a ta i|yd l%udkq;+,j msjr .ekSfuka .skak uevmej;ajSug;a .skakg ,.d
jSug;a yel' tfukau fire operations tl wjika jk f;lau .sks ksjkakka iu. ukd
iuznkaO;djhla mj;ajd .; hq;=h' tu wjia:dfjz isgsk fcaHIaG;u ks<Odrshd .sks
57 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

ksjsfuz fufyhqu fufyh jsh hq;= w;r wjia:dkql+,j jsjsO .sks jrA. i|yd ia:dkhg
iq\qiq mrsos ;SrK .ekSu Tyq i;= j.lSuz fjz' .skak uq,ska olsk mqoa.,hd tu
wjia:dfjz .skak uevmej;ajSu i|yd huz ls%hdudrA.hla .; yelskuq;a tu .kakd
ls%hdudrA.h ;=,ska .skak ksjs fkdhkafka kuz iy tu .skak fjz.fhka jrAOkh
fkdjkafkakuz fcAHIaG ks<Odrshf.a wjirhlska f;drj ta i|yd .sks ksjkka fhojsh
fkdyel' fuu wjiA:dfjz wu;r kdjslhska emrgancy station tfla fm< iEosh hq;=h'
tfukau .skak we;sjq ia:dkhg wdrlaIl Nghl= wkqhqla; l< hq;=h

Control Of Ventilation

9' .skakla we;s ldur ;=,g jd;dY%h ,enSu je<lajsu yd \qu jsHdma; jSu wju
lsrsu i|yd b;du flgs ld,iSudjla ;=, my; i|yka ls%hd udrA. wkq.ukh
l<hq;=h'

i. Fire alarm kdojq iekska ventileion fan ventilation boatd tflka off l< hq;=h'
ii. NBCD HQ tfla wkque;sh wkqj ventilation i|ydjq power maine swich board
tflka ON l< hq;=h fuhska wfmalaId lrkqfha
 w;HjYH moaO;s ioyd vrntilation ,nd oSu'
 .skak n, fkdmk m%foaY i|yd ventilation ,nd oSu'
 \qu n,fkdmdk m%foaY ioyd ventilation ,nd osu'
 .skakg hdno lur j, \qu bj;a lsrsu'
 .skak ksjdoeuq miq b;ssrs js we;s \qu bj;a lsrsu'

fuh woshr y;rlska ls%hd;aul lrKq ,nhs

i. Stage 1 - Crash - stopping Ventilation.

ii. Stage 2 - Restart Selected Ventilation Systems.
iii. Stage 3 - Prepare to Shut Down Machinery Space.
iv. Stage 4 - Restore Essential Ventilation.

BoundaryMonitoring and Cooling.

10. .skakla yg .ekSu ;=,ska msgjk ;dmh fya;=fjka wjg we;s m%foaY tkuz deck,
bulkhead r;ajSug Ndckh fjz' tu ksid .skak wdikakfha we;s ldur j,o .sks we;s
jSfuz wjodku mj;sk nejska tu m%foaY isis,a lsrsug wjYH fjz. tysos fhdod .kq ,nk
c,h jsisrsfuka js\q,s WmlrAK j,g ydks meusKsh yels nejskq;a tu c,h fk!ldfjz
iunr;djhg n,mdk nejskq;a fuu ls%hdoduh b;d iqmrslaIdldrsj is\ql< hq;=h'
.skak yg.;a m%foaYh wjg WIaK;aj igyka lsrsu ;=,ska Boundary Cooling i|yd
wkqhqla; lr we;s mqoa.,hskag tu m%foaYh ms<sn| wjfndaOhla l,a ;shd oek
.;yelsh'

11. Compartment Classification

i. High Fire Risk.

ii. Explosive Risk
iii. Electronic and Operational Spaces of High Value
iv. Dangerous Areas.
v. Accommodation Spaces

58 iSudkajs;hs
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Fire Fighting / Flood Control Check Off Card (KILL CARD)

12. Kill Card tl;=,ska fkdldfjz ksrAudKh lr we;s compartment ys ia:dk .;

lrwe;s WmlrAK ms<sno huz wjfndaOhla ,nd .; yel' (High fire risk, explosive risk,
and high value compartments) wfkl=;a compartment ioyd jsOdhl ks<Orsf.a wkque;sh
mrsos Kill Card ksl=;a lrKq ,efnz' Kill Card tflys my; i|yka lreKq we;=,;a fjz '

i. Compartment layout (Major Equipment/ fittings) with escape route.

ii. Location of adjacent compartments.
iii. Equipments, stores, services etc.
iv. Effect of ship‟s stability due to flooding of compartment in terms of list, trim,
loss of reservee buoyancy, change in metacentric height etc.
v. Flood volume of the compartment.
vi. Pumping out/ dewatering capacity installed in the compartment (tons/hr),
vii. Actions for counter-flooding/ Major fire (in emergency).
viii. Firemain layout, hydrants and details of portable extinguishers available within
and adjacent to the compartment.
ix. Any other relevant information.
13' fk!ldjl ldurhla ;=, .skakla we;sjs we;s wjia:djl tu ldurh ;=,g .sks
ksjkakka we;=,q jsfuzos m%:ufhka Tjqkaf.a wdrlaIdj ;yjqre jk mrsos tu ldurh
;=,g we;=,a jsh hq;= w;r .sks ksjsfuz ldKavdhu jsiska idrA:l f,i .skak ksjd
oeusu i|yd ksis l%u fjzohlg wkqj tu ldurfha jid we;s fodrlska fyda yepz
ljrhlska we;=,a jsh hq;=h'

Entry through Door

fk!ldjl jid we;s fodrlska we;=,a jSu i|yd my; l%u fjzoh wkq.uk l<
hq;=h'

i. No I iy NO ii hk fofokdf.a Nozzle Water Wall l%uhg ilid .; hq;=h'

ii. No i fodr wefrk me;af;a ha:dk .; jsh hq;=h'
iii. NO ii f.a No i wdrlaIdj iys;j fodr wersug iqodkuz jsh hq;=h'
iv. NO ii jsiska No iii fj; c,h ,nd fok f,i oekajsh hq;=h'
v. No iii jsiska No iv fj; fydaia fj; c,h ,nd fok f,i oekajsh hq;=h'
^wjYH jqjfyd; No iv jsiska AFFF yd Inline Inductor tlla iu. FB 5X
tlla ,nd osh hq;=h&
vi. No iii f.a wKmrsos NO ii jsiska fodfrA Clips jsjD; l< hq;= w;r fodr
wxYl 45 lg jsjD; l< hq;=h'
vii. No ii jsiska fodr wrsk wjia:dfjs yosis wjia:djla jqjfyd;a laIKslj fodr
jeisug iqodkuska fodr wersh hq;=h'
viii. No I jsiska jsjD; jk fodr Water Wall tflka Seal l<hq;=h. \Qu ;dmh iy
.sks oe,a, t<shg fkdtk mrsos;a Tlaiscka jdhqj we;=,g fkdhk f,i;a
Seal l<hq;=h'
ix. No ii jsiska fodr wi, Bulk head tl isis,a l< hq;=h'
x. No i m<uqj fodfrka we;=,a jsh hq;= w;r Tyqf.a Water Wall tlg uqjd js
No ii we;=,a jsh hq;=h'
xi. No iii jsiska No ii wkq.ukh lruska we;=,ajsh hq;=h'
xii. No iii f.a Wmfoia u; (TIC tlla Ndjs;d lr m%foaYh ksrslaIKh fldg
.skafka uQ,h fidhd) No ii Tyqf.a Nozzle tl .skakg iqodkuz l< hq;=h'

59 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

xiii. bka wk;=rej o%j .skakla we;s js we;akuz FB 5X tlla u.ska AFFF Njs;d
lr .skak ksjsh hq;=h'
xiv. .skak ksjq miq ,nd.;a WmlrAK bj;a lrNo iii jsiska tu m%foaYh mrSlaId
l< hq;=h'

Initial Position of Waterwall Operator Initial Positions

Opening the Last Clip Opening Door with Boot

Waterwall Nozzle Inside Door Frame Fighting the fire

60 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

Opening the Last Clip Fighting the fire

Entry through hatch

jid we;s yepz ljrhlska .skakla ksjsug we;=,ajSu i|yd my; l%u fjzoh
wkq.uk l< hq;=h'

i) No I iy No II Uyqf.a Nozzle water wall l%uhg ilid .kak'

ii) No I iy No II Hatch tl jsjD; jk me;af;a ia:dk .; jkak
iii) No II No IV yg P,h ,nd fok f,i Wmfoia oSu'
iv) Water wall yd fire fighter wjg m%foaYh isis,a lsrSu'
v) No I iy No II f.a wdrlaIdj hgf;a No III jsiska Hatch tl jsjD; jk
me;a;g jsreoaO me;af;a isg Hatch cover tl fiuska jsjD; l, hq;= w;r
yosis wjia:djla jqjfyd;a kej; jeisug iqodkuska isgsh hq;=hs'
vi) jsjD; jk Hatch cover tl No I iy No II jsiska iS,a l, hq;=hs'
vii) jsjD; jk Hatch cover tl ksis f,i f,dla lr we;s njg team leader
jsiska iel yer oek.; hq;=hs
viii) No III f.a Wmfoia msg fire fighter Uyqf.a nozzle tl Hatch cover ;=,ska
usgra 02la muK my,g oud jfgsg meoaosu l,hq;=hs'
ix) No I jsiska Hatch cover jfgsg isis,a lrsu'
x) NoII jsiska No I f.a wdrlaIdj iys;j Compartment tlg neisu' bka miq
Uyqf.a water wall tl u.ska ,evrh yd .skak w;r ;djld,sl
wdrlaIdjla ,nd .eksu'
xi) No I Uyqf.a nozzle tl ;udf.a we.g yd w;g ;olr Compartment tlg
neisu'
xii) No I No II bosrshg f.dia kej; Uyqf.a water wall ;==,ska fofokdf.a
wdrlaIdj ilid .eksu'
xiii) No III Compartment tlg neisu'
xiv) No III jsiska TIC Ndjs;d fldg Compartment tl fidaosis lsrsu'
xv) No II Uyqf.a nozzle tl Jet wdldrhg ilid .eksu'
xvi) No III f.a Wmfoia u; .skak ksjd oeusu (f;,a .skakla kus No III jsiska
NoII fj; FB 5X tlla ,nd osh hq;=h)

61 iSudkajs;hs
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11 : mdvu

FIRE HAZARDS AND CONTROL

Behaviour of Aluminium in Fire we,quskshuz yeisrsu

1' idudkHfhka fk!ld iy hd;%d ksIamdokh lrKqfha we,quskshuz fyda hlv

j,sk's ;jo wm mrsyrKh lrKq ,nk we;uz WmlrAK we,quskshuz j,ska ksIamdok
lr we;' jsfYaIfhka fujeks we,quskhuz u;=msgla iys; m%foaYhla wdrlaId lr .ekSu
i|yd ,e.skaia jeks wdrlaIl \%jH Ndjs;d lrhs' we,quskshuz .sks .kakd iq,q \%jHla
fkdjqk;a jSYd, .skskla we;s jq wjia:djl os fujeks u;=msgla iys; m%foaYhla
fi,aishia wxYl 250-650 jeks WIaK;ajlg r;a jqjfyd;a we,quskshuz WKq jsu isoq
fjz' tu wjia:dfjzos we,quskshuz .sks .eksu is\qfjz' fujeks .skakla ksjsu b;du;a
wmyiq fjz'

2. Behaviour of Plastics in Fire.

i. Teflon - 260 deg C decomposition

ii. Nylon - 220 deg C melts (burns without smoke)
iii. Polypropylene - 570 deg C ignites (CO is evolved)
iv. PVC - 140 deg C melts {ignites with difficulty, burns
slowly and produces white smoke (toxic)}
v. Neoprene (rubber) - difficult to ignite

m%Odk hka;% ldur-machinery room

3' fuu ia:dk j, .sks wjodku b;d wOslh' fuhg iuznkaO ia:dk kuz Auxalary
room, boiler room, generator room, main engine room, hkdoS ia:dk fjz' fuu ia:dk j,
Nhdkllu jkqfha hka;%iq;% ksid tys WIaK;ajh .sks .eksug Wps; f,i mej;suhs'
;jo hka;%iq;% j, exhaust trank j, we;s legings wOsl f,i r;ajsu ksid fuu
ia:dkj, .sks we;s jsfuz wjodku jevsh" fuu ia:dk j, f;,a k< udrA. fydo
;;ajfha ;snsh hq;=h' fuu k< udra. j, ldxoQ jsuz ;snqk fyd;a .sks .ekSuz we;s jsh
yelsh' wOsmSvk k< j,skao ldxoQ fkdjsh hq;=h' ks;ru ls%hdldrs ;;ajfha mj;sk
motor wdjrAKh lr ;snsh hq;=h" hka;% ldur ;=, .skakla we;sjQ jsg tu ia:dkfha
\qu md,kh lsrsu i|yd Emargancy blower ;snsh hq;=h' ta w;r hka;% ldur j,ska
bj;a lrk \%jH l%udkql+,j bj;a l< hq;=h" fuu ia:dkj, .skakla we;s jqjfyd;a ta
i|yd laIkslj .; yels mrsos m%d:usl .sks ksjsfuz WmlraK ksis f,i ia:dk .;lr
;snsh hq;=h' m%Odk .sks ksjsu ioyd FB 5(X) branch pipe tlla ;snsh hq;=h' Bg
wu;rj ldnkavfhdlaihsvz smothering system tlla ;snsh hq;=h' ;jo fuu ia:dkj,
.sks ksjsu i|yd jvd;a Wps; jkqfha foam inlet tube sestem tlla fjz"

uq,q;eka f.hs we;s jsh yels .sks - gally area fiire

4' uq,q;ekaf.hs .sks we;s jsfuz wjodku jevsh' Bg fya;=j fuys .sks .eksug we;s
\%jH nyq, ksidh' ;jo fuys hot plate, gas line, burner, wdosho js\q,s WmlrAK jeks jevs
WIaK;ajhla we;s WmlrAKo we;' fuu WmlrAK Ndjs;d lr wm wdydr msisfuos
f;,a jeks \%jH wOsl f,i r;alsrsu ksido tu r;ajq WmlraK .sks .kaakd \%jH iu.
.egsfukao uq,q;eka f.hs .sks .eksfuz wjodku jevsh" fuz fya;= ksid tu ia:dk j,
ksis jd;di%hla ,efnk mrsos ventilate lsrsuo m%d:usl .sks ksjsfuz WmlrAK ksis
ia:dkj, ia:dk.; lsrsuo fire hygdrant tlla ta wdikaku iaa:dkhl ;snsuo yosis

62 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

wjia:djlos js\Q,sh jsikaOs lr .eksu i|yd msg;ska brackar tlla ;snsuo b;d jeo.;a
fjz'

Precaution with Gas Cylinders

5' fk!ldj, iuzmSvkh lrk ,o .Eia is,skavrA fyda liquid gases mqrjk ,o
is,skavrA olakg ,efnz' fujeks .Eia is,skavrA .Nvd lr we;s ia:dkj, .skakla we;s
jqj fyd;a tu .Eia is,skavrA r;ajSug Ndckh jkq we;' ta wjia:d fjz we;=,; mSvkh
jevsjk w;r is,skavrh mqmqrd hdugo mq,qjk tu ksid .skakla we;s ia:dkhlska yels
blauKska tjeks isskavrA bj;a l< hq;=h' ;jo .Eia .Nvd lsrsfuzos my; l%ufjzoh
wkq.ukh l< hq;=h'

i. isis,a ia:dk j, .Nvd l< hq;+h'

ii. fyd|ska jd;di%h ,efnk ia:dkj, ia:dk .; l< hq;=h'
iii. ckdlSrAK ia:dkj,ska msg; .Eia .Nvd l< hq;=h'
iv. jsI iys; .Eia iy wfkla .Eia jrA. fjk fjku .Nvd l< hq;=h'
v. .Eia .Nvd fjk fjku ;snsh hq;=h'
vi. wvq nrska hq;= jsI iys; .Eia jrA. by< ;gsgq j, .Nvd l< hq;=h'
vii. .Eia jrA. y\qkd .eksu ioyd mqoa.,hka oekQj;a l< hq;=h'
viii. cd;shka;r jYfhka we;s iusu; jrAKhka oek isgsh hq;=h'
ix. wdrlaIl mqjre wdrlaIl ixfla; oek isgsh hq;=h'

5' by; i|yka l%u fjzohkag wkqj .Eia .Nvd l, hq;= w;r huz wjia:djlos
.Eia ldka\q jSulska fyda fjk;a wk;=rla ksid .Eia .sks .eksulg,la jqjfyd;a my;
i|yka l%ufjzohkag wkqj .skak ksjd oeusug lghq;= l< hq;=h. m<uqj .skak we;sjs
we;s .Eia jrA.h fydoska y\qkd .eksu'

i. Breathing aperators iy kshus; wdrÌdldrs we\quz me<| .skak ksjsu i|yd

hdu'
ii. iq<fÛa osYdj iy iajNdjh wkqj .skak ksjsug lghq;= lsrsu'
iii. .Eia .skak we;s ia:dkfhka jydu wjg isgsk mqoa.,hka bj;a lsrsu'
iv. .Eia fnda;,aj,g \qrska .skak we;s kus fnda;,a j, lrdu jid oeusu'
v. yelskus .sks .kakd ia:dkfhka .Eia fnda;,h bj;a lsrsug lghq;= lsrsu'
vi. .sks .kakd iaa:dkfha fjk;a .Eia fnda;,a w;akus tajd yels blaukska bj;a
lsrsu'
vii. Water wall fhdod .skak me;srsug bv fkdoSu yd boundry cooling lsrsu'
viii. .sks .kakd is,skavrhg c,h we,a,Sfuka je<lsu'
ix. jsh<s ridhksl l=vq jrA. .sks ksjsu i|yd fhdod .eksu'

Precaution With Electrical Fires

6' fk!ldj, fyda wdh;k j, fkdfhl=;a ldrAhka i|yd jsoq,s n,h w;HjYH
idOlhls' jsoq,sh huz huz fodaI iys; wjia:dj,os ldx\q jSula is\q jqjfyd;a tu.ska
.skakla we;sfjz' js\q,sh ksid we;sjk .sks js\q,s .sks jk w;r jsoq,sh jsikaOs lsrsfuka
miq tu .skak ta wjia:dfjz tu ia:dkfha we;s .sks .kakd o%jH wkqj fjkiafjz' ^A, B,
D, mx;s& js\q,s .skk b;du;a Nhdkl jk w;r jsoq,sh jsixOS fkdlr tjeks .skakla
ksjsu wk;=reodhl fjz' tu ksid js\q,s .skakla we;s fkdjsug my; i|yka l%ufjzohka
wkq.ukh l< hq;=h'

63 iSudkajs;hs
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i. fodaaIhka iys; jsoq,s WmlrAK Ndjs;fhka je<ls isgsu'

ii. js\q,s WmlrAK ,nd .kakd jsg fyd| m%us;shlska hq;= tAjd ,nd .eksu'
iii. js\q,s ckl j, fodaIhka we;akus tAjd Ndjs;fhka je<ls isgsu'
iv. wl=kq ier j,ska wdrlaId jsug oS we;s Wmfoia ksis f,i ms<smeosu'
v. wdrlaIs; ixfla; fhdod ;snsu'
vi. c,hg Tfrd;a;= fok js\q,s WmlrAK Ndjs;d lsrsu'
vii. ish,qu WmlrAK j, ksis kv;a;= lghq;= is\qlsrsu'

wjs .Nvdj, wdrlaIl Ndjh - Fire explosive

6' l%udkql+,j mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk wjs .Nvdjla kus fjka fjka jYfhka wjs
iy WKAv .Nvd l< hq;= w;r jsfYaI wdrlAIl jsOsjsOdk hgf;a mj;ajdf.k hd
hq;=h' fusjd fmdf<djhg mj;ajd f.k hdu b;du wdrlaaIdiys; jk w;r fk!ldj,
kuz under water area tfla mj;ajd f.khdu wdrlaId iys; fjz' thg fya;=j jkqfha
yosis .sks .eksula we;s jqj fyd;a flooding l%uhg .skak ksjsug yels ksidh. ;jo
wjs.Nvd i|yd water splinkle l%uhlao .sks ksjsug ia:dms; lsrsu b;d jeo.;a fjz.
fmdf<dj u;+ msg mj;ajdf.k hkafka kus th fyd| Yla;su;a wdldrhg isfuka;s
j,ska idod jy<g fldkals%gs oeush hq;=h' thg wu;rj hus \qrlska msg;ska wvshla
>klug ;dmamhla neosh hq;=h' jsfYaIfhka WIaK;ajudk ijslr ;snsu jd;i%h
fydoska ,ndosu .sks ksjsfus WmlrAK ksis f,i ia:dk .;lr ;snsu wjs .Nvd j,
wdrlaIdj i|yd b;d jeo.;a fjz'

64 iSudkajs;hs
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12:mdvu

MAINTENANCE ROUTINES
yeoskajSu
1. fk!ldj, .sksjsfuz WmlrAK iy ta i|yd Ndjs;d lrk wfkl=;a WmlrAK
ksisf,i ia:dk .; lr ;snqK;a tajdfha kshus; m%;sM, ,nd .elSug kuz ksis l,g
tys prAhdjka isoq l< hq;=h' tkuz my; i|yka wdlrhg tu WmlrAK j, kv;a;=
lghq;= yd prAhdjka isoql< hq;=h'

2. fmk .sks ksjdrkfha kv;a;+

i. i;s prAhdj

i. W1. Check & ensure, all extinguishers in correct stowages.

ii. W2. Check cartridges in place of Co2 cartridge seal.
iii. W3. Examine externally for corrosion. Vent holes and nozzle to be
checked for any blockage.

ii. udisl prAhdj

i. M2. Check operational condition of CO2 charge (Cartridge)

iii. isjs ui prAhdjisjs

ii. 4M1. Remove cap and ensure piercing plunger is free to operate. Lightly
Grease moving parts and threads of cap and cylinder.
iii. 4M2. Check & ensure, container filled with AFFF solution to correct level.
iv. 4M3. Check CO2 cartridge for leaks. In case of doubt, weigh cartridge.
Renew
if loss of weight is more than 1.5 % of the specified charge.
v. 4M4. Check CO2 cartridge for leaks and weigh the cartridge. Renew if loss
of
Eight is more than 30 g of specified charge.
vi. 4M5. Inspect outer body of container, clean discharge fitting and nozzle.
vii. 4M6. Check nozzle, dip tube and strainer holes are not blocked.
viii. 4M7. Check for signs of internal/ external corrosion.

iv. jdrAIsl prAhdj

i. A1. Survey and demand new extinguishers. (Life of non-plastic coated

Extinguishers is 5 years).

3. Maintops for 5 kg and 10 Kg Dry Chemical Powder Extinguisher

i. i;s prAhdj

i. W1. Check and ensure that all extinguishers are in correct stowage.
ii. W2. Check safety pins are in correct place.

iii. udisl prAhdj

iv. M1. Check condition of hose and all connections tight.

65 iSudkajs;hs
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iii. 4 Monthly Routines

v. 4M1. Remove cap and check condition of powder. Clean cap thread and
vent
holes clear.

vi. 4M2. Check CO2 cartridge for leaks. Weigh cartridge and renew if loss of
weight is more than 1.5% of the specified charge.

66 iSudkajs;hs
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13 : mdvu

FIRE FIGHTING AND FIRE PREVENTION IN SHIPS REFITING

fk!ldj, w,q;a jevshd lghq;= lsrsfuzos .sks we;s jsu j<lajd .ekSu

Welding and burning (hot work)

1' ish,q fokd fk!ld iy hd;%d welding and burning (hot work) is\Qlsrsfuos
kdjsl yuqod ksfhda. j,g wkqj ls%hd l< hq;=h' fk!ld ;=, f;,a jra." fjvs
fnfy;a jra." .Eia iy .sks .kakd iqΩ \%jHka ;sfnk ia:dk j, welding and burning
(hot work) = lrk jsg .sks we;sjsu j<lajd .eksu i|yd wkq.ukh lrk ish,q l%u
wkq.ukh l< hq;=h'

2. Action By Re-Fiting Authority - wjir m;

i. welding and burning (hot work) tlla lrk nj oekajsula udrA.fhka

fk!ldfjz ish,q fokdgu meh 24 mqrdu oeka jsh hq;=h'
ii. oldNdks jsiska fk!ldfjz ldrAhuKav,h okqj;a l< hq;= w;r wod,
,shjs,a, w;aika l< hq;=h'
iii. wΩ;ajevshdj lrk ia:dkfha .sks .kakd iq,q \%jH bj;a lr hot work tlla
lsrsug iq\qiq ;;ajla Wod l< hq;=h'
iv. ixjD; wjldY ;sfnz kuz tajd ksis mrsos ventilation l< hq;=h'
v. Hot work lsrsug m%:u Bg wjYH iq\qiq ls%hdudrA. f.k we;s njg NBCDO
jsiska iy;sl l< hq;=h'
vi. .sks ksjsu i|yd fhdod .kakd WmlrAK yd moaO;s ksis ls%hdldrs ;;ajfha
mj;sk njg iy;sl l< hq;=h'
vii. Hot work lsrsfuka miq kSrslaIKh fldg .sks fkd.kakd njg iy;sl l<
hq;=h'

3. Action by OOD

i. wod, ,shjs,a, f.k tafuka miq ^fire foam& HOD, NBCDO, XO, iy CO, g
oeka jsh hq;=h'
ii. Hot work lrk ia:dkhg uqr kdjslhka fho jsug lghq;= lsrsu iy wjYH
wdrlaIl lghq;= f.k w;soehs mrslaId lsrsu'
iii. ish,a, ;yjqre lsrsfuka miq NBCD I udra.fhka fire sentrys oekqj;a lsrsug
lghq;= lsrsu'

4. Action by department officer

i. Hot work lrk ia:dkh wjg .sks .kakd iq,Q \%jH bj;a lr we;s njg
iy;sl
l< hq;=h'
ii. ixjD; wjldY ;sfnz kuz tajd ksis mrsos ventilation lsrsug lghq;= lsrsu'
iii. .sks ksjsug we;s ish,qu WmlrAK ksis ls%hdldrs ;;ajfha we;s njg iys;sl
l, hq;=h'

5. Action by NBCD officer

i. Hot work tlla lsrsug m%:u wjYH ish,Q oE iuzmQrAK oehs mrslaId lsrsu'
67 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

ii. ixjD; wjldY ;sfnz kuz tajd ksis mrsos ventilation lr we;s njg iy;sl
l<
hq;=h'
iii. fk!ldfjz m%Odk .sks ksjsfuz moaO;sh iqodkuz lr we;s njg iy;sl lsrsu
iy .sks ksjsfuz WmlrAK ksisf,i ia:dk .;lr ;enSu'
iv. jsh<s ;Gdlhl kuz msg;ska c,h ,nd .ekSu wdosh iy;sl l< hq;= w;r
by; i|yka lreKq ish,a, fidhd n,d ish,a, ksis wdldr kuz Hot work
lsrsug iQodkuz nj iy;sl l< hq;=h'

Welding and burning sentrees

6. fuys m%Odkshd oldNdks jk w;r Tyq jsiska fcaHIaG kdjslhl= fuz ms<sn|j
fidhd ne,Su i|yd kuz l< hq;=h fcaHIaG kdjslhka jsiska fuu welding and burning
sentrees ms<sn|j ks;ru fidhd ne,sh hq;=h' fuu uqr kdjslhka y\qkd .eksu i|yd
r;= mgshla wf;a me<|sh hq;=h'fcaHIaG kdjslhd jsiska f,d.a fmd;la mj;ajdf.k hd
hq;=h'

7' Provision of fire fighting equipment hot woek ioyd .sks ksjdrK iemhsu

i. AFFF 9ltr fire extinguishers 02

ii. Gas and water 9ltr 02
iii. Co2 extinguishers 01
iv. Fire blanket 01
v. wu;r .sks ksjsfuz WmlrAK 15m muK \qrska ;nd .; hq;=h

8. Safety Precution During Hot Work ^fmr iqodku&

i. .sks .kakd iqΩ ish,qu \%jH bj;a l< hq;=h'

ii. ish,q hdno ldur mrSlaId lr ydkshla ke;s njg ;yjqre l< hq;=h'
iii. ixjD; lr we;s ldur jsjD; lr ventilation l< hq;=h'
iv. ish,qu js\q,s flan,a wdosh ydks fkdjk mrsos wdrlaId l< hq;=h'
v. hka;% ldur ioyd jsfYaIs;jq wjodkhla fhduq l< hq;=h'
vi. ia:dk lsysmhl tljr jev lsrsfuzos ta ta ia:dk i|yd fjk fjku .sks
wdrlaIl kdjslhka fhdojd wjYH Wmfoia ,nd osh hq;=h'

9. Gas welding and burning - jdhq fhdod f.k mEiaiSuz lsrsfuos ms<smeosh hq;=
wdrlaIK jsosjsOdk&

i. Gas cylinder wether decks tflys .Nvd fkdl< hq;=h'

ii. ldur ;=, jdhq mEiaisula isoQ l< fyd;a tu oskh ;=, ,nd.;a cylinder
bj;a l< hq;=h'
iii. ojfia ldrAh ksujq miq valve jid reguilator .,jd oeush hq;=h
iv. Gas welding equipment ksis f,i kv;a;= lr mrsyrKh l< hq;=h
v. ldrAh ksujq miq wjg m%foaYh mrSlaId l<hq;= w;r .sks fkd.kakd njg
;yjqre l< hq;=h'

68 iSudkajs;hs
 iSudkajs;hs

10. Hot work with acetylene

i. ksis ls%hdldrs;ajfha we;s welding cutting equipments and gases Ndjs; l<
hq;=h'
ii. Nozzle jra. Ndjs;fhaos ksis l%u wkq.ukh l< hq;=h'
iii. Nozzle ksis f,i mrSlaIdlr valve jsjD; l< hq;=h'
iv. Regulating and valve ksis f,i kv;a;= l< hq;=h'
v. Acetylene valve wersfuos iy jeisfuz os b;d fiuska yd mrsdiaiuska jeish
hq;=h'
vi. blow back jq miq cylinder j, valve laIkslj jeish hq;= w;r hose o b;d
blaukska .e, jsh hq;=h'
vii. cylinder j, valve Wvq w;g isgsk fia .Nvd l< hq;=h'

11. Welding on pipe work and trunking

i. pipe work and tranking welding burning lrk jsg b;d iqmrSlaId ldrsj my;
ioyka ia:dk .ek wjodkh fhduq l< hq;=h
Explosive compartment j, msysgsu'
.sks .kakd iq,q o%jH we;s .Nvd

ii. welding and burning lrk wjia:dfjz welding sentry fhojsh hq;=h'
iii. .sks wjodkula iys; compartment j,g iuznkaO jk k< udrA. .,jd iS,a
l< hq;=h'
iv. ish,qu .sks ksjsfuz WmlrAK iy moaO;s iQodkuz lr ;snsu'

12. Welding in magazine compartment'

fk!ldfjs wKfok ks<Odrsf.a ksis wjirhlska f;drj fjvs fnfy;a \%jH

.Nvd iyd .Eia we;s compartment welding and burning fkdl< hq;=h fujeks ia:dk
j, huz ldrAhla lrkafka kuz Bg m%:u m<uq wdrlaIl mshjr jYfhka tys we;s ish,q
\%jH bj;a lsrsug ta ta fomdra;fuka;= m%Odkska j. n,d .; hq;=h'

69 iSudkajs;hs