HUMAN AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY

SCHOOL: Claude McKay High

TEACHER: Reynaldo Thomas SUBJECT: Human And Social Biology
UNIT TOPIC: Excretion and Homeostasis SUBTOPIC: Excretion and The Skin CLASS: 11 CMH
DATE:
GENERAL At the end of this lesson students should :
OBJECTIVES 1. Be knowledgeable about the importance of excretion.
2. Identify the excretory organs.
3. Be cognizant of the human skin.
SPECIFIC At the end of this lesson students should be able to :
OBJECTIVES 1.a.Define the term excretion.
1.b. Explain why excretion is important to human.

2.a. Identify the different excretory organs and their excretory products.
3.a. Label the structures of the human skin.
3.b. Relate the structures of the skin to their function.

TEACHING 1. The internet : http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/pubs/yourkidneys/

RESOURCES click4biology
2. Textbook :Human and Social Biology for CSEC Examinations Pages 167 to 170 .

TEACHING 1. Explanation: Teacher will explain the fundamental importance of the kidneys.
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METHODS 2. Still Picture presentation: Teacher will project various diagrams of the kidneys when explaining the different
concepts.
3. Discussions: Both teacher and Students will discuss the nephron as the functioning unit of the kidneys.
4. Questions and Answers: Students will answer questions related to the topic.

MAIN POINTS
The Kidneys
 The kidneys are bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist. They are located near
the middle of the back, just below the rib cage, one on each side of the spinetes occurs in
tiny units inside the kidneys called nephrons.
 Each kidney has about a million nephrons.
 The actual removal of wastes occurs in tiny units inside the kidneys called nephrons.
Each kidney has about a million nephrons. In the nephron, a glomerulus-which is a tiny
blood vessel or capillary-intertwines with a tiny urine-collecting tube called a tubule.

Ultra filtration
ultra filtration occurs at the barrier between the blood and the filtrate in the Bowman's capsule
in the kidneys. The Bowman's capsule contains a dense capillary network called the glomerulus.
Blood flows into these capillaries through the afferent arteriole and leaves through the efferent
arteriole. The blood pressure in the afferent arteriole is higher than the blood pressure in the
efferent arteriole. This is because the efferent arteriole has a smaller diameter than the afferent
arteriole.
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Selective Reabsorption

The process of control and regulation in the kidney begins with a non discriminating filtration (ultra filtration) that removes just as
many useful substances as harmful ones from the blood to make filtrate.

The kidney then takes back from the filtrate to the blood those substances that it still requires in the blood.(Selective Reabsorption)

The beauty of the way the kidney works is that it is able to control how much of a substance it reabsorbs back into the blood
(Regulation)

The Skin

Skin is made up of two layers of different types of cell.

These layers are the dermis, and on top of the dermis
thinner epidermis. The Malpighian layer of the
epidermis forms first a granular layer of cells.

The dermis is made up of connective tissue, containing

elastic fibres and many other structures. The dermis
has many blood capillaries, which supply nutrients and
oxygen to the various structures in this part of the skin.

See text book for additional notes

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Students will answer the questions below, which were taken from CXC pass papers.

EVALUATION
ONE
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Regulation of body Temperature
Vaso dilation
 this take place in hot environment
 blood vessels near skin's surface get wider and closer the skin surface.
 more blood travel in blood vessels hence more heat is loss.

Vaso constriction
 this take place when the environment is cool
 blood vessels get smaller and further away from the surface of the skin
 less blood is circulating, hence the body conserve heat
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EVALUATION
TWO

SUPERVIOR’S
COMMENT
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