Remove Watermark Wondershare

PDFelement

1. Explain Elite Capture as used in the community work.

Answer:

Elite Capture is a form of corruption whereby public resources are biased for the benefit of a few
individuals of superior social status in detriment of the welfare of the larger population. The theory
implies that a small minority, consisting of members of the economic elite and policy-planning networks,
holds the power-and that this power is independent of democratic elections.

2. Explain the concept community.

Answer:

Community is a group of people living with families in a geographical location, often with one common
language, interest, moral codes, norms and beliefs. A community protects its members from intruders.
Members live and work in the community. There is relationship amongst the community members.
There is mutual support, self-help and assistance. Community members have functioning socialization
processes which they observe.

People or individuals within the community are the products of their community. Each community
citizen must be respected as a person. Any community effort should involve people who relate to each
other in a broad, and deeply humane way. Members are dependent on one another in their day-to-day
transactions of mutual advantage.

3. Explain briefly, any two (2) expositions of the humanised model of development.

Answer:

Development is a process that increases choices. It is the application of education for improved quality
of life. The two humanised model of development are:

a. Participation – this is one of the most important concept in the community education and
development. It is the soul of an empowered community and the heart that pumps the
community’s lifeblood of its citizens in the community business. (Gboku and Lekoko, 2007),
defined participation as a process of widening and redistributing opportunities to enable
participants to become involved in decision-making process that affect their lives. Participation,
however, is critical to community success.

b. Community Animation – this is a method of community development where the change agent
serves as catalyst to development. This method encourages the acquisition of self-help and
leadership skills. Community Animation leads to the improvement of socio-economic conditions
of the community.
 Remove Watermark Wondershare
PDFelement

4. Define leadership as used in development work.

Answer:

Leadership, as far as development is concerned, is the process of social influence, which maximizes the
efforts of others, towards the achievement of social, economic, cultural and environmental goals.

5. Define the concept education.

Answer:

Education is defined as a conscious effort or process of helping community members. Through

education, community members acquire knowledge, skills, and attitude in order to live a good life in the
society. Any education for community development should be culturally linked. Education is
synonymous with development.

6. Define the concept of sustainable development.

Answer:

Sustainable development is defined as an approach to developing or growing by using resources in a

way that allows for them to renew or continue to exist for others. The use of recycled materials, like
plastic bottles and cans or renewable resources when building are examples of sustainable
development. The practices of sustainable development help countries grow in ways that adapt to the
challenges posed by climate change, which will in turn help to protect important natural resources for
ours and future generations. By the year 2050, it is estimated that our global population will most likely
reach 9 billion people. The main goal of sustainable development, also known as global goals, were
adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015 as a universal call to action to end poverty,
protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity by 2030.

7. Define the concept poverty as used in development work.

Answer:

Poverty is a state or condition in which a person or community lacks the financial resources and
essentials for a minimum standard of living. Poverty is basically not having enough money to meet basic
needs including food, clothing and shelter. As far as development work is concerned in a community,
poverty will imply lack of access to basic necessities like rice, bread, corn, poultry meat, fresh eggs, fresh
vegetables, root crops, sugar, salt, detergent, firewood, portable drinking water, etc., that people in the
community depend on to survive and also have the drive to participate in any community development
activity.
 Remove Watermark Wondershare
PDFelement

8. Explain briefly any two (2) typologies of community adult education.

Answer: Community adult education refers to adult training and continuing education in a community,
both inside and outside of the formal education system.

The two typologies of community adult education are:

a. Adult education for the community – this occurs when programmes are provided for adults,
which are based on some kind of needs assessment, or wishes or desires of adults within the
locale of the providing centre. It is the type of education programme organised from outside the
community. An example is remedial classes for a community interested in literacy programme.

b. Adult education in the community – this form of education is community initiated, planned,
implemented, controlled, monitored, and evaluated. Typical example are provided by a good
Non-Governmental Organisations (NGO’s).

9. Explain the concept relative poverty.

Answer:

Relative poverty describes circumstances in which people cannot afford actively to participate in society
and benefit from the activities and experiences that most people take for granted. It is conventionally
defined as 40, 50 or 60 percent of national median disposable income. Causes of relative poverty include
unemployment, poor health, and inequalities within the labour market. An example of someone in
relative poverty is a person who does not have a job and relies on government assistance to maintain or
survive.

10. Explain the concept synergic power as used in development work.

Answer:

Synergic power refers to the extra energy or enthusiasm that members of a community or individuals
develop in pursuit of a cause or an objective. A collaborative way of working together towards a
common goal. A cooperative way of combining efforts together in any developmental activity in order to
achieve a better results.
 Remove Watermark Wondershare
PDFelement

11. Explain the term local politics as used in development work.

Answers:

Local politics refers to a relatively permanent power structure prevailing among the leadership group in
a community such that any change agent or adult educator who is desirous to work with a community
should adopt appropriate community entry process. This should be done by consulting the leadership as
a group rather than the individuals. Local politics serve as catalyst for increased participation of
community members in development programmes. It engenders the maintenance of peace in the
community. It also helps correct the misunderstanding about roles and create the congenial atmosphere
for citizens participation in local decision-making process.

12. Explain what is meant by community immersion as used in development work.

Answer:

A community is a group of people living with families in a geographical location, often with one common
language, interest, moral codes, norms and beliefs. Community immersion, however, is the mental
involvement or participation in community development activities by individuals who are not familiar
with the people and community. It gives them the opportunity to blend in, reflect on their assumptions,
attitudes, and the knowledge base of their profession and to gain cultural competence in the
community.

13. List four (4) characteristics of the economic growth model of community development.

Answer:

a. Economic growth is a continuous process.

b. Economic growth boosts national income.
c. Economic growth improves standard of living.
d. Economic growth helps to utilize national resource property.
e. Economic growth results in structural changes.
f. Economic growth results in high rates of social, political and ideological transformation.
g. Economic growth results in the increase in total factor of productivity.

14. List two (2) reasons behind the institution of the Marshall Plan after World War II.

Answer: The Marshall Plan, also known as the European Recovery Program, was a U.S program
providing aid to Western Europe following the devastation of the World War II. The reasons behind
the institution of the Marshall Plan are:
 Remove Watermark Wondershare
PDFelement

a. To help European countries destroyed by the war regain a good economy.

b. Promote adoption of policies leading to stable economies.
c. Take measures to increase trade among European countries.
d. Help prevent the spread of Soviet communism.

15. Mention any two (2) Non-Governmental Organisations (NGO’s) in Ghana and in each case
name the major community development activity they undertake.

Answer:

a. Electoral Commission (EC) – This organisation is responsible for providing education on

successful organisation and conducting of registration of eligible voters, voting, and elctions in
Ghana, in general.
b. Environmental Protection Agency – This agency is responsible for the provision of education on
environmental hygiene as well as putting up or mounting of unauthorized structures in every
part of the country.

c. 21st Century Initiatives – This organisation used drama as its mode of education for poverty
reduction, health and education assistance for Ghanaian communities

d. ActionAid Ghana – This organisation began operating in Ghana since 1990. They work in the
most deprived and marginalised communities by supporting the basic needs and rights of the
poor to achieve social justice and defeat poverty. They also invest heavily in education, with
emphasis on securing girl’s and women’s right to education, adequate resources for education,
and works to ensure participation, transparency and accountability in the education sector.

e. PAAJAF – This organisation is responsible for providing education and support to Ghanaian
orphans and other vulnerable children, teens and adult illiteracy.

16. Name two (2) agencies of community development in Ghana.

Answer:

a. Social Welfare (SW)

b. National Commission for Civic Education (NCCE)
c. Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MoFA)
d. Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI)
e. Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development (MLGRD)
f. Ministry of Health (MoH)
g. Ministry of Fisheries and Aqua Culture (MFAC)
h. National Vocational Training Institute (NVTI)
i. Department of Community Development (DCD)
 Remove Watermark Wondershare
PDFelement

j. National Board for Small-Scale Industries (NBSSI)

k. Rural Enterprise Projects (REPs)

17. State two (2) attributes each of the liberal and liberating models of community education.

Answer:

Liberal Community Education:

(a) Does not target any specific group. An example is education programmes organised by NCCE and EC.

(b) Based on the assumption that the same educational programme will satisfy all members of the
community at the same time.

Liberating Community Education:

(a) This is meant to making the poor, socially disadvantaged, oppressed, vulnerable groups become
aware and free.
(b) It is characterized by radicalism, and create tension, thereby seen as promoting the well-being
of the identified disadvantaged groups.

18. What does the term community infiltration imply in community work?

Answer:

Community infiltration in community work refers the act of proactively participating in all
developmental activities by members of the community in order to achieve social, economic, cultural,
environmental goals.

19. What does the term empowerment connote in community work?

Answer:

Empowerment in community work has to do with possession and exercise of power. The term is
generally used to describe the desirable state of affairs in which individuals are well informed and
equipped to have choice and effective control in everyday aspects of their lives, their labour and access
to resources. It can also be seen as the process of enhancing feelings of self-efficacy in communities
through identification and removal of conditions that reinforce powerlessness.
 Remove Watermark Wondershare
PDFelement

20. Why are environmental issues said to have no boundaries?

Answer:

Environmental issues have no boundaries because nature itself has no boundaries. However, human
manipulations enable nature to be heard through various activities or ways that promote different
agendas.