1 ‫بسم اهلل الرحمن الرحیم‬

In the name of God

Electrical machinery 3
Session 7
(Flux & mmf vectors in synchronous
machines)

Mohammad Ali Shafiezadeh

‫محمد علي شفيع زاده‬ ‫محمد علی شفیع زاده‬
 2
Cylindrical rotor
The aim is to show the interaction between field mmf e and
armature mmf waves.
Synchronous generator:

Fa

fa

fb fc
‫محمد علي شفيع زاده‬
 3 In phase armature current
to electromotive force(Ef)
The emf generated by Ff alone is called the excitation emf or
excitation voltage.
Ef = √2 π Kw fr Nphϕf
dϕ
Ef = - N f Ef
dt
Ff ∝ ϕf
ω
Fr Fa
Ia

Ff

Fr = Ff + Fa
Fr Ff Fa Φr = Φf + Φa
R =R+R
‫محمد علي شفيع زاده‬
 4 Lagging armature current
to electromotive force (Ef)

Lagging armature current to the electromotive force reduces the

mmf and the resulting flux in the air gap.
So in this case, the armature current will have demagnetizing
properties.
‫محمد علي شفيع زاده‬
 5 Different states of armature
current to Ef
If Ia is 90 degrees lagging relative to Ef , Fa will be
completely demagnetizer. (Magnetic weakening)
ie: Fr = Ff - Fa
If Ia is 90 degrees leading relative to Ef , Fa will be
completely magnetizing. (Magnetic reinforcement)
ie: Fr = Ff + Fa Ef
E f

Ff Fa
Ff
Fa
‫محمد علي شفيع زاده‬
 6
Motor state
In the motor, the direction of the armature current is the opposite
of the armature current in the generator.
If Ia is 90 degrees leading relative to Ef , Fa will be completely
demagnetizer. (Magnetic weakening) ie: Fr = Ff - Fa
If Ia is 90 degrees lagging relative to Ef , Fa will be completely
magnetizing. (Magnetic reinforcement) ie: Fr = Ff + Fa

‫محمد علي شفيع زاده‬

 7
Salient pole machine
In cylindrical rotor machines, the flux generated by
the armature mmf is independent of the air gap.
Because the air gap is uniform and the magnetic
resistance is constant.
The flux produced in a salient pole machine depends
on the air gap.
The magnetic resistance along the polar axis or
longitudinal axis is much smaller than the magnetic
resistance at the inter polar or transverse axis.

‫محمد علي شفيع زاده‬

 8 Inductive current in
salient pole generator

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 9 Inphase current in
salient pole generator

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 10
Conclution
• If the armature current is 90o lagging relative to Ef , it will
reduce the output flux.
• If the armature current is 90o leading relative to Ef , it will
amplify the output flux.
• If the armature current is in phase with Ef , the resulting flux
will have an individual harmonic.
• In general, the armature current is generally lagging, therefore
the mmf due to the armature current acts on both the
longitudinal axis and the transverse axis.
• Thus armature mmf reduces the resulting flux and creates odd
harmonics.

‫محمد علي شفيع زاده‬

 11
The end

The end of
th
7 session

‫محمد علي شفيع زاده‬