Kinetic Molecular Theory

 
 Explains that states of matter is based on the idea that matter is composed of tiny particles that
are always in motion.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Greater temperature = greater molecular motion
 
 

 
  

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FORCES BETWEEN MOLECULES
 
  
 
******all of these above have molecules interact and are held together by forces
1. Intermoleclular forces
2. Intramolecular forces
 
 

 
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Intermolecular Forces
 
1. Vander Waals
 
 van der Waals forces, relatively weak electric forces that attract neutral molecules to one
another in gases, in liquefied and solidified gases, and in almost all organic liquids and solids
 
 
 Van der Waals forces are driven by induced electrical interactions between two or more atoms
or molecules that are very close to each other
 
 
a. Dipole -dipole interaction
b. Dipole -induced dipole
c. Dispersion Forces
 
2. Electrostatic Force
 
a. Ion -dipole
b. Ion induced dipole
c. H-bonding
 
 
 
Vander Waals Dipole -dipole interaction
 
 Two polar molecules (when partial positive atom of one polar molecule is attracted to partially
negative atom of the second molecule)
 Unequal sharing of electrons
  Similar to H bond but the EN are smaller
 Strength is dependent on the polarity of molecule, overall Interaction: weak
 

 
Vander Waals Dipole -Induced dipole interaction
 
 In the presence of polar molecule a non-polar molecule is forced

to become a dipole
 The molecule of the non-polar molecule is disturb caused the

electrons of the latter to be distributed to one side making the

other side (distorted or positive) induced.
 Weaker than dipole dipole
 
 
  
 
Vander Waals Dispersion Forces (London Forces)
 
 The weakest intermolecular forces of all are called dispersion

forces or London forces. These represent the attraction between

instantaneous dipoles in a molecule
 Exist in all, polar , non-polar and in compound equal sharing of

electron.
 Forces occur temporarily when electron move in a direction away

from nucleus causing induce dipole.

 
Example: water, methane
 
 
 
 
 
Ion -Dipole interaction