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2022-2023 3RD YEAR, 1ST SEMESTER Prof. Kimberly Ann Pulga, RMT, MPH
Laboratory Mathematics
(Preliminary Term, 2nd Topic)
Trans Outline:
Topic 1: Significant A. Difference of
Figures Ratio and
A. Rules Dilution
Topic 2: Units of B. Types
Measurement C. Dilution Factor
A. International d’ D. Preparation of A
Unités
Working Solution
B. Reporting of
from A Stock
Measurements
Topic 3: Temperatures Solution
Topic 4: Solutions
Topic 6: Video
A. Types
Presentations
B. Concentration
Topic 7: Conversion
C. Calculations
Factors
Topic 5: Dilutions
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CCHM321 | BSMLS 2024 CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 1 TRANSCRIBER: CRUZ, A. M. A.
2022-2023 3RD YEAR, 1ST SEMESTER Prof. Kimberly Ann Pulga, RMT, MPH
Solving Problem 1
Solving Problem 2
REPORTING OF MEASUREMENTS:
Components of a Laboratory Result: Solving Problem 3
o Actual value
o Unit
It is recommended that analytes be reported
using mmol/L (substance concentration)
Reporting laboratory results is often
expressed in terms of substance
concentration (e.g. moles) or the mass of a
substance (e.g. mg/dL, g/L, mEq/L and IU)
Solving Problem 4
rather than SI units
TEMPERATURES
Fahrenheit
o (OC X 9/5) + 32 or OC X 1.8 + 32
Celsius
o (OF—32) X 5/9 or OF–32 X 0.556
Celsius
o OK –273
Kelvin
o OC + 273 SOLUTIONS
A homogenous mixture of two or more
substances with each substance retaining its
own chemical identity
A solution contains two or more components:
a solvent and one or more solutes
Solutions used in laboratories and clinical
settings are most often liquids, and the
solvent is nearly always water.
Components
o Solute
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CCHM321 | BSMLS 2024 CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 1 TRANSCRIBER: CRUZ, A. M. A.
2022-2023 3RD YEAR, 1ST SEMESTER Prof. Kimberly Ann Pulga, RMT, MPH
3
CCHM321 | BSMLS 2024 CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 1 TRANSCRIBER: CRUZ, A. M. A.
2022-2023 3RD YEAR, 1ST SEMESTER Prof. Kimberly Ann Pulga, RMT, MPH
4
CCHM321 | BSMLS 2024 CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 1 TRANSCRIBER: CRUZ, A. M. A.
2022-2023 3RD YEAR, 1ST SEMESTER Prof. Kimberly Ann Pulga, RMT, MPH
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CCHM321 | BSMLS 2024 CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 1 TRANSCRIBER: CRUZ, A. M. A.
2022-2023 3RD YEAR, 1ST SEMESTER Prof. Kimberly Ann Pulga, RMT, MPH
Molar Solutions
1. Determine the molarity of a solution
containing 4.35 moles of KMnO4
dissolved in enough water to give 750 mL
solution
Normal Solutions
IDENTIFYING THE VALENCE OF ACIDS,
BASES, AND SALTS
2. Determine the molarity of a solution
containing 20g NaOH dissolved in
enough water to give 1.50L solution. (Na-
23; O-16, H-1)
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CCHM321 | BSMLS 2024 CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 1 TRANSCRIBER: CRUZ, A. M. A.
2022-2023 3RD YEAR, 1ST SEMESTER Prof. Kimberly Ann Pulga, RMT, MPH
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CCHM321 | BSMLS 2024 CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 1 TRANSCRIBER: CRUZ, A. M. A.
2022-2023 3RD YEAR, 1ST SEMESTER Prof. Kimberly Ann Pulga, RMT, MPH
Doubling Dilution
o Example: Doubling dilution 6 times
o This results in a series of dilutions,
each a doubling dilution of the
previous one
Serial Dilution
o used when necessary to test several
successive dilutions on same
sample; referred as multiple
progressive dilution; range from
more concentrated to less
concentrated sol.; for determining a DILUTION FACTOR:
titer; multiplicative hence the 1. What is the dilution factor if you add 0.1
answer 1/8 in example mL aliquot of a specimen to 9.9 mL of
to calculate final dilution, diluent?
use each dilution of interest The final volume is equal to the aliquot
as a multiplicative factor of volume PLUS the diluent volume: 0.1 mL +
which the resulting product 9.9 mL = 10 mL
is the dilution The dilution factor is equal to the final
o Example: A serum specimen was volume divided by the aliquot volume: 10
successively diluted 1:2, 1:2, and mL/0.1 mL = 1:100 dilution
1:2 with saline. What is the final
dilution of the specimen? 2. What is the dilution factor when 0.2 mL
Solution. When determining is added to 3.8 mL diluent?
the final dilution of a series Set-up the problem: dilution factor = final
of dilutions use each dilution volume/aliquot volume 0.2 +3.8 = 4.0 total
as a multiplicative factor. volume 4.0/0.2 = 1:20 dilution
The resulting product is the
PREPARATION OF A WORKING
final dilution.
SOLUTION FROM A STOCK SOLUTION:
C1V1 = C2V2
o Where
C1 = concentration of stock
o Example: If a 1/8 dilution of the solution
stock solution is made followed by a V1 = volume of stock
1/6 dilution what is the final solution
dilution. C2 = concentration of the
Solution: When determining working solution
the final dilution of a series V2 = volume of the working
of dilutions use each dilution solution
as a multiplicative factor. o stock solution is diluted as it is
The resulting product is the
highly concentrated, then diluted or
final dilution.
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CCHM321 | BSMLS 2024 CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 1 TRANSCRIBER: CRUZ, A. M. A.
2022-2023 3RD YEAR, 1ST SEMESTER Prof. Kimberly Ann Pulga, RMT, MPH
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CCHM321 | BSMLS 2024 CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 1 TRANSCRIBER: CRUZ, A. M. A.