Senior High School Department

LEARNING MODULE 3
BUSINESS MATHEMATICS
First Semester, School Year 2022 – 2023
Set __, Class No. __
Directions: Print a copy of this module in a long bond paper and answer the following
exercises.
Name of Student: _________________________________ Date submitted: ______________
Strand & Section: _________________________________ Subject Teacher: _____________

Title Chapter 2: Ratio and Proportion

Module No #3
Date September 19 – 23, 2022
Topics Types of Proportions
Learning At the end of the lesson the student is expected to:
Outcomes - Solve problems involving proportion.
- Identify the different kinds of proportion and give examples for
each of them.
- Solve problems involving direct, inverse, and partitive proportion.
Preparatory Welcome to Burgers, Burgers, Burgers!
Activities A survey conducted by a group of Grade 12 students shows that for
every 5 students in their school who prefer Brand A Burger, 8 students
prefer Brand B Burger. If there are 2600 student in their school, how
many more prefer Brand B than Brand A?

In order to solve this, determine the given first.

First, we know that there are 5 students who likes Brand A burger, while
there 8 students who likes Brand B burger. This means that the initial
interviewees were from 13 students in total.
Next, based on the statement, we want to find out how many students like
Brand A or Brand B burger out of 2600 students. With this, we can plot
our given.

Given:
Brand A 5 Brand A x
Brand B 8 Brand B y
Total 13 Total 2600
Now, we can set up a proportion to solve for x and y. The key here is to
make a proportion, such that only one variable is missing. This means
that it would be difficult if we set up our proportion like this:
5:8=x:y
Which is why we will opt for something easier, like this:
5 : 13 = x : 2600
This proportion translates “The 5 students who like Brand A burger out
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of 13 is proportional to the x students who like Brand A burger out of

2600.

Let’s solve!

Solution Description
5 : 13 = x : 2600 Given
13x = 13000 Multiply the means and extremes.
x = 1000 Divide both sides of the equation
by 13.
Therefore, 1000 students out of 2600 students prefer Brand A Burger.

Now let’s solve for y using the proportion 8 : 13 = y : 2600.

Solution Description
8 : 13 = y : 2600 Given
13y = 20800 Multiply the means and extremes.
y = 1600 Divide both sides of the equation
by 13.
Therefore, 1600 students out of 2600 students prefer Brand B Burger.

Let’s venture on more lessons related to proportions!

Solution Description
5 : 13 = x : 2600 Given
13x = 13000 Multiply the means and extremes.
x = 1000 Divide both sides of the equation
by 13.
Therefore, 1000 students out of 2600 students prefer Brand A Burger.

Now let’s solve for y using the proportion 8 : 13 = y : 2600.

Solution Description
8 : 13 = y : 2600 Given
13y = 20800 Multiply the means and extremes.
y = 1600 Divide both sides of the equation
by 13.
Therefore, 1600 students out of 2600 students prefer Brand B Burger.

Let’s venture on more lessons related to proportions!

Content Example #1: The ratio of the monthly revenues of two store outlets
located at Robinhood’s and PureSilver is 7:6. If the monthly revenue of
the store outlet at PureSilver is ₱138000, what is the monthly revenue of
the store outlet at Robinhood’s?
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Solution Description
7:6 Given monthly revenue
x : 138000 Definition of ratio
7 : 6 = x : 138000 Definition of proportion
6x = 966000 Multiply the means and extremes
x = 161000 Divide both sides of the
proportion by 6.
Therefore, the monthly revenue of Robinhood’s is ₱161000.

Example #2: Gerry bought a can of milk for ₱ 35.75. How many cans of
milk can he buy if he has ₱350.00?

Solution Description
1 : 35.75 Given monthly revenue
x : 350 Definition of ratio
1 : 35.75 = x : 350 Definition of proportion
35.75x = 350 Multiply the means and extremes
x ≈ 9.79 Divide both sides of the
proportion by 35.75.
x=9 Since x represents an object that
cannot be broken down as a
fraction or decimal, therefore we
round down our answer.
Therefore, Gerry will get 9 cans of milk for ₱350.

Example #3: A financial broker’s ratio requirement for her investors on

the amount of stocks to the amount of bonds is 3 : 2. If he has a client
who invested ₱ 30,000 more in stocks than she did in bonds, how much
did this client invest in stocks and bonds?

Solution (a) Description

3:2 Given
Bonds = a Based on the statement, both
Stocks = a + 30000 stocks and bonds are missing. But
we do know that the client
invested ₱ 30,000 more in stocks
than in bonds.
3 : 2 = a + 30000 : a Definition of proportion
3a = 2a + 60000 Multiply the means and extremes
a = 60000 Subtract 2a to both sides of the
equation
Therefore, the client invested 60000 in bonds, and 90000 in stocks.
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Types of Proportion

⩥ Direct - The increase in one variable cause simultaneous increase

in the second variable at the same rate.
o More work hours, bigger pay
o More items bought in online shopping, bigger expense

Example #1: Direct Proportion

In a manufacturing plant of soft drinks, the managers are
monitoring the machines capacity to produce a number of soft drink
bottles in a day. If six machines are able to produce 1500 soft drinks in a
day, how many machines are need to produce 3500 soft drink bottles in a
day?

Answer: The two variables in the statement are the number of machines
and the number of soft drink bottles it can make. As the number of
machine increases, the number of soft drink bottles that can be made will
also increase. (This also works conversely if the machine decreased)

Solution Description
Machines Soft drink bottles Given
6 1500
x 3500
6 : x = 1500 : 3500 Definition of direct proportion
21000 = 1500x Multiply the means and extremes
x = 14 Divide both sides by 1500
Therefore, you need 14 machines to produce 3500 soft drink bottles.

⩥ Inverse - The increase in one variable causes the decrease in the

second variable at the same rate. It also works conversely.
o Faster speed, lesser travel time
o Lesser workers, more working days to finish a job.

Example #2: Inverse Proportion

Mr. Dela Cruz noticed that his 8 workers can finish the
construction of a furniture in 6 hrs. If Mr. Dela Cruz will have 12 workers
the following week with an assumption that his workers will have the
same rate, how many hours will his workers finish the construction of a
furniture?

Answer: The two variables in the statement are the number of workers
and the time to finish the furniture. As the number of workers increases,
the time to finish the furniture will eventually decrease. (This also works
conversely if the workers were decreased)
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Solution Description
Workers Times Given
8 6
12 x
8 : 12 = 6 : x Definition of proportion
8 : 12 = x : 6 Reciprocate one of the ratio. (You
can choose any side of the
equation. This is also known as
the definition of inverse
proportion
48 = 12x Multiply the means and extremes
x=4 Divide both sides by 12
Therefore, 12 workers can finish a furniture in 4 hours.

⩥ Partitive - The partition of a whole into more than two parts based
on given ratios.
o Inheritance in the family

Example #3: Partitive Proportion

Mr. Jose won from a lottery and he wants to distribute ₱ 250000 to
his 3 children. He is thinking of giving the money in the ratio of 5:3:2 of
which the youngest will receive the highest amount, and the eldest will
receive the smallest amount. How much will each child of Mr. Jose get?

Answer: From the statement, the total number of parts into which the
whole is divided is 10 (5+3+2). The ₱250000, will be partitioned by x for
the eldest, y for the middle child, and z for the youngest child.

Given
Child Partition Money they will
receive
Eldest 5 x
Middle 3 y
Youngest 2 z
Total 10 ₱250000

Solution for x Description

2 : 10 = x : 250000 Given
500000 = 10x Multiply the means and extremes
x = 50000 Divide both sides by 10.
Therefore, the eldest will receive ₱50000.

Solution for y Description

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3 : 10 = y : 250000 Given
750000 = 10y Multiply the means and extremes
y = 75000 Divide both sides by 10.
Therefore, the middle child will receive ₱75000.

Solution for z Description

5 : 10 = z : 250000 Given
1250000 = 10z Multiply the means and extremes
z = 125000 Divide both sides by 10.
Therefore, the youngest will receive ₱125000.
Learning Watch this video and learn more about different approaches in solving
Activities for types of proportions.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pGRAWi0OQr4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zH-aN0nxl7s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gk64FrR14is
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fPQQsGL74CA

Assessment
1) A part-time faculty in a certain university teachers 12 hours a week
and makes ₱4,992. At this rate of pay, how much would the faculty
make for teaching 17 hours a week?
2) Jean Grey types 4-pages in 36 minutes. At this rate, how long will
it take her to type a 9-page report?
3) In a ratio of 10:12:16, three brothers invested a total of ₱1,200,000
to open a store. Find each brother’s share of the investment.
4) The current (I) in an electric circuit is inversely proportional to the
resistance (R). If the current is 0.5 amperes when the resistance is
11 ohms, find the resistance when the current is 1.1 amperes.
5) In a week, Soledad made ₱1,800 by working 45 hours. If she
works for 36 hours, how much will she earn?

Values According to Francis Bacon, “There is no excellent beauty that hath not
Integration some strangeness in the proportion.”
(https://www.brainyquote.com/topics/proportion-quotes)

Take a few minutes to think about this quote.

How does this quotation teach you to be appreciative with how
proportional we are?
Assignment For Recitation: Find the missing value in each proportion.

1) a : 17 = 960 : 1,020
2) 8 : 3 = b : 5
3) 18 : 3 = 126 : m
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4) 2 : x = 10.5 : 42.0
5) 75 : 5 = 187.5 : y
6) 65 : 15 = 169 : z
7) x + 3 : x + 2 = x – 1 : x – 3 (2pts)
8) y – 2 : y – 1 = y + 4 : y – 3 (2pts)

Elenzano, M. T., et. al.(2018).Math in today’s world: Business

References mathematics. Ratio and Proportion. Philippines: Phoenix Publishing
House. (34-49)
https://www.essentiallifeskills.net/thomasaquinasquotes.html

Mr. Jezrael P. Ernas

Prepared Subject Teachers
Ms. Mikaela Mae C.
Dinglasan

Learning Area Coordinator, Mr. Johnrex S.

Checked
Math Department Ramirez

Mr. Cristito M.
Noted SHS Principal
Maclid