THE BIG FAT

A COMPREHENSIVE
LIPID CLASSIFICATION

THE BIG FAT SYSTEM

WORLD OF LIPIDS
WORLD OF LIPIDS A NATURALLY-OCCURING BIOLOGICAL COMPOUND
FATS • WAXES • OILS • PHOSPHOLIPIDS & OTHERS

Stereospecific Numbering Method (Sₙ) for Categories and its Abbreviation

NOMENCLATURE

Glycerolipids and Glycerophospholipids with

only one glycerol group. E/Z designations to illustrate double bond
geometry. Fatty Acyls FA
Spinganine and sphing-4-enine-as core
structures for spingolipid using D-erythro or R/S designations to illustrate Glycerolipids GL
2S,3R configuration and 4E geometry, stereochemistries
respectively. Glycerophospholipids GP
The use of “-lyso” as synonym to determine the
Sterols use core names such as cholestane, position that lacks a radyl group in
androstane, and estrane. glycerolipids and glycerophospholipids. Spingolipids SP

Adherence to the names for fatty acids and acyl Single nomenclature scheme and consistent
Sterol Lipids ST
chains (formyl, acetyl, propionyl, butyryl) . chain-numbering

Usage of “d” and “t” designations in shorthand Prenol Lipids PR

Condensed text nomenclature for glycan
portions of lipids: notation of sphingolipids.
Sugar residues - standard IUPA abbreviations Saccharolipids SL
Anomeric carbon locants and stereochemistry
are included. Polyketides PK

LL II P
P II D
DSS A
ARR EE
A
AMMP
PHH II P
PHHA
ATT II C
C

STRUCTURE REPRESENTATIONS
Water
hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain

Polar Head acid group

(Hydrophilic)

No glycerol group

Lipid
Bilayer Non polar tails
(Hydrophobic)

Databasing Lipids, Annotation, and Function

Hydrocarbon chains = counterclockwise

formation = more condensed structure

Lipid ID
CHARACTERS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES

1-2 Fixed database designation LM Eicosanoids:

3-4 Two letter category code FA [EICOSANOID IMAGE] HTTPS://SLIDEPLAYER.COM/SLIDE/9357552/

5-6 Two digit class code 03

7-8 Two digit subclass code 02
9 - 12 Unique four 7312 LL II P
P II D
DSS A
AC CT T A AS
S
character identifier within subclass
ST
S TO
ORRA
AGG EE FF O ORR EE N
N EE R
RGGYY
& C
CHH EE M
M II C
MESSENGERS
CAA LL
Fatty acyls [FA] Sterol Lipids [ST] Prenol Lipids [PL] MESSENGERS
- One of the most fundamental categories of biological lipids. - Subdivided primarily on the basis of - Synthesized from the five carbon
- Can be considered as the most reduced end product of the polyketide pathway. biological function. precursors isopentenyl diphosphate and
-It includes the straight-chain saturated fatty acids containing a terminal dimethylallyl diphosphate that are
carboxylic acid. Sterols [ST01] produced mainly via the mevalonic acid Fats?
Cholesterol and derivatives pathway.
Fatty acids and conjugates [FA01] [ST0101] Isoprenoids [PR01] Wax?
Octadecanoids [FA02] Steroids [ST02] Quinones and hydroquinones [PR02]
Eicosanoids [FA03] Secosteroids [ST03] Polyprenols [PR03]
Docosanoids [FA04] Bile acids and derivatives [ST04]
Steroid?
Fatty alcohols [FA05] Steroid conjugates [ST05] Saccharolipids [SL]
Fatty aldehydes [FA06] Hopanoids [ST06] - Compounds in which fatty acids are
Fatty esters [FA07] linked directly to a sugar backbone.
Sphingolipids [SP] Acylaminosugars [SL01]
Fatty amides [FA08]
- A complex family of compounds Acylaminosugar glycans [SL02]
Fatty nitriles [FA09]
that share a common structural Acyltrehaloses [SL03]
Fatty ethers [FA10]
feature. Acyltrehalose glycans [SL04]
Hydrocarbons [FA11]
Sphingoid bases [SP01]
Oxygenated hydrocarbons [FA12]
Ceramides [SP02] Polyketides [PK]
Phosphosphingolipids [SP03] - Synthesized by classic enzymes as well as
Glycerolipids [GL]
Phosphonosphingolipids [SP04] iterative and multimodular enzymes with
-Encompass all glycerol-containing lipids.
Neutral glycosphingolipids semi autonomous active sites that share
[SP05] mechanistic features with the fatty acid
Monoradylglycerols [GL01]
Acidic glycosphingolipids [SP06] synthases.
Diradylglycerols [GL02]
Basic glycosphingolipids [SP07] Macrolide polyketides [PK01]
Triradylglycerols [GL03]
Amphoteric glycosphingolipids Aromatic polyketides [PK02]
[SP08] Nonribosomal peptide/polyketide
Glycerophospholipids [GP]
Arsenosphingolipids [SP09] hybrids [PK03]
- Ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells.

Glycerophosphocholines [GP01]
Glycerophosphoethanolamines [GP02]
Scan me!
Glycerophosphoserines [GP03]
Glycerophosphoglycerols [GP04]
Glycerophosphoglycerophosphates [GP05]

&
Glycerophosphoinositols [GP06]
Glycerophosphoinositol monophosphates [GP07]

CLASSES
Glycerophosphoinositol bisphosphates [GP08]
Glycerophosphoinositol trisphosphates [GP09]
Glycerophosphates [GP10]
Glyceropyrophosphates [GP11]
Glycerophosphoglycerophosphoglycerols (cardiolipins) [GP12]
CDP-glycerols [GP13]

SUB-CLASSES
SUB-CLASSES
Glycerophosphoglucose lipids [GP14]
Glycerophosphoinositolglycans [GP15]
Glycerophosphonocholines [GP16]
Glycerophosphonoethanolamines [GP17]
Di-glycerol tetraether phospholipids (caldarchaeols) [GP18]
Glycerol-nonitol tetraether phospholipids [GP19]
Oxidized glycerophospholipids [GP20]

BIOCHEMISTRY LECTURE GROUP 10

FAHY, E. , ET. AL (2005). A COMPREHENSIVE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FOR LIPIDS. J.LIPID RES. 46: 839-861.
DOI: 10.1194/JLR.E400004-JLR200 05019 MWF 7-8AM REGIE JAPSAY
S.Y 2022 MIDTERM SHIELA MAE LIWANAG