UNIT 1: GROWING UP

Relationships, families, and early learning

Words Meaning Synonyms Collocation Example
We tried to manage the permanent
Adj + Relationship:
relationship.
+ friendly/ good/ happy/ harmonious/
healthy/ strong/ broken/ difficult/ failed/
The Vietnamese government, over the
fragile/poor/ stormy/ loving
years, has established a good
+ close/ intense/ intimate/ special
relationship with the ASEAN
+ enduring/ lasting/ permanent/ stable
countries.
+ one- to- one/ personal/ business/ working/
1. the way in which
parent-child/ master-servant/ love-hate
two people, groups, Scientists have established the
Verb + Relationship:
or countries behave relationship between lung cancer and
Bond + enjoy/ have | break off/ destroy
towards each other or smoking.
Relation + begin/ build-up/ develop/ establish/foster
deal with each other
Tie + cement: ổn định/ improve/ strengthen |
Relationship The relationship between my parents
Rapport maintain/ continue| handle/ manage
(n): mối quan hệ 2. a loving and/or and me has deepened.
Hookup Relationship + verb:
/rɪˈleɪʃnʃɪp/ sexual friendship
Connection + blossom/ deepen/ flourish/ deteriorate
between two people Hoa broke off the relationship
Conjunction + continue, last | go wrong, worsen | break
because it make her uncomfortable.
down, break up, fail
3. the way in which
Relationship + Noun:
two or more things She was having a long-term
relationship + problems/ goals/ difficulties
are connected relationship with a younger man.
Prep:
in the(a) relationship/ one's relationship to /
The relationship between Joe and
relationship between A and B
Carmen is at the heart of the film.
Phrases:
the breakdown of a relationship
Building a network of relationships is
a network/ web of relationships
necessary to easily find a new job.
have a good relationship with
Conflict (n): 1. a situation in Struggle Adj + conflict. He is in constant conflict with the
xung đột which people, groups, Rivalry + growing, increasing | constant, continued, authorities
/ˈkɒnflɪkt/ or countries disagree Engagement continuing, unresolved
strongly or are Clash + open, overt | global, internal, regional I think there is a serious conflict
involved in a serious Combat + armed, military | civil, cultural, ethnic, between science and most religions.
argument Fray family, industrial, political, social, religious
Dissension + big, great, major | bitter, serious, violent We wish to avoid conflict between our
2. a violent situation Verb + conflict countries if at all possible.
or period of fighting + bring sb/sth into, cause, come into
 + avert, avoid, prevent
Conflict management skills are very
+ handle | end, resolve, settle, solve
important in teamwork
Conflict + noun
situation | management, resolution
At the root of the culture, war is a
between two Prep
conflict between theism and atheism
countries conflict about / conflict over / conflict
between A and B/ conflict with A or B
The mayor is himself involved in local
Phrases
businesses and has been accused of a
a source of conflict, in direct conflict with sb,
conflict of interest.
a conflict of interests/ loyalties
1. to start or create an We try to establish links with local
Verb + establish
organization, a schools
+ attempt to, seek to, try to
system, etc. that is
+ help (to), help sb (to) | agree to
meant to last for a Create One should initially establish who is
+ be able to | be important to
long time Constitute liable for the tax.
Establish (v): Adv + conflict
Install
thiết lập + conclusively, definitely | empirically: theo
2. to hold a position Build up His position in the organization is now
/ɪˈstæblɪʃ/ kinh nghiệm
for long enough or Institute firmly established.
+ firmly: vững chắc, securely
succeed in something Construct
Phrases
well enough to make She was appointed to the recently
- an attempt / effort to establish sth/ recently
people accept and established Heart to Heart Charity
established / get established
respect you Office
Intimate connection with many
Adj + connection
relationships helps us to progress
+ clear, close, direct, intimate, strong
+ tenuous | obvious | causal
The quality of your life has a strong
+ loose | electrical, pipe
Network connection with how healthy your
+ good | aristocratic: quý tộc | business,
Contact relationship with other people is
family, personal, political, professional, social
Connection (n): something that Association
Verb + connection
sự liên quan connects two facts, Messenger Establish connection is important
+ have/ discover, establish, see, sever
/kəˈnekʃn/ ideas, etc. Concern when we work with computer
+ find, make, see, break, charge
Connexion
Prep
The connection between smoking and
The connection between A and B,
heart disease is well known.
connection in, connection with A or B
Phrases
We are celebrating our 60th wedding
in that connection / in this connection
anniversary in this connection.
Accommodate 1. to provide Provide Nouns + accommodate It was a large school, where a lot of
(v): cung cấp somebody with a Supply + Need, want, desire, demand, request people could be comfortably
/əˈkɒmədeɪt/ room or place to Contain Adv + accommodate accommodated.
 sleep, live or sit + Comfortably, easily
The car park can accommodate about
Verb + accommodate
Feed 200 cars.
2. to provide enough + Can/could
Cater
space for Prep
We certainly try to accommodate
somebody/something + accommodate in/ accommodate with
students with disabilities.
Adj + sibling You can tackle your parents, elder
each of two or more
Brother + Elder/older, younger siblings, or friends for possible
Sibling (n): anh children or offspring
Sister Sibling + noun placements.
em ruột having one or both
Relative + Rivalry
/ˈsɪblɪŋ/ parents in common; a
Prep There was a great sibling rivalry
brother or sister.
+ Among / between between Peter and his brother.
Fruitful Verb + rewarding I found it immensely rewarding
worth doing; that Gratifying + Be, prove | find sth working with the less able children.
Rewarding (adj):
makes you happy Productive Adv + rewarding
đáng xem
because you think it Pleasing + extremely, highly, immensely: vô cùng, I did not expect the job to be
/rɪˈwɔːdɪŋ/
is useful or important Fulfilling particularly, richly, very | intrinsically intrinsically rewarding.
+ potentially | mutually
Verb + stable
+ be, feel, look, seem | make sth Put a book under the table to keep it
+ keep sth | become | remain | stable.
1. fixed or steady; not Adv + stable
likely to move, Reliable + reassuringly, apparently, sufficiently He was not emotionally stable enough
Stable (adj): ổn change or fail Balanced + extremely, very, highly, remarkably | to think through his decision.
định Secure perfectly, quite, completely, emotionally
/ˈsteɪbl/ 2. calm and Stabile + fairly, pretty | enough, sufficiently It's reassuringly stable, yet easily
reasonable; not easily Durable + broadly, comparatively: tương đối, more or rocked to brace against side waves.
upset less, reasonably, relatively
+ enough, financially, politically He was not married, but he was in a
Stable + nouns stable relationship.
+ condition, relationship, employment
Nurture + noun In the 1980s, the talk was about
to take care of, feed, + ambition, talent, relationship, children developing, nurturing, and growing
Care
and protect someone + soul, imagination, skills, selves
Enlighten
Nurture (v): bồi or something, + statesman, seed, salmon: cá hồi, root: rễ, As a record company executive, his job
Breeding
dưỡng especially young refugee, pride, passion, mass, infancy: giai is to nurture young talent.
Education
/ˈnɜːtʃə(r)/ children or plants, đoạn trứng nước
Upbringing
and help him, her, or Nurture by s.o/sth From an early age, Mena also
it to develop + Nuture in sb a love for sth nurtured a passion for sports, often
+ Nuture a passion for sth skipping homework to play soccer.
 Adv + adopt The policy has not yet been formally
Accept + Legally, formally, officially adopted.
to take somebody Approve Verb + adopt
Adopt (v): nhận
else’s child into your Select + Tend to, decide to, be forced to Of this number, half of the families
nuôi
family and become Support Prep adopt healthy infants.
/əˈdɒpt/
its legal parent(s) Take-up + Towards
Adapt Phrases She was forced to have her baby
+ Have sb adopted adopted.
Adv + interact
to communicate with Collaborate It's interesting at parties to see how
Closely, directly, well, socially
Interact (v): somebody, especially Connect people interact socially.
tương tác while you work, play Cooperate
Prep
/ˌɪntərˈækt/ or spend time with Reach out This hormone interacts closely with
With
them Contact other hormones in the body.
Adj + rivalry Bitter ethnic rivalries within the
+ personal, political, sibling, old region have grown in recent years.
Conflict + bitter, fierce, great, intense | long-standing
a state in which two Strife + friendly | international | ethnic, personal, As we got older, our rivalry went
Rivalry (n): sự
people, companies, Struggle political, professional, sexual, sibling from just being competitive to
ganh đua
etc. are competing for Contention Rivalry + verbs becoming extremely violent.
/ˈraɪvlri/
the same thing Emulation Grow, go
Competition Prep Company culture often pits employees
+ rivalry between A and B | rivalry for sb against each other in terms of rivalry
+ rivalry with sb | rivalry from | rivalry over for promotion.
Verb + inherit He stood to inherit the property worth
stand to inherit £5 million.
to receive money, Acquire
Inherit (v): thừa property,… from sb Receive
Prep She inherited a fortune from
kế when they die Succeed
from, in her grandmother.
/ɪnˈherɪt/ Take over
Derive
Phrases How many of these traits are
be genetically inherited genetically inherited?
Relation (n): 1. the way in which Relationship Adj + relation The energy an animal uses is in direct
quan hệ two people, groups, Reference + personal, political, sexual/ cordial/ friendly/ relation to speed and body mass.
/rɪˈleɪʃn/ or countries behave Sibling harmonious/ improved | strained, causal
towards each other or Correlation + diplomatic: ngoại giao, economic/ foreign/ This settlement will resolve one of the
deal with each other Relative gender, human, industrial, international/ most vexatious problems in the field of
Cousin labor/ power/ public/ trade/ significant industrial relations.
2. the way in which Relation + verb
two or more things + cultivate, develop, establish, foster Diplomatic relations have been
 + break off, damage, sever, suspend, improve,
strengthen, bear, restore, resume | regulate broken off between the two countries.
Verb + relation
improve, deteriorate, sour, worsen Scientists eventually proved a relation
are connected Prep between smoking and lung cancer.
+ relation in, relation to, relation with, a
relation among, the relation between A and B The improvement in the skill level
Phrases before the course is shown in Fig. 1.
an improvement in relations
Adj + instinct
His biggest asset may be his political
+ primitive: nguyên thuỷ, protective, herd
instincts.
+ deep, powerful, strong | gut | first, initial
a natural quality that
+ base | basic | natural | creative | aggressive,
makes people and Even you have to surrender to your
competitive | maternal, mothering
animals tend to animal instincts every once in a while.
+ fighting, hunting, killer, predatory: săn mồi
behave in a particular Aptitude
| survival | unerring | sexual | business,
way using the Impulse They accused the campaign of
Instinct (n): bản commercial, political | animal, human
knowledge and Sentiment appealing to the electorate's baser
năng Verb + instinct
abilities that they Tendency instincts.
/ˈɪnstɪŋkt/ + have | lack | develop | share
were born with rather Feeling
+ follow, go on, obey, rely on, trust
than thought or Her instincts took over and she dived
+ ignore, suppress | satisfy | appeal to
training into the escaping thief.
Instinct + verb
+ tell sb sth | guide sb
The instinct for migration seems to be
+ take over | be right/wrong
programmed into some birds and not
Prep
others.
instinct by, instinct on, the instinct for
She grew increasingly nervous as the
Verb + close
date of the audition drew closer.
+ be | draw, get, feel, seem
close (sth) to put
Adjacent + keep, stay | become, grow | remain
something into a Both children bear a very close
Closest Adv + close
Close (adj): gần position so that it resemblance to their father.
Relative + extremely | fairly, quite | together
gũi covers an opening; to
Familiar + very | quite
/kləʊs/ get into this position The youngest boys are so close in age
Intimate Prep
that they look like twins.
+ close to, close about, close in
Phrases
In those early months, there's a very
close between A and B
close bond between mother and child.
Upbringing (n): 1. the way in which a Childhood Adj + upbringing In the end, it all comes down to the
nuôi dưỡng child is cared for and Instruction + conventional, sheltered importance of family and a good
/ˈʌpbrɪŋɪŋ/ taught how to behave Training + strict | Catholic, Jewish, etc., religious upbringing.
 + cultural | middle-class, good,….
while it is growing up Verb + upbringing
They gave their children a strict
Schooling have | give sb
Catholic upbringing.
2. the way in which Tutelage Upbringing + verb
someone is treated give sb sth, prepare sb (for sth)
Part of his upbringing had been not
and trained as a child Phrases
to question his elders.
part of your upbringing
Adj + adolescence Adolescence brings about major
early, late changes in a young person’s body.
Youth
the period in a
Adolescence (n): Teens
person's life when Verb + adolescence She developed the problem in early
tuổi trưởng thành Girlhood
they are developing Reach adolescence.
/ˌædəˈlesns/ Greenness
into an adult
Spring
Prep He had survived difficult
during, in adolescence.
Adj + bond Community demands more than
+ emotional, treasury, spiritual, close simply emotionally satisfying bonds
1. to experience and + strong | common | natural between individuals.
deal with something + long-term | government, savings | junk
painful or unpleasant Connection Verb + bond We try to forge bonds between the
Bond (n): liên without giving up Binding + be linked by, feel, have, strengthen different communities.
kết Fastening + create, develop, forge, form | break, destroy
/bɒnd/ 2. the way in Fetter + buy, invest in, purchase, put money into We must, somehow, find a way to
which atoms are held Friendship + cash in, redeem | issue, sell loosen the bonds of tradition.
together in a Bond + verb
chemical compound exist | link sb There has been a close bond between
Prep them ever since she saved him from
The bond between, bond with, a bond of drowning.
He also holds that events that are
Adv + relate
causally related must be related under
1. show or make a closely | directly, specifically, causally
some strict law.
connection between Verb + relate
Describe
two or more things - be able to, can / could | attempt to, try to
Disclose Attempts to relate studies on animals
Relate (v): kể lại - be difficult to, find sth difficult to, research
Recount to those on humans are not comparing
/rɪˈleɪt/ 2. to give a spoken or Prep
Narrate like with like.
written report of relate in, relate to
Report
something; to tell a Phrases
Traffic congestion is a major concern
story the ability to relate to sb/sth
directly related to the debate on
an attempt to relate sth
efficient prices.
Admire (v): to respect somebody Appreciate Adv + admire I really admire people who can work
 - deeply, enormously, greatly, hugely,
in such difficult conditions.
particularly, really, highly
- rather | clearly, openly | secretly
You have to admire their dedication
for what they have Cherish Verb + admire
and commitment.
done or to respect Adore have to, pause to, stop to | stand / step back to
khâm phục
their qualities Praise Prep
/ədˈmaɪə(r)/ I admired him for his courage and
Aspire admire about, admire for
determination to see his aim achieved.
Respect Phrases
- be generally / widely admired
I couldn't help but admire his
- can't / couldn't help admiring / but admire
determination.
- you can only admire sb/sth
Verb + positive He won the event in 2002 but tested
+ be, seem, sound positive for the banned substance
+ appear, sound, remain, prove, test nandrolone the year after.
Confident Adv + positive
good or useful
Specific + absolutely, quite, fairly, impressively The outlook was impressively positive
Positive (adj): directed at dealing
Decisive + distinctly, extremely, highly, and upbeat.
tích cực with something or
Probable overwhelmingly, really, very, strongly
/ˈpɒzətɪv/ producing a
Certain + entirely, wholly | fairly, mildly, moderately, They will be confident of a positive
successful result
quite | broadly, essentially, generally start against the Mexicans once more.
+ apparently, seemingly, weakly
Prep She is feeling rather positive about the
positive for, positive about, positive of event today.
Adv + coordinate We coordinated with other companies
to organize the
Correlative Carefully to ensure the command was aware of
Coordinate (v): different parts of the
Counterpart Prep these activities.
điều phối activity and the
Equalized with
/kəʊˈɔːdɪneɪt/ people involved in it
Parallel Phrases A coordinated approach is key for
so that it works well
a coordinated approach/ policy/ program open access.
Verb + emotional Having all her friends around her
+ be, feel, look, sound made her very emotional.
1. connected with
+ become, get, grow, make sb
people’s feelings (= Exciting
Adv + emotional All of these reports focused heavily on
Emotional (adj): with the emotions) Passionate
+ deeply, extremely, highly, very the emotional intensity of Blair's
đa cảm Affecting
+ quite, rather speech.
/ɪˈməʊʃənl/ 2. having and Sensitive
Prep
expressing strong Psychological
emotional about, emotional at Don't be so emotional about
feelings
Phrases everything!
in an emotional state He was in a very emotional state.
Research (n): 1. A careful study Adj + research He has carried out extensive research
 + pioneering, military, empirical
+ detailed, in-depth, painstaking | extensive
into renewable energy sources.
+ basic | original | further | ground-breaking
+ collaborative | academic, clinical, historical,
One paper based on research
medical, scientific, social, space, qualitative
conducted at Oxford suggested that the
Verb + research
drug may cause brain damage.
carry out, conduct, undertake, be based on
that is done to find
Research + verb
and report new The article was extensively
+ demonstrate sth, indicate sth, prove sth,
knowledge about Inquiry researched, with hundreds of
reveal sth, show sth, suggest sth, produce sth,
something Inquisition American teenagers talking about their
tìm kiếm yield sth
Rummage sex lives
/rɪˈsɜːtʃ/ Adv + research
2. to study a subject Inquisition
/ˈriːsɜːtʃ/ + carefully, exhaustively, extensively | poorly
in detail, especially to Investigation Their latest research project will be
+ fully, meticulously, properly, thoroughly
discover new looking-for funded by the government.
Research + nouns
information or reach
+ degree | effort, program, project, work
a new understanding He has carried out extensive research
+ methods | findings, results | purposes
into renewable energy sources.
+ center, institute, laboratory | assistant,
group, student, team, worker | grant
An area of research that has taken
Prep
self-leadership strategies and applied
research for, research into, research on
them to sports is sports psychology
Phrases
an area of research
Verb + sophisticated
having a lot of These people are very sophisticated
+ be, feel, look, seem | become, get
experience of the observers of the foreign policy scene.
Insincere Adv + sophisticated
world and knowing
Sophisticated Wily + highly, very, extremely, highly, very
about fashion, I have any books that would suit your
(adj): tinh vi Crafty | quite, rather | enough, sufficiently
culture, and other sophisticated tastes.
/səˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd/ Insidious + intellectually, politically
things that people
Leery + increasingly | fairly, pretty, quite, rather,
think are socially She was a highly sophisticated and
relatively | enough, sufficiently
important elegant woman.
+ technically, technologically
Figure (n): con 1. a number Amount Adj + figure In 1978, financial figures revealed
số representing a Number + political, religious, financial that the average house price in London
/ˈfɪɡə(r)/ particular amount, Rate + high | low | double, single | accurate, exact | was £16, 731.
especially one given Price approximate, ballpark, rough, round
in official Shape + real, reliable, true | official | latest | inflated There was positive news in the labor
information Form + target | sales, trade, unemployment, viewing market, with unexpectedly good
+ great | central, important, influential, key, unemployment figures.
2. a symbol rather leading, prominent, respected, well-known
 No attendance figures were released,
+ public | national | senior | familiar | unlikely
but only 1,500 of the 7,000 published
+ authority, dominant | parental - tragic |
programs were sold.
comic, ridiculous | cult, legendary
+ historical | government, opposition
Lots of different figures were being
Verb + figure
than a word bandied about.
reach, cut, have | keep | add (together/up) |
representing one of
release | watch | lose | be bandied about
the numbers between The industry remains in the doldrums,
Figure + verb
0 and 9 according to official figures out
add up | be bandied about, show sth
today.
Phrases
+ according to (the) figures, in round figure 2
If you want to be successful in
figures, good/bad at figures
business, you must have a good head
+ have a head for figures
for figures.
Adj + launch
The police immediately launched a
1. launch + official, press, public
nationwide search for the killer.
something to start an + successful | imminent | book, campaign,
activity, especially an product | balloon, rocket, satellite, shuttle
Illness prevented her from attending
organized one Barrage Verb + launch
the launch party for her latest novel.
Launch (n): Throw + get (sth) ready for, prepare (sth) for
phóng, chạy 2. to make a product Set up + announce | mark | coincide with
They are preparing for the launch of
/lɔːntʃ/ or service available to Initiate + attend, speak at, delay, postpone, put off
the new campaign next month.
the public for the first Dart Launch + noun
time; to become date | party | pad, site
The next big step in our effort to
available for the first Prep
conquer space was the launch of the
time + after/following/since the ~
space shuttle in 1981.
+ at a/the | for, of
Adj + contact
The Foreign Office is currently in
+ close | regular | direct
close contact with the Indian
+ face-to-face
Connect authorities.
the act of Verb + contact
Contact (n): tiếp Approach
communicating with + be in, have | come into, establish, get in,
xúc Dealing You should make contact with them
somebody, especially make
/ˈkɒntækt/ Touch by email before you call.
regularly + put sb in | keep, maintain, stay in
Glance
+ break off | lose
The organization put me in contact
Prep
with other people in a similar position
between/ with
Respond (v): 1. to give a spoken or Counter Adv + respond We do not have a strategy. We merely
phản hồi written answer to Reply + immediately, instantly | promptly, quickly, respond to ideas from local people.
/rɪˈspɒnd/ somebody/something Come back rapidly, swiftly
 + enthusiastically, favorably, positively, well The surrealism that people are
+ forcefully, vigorously | adequately, probably responding to is just part of
appropriately, constructively, intelligently the process.
+ adversely, aggressively | cautiously, coolly |
sensitively, sympathetically | generously She wasn't sure how he was likely to
+ magnificently | accordingly | readily respond.
+ directly | automatically, instinctively |
2. to do something as
Answer flexibly | differently | merely, simply The demonstrators threw stones and
a reaction to
React + emotionally, imaginatively | in kind the police responded with tear gas.
something that
Get back to Verb + respond
somebody has said or
+ be able/unable to | be likely to The federal agency failed to respond
done
+ fail to | be slow to | enable sb to to the petition within a reasonable
Prep time.
respond by, respond to, respond with
Phrases A person’s willingness to respond to a
an ability/ a capacity, a willingness to particular stimulus is called response
respond, a failure to respond criteria
Adj + communication
Doctors do not always have good
+ effective, good
communication skills.
+ poor | direct | open | two-way |
interpersonal | regular | electronic, non-
1. the activity or Snow has prevented communication
verbal, verbal, written | business
process of expressing with the outside world for three days.
Verb + communication
ideas and feelings or
Transmission + have | establish | facilitate, improve |
of giving people The successful applicant for the
Contact prevent
Communication information position will be a well-motivated self-
Connection Communication + verb
(n): giao tiếp starter who has excellent
Contexture break down
/kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃn/ 2. methods of sending communication skills.
Coherence Communication + noun
information,
Connexion skills | breakdown
especially phones, There's very little communication
Prep
radio, computers, etc. between mother and daughter.
in| between | by | with
or roads and railways
Phrases
With no phone or radio equipment,
+ a breakdown in communication(s)
they had no means of
+ channels/lines of communication
communication.
+ a lack of communication
Demand (n): yêu 1. a very strong Requirement Adj + demand There have been renewed demands
cầu request for Call + legitimate, realistic, reasonable for the government to take action to
/dɪˈmɑːnd/ something; Order + unrealistic, unreasonable | radical | urgent | reduce crime.
something that Claim central, key, main, major | fresh, new, renewed
somebody needs Petition + growing, increasing | pay, ransom, wage Demands have been made for the
 + written | financial, political | government, immediate distribution of food to the
opposition, popular, public, royal, union refugees.
+ domestic, export, foreign, local, worldwide
2. the desire or need Verb + demand Campaigners have stepped up their
of customers for + issue, make, present, press, put forward demands for immediate government
Desire
goods or services that + renew, repeat, step up | reject, resist action.
they want to buy or + face | respond to | agree to, give in to, meet,
use satisfy, yield to There have been new demands for the
Prep. government to take action to reduce
on | ~ for, ~ from crime.
Adj + offer
This offer is available exclusively to
+ generous, kind | conditional, unconditional
our established customers.
Suggestion + job | peace
to say that you are
Offer (n): lời đề Proposal
willing to give He made me an offer I simply
nghị Proposition Verb + offer
something to couldn't refuse
/ˈɒfə(r)/ Overture + make (sb) | withdraw
somebody
Provide + accept, take up | decline, refuse, turn down
I had to turn down a job offer from a
Prep
theatre because the pay was too low.
on | from | of
Adv + behave
+ impeccably, perfectly, well | aggressively, Children, if they are used to being
badly, disgracefully, outrageously | naturally treated with respect, will behave
Act + appropriately, correctly, properly, accordingly.
Behave (v): xử to do things in a way Operate responsibly
sự that people think is Take + improperly, irresponsibly | rationally, She always behaves badly when her
/bɪˈheɪv/ correct or polite Perform reasonably | stupidly, unreasonably | normally aunts come to visit.
React + oddly, out of character, strangely,
suspiciously | accordingly He behaved as if nothing out of the
Prep ordinary was happening.
as if/though | like | towards
Experience (n): the knowledge and Encounter Adj + experience The course provides hands-on
kinh nghiệm skill that you have  Perambulate + considerable, long, wide | good, invaluable, experience with various systems.
/ɪkˈspɪəriəns/ gained through doing Undergo relevant, unrivaled, valuable
something for some Go through + previous | direct, first-hand, hands-on, She wanted to broaden her
time; the process of  Acquirement practical experience in international affairs.
gaining this s + professional, work
Verb + experience The experience of pain varies from
have | lack | gain, get | broaden one person to another.
Prep
of The veteran goalkeeper will bring a
 Phrases
wealth of experience to the team.
a lack of experience, a wealth of experience
Produce Adv + publish Her books have never been widely
to print a letter, an
Print + recently | posthumously published in the US.
Publish (v): công article, etc. in a
Broadcast + anonymously
bố newspaper or
Proclaim Verb + publish The press should be free to publish
/ˈpʌblɪʃ/ magazine and sell it
Promulgate + decide to | intend to, plan to, refuse to and comment on all aspects of political
to the public
Profess + dare (to) | be free to and social life.
Adj + company
During the recession, many small
+ big, large, major, medium-sized | start-up
companies went out of business.
+ small | touring | ballet, theatre, bus, record
+ associated, commercial, joint-stock, private,
Her husband has worked for the same
public | international, multi-national | trading
company for 18 years.
Verb + company
+ create, establish, form, found, set up, start
a business Hargreaves lost thousands when the
(up) | manage, operate, run | acquire, buy, take
organization that Community company went bankrupt.
over | dissolve | work for
makes, buys, or sells Business
Company (n): + join | leave, resign from
goods or provides Office I'd rather you didn't mention it when
công ty Company + verb
services in exchange Corporation we're in the company
/ˈkʌmpəni/ + make sth, produce sth
for money Consortium
+ expand, grow | shrink | fail, go bankrupt, go
If I was offered the chance to have this
bust, go into liquidation, go out of business,
as my company car I would be very
go to the wall, go under
happy indeed.
Company + noun
director, policy, profits | car
A director of a company handles the
Prep
day-to-day operations, including the
in a/the | within a/the
business and financial operations of a
Phrases
company.
a director of a company
Approach (n): a way of dealing with Access Adj + approach The modern approach to grammar
cách tiếp cận somebody/something; Advance + conventional, orthodox, traditional | teaching should make it easier to learn.
/əˈprəʊtʃ/ a way of doing or Procedure alternative, different, fresh, new, novel
thinking about Process + cautious, conservative | creative, innovative | Three other marker pairs showed
something such as a Proceed toward flexible | direct, no-nonsense, practical, deviations approaching the 0.01
problem or a task pragmatic, problem-solving, rational, useful level.
+ indirect | analytical, scientific, structured,
systematic, theoretical | holistic, integrated In Pisces, collective thinking
+ basic, general | objective | simplistic approaches the most mystical level
Verb + approach possible.
+ have | adopt, develop, take, try, use
 + favor, prefer If you'd ever approached me with that
Prep request I'd have declined and handed
approach to approach sb with you back your tip.
The defense accused the prosecution of
Adj + evidence
withholding crucial evidence.
+ abundant, considerable, extensive, plentiful,
substantial, widespread | clear, compelling,
There is no scientific evidence to
conclusive | fresh | crucial, valuable, vital
suggest that underwater births are
+ irrefutable, overwhelming, persuasive,
dangerous.
powerful, solid, striking, strong,
unambiguous, unequivocal | adequate |
There is only circumstantial evidence
flimsy, inadequate
against her, so she is unlikely to be
+ insufficient, scant | concrete, direct, firm,
convicted.
first-hand, objective, tangible
+ anecdotal, archaeological, circumstantial,
The police believe he is the thief, but
empirical, experimental, factual, forensic,
1. the facts, signs, or all the evidence suggests otherwise.
formal, photographic, statistical, visible
objects that make you
Verb + evidence
believe that Scientists have found fresh evidence
Proof + have | look for| accumulate, collect, come
something is true to suggest that a huge explosion led to
Confirmation up with, find, gather, obtain, produce
Evidence (n): the death of the dinosaurs.
Documentation + offer (sb), provide (sb with), show (sb),
chứng cứ 2. one or more
Attestation give, present (sb with)
/ˈevɪdəns/ reasons for believing The police officer took a statement
Witness + consider, examine, study | review | cite (sth
that something is or is which was later used in evidence.
Earnest as) | use sth in | hear | admit, allow | exclude
not true
Evidence + verb
The evidence pointed to the existence
+ exist | come to light, emerge | accumulate
of an international smuggling network.
+ confirm sth, demonstrate sth, establish sth,
point to sth, show sth, suggest sth, support sth
Archaeologists found evidence of a
+ be based on sth, be derived from sth
rich and varied culture at the
+ implicate sb/sth, link sb/sth
settlement.
Prep
+ as | in | on | on the ~ of, about
The company denies, in the face of
+ ~ concerning, ~ regarding, ~ relating to
overwhelming evidence, that smoking
+ against | ~ for | ~ of | ~ on
causes cancer.
Phrases
in the face/teeth of evidence | in the light of
Contractors must provide evidence of
evidence | lack of evidence | not a scrap/shred
valid permits before they may begin
of evidence
any work.
Colleague (n): a person that you Companion Adj + colleague He is described by party colleagues as
đồng nghiệp work with, especially Teammate close, trusted | junior, senior | female, male | a workaholic.
 Please read this memo carefully and
in a profession or a Partner professional, work | academic, business, hand it on to your colleagues.
/ˈkɒliːɡ/
business Comrade medical | cabinet, parliamentary
Her work is highly esteemed by all her
colleagues.
Adj + taste
+ delicious, fresh, pleasant, refreshing | I don't think garden gnomes are in very
distinctive | pungent, rich, strong | bland, mild good taste.
+ foul, nasty, unpleasant | creamy, metallic,
salty, sharp, smooth, sour, spicy | authentic You need to use fresh herbs to get the
the particular quality
Aftertaste + little | real | first authentic Italian taste.
that different foods
Piquancy Verb + taste
and drinks have that
Taste (n): mùi vị Sapidity have | leave | spoil, get | enhance, improve | Don't have a cigarette now? You'll
allows you to
/teɪst/ Flavor enjoy, savor | disguise, take away | give sb, spoil the taste of your food!
recognize them when
Foretaste provide sb with
you put them in your
Savor Taste + noun Have a taste of the sauce and tell me if
mouth
buds 2 a taste it needs salt.
Prep
~ of The new appraisal scheme is only a
Phrases taste of things to come.
a taste of things to come
Adv + identify
+ accurately, correctly, closely, strongly, We have not yet clearly identified the
clearly | easily, readily | tentatively source of the pollution.
+ falsely, wrongly | positively | clearly,
to recognize Classify
unambiguously, unequivocally | formally It is understood the delay lies in
somebody/something Determine
Identify (v): Verb + identify formally identifying the remains.
and be able to say Pinpoint
nhận dạng + be able/unable to, can/ could
who or what they are Find
/aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/ + be easy to, be possible to | be difficult to | be The newspaper declined to identify
Detect
necessary to | attempt to, seek to, try to | be the source of the allegations.
Explore
used to, enable sb to, help to | decline to
Phrases There is also a strong tendency to
+ a means/way of, identifying sb/sth identify the court with absolute rule.
+ identify with sb, identify sb with sth
Talent (n): tài 1. a natural ability to Genius Adj + talent The company has shown that it can
năng do something well Capacity + considerable, enormous, exceptional, attract and retain top talent.
/ˈtælənt/ Expertise extraordinary, formidable, genuine, great,
2. people or a person Aptitude major, outstanding, prodigious, rare, real, He's considered one of the greatest
with a natural ability Competence remarkable, tremendous, undoubted, unique talents in the programming world.
 + God-given, inborn, innate, natural, raw
+ hidden, undiscovered | mediocre | fresh
She has a keen eye for spotting talent.
+ young | precocious | home-grown, local | top
United has unearthed a real talent in
+ acting, artistic, creative, literary,
this young defender.
managerial, musical, scientific, vocal, writing
Verb + talent
Other industries facing a talent
+ have, possess | demonstrate, display, reveal,
shortage can easily outsource jobs
show | flaunt, show off
overseas.
+ direct, redirect, turn | recognize, spot,
to do something well Qualification unearth
Late in life, she showed a talent for
+ build (on), cultivate, develop, harness, make
understanding technical briefings.
the most of, nurture, realize, utilize | squander
Talent + noun
Hollywood directors have a marvelous
scout, spotter | competition, contest, show
pool of acting talent to draw from.
Prep
of | with/without | for
The new venture aims to find and
Phrases
polish the next generation of showbiz
+ a man/woman, of many talents,
talent.
+ a pool of talent | a wealth of talent
Verb + common
Working from home has become
+ be, seem | become | remain
happening often; Familiar increasingly common.
Adv + common
existing in large Prevalent
Common (adj): + extremely, very | increasingly | fairly, quite
numbers or in many General They hold the property as tenants in
phổ thông Prep
places Frequent common.
/ˈkɒmən/ to
Universal
Phrases
Joint One common cause of homelessness
+ have sth in common
is separation or divorce.
+ hold sth in common | in common with
You have to try to keep active as you
Verb + active
grow older.
be | become | keep | remain
involved in Operating Adv + active
Both of his parents were very
something; making a Effective + extremely, highly, very
Active (adj): tích politically active.
determined effort and Valid + increasingly | fairly, quite, reasonably |
cực
not leaving Energetic equally
/ˈæktɪv/ A minority of children are sexually
something to happen Spirited + mentally, physically | sexually
active before they are in their teens.
by itself Effectual + economically, politically
Prep
He expects to remain active in
against | in
commodity trading in London.
Supportive (adj): encouraging Sympathetic Verb + supportive However, personal partners and close
 be, seem | become | remain | find sb family remain supportive.
Adv + supportive
+ extremely, highly, incredibly, strongly, very, He and his family were extremely
somebody or giving Assistant
ủng hộ wonderfully supportive of the relationship.
them help or Help
/səˈpɔːtɪv/ + entirely, fully, totally, wholly
sympathy Encouraging
+ broadly, generally, largely | mutually Maybe being emotionally supportive
Prep to others over the last few days has left
of | to me drained.
Verb + determined
After the fire, we were determined to
Tenacious appear, be, look, seem, sound | become |
having decided to do pick up the pieces and get the business
Determined Specified remain | make sb
something and not back on its feet.
(adj): xác định Definite Adv + determined
letting anyone
/dɪˈtɜːmɪnd/ Confirmatory + really, very | absolutely, quite, utterly
prevent you They were quite determined that he
Determinant + fairly | clearly, obviously | fiercely, grimly
wasn't going to do it.
+ quietly | resolutely
Our team was given the assignment to
Adj + assignment
find the gaps in the market.
special | important | dangerous, difficult, tough
having made a Job | business, work | modeling, photographic
All parties involved in vehicle
Assignment (n): definite decision to Homework Verb + assignment
assignment, issue, and maintenance
phân công do something and not Chore accept, take on
should participate.
/əˈsaɪnmənt/ letting anyone Practice | carry out | refuse
prevent you Appointment | complete, finish | give sb
She first visited Norway on
Prep
assignment for the winter Olympics
on ~
ten years ago.
Trade (n): sự the activity of buying Trade Adj + trade All around the pyramids, salespeople
giao dịch and selling or of Dealership + brisk, flourishing, lively, roaring, thriving | were doing a roaring trade in
/treɪd/ exchanging goods or Salesmanship lucrative, profitable | external, international, souvenirs.
services between Transaction overseas | domestic, inter-regional, regional |
people or countries Deal import-export | direct, indirect | fair The countries were locked in a trade
Negotiation + legal, legitimate | illegal, illicit | bilateral, war, refusing to allow imports of each
Exchange mutual | unilateral | coastal, maritime | other's goods.
agricultural, commercial | retail, wholesale |
fur, slave, timber, wine, wool | evil The country's trade in manufactured
Verb + trade goods has expanded in the last ten
carry on, conduct, do, engage in, ply | boost, years.
build up, develop, expand, increase, promote |
damage, harm | lose | ban, restrict In the meantime, the shares will
Trade + noun continue to trade on the open market.
+ performance, statistics | surplus | deficit, gap|
 barrier, blockade, boycott, embargo,
restrictions, sanctions | tariff | dispute, war Today there is growing trade in
+ liberalization | concessions | accord, services and intellectual property.
agreement, deal, pact, protocol, treaty |
negotiations, talks | cooperation, links, The employees were fired for
relations | policy, practice divulging trade secrets to a
+ rules | delegation, mission | exhibition | competitor.
official, representative | center | route | cycle
+ association, union, body, group, It's clear his uncertain status limits
organization | buyer, customer | directory | what Philadelphia can demand in a
journal, magazine, press | information, secret trade.
Trade + verb
boom, expand, increase, pick up | decline, fall Trade between the Adriatic ports and
Prep their hinterland had grown.
in a/the ~ | ~ between | ~ in | ~ with
Adj + decline
+ catastrophic, considerable, dramatic, Orders for new ships are rising, after
drastic, massive, marked, precipitate, several years of steady decline.
precipitous, rapid, serious, sharp, significant,
steep, Substantial A quarter of manufacturers reported a
+ gentle, gradual, modest, slight, slow | decline in production.
1. to become smaller, Deterioration
continuing, progressive, steady
fewer, weaker, etc. Downturn
Decline (v): sụt + general, long-term, overall | absolute, It is unlikely that this heralds a
Drop
giảm inevitable, inexorable, irreversible, terminal | decline in the total fertility of these
2. to refuse politely to Recession
/dɪˈklaɪn/ industrial, moral, political, urban | national cohorts.
accept or to do Slump
Verb + decline
something Weakening
fall into, go into, suffer | cause, lead to | arrest, This section of the market has slowly
halt, stop | prevent | accelerate | see declined in importance.
Prep
in ~ | on the ~ | ~ in | ~ of The number of full-time staff has
Phrases declined from 300 to just 50.
the decline and fall of sth
Manufacture manufacture Make Adj + manufacture They commenced large-scale
(v): chế tạo something to make Fabricate + large-scale, small-scale | commercial, commercial manufacture of the
/ˌmænju goods in large Produce industrial | local | drug, food chairs in January.
ˈfæktʃə(r)/ quantities, using Construct + metal, steel, etc. | cloth, cotton, textile,
machines Create woolen, etc. | car, vehicle, etc. The date of manufacture of the
Fabricate Verb + manufacture jewelry has not been authenticated.
commence, start | complete | be engaged in
Manufacture + verb Most imitation guns are specifically
 start manufactured to be exact replicas.
Phrases
costs of manufacture, date of manufacture | the He then had to manufacture a fake
method/process of manufacture loan to cover the loan he had agreed to.
Adj + recruitment
She has set up her own executive
large/large-scale | annual | forced | labor, staff |
recruitment business in Paris.
executive, graduate | army, military, police
Recruitment + noun
Business They joined, just like Gordon, during
the act or process of policy | strategy | procedure, process |
Recruitment (n): finding new people to Contracting the army recruitment drive.
campaign, drive, program | market | agency,
Enrollment
tuyển dụng join a company, an consultancy, service | consultant, manager,
Hiring That is why the recruitment industry
/rɪˈkruːtmənt/ organization, the officer, specialist
Job has grown enormously over the past 10
armed forces,… Prep
Service years.
~ by | ~ into/to
Phrases
One source of recruitment is the civil
a method of recruitment, a source of
service.
recruitment