12 ir, f¾Çh ;, rEm

fuu mdvu wOHhkh lsÍfuka Tng"

² ;s%fldaKh" RcqfldaKdi%h" iup;=ri%h" ;%mSishu" iudka;rdi%h
hk ir, f¾Çh ;, rEmj, ,laIK y÷kd .ekSug" yelshdj
,efí'

12'1 ;, rEm

wms uq,ska u ;,hla ms<sn| j wjOdkh fhduq lruq'
fmd;" l¿,E,a," lEu fïih iy oekaùï mqjrej jeks tAjdfha u;=msg
tl u ;,hl msysghs'

oeka wms f¾Ld LKav ms<sn| j u;la lr .ksuq'

my;ska oelafjkafka ir, f¾Ld LKavhla iy jl% f¾Ld LKavhla fõ'

ir, f¾Ld LKavhla jl% f¾Ld LKavhla

ir, f¾Ld LKav iy jl% f¾Ld LKavj,ska iukaú;" tl u ;,hl w¢k
,o rEm .‚;fha § ;, rEm f,i y÷kajkq ,efí' my; oelafjkafka
;, rEm lsysmhls'

fnda,hl u;=msg iu;, fkdjk ksid" fnda,h u;= msg we|

we;s rEmhla ;, rEmhla fkdfõ'
fnda,hla
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 1
 12'2 ixjD; ;, rEm iy újD; ;, rEm
f¾Ld LKavj,ska iïmQ¾Kfhka u jg ù we;s my; oelafjk wdldrfha
;, rEm ixjD; ;, rEm fõ'

f¾Ld LKavj,ska iïmQ¾Kfhka u jgù fkdue;s my; oelafjk
wdldrfha ;, rEm újD; ;, rEm fõ'

12'1 wNHdih

(1) my; oelafjk ;, rEmj,ska ixjD; ;, rEm f;dard" tAjdfha wlaIr

,shd olajkak'

(a) (b) (c)

(d) (e) (f)

(g) (h) (i) (j)

2 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

 12'3 ir, f¾Çh ;, rEm
ir, f¾Ld LKavj,ska muKla iukaú; ixjD; ;, rEm lsysmhla
i|yd WodyrK my; oelafõ' fujeks rEm ixjD; ir, f¾Çh ;, rEm
fõ'

fuu rEmh ir, f¾Ld LKavj,ska muKla iukaú;

jqj;a" th ixjD; fkdjk ksid ixjD; ir, f¾Çh ;,
rEmhla fkdfõ'

fuu rEmh ixjD; jk kuq;a" ir, f¾Ld LKavj,ska

muKla iukaú; fkdjk ksid ixjD; ir, f¾Çh ;,
rEmhla fkdfõ'

12'2 wNHdih

(1) my; oelafjk rEm igyka w;=ßka ixjD; ir, f¾Çh ;, rEm
f;dard" tAjdfha wlaIr ,shd olajkak'

(a) (b) (c)

(d) (e) (f) (g)

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 3

 12'4 ir, f¾Çh ;, rEmj, wx.
ir, f¾Çh ;, rEmhl tla tla f¾Ld LKavh" tys mdohla f,i
ye¢kafõ'

mdohla mdohla

my; oelafjk wdldrhg" ir, f¾Çh ;, rEmj, mdo 2la yuq ùfuka
rEmfha we;=<; iEfok fldaKh" ;, rEmfha fldaKhla f,i ye¢kafõ'

fldaKhla
fldaKhla

12'5 ;s%fldaKh iy p;=ri%h

ir, f¾Ld LKav ;=klska iukaú; iy ir, f¾Ld LKav y;rlska
iukaú; ixjD; ir, f¾Çh ;, rEm ms<sn| j" jeäÿr úuid n,uq'
mdo 3la we;s ixjD; ir, f¾Çh ;, rEmhla ;s%fldaKhla f,i ye¢kafõ'

;s%fldaKhl mdo 3la iy fldaK 3la we;'

mdo 4la we;s ixjD; ir, f¾Çh ;, rEmhla p;=ri%hla f,i ye¢kafõ'

p;=ri%hl mdo 4la iy fldaK 4la we;'

4 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

 p;=ri%hl tlsfkl yuq fkdjk mdo hq.,
2la we;' tjeks hq.,hlg iïuqL mdo
hq.,hla he hs lshkq ,efí'
fuys ks,a mdáka olajd we;s mdo hq.,h"
tla iïuqL mdo hq.,hlss'
r;= mdáka olajd we;s mdo hq.,h" wfkla
iïuqL mdo hq.,h fõ'

●● p;=ri%j, úúO wjia:d yd tajdfha ,laIK

Rcq uq,a,la Ndú;fhka iq¿ fldaK" Rcq fldaK yd uyd fldaK fjkalr
y÷kd .ekSug yels nj wms fldaK mdvfï § bf.k .;af;uq'
;j o fldgq oe,l we| we;s ir, f¾Çh ;, rEmfha tla tla mdofha
È. yd iïuqL mdo w;r mr;rh wod< fldgq .Kka lsÍfuka fidhd .;
yels h'

rEmfha oelafjk p;=ri%fha"

²² ks,a mdáka oelaafjk tla tla mdofha È." fldgq 9l È.g iudk fõ'
²² r;= mdáka olajd we;s tla tla mdofha È." fldgq 7l È.g iudk fõ'
²² ish¨ fldaK Rcq fldaK fõ'
²² ks,a mdg iïuqL mdo hq.,h w;r mr;rh fldgq 7l È.g iudk fõ'
²² r;= mdg iïuqL mdo hq.,h w;r mr;rh fldgq 9l È.g iudk fõ'

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 5

oeka wms my; l%shdldrlfuys kshe,Sfuka" p;=ri%j, úúO wjia:d yd
,laIK y÷kd .ksuq'

ls%hdldrlu 1
²² fldaK i|yd Rcq uq,a,la Ndú; lsÍfuka yd
²² È. i|yd fldgq .Kka lsÍfuka fyda kQ,la Ndú; lsÍfuka fyda
fjk;a l%uhla fhdod .ksñka fyda
my; i|yka p;=ri%j," § we;s ,laIK ksjerÈ nj ;yjqre lr.kak'

(1) ;%mSishu
,laIK(
²² iïuqL mdo hq., foflka wvqu
;rñka tla iïuqL mdo hq.,hla
j;a tl u mr;rhlska msysghs'

(2) iudka;rdi%h
,laIK(
²² tla tla iïuqL mdo hq.,hg
wh;a mdo tl u mr;rhlska
msysghs'
²² iïuqL mdo È.ska iudk fõ'

(3) frdïnih
,laIK(
²² tla tla iïuqL mdo hq.,hg
wh;a mdo tl u mr;rhlska
msysghs'
²² ish¨ mdo È.ska iudk fõ'

6 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'
(4) RcqfldaKdi%h
,laIK(
²² tla tla iïuqL mdo hq.,hg wh;a
mdo tl u mr;rhlska msysghs'
²² iïuqL mdo È.ska iudk fõ'
²² ish¨ fldaK Rcq fldaK fõ'

(5) iup;=ri%h
,laIK(
²² tla tla iïuqL mdo hq.,h tl u
mr;rhlska msysghs'
²² ish¨ mdo È.ska iudk fõ'
²² ish¨ fldaK Rcq fldaK fõ'

12'3 wNHdih
(1) my; oelafjk tla tla ;, rEmhg my<ska ,shd we;s ;, rEmj,
kduj,ska § we;s ;, rEmh ye¢kaùug yels kduh f;dard jryka
;=<  ,l=K o fkdyels kï × ,l=K o fhdokak'

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

iup;=ri%h ^ & iup;=ri%h ^ & iup;=ri%h ^ & iup;=ri%h ^ &
RcqfldaKdi%h ^ & RcqfldaKdi%h ^ & RcqfldaKdi%h ^ & ;%mSishu ^ &
;s%fldaKh ^ & ;s%fldaKh ^ & iudka;rdi%h ^ & ;s%fldaKh ^ &

(v) (vi) (vii) (viii)

iup;=ri%h ^ & iudka;rdi%h ^ & ;%mSishu ^ & iup;=ri%h ^ &
;%mSishu ^ & iup;=ri%h ^ & iudka;rdi%h ^ & ;s%fldaKh ^&
RcqfldaKdi%h ^ & RcqfldaKdi%h ^ & iup;=ri%h ^ &

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 7

(2) fldgqrE,a wNHdi fmdf;a" my; i|yka tla tla j¾.fha
tlsfklg fjkia ;, rEm fol ne.ska w|skak'
(i) iup;=ri%h (ii) RcqfldaKdi%h (iii) iudka;rdi%h (iv) ;%mSishu

(3) fldgq lvodishl we| we;s fudaia;rhla my; oelafõ'

(i) th wNHdi fmdf;a msgm;a lr.kak'
(ii) msgm;a lr.;a fudai;
a rfha we;s my; i|yka ir, f¾Çh ;, rEm
y÷kd .kak' Tn y÷kd.;a rEmj, we;=<;" tla tla j¾.hg" tla
j¾Khla fhdod mdg lrkak'
(a) ;s%fldaKh (b) iup;=ri%h (c) iudka;rdi%h (d) ;%mSishu

ls%hdldrlu 2

my; § we;s rEmh ldâfndaâ tll msgm;a lr.kak'

(i) a, b iy c fldgia fjka jk fia lmd .kak'
(ii) lmd .;a fldgia Ndú;fhka my; i|yka ;, rEm ilia lrkak'

8 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

 len,s ;, rEmh
a, b ;s%fldaKh
a, b, c ;s%fldaKh
a, b ;%mSishu
a, b, c iup;=ri%h" RcqfldaKdi%h" iudka;rdi%h

a
b

idrdxYh

² ir, f¾Ld LKav ;=klska iukaú; ixjD; ir, f¾Çh ;, rEmh

;%sfldaKhla f,i y÷kajhs'
² ir, f¾Ld LKav y;rlska iukaú; ixjD; ir, f¾Çh ;, rEmh
p;=ri%hla f,i y÷kajhs'
² ;%mSishu" wvqu ;rñka tla iïuqL mdo hq.,hla j;a tl u mr;rhlska
msysgk p;=ri%hls'
² iudka;rdi%h" tla tla iïuqL mdo hq.,h tl u mr;rhlska msysgk
p;=ri%hls'
² RcqfldaKdi%h" ish¨ fldaK Rcq fldaK jk iudka;rdi%hls'
² iup;=ri%h" ish¨ mdo È.ska iudk RcqfldaKdi%hls'

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 9