Professional

Practice and Construction

Management /Professional
Practice and Office Management
Who is a professional?
 Who is a professional?
Who is a professional?
- A professional is basically an expert, a specialist who is skilled
and competent in a certain discipline. He/She is expected to
conform to the standards of skill, competence and character
normally expected of a properly qualified person in a work
environment.
A Quantity Surveyor is generally defined as professional working
in the construction industry, concerned with construction costs
and contracts.
An Architect is generally defined as a professional working in the
construction industry, concerned with design, supervision &
creation of spaces.
 Who is a professional?
The Architect
The Architect is a restricted title under Cap 525 of the Laws of Kenya.
• Age 21 years and above and
• Has had a minimum of five years of approved training
• Has been admitted as a corporate member of an
approved professional institution whose qualifications for such
admission are not less than those set out in subparagraph (i) of this
paragraph.
• Has had a minimum of two years of professional experience in
Kenya to the satisfaction of the BOARD or has satisfied the BOARD
that he has otherwise acquired an adequate knowledge of Kenya
building contract procedures and
 Who is a professional?
The Quantity Surveyor
Quantity Surveyor is a restricted title under Cap 525 of the Laws of Kenya
• One should be 21 years and above
• Passed a prescribed examination or Admitted as a corporate
member of an approved institution.
• has had a minimum of three years approved training and
qualification followed by at least two years of practical experience
in the work of a quantity surveyor to the satisfaction of the Board,
and has passed a prescribed examination
• Has paid the prescribed registration fee
 Who is a professional?
Professional Conduct
Professionals are however expected to observe:
• Honesty and Integrity
• Independence
• Confidentiality
• Competence
• Impartial
• Avoiding possible conflict of interest.
 Who is a professional?
Quantity surveying services
Conventional a QS can offer many and varied services. Some of these
services include;
• Cost estimation
• Cost planning
• Preparation of Bills of Quantities
• Preparation of feasibility studies
• Cost control
• Valuations
• Preparation and assessment of variations
• Dispute resolution
• Preparation and submission of Final Accounts of project
 Who is a professional?
The modern quantity surveyors perform various types of services that
extend beyond the services traditional quantity surveyors. This
includes;
• Expert witness
• Arbitration
• Forensic Auditors
• Marketing for products
• Transaction advisors
• Design and Build
• Project management
• Investment appraiser
• Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) projects
 Who is a professional?
Architectural Services
Services of an Architect include;
• Design
• Supervision of projects
• Project management
• Marketing
• Landscaping
Emerging Trends that can be offered by an Architect
• Design Built
• Estate Development
• Dispute Resolutions
Construction Industry
Parties to the building process
 Construction Industry
• The construction industry deals with building of new houses,
apartments, factories, offices and schools. It also deals with
building of roads, bridges, ports, railroads, sewers and tunnels,
among many other things.
• In addition, it deals with maintenance and repair of all of those
structures and produces the basic materials such as concrete
that are used to make them.
• Construction Site - Means the place or places where
construction works are to be carried out and to which materials
and goods are to be delivered and includes workshops or other
places where materials, goods or work are being prepared for
incorporation in the construction works.
 Parties In The Building Process
• The construction
team includes those team
members who are tasked
with physically constructing
what the design team has
stipulated in its
documentation
and specifications and client
requirements.
• The team comprises of the
employer,
the contractor, consultants, sub-
contractors and the technical
Parties In The Building Process
 Parties In The Building Process
EMPLOYER: Client, Owner, Developer
• A person or entity entering into contract with a contractor, supplier, agent,
professional or any other player in the construction industry, for the provision of
supplies, services or construction works.
Responsibilities & Obligations
• Confirm that the construction site is in the employer’s legal possession.
• Ascertain and confirm to the Contractor that the proposed works comply with all
statutory requirements, local authority planning and design bylaws or regulations.
• Register the agreement with the relevant statutory authority and pay all fees,
charges, taxes, duties and all costs arising therefrom
• Register the construction works/ project with the National Construction
Authority(NCA) and pay all fees, charges, taxes, duties and all cost arising
therefrom.
• Make adequate financial arrangements to ensure that all payments are made
within the periods and in the manner stipulated in the contracts.
• Obtain an occupation certificate before the completed project is occupied.
 Parties In The Building Process
DESIGN TEAM: Architect, Quantity Surveyor, Structural/Civil
Engineer,MEP.
• A person or entity entering into contract with a contractor, supplier,
agent, Design team comprises of professionals from different
backgrounds who actualize the ideas of a property owner. The design
team associates professionally during the life of the project. A member
of the design team can be in many other teams.
• The composition of the team of consultants is dependent on the
nature, scope, scale & complexity of the project.
• The end product of the design process = Construction Contract
documents: - Drawings, specifications, bills of quantities, bid
documents, schematics, schedules, reports……...
 Parties In The Building Process
ARCHITECT ROLES

• Is the Lead consultant for design team members (gives direction to team
and coordinates).
• Takes client brief (need).
• Translates brief into tangible information which assists in creating designs.
• Gives all layout designs in terms of sizes, specifications, quality etc
• Administers or manages the members of the design team.
• Ensures all statutory approvals and guidelines in the construction industry
are adhered to.
• Sources for all approvals with necessary bodies.
• Overall project supervisor to ensure client need in time, quality and
specifications are met.
• Final drawings are the base for other drawings in services works.
 Parties In The Building Process
QUANTITY SURVEYOR ROLES

• Financial controller of project.

• Translates approved layouts into quantities which form the basis for
pricing.
• Administers the contract – ensures proper execution of contract
documents.
• Provides financial appraisals.
• Cost planning to ensure budget adherence.
• Prepares specifications for any variations.
• Prepares valuations for payments purpose.
• Prepares final accounts for the project
 Parties In The Building Process
STRUCTURAL/CIVIL ENGINEER ROLES
• Designs the structural element of the all structures to ensure safety and
approval by statutory authorities.- floors, foundations, beams , columns,
roads and walkways etc.
• Supervise construction process of these structural elements.
• Provides solutions to structural issues.
• Prepares valuations for specialized civil works.
MEP ROLES
• Designs the building services layouts / requirements and specifications.
• Prepares layouts for services installations – electrical and plumbing works as
per Architects layouts.
• Supervises services installations (specialist works) according to laid out
statutory rules e.g. fire fighting.
• Prepares tender document for these specialist works.
• Prepares valuations for payments purposes for services contracts.
 Parties In The Building Process
CONSTRUCTION TEAM
• After design the construction team takes over to actualize the ideas of the
design team on site.
• The construction team includes those team members who are tasked with
physically constructing what the design team has stipulated in its
documentation and specifications and client requirements
• The construction team depends on the size of the Project
MEMBERS OF THE CONSTRUCTION TEAM
• Main Contractors
• Specialist Sub-contractors e.g.
i) Mechanical Works Sub-contractors
- Plumbing and internal drainage
- Air conditioning
 Parties In The Building Process
i) Electrical Works Sub-contractors
- Electrical wiring and light installation
- Lifts and escalators
- ICT Sub-contractors [ structured cabling]
- Security [ alarms and cameras ]
iii) Landscaping Sub-contractors
iv) Civil Works Sub-contractors
[Roadworks, drainage Works etc ]
v) Furnishing
vi) Furniture
vii) Aluminium and External glazing
Sub-contractors
viii) Materials Suppliers
 Parties In The Building Process
Who is a Contractor ?
• Employs or engages construction workers or manages construction work.
• Must have the skills, knowledge, experience to carry out the works.
• Planning and managing the works.
• Liaising with the Employer and the Lead Consultant.
• Coordinating Sub-contractors.
• Ensuring safety of site
• Preparing the work programme and ensuring it’s review and updating.
• Payment of workers and sub-contractors
• Acquisition of materials to build the works
• Obtaining licenses and permits from relevant authorities before work begins.
 Parties In The Building Process
TYPES OF CONTRACTORS
We have different types of construction teams ;-
• Main Contractor with associated domestic Sub-contractors
• Main Contract with Nominated Sub-contractors
• Turnkey Contractor - combined design and construction especially Public
Private Partnership
• Labour Sub- contractor [ where Client buys the materials ]..
 Parties In The Building Process
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
RELATIONSHIP
 Parties In The Building Process
Need for a Professional
Construction professionals basically perform advisory role as they are
responsible for organizing the construction processes and participate in
brief development, design and construction. The process involved in the
production of a building includes planning, regulation, design,
manufacture, installation and maintenance of buildings and other
associated physical infrastructures.
 Parties In The Building Process
Need for a Professional – Design Team
The need for a professional role in construction projects is therefore
necessitated by
• Clients normally require advice because they do not have the expertise to
develop brief, produce a sound design and supervise the works.
• The design takes matters of environmental issues as well as societal needs,
functional requirement of the client and safety into account which are
matters that can be handled adequately by qualified persons.
• In the design of a building or project the team members look into two
aspects namely the end product and the process. As a process it refers to
all the phases/process that it undergoes before it is ready for occupation
and these are stated below
 Parties In The Building Process
The Building Process
 Feasibility
 Outline Proposal/Design
 Scheme design
 Detail design
 Production
 Tender Action
 Construction
 Completion