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MATH – ANSWER KEY & SOLUTIONS

1. Two times the father’s age… 4. A 40-gram alloy containing…

Let 𝑠 be the age of the son now

Let 𝑓 be the age of the father now + = 60 g
40 g
20 g
At Present: 2𝑓 = 6𝑠 + 8 35% gold 50% gold x% gold
𝑓 = 3𝑠 + 4 <Eq. 1>
From mixture concentration,
10 yrs ago: (𝑠 − 10) + (𝑓 − 10) = 44 35%(40) + 50%(20) = 𝑥(60)
𝑠 + 𝑓 = 64 <Eq.2> (35)(40) + (5)(20) = (𝑥)(60)
1400 + 1000 = 60𝑥
Substitute f in <Eq. 1> to <Eq. 2> 𝒙 = 𝟒𝟎%
𝑠 + (3𝑠 + 4) = 64
4𝑠 = 60 5. Two thousand (2000) kg…
𝒔 = 𝟏𝟓 𝒚𝒓𝒔 𝒐𝒍𝒅

2. Peter’s age 13 years ago … + = 2000

x y kg
Let 𝑝 be the age of Peter now 14% Ni 6% Ni 8% Ni

At 13 yrs ago: 𝑝 − 13 From mixture concentration,

14%(𝑥) + 6%(𝑦) = 8%(2000)
At 7 yrs hence: 𝑝 + 7 14𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 16000
7𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 8000 <Eq. 1>
1
𝑝 − 13 = (𝑝 + 7)
3 From mixture volume,
3𝑝 − 39 = 𝑝 + 7 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2000
2𝑝 = 46 𝑦 = 2000 − 𝑥 <Eq.2>
𝒑 = 𝟐𝟑 𝒚𝒓𝒔 𝒐𝒍𝒅
Substitute 𝑦 in <Eq. 2> to <Eq.1>
3. A father is three times as … 7𝑥 + 3(2000 − 𝑥) = 8000
𝒙 = 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝒌𝒈
Let 𝑠 be the age of the son now
Let 𝑓 be the age of the father now 6. A 100-kilogram salt solution …

At Present: 𝑓 = 3𝑠 <Eq. 1>

100
- = 100-w
At 4 yrs ago: 𝑓 − 4 = 4(𝑠 − 4) kg w
𝑓 − 4𝑠 + 12 = 0 <Eq.2> 4% Salt 0% Salt 5% Salt
96% H2O 100% H2O 95% H2O
Substitute f in <Eq. 1> to <Eq. 2>
3𝑠 − 4𝑠 + 12 = 0 From mixture’s salt concentration,
𝒔 = 𝟏𝟐 𝒚𝒓𝒔 𝒐𝒍𝒅 4%(100) − 0%(𝑤) = 5%(100 − 𝑤)

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MATH – ANSWER KEY & SOLUTIONS

400 = 500 − 5𝑤 1
𝑅1 =
𝒘 = 𝟐𝟎 𝒌𝒈 4

*Alternate Solution Rate of Person 3 working alone:

From mixture’s water concentration, 𝑅3 × 6 = 1
96%(100) − 100%(𝑤) 1
𝑅1 =
= 95%(100 − 𝑤) 6
9600 − 100𝑤 = 9500 − 95𝑤
9600 − 9500 = −95𝑤 + 100𝑤 Total Work done by all 3 in 1hr:
100 = 5𝑤 1 1 1
(1ℎ𝑟) + (1ℎ𝑟) + (1ℎ𝑟) = 𝑊
5𝑤 = 100 3 4 6
9
𝒘 = 𝟐𝟎 𝒌𝒈 =𝑊
12
𝟑
7. A pump can pump out… 𝑾=
𝟒

𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 × 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 = 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 9. Mr. Brown can wash his car…

Rate of Pump 1 working alone: Rate of Mr. Brown working alone:

𝑅1 × 11 = 1 𝑅𝐵 × 15 = 1
1 1
𝑅1 = 𝑅𝐵 =
11 15

Rate of Pump 2 working alone: Rate of John working alone:

𝑅1 × 20 = 1 𝑅𝐽 × 30 = 1
1 1
𝑅1 = 𝑅1 =
20 30
Total Work done by both pumps: Total Work done together:
𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑏𝑦 𝑃1 + 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑏𝑦 𝑃2 = 1 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 1 1
1 1 𝑡+ 𝑡=1
𝑡+ 𝑡=1 15 30
11 20 3
31 𝑡=1
𝑡=1 30
220 1
𝟐𝟐𝟎 𝑡=1
𝒕= 𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒓𝒔 10
𝟑𝟏 𝒕 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒕𝒆𝒔

8. Three persons can do a piece… 10. If a two-digit number has x for…

𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 × 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 = 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 Unit’s digit: x

Ten’s digit: 10x
Rate of Person 1 working alone: Hundred’s digit: 100x
𝑅1 × 3 = 1
1
𝑅1 = 𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 = 𝟏𝟎𝒚 + 𝒙
3
Rate of Person 2 working alone:
𝑅2 × 4 = 1

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MATH – ANSWER KEY & SOLUTIONS

11. One number is five less than… Since they started at the same point and
are moving away from each other, the
Let 𝑥 be the 1st number total distance covered by both is the
Let 𝑦 be the 2nd number sum of the distances travelled by each
car.
𝑥 =𝑦−5 <Eq. 1> 𝑑1 + 𝑑2 = 450 <Eq. 1>
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 135 <Eq. 2>
For distance covered by car 1,
Substitute 𝑥 in <Eq. 1> to <Eq. 2>: 𝑑1 = 𝑠1 × 𝑡
(𝑦 − 5) + 𝑦 = 135 𝑑1 = 40𝑡
2𝑦 = 140
𝒚 = 𝟕𝟎 For distance covered by car 2,
𝑑2 = 𝑠2 × 𝑡
Substitute 𝑦 above to <Eq. 1> 𝑑2 = 50𝑡
𝑥 = 70 − 5
𝒙 = 𝟔𝟓 Substituting 𝑑1 and 𝑑2 to <Eq. 1>
40𝑡 + 50𝑡 = 450
12. In a two-digit number, the unit’s… 90𝑡 = 450
𝒕 = 𝟓 𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒓𝒔
Let 𝑢 be the unit’s digit
Let 𝑡 be the ten’s digit Since 5 hours is consumed from 5am,
Let (10𝑡 + 𝑢) be the number therefore,
5𝑎𝑚 + 5ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 = 𝟏𝟎𝒂𝒎
𝑢 =𝑡+3 <Eq. 1>
10𝑡 + 𝑢 = 4(𝑢 + 𝑡) <Eq. 2> 14. At 9 am, car A began a journey…

Substitute 𝑢 in <Eq. 1> to <Eq. 2>: Let 𝑑𝐴 be the distance covered by car A
10𝑡 + (𝑡 + 3) = 4((𝑡 + 3) + 𝑡) Let 𝑠𝐴 be the speed of car A
11𝑡 + 3 = 4(2𝑡 + 3) Let 𝑑𝐵 be the distance covered by car B
11𝑡 + 3 = 8𝑡 + 12 Let 𝑠𝐵 be the speed of car B
3𝑡 = 9
𝒕=𝟑 Since they started at the same point and
are moving towards each other, the
Substitute 𝑡 to <Eq. 1>: distance between them is the difference
𝑢 =3+3 of the distances travelled by each car.
𝒖=𝟔
For car B to pass by car A, the distance
The number is 𝟑𝟔. between them should be zero, or they
have travelled the same distance.
13. Two cars started from the same… 𝑑𝐴 − 𝑑𝐵 = 0
𝑑𝐴 = 𝑑𝐵 <Eq. 1>
Let 𝑑1 be the distance covered by car 1
Let 𝑠1 be the speed of car 1 For distance covered by car A,
Let 𝑑2 be the distance covered by car 2 𝑑𝐴 = 𝑠𝐴 × 𝑡
Let 𝑠2 be the speed of car 2 𝑑𝐴 = 40𝑡

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From the number of pieces of coins

For distance covered by car B, received,
𝑑𝐵 = 𝑠𝐵 × 𝑡 𝑁 + 𝑄 = 20
𝑑𝐵 = 60(𝑡 − 1) 𝑁 = −𝑄 + 20 <Eq. 1>

Note: The time consumed by car A is (𝑡) From the amount received,
and the time consumed by car B is 5𝑁 + 25𝑄 = 300 <Eq. 2>
(𝑡 − 1). If, for example, the 1st car
travels for 3 hours, then the 2nd car Substituting 𝑁 in <Eq. 1> to <Eq. 2>
should be travelling for (3 − 1) = 5(−𝑄 + 20) + 25𝑄 = 300
2 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠. −5𝑄 + 100 + 25𝑄 = 300
−5𝑄 + 25𝑄 = 300 − 100
Substituting 𝑑𝐴 and 𝑑𝐵 to <Eq. 1> 20𝑄 = 200
40𝑡 = 60(𝑡 − 1) 𝑸 = 𝟏𝟎
40𝑡 = 60𝑡 − 60
60 = 60𝑡 − 40𝑡 Substituting 𝑄 to <Eq. 1>
60 = 20𝑡 𝑁 = −10 + 20
20𝑡 = 60 𝑵 = 𝟏𝟎
𝒕 = 𝟑 𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒓𝒔
17. A wallet contains the same number…
Since 3 hours is consumed from 9am
when car A started, therefore, Let 𝑃 be the number of pennies used
9𝑎𝑚 + 3 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 = 𝟏𝟐𝒑𝒎 Let 𝑁 be the number of nickels used
Let 𝐷 be the number of dimes used
15. John left home and drove at…
Note:
Using the distance formula for motion, 𝐷𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 = 100 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 × 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝐷𝑖𝑚𝑒 = 10 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠
𝑁𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑙 = 5 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠
Solving for the total distance, 𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑛𝑦 = 1 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑑 = 45(2) + 55(3)
𝒅 = 𝟐𝟓𝟓 𝒎𝒊𝒍𝒆𝒔 From the number of pieces of coins
received,
16. Jane bought a pencil and received… 𝑃=𝑁=𝐷 <Eq. 1>

Let 𝑄 be the number of quarters used From the amount received,

Let 𝑁 be the number of nickels used (1)𝑃 + (5)𝑁 + (10)𝐷 = 144 <Eq. 2>

Note: Substituting 𝑃 & 𝑄 in <Eq. 1> to <Eq. 2>

𝐷𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 = 100 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝐷 + 5𝐷 + 10𝐷 = 144
𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 25 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 16𝐷 = 144
𝑁𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑙 = 5 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑫=𝟗

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MATH – ANSWER KEY & SOLUTIONS

Substituting 𝐷 to <Eq. 1> 20. Find q:

𝑵=𝟗 2p ∙ 8q = 32
𝑷=𝟗 9p ÷ 3q = 27

18. The perimeter of a rectangle is… Express the equations in same bases,

Let 𝑙 be the length of the rectangle From (2𝑝 ∙ 8𝑞 = 32),

Let 𝑤 be the width 2𝑝 ∙ (23 )𝑞 = 25
Let 𝑃 be the perimeter 2𝑝 ∙ 23𝑞 = 25
Let 𝐴 be the area 2𝑝+3𝑞 = 25
𝑝 + 3𝑞 = 5
For perimeter of a rectangle, 𝑝 = −3𝑞 + 5 <Eq. 1>
𝑃 = 2𝑙 + 2𝑤
From (9𝑝 ÷ 3𝑞 = 27),
Since 𝑤 = 10 and 𝑃 = 90, (32 )𝑝 ÷ 3𝑞 = 33
90 = 2𝑙 + 2(10) 32𝑝 ÷ 3𝑞 = 33
90 = 2𝑙 + 20 1
32𝑝 ∙ 𝑞 = 33
90 − 20 = 2𝑙 3
70 = 2𝑙 32𝑝 ∙ 3−𝑞 = 33
2𝑙 = 70 32𝑝−𝑞 = 33
𝒍 = 𝟑𝟓 2𝑝 − 𝑞 = 3 <Eq. 2>

For area of a rectangle, Substitute 𝑝 in <Eq. 1> to <Eq. 2>

𝐴=𝑙×𝑤 2(−3𝑞 + 5) − 𝑞 = 3
𝐴 = 35 × 10 −6𝑞 + 10 − 𝑞 = 3
𝑨 = 𝟑𝟓𝟎 −6𝑞 − 𝑞 = 3 − 10
−7𝑞 = −7
19. Find x 𝒒=𝟏

4x + 10 21. Which of the following is correct?

4x + 5 Choice C is correct.

3x
Further, the following show the correct
number of significant figures per choice.
Since the sum of the interior angles of a 0.001 = 𝟏 𝑆. 𝐹.
triangle is ALWAYS 180°, 100 = 𝟏 𝑆. 𝐹.
(4𝑥 + 5) + (4𝑥 + 10) + 3𝑥 = 180 100.00 = 𝟓 𝑆. 𝐹.
4𝑥 + 5 + 4𝑥 + 10 + 3𝑥 = 180 0.000249 = 𝟑 𝑆. 𝐹.
11𝑥 + 15 = 180
11𝑥 = 180 − 15
11𝑥 = 165 22. A line on a map was drawn at a scale of
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟓° 5:100,000. If a line on the map is 290
mm long, what is the actual length?

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MATH – ANSWER KEY & SOLUTIONS
2
Scale or Ratio can be expressed in (a−2 b3 )
26. Simplify
fraction form. So, a2 b−1
5 𝑎−2(2) 𝑏 3(2)
5: 100,000 = =
100,000 𝑎2 𝑏 −1
5 1 𝑎 𝑏6
−4
= = 2 −1
100,000 20,000 𝑎 𝑏
= 𝑎−4−2 𝑏 6−(−1)
Since 1 𝑚𝑚 = 0.001 𝑚, = 𝒂−𝟔 𝒃𝟕
290 𝑚𝑚 = 0.29 𝑚
27. Which of the following is equivalent to
m n
By ratio and proportion, √ √a?
𝒎𝒏
1 0.29 = √𝒂
=
20,000 𝑥
√5+√3
28. Simplify the following:
1(𝑥) = (0.29)(20,000) √5−√3
𝒙 = 𝟓, 𝟖𝟎𝟎 𝒎 √5 + √3 √5 + √3
= ×
√5 − √3 √5 + √3
2
Since 1 𝑘𝑚 = 1,000 𝑚, (√5 + √3)
𝒙 = 𝟓. 𝟖 𝒌𝒎 =
(√5 − √3)(√5 + √3)
5 + 2√15 + 3
23. Solve for a: a = 64x 4y =
= (43 )𝑥 ∙ 4𝑦 5−3
= 43𝑥 ∙ 4𝑦 8 + 2√15
=
= 𝟒𝟑𝒙+𝒚 2
2(4 + √15)
=
24. b to the m/nth power is equal to: 2
𝑚 𝑛
= 𝟒 + √𝟏𝟓
𝑏 𝑛 = √𝑏 𝑚
𝑛 𝑚
= ( √𝑏) 29. Find the value of x that will satisfy the
𝒏𝒕𝒉 𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒃 𝒕𝒐 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒎 expression: √x − 5 = −√x + 5

4 3
xy−1 x2 y−2 Squaring both sides to eliminate the
25. Simplify ( ) ÷( )
x−2 y3 x−3 y3 radical sign,
4 3
= (𝑥 1−(−2) 𝑦 −1−3 ) ÷ (𝑥 2−(−3) 𝑦 −2−3 ) 2 2
(√𝑥 − 5) = (−√𝑥 + 5)
= (𝑥 3 𝑦 −4 )4 ÷ (𝑥 5 𝑦 −5 )3
𝑥 − 5 = 𝑥 − 10√𝑥 + 25
= (𝑥 3(4) 𝑦 −4(4) ) ÷ (𝑥 5(3) 𝑦 −5(3) )
𝑥 − 𝑥 + 10√𝑥 = 25 + 5
= (𝑥 12 𝑦 −16 ) ÷ (𝑥 15 𝑦 −15 )
10√𝑥 = 30
𝑥 12 𝑦 −16
= 15 −15 √𝑥 = 3
𝑥 𝑦 2
= 𝑥 12−15 𝑦 −16−(−15) (√𝑥) = 32
= 𝑥 −3 𝑦 −1 𝒙=𝟗
𝟏
= 𝟑
𝒙 𝒚

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MATH – ANSWER KEY & SOLUTIONS

30. Simplify: i2018 + 2i3 34. What is 2log 2 8?

= 𝑖 2016+2 + (2)𝑖 3 = 2log 2 8
= 𝑖 2016 𝑖 2 + (2)𝑖 3 = log 2 (82 )
= log 2 64
Since (𝑖 4 = 1),
= (1)𝑖 2 + (2)𝑖 3 Expressing in exponential form,
log 2 64 = 𝑥
Since (𝑖 2 = −1) and (𝑖 3 = −𝑖), 2𝑥 = 64
= (1)(−1) + (2)(−𝑖) 𝒙=𝟔
= −1 − 2𝑖
= −(𝟏 + 𝟐𝒊) 35. Find the roots of x 3 + 3x 2 − 10x = 0

31. Solve: (5 − 3i)2 By factoring,

= 25 − 30𝑖 + 9(𝑖 2 ) x 3 + 3x 2 − 10x = 0
= 25 − 30𝑖 + 9(−1) 𝑥(𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 10) = 0
= 25 − 30𝑖 − 9 𝑥(𝑥 + 5)(𝑥 − 2) = 0
= 𝟏𝟔 − 𝟑𝟎𝒊 𝒙=𝟎
𝒙 = −𝟓
2m2 −12m+18 𝒙=𝟐
32. Simplify:
m2 −9
2(𝑚2 − 6𝑚 + 9) *Alternate Solution:
=
𝑚2 − 9 By quadratic formula,
2(𝑚 − 3)(𝑚 − 3)
=
(𝑚 − 3)(𝑚 + 3)
Factor out x to create a quadratic
𝟐(𝒎 − 𝟑)
= equation to use the formula,
𝒎+𝟑
𝑥(𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 10) = 0
1+x 𝒙=𝟎
33. Simplify: 1 − 1
1−x
1 From the remaining quadratic equation,
=1−
1(𝑥) − 1 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 3, 𝑐 = −10
𝑥
1
=1− Using the quadratic formula,
𝑥−1
𝑥 −𝑏 ± √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎
1 𝑥−1 𝑥 −(3) ± √(3)2 − 4(1)(−10)
Since ( 𝑥−1 = 1 ÷ = 1× ), 𝑥=
𝑥 𝑥−1
𝑥 2(1)
𝑥
=1− −3 ± √49
𝑥−1 𝑥=
1(𝑥 − 1) − 𝑥 2
= −3 ± 7
𝑥−1 𝑥=
𝑥−1−𝑥 2
= −3 + 7 −3 − 7
𝑥−1 𝑥= ‖ 𝑥=
−𝟏 2 2
= −3 + 7 −3 − 7
𝒙−𝟏 𝑥= ‖ 𝑥=
2 2
𝒙=𝟐 𝒙 = −𝟓

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MATH – ANSWER KEY & SOLUTIONS

36. (x 3 − 2x 2 − 2x + 1) ÷ (x − 2) 38. Find the GCF and LCM of 2, 6, and 10.

Using Long Hand Division, Prime Factorization:

2 =2
6 =2×3
10 = 2 × 5

Greatest Common Factor (GCF) is the

greatest factor common to the given
numbers. Only 2 is common for the 3
numbers.
𝑮𝑪𝑭 = 𝟐
Answer:
Least Common Multiple (LCM) is the
(𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐), 𝒓𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒓 − 𝟑
least number divisible to the given
or
−𝟑 numbers. It is the(𝐺𝐶𝐹 ×
𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐 + 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠).
𝒙−𝟐
𝐿𝐶𝑀 = 2 × 3 × 5
𝑳𝑪𝑴 = 𝟑𝟎
*Alternate Solution:
Using Synthetic Division, 39. What is the nature of the roots of
p2 − 2p − 8?

From the given equation:

𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = −2, 𝑐 = −8

Using the formula for the Discriminant:

𝐷 = 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝐷 = (−2)2 − 4(1)(−8)
𝑫 = 𝟑𝟔

Since 𝐷 > 0 and a perfect square,

1 1
37. (2m − 1)2 − (m − 1) therefore, roots are real, rational and
3 2
(2𝑚 − 1)2 𝑚 − 1 unequal.
= −
3 2
4𝑚2 − 4𝑚 + 1 (𝑚 − 1) *Alternate Solution
= −
3 2 Solve for the roots of the equation and
2
2(4𝑚 − 4𝑚 + 1) − 3(𝑚 − 1) describe its nature.
=
6
8𝑚2 − 8𝑚 + 2 − 3𝑚 + 3 By factoring,
=
6 𝑝 2 − 2𝑝 − 8 = 0
8𝑚2 − 11𝑚 + 5 (𝑝 − 4)(𝑝 + 2) = 0
=
6 𝒑 = 𝟒 and 𝒑 = −𝟐
𝟏
= (𝟖𝒎𝟐 − 𝟏𝟏𝒎 + 𝟓)
𝟔

Christian Brotherhood International – MSU Gensan Chapter 2018

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MATH – ANSWER KEY & SOLUTIONS

We can see that the roots are real,

rational and unequal.

40. What is the remainder when

(m2 − 2m + 1) is divided by (m + 2)?

Using Remainder Theorem,

From the divisor (𝑚 = −2),
𝑅 = 𝑚2 − 2𝑚 + 1
𝑅 = (−2)2 − 2(−2) + 1
𝑅 =4+4+1
𝑹=𝟗

*Alternate Solution 1:
Using Long Hand Division,

*Alternate Solution 2:
Using Synthetic Division,

Christian Brotherhood International – MSU Gensan Chapter 2018

This study source was downloaded by 100000807398602 from CourseHero.com on 12-20-2022 06:53:10 GMT -06:00

https://www.coursehero.com/file/114897595/MATH-Apdf/
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