Lecture 10

Reinforced SURFACE OF REVOLUTION

Concrete Tanks
𝒕𝒉
𝟒 year Civil
Prof. Ahmed Debaiky
Professor of Concrete Structure
Benha University
 Outlines

❑ Definition

❑ Properties of spherical dome

❑ Properties of spherical cone

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Definition

❑ A surface of revolution is a surface generated by rotating a one-

dimensional curve about an axis. The resulting surface therefore
always has azimuthal symmetry
Applications

Mosques
Examples
Internal forces for surface of revolutions (General Eq.)

𝑁Փ
𝑁𝜃

𝑁𝜃

𝑁Փ 𝑁𝜃 𝑁Փ
+ = 𝑃𝑟 (General Equation)
𝑅1 𝑅2
𝑁Փ Meridian force per unit length
𝑁𝜃 Ring force per unit length
Internal forces for surface of revolutions (General Eq.)

R1 = Radius of curvature of meridian

R2 = cross radius of curvature along the normal to axis of rotation

Internal forces for surface of revolutions (General Eq.)

𝑷𝒓 = weight per unit area perpendicular to surface

g = w= Dead Loads + live loads p= Water loads

𝒑𝒓 = g cos Փ 𝒑𝒓 = γ h
Loads

1- Loads ( w)
w = t s γc + F. C + L. L

- Thickness = 80 – 140 mm

- Flooring = 100 kg/m2

- Live loads = 50-100 kg/m2

Calculate 𝑁Փ
Reactions at footing (V)

Total weight WՓ w AS
V= = =
perimeter 2πr 2πr
where
V = Reaction on vertical beam
AS = total surface area H
𝑉
𝑁Փ = V
sin Փ
𝑁Փ
H = NՓ CosՓ
H = Reaction on Horizontal beam
Spherical Dome
crown
Geometric properties

Axis of Rotation
Y

Փ
R R
footing

a-Y

Փ = angle between the tangent of point to horizontal axis

D = Diameter of dome at footing = 2R
𝐷
Y = Rise of dome ,Prefer Y =
5−8
Spherical Dome
crown
Geometric properties

Axis of Rotation
Y

Փ
R R
footing

a-Y

R1 = R2 = a
𝑅 2 +𝑌 2
a2 = 𝑅2 + (a − y)2 a=
2𝑦
Properties of Spherical Dome
crown
Geometric properties
𝑅

Axis of Rotation
Sin Փ =
𝑎
𝑟
r r *Փ
Sin Փ* =
𝑎

Փ
R R footing
*Փ

AS = Surface area = 2 π ay
Internal stresses of Spherical Dome
NՓ Nθ
+ = Pr
R1 R2
R1 = R2 = a

Nφ + Nθ = Pr * a

𝑃𝑟 = wcos 𝚽

At crown
𝚽=0
Cos Փ = 1
𝑊 ∗𝑎
𝑁𝜑 = 𝑁𝜃 =
2
Internal stresses of Spherical Dome
At footing
𝑊Փ 𝑤 𝐴𝑆
𝑉= =
2𝜋𝑟 2𝜋𝑟

𝑉
𝑁Փ =
sin Փ

𝑁𝜑 +𝑁𝜃 = w a cos Փ
Connection between dome and rigid beams
- Negative moment will produce at
the end of spherical dome due the
rigid connection between supporting
rigid beams and thin dome.

- The thickness of the dome will

increase at this connection to become
1.2 : 1.4 dome thickness at crown.

𝑥= 0.60 𝑎 ∗ 𝑡

𝑀−𝑉𝐸 = w 𝑥 2 /2
Surface of revolution reinforcement
Surface of revolution reinforcement Details
Case 1 one layer mesh Negative RFT. For negative moment

Note:
The mentioned steel in the above drawings is the minimum steel
5Փ10/m
Surface of revolution reinforcement
Case 2 top & bottom mesh

Note:
The mentioned steel in the above drawings is the minimum steel
5Փ10/m
Example

Calculate the meridian force

and the ring force for the given

spherical dome

F.C = 1 kN/m2

L.L.= 0.5 kN/m2

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Example

1- Calculate the radius of the dome (a)

a2 = 82 + (a − 5)2

a2 = 64 + 𝑎2 - 10 a + 25

a = 8.90 m

8
Sin Փ =
8.90

3.90
cos Փ=
8.90
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Example

2- Calculate the loads

𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑠 = 120 mm @ crown
𝑡𝑠 = 150 mm @ footing

W = (0.13*25) + 1 + 0.5 = 4.75kN/m2

3- Calculate the forces

At crown
𝑊 ∗𝑎
𝑁𝜑 =𝑁𝜃 =
2
4.75 ∗8.90
𝑁𝜑 =𝑁𝜃 = = 21.14 kN/m compression
2
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Example

At footing
𝑊Փ 𝑤 𝐴𝑆 4.75 ∗2 ∗ 𝜋 ∗8.90 ∗5
𝑉= = = = 26.43 KN/m
2𝜋𝑟 2𝜋𝑟 2𝜋 ∗ 8
Reaction on vertical beam
𝑉 26.43
𝑁Փ = = = 29.41 KN/m comp.
sin Փ 8/8.9

𝑁𝜑 +𝑁𝜃 = w a cos Փ
29.41 +𝑁𝜃 = 4.75 * 8.90 * 3.9/8.90
𝑁𝜃 = 10.885 KN/m compression
𝐻 = 𝑁Փ cosՓ = 29.41*3.90/8.90= 12.88 kN/m
Outward Reaction on Horizontal beam
Example

Summary of forces
𝑁Փ kN/m 𝑁𝜃 kN/m
Crown 21.14 21.14
footing 29.41 10.885
+ve compression & -ve tension
𝑁Փ ∗1.50 29.41∗1.5∗1000
𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑘 = = 0.315 N/mm2 < 0.35*25/2
1000 ∗ 𝑡𝑠 1000∗140

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Example

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Conical Shell

Geometric properties
D = Diameter of Circle of cone base S y

𝐷
Y = Rise of Cone , Prefer Y =
5−8 Փ
R
R1 = ∞
D

S= R2 + Y 2 R2=a Փ

𝑅 𝑦
Sin Փ = =
𝑎 𝑠
𝑅 ∗𝑆
a=
𝑌
AS = Surface area = π R S
Internal stresses of Cone
At crown
R2 = 0
Nφ =Nθ = 0

At footing

𝑊Փ 𝑤 𝐴𝑆
𝑉= =
2𝜋𝑟 2𝜋𝑟

𝑉
𝑁Փ =
sin Փ

𝑁𝜃 = 𝑃𝑟 𝑅2 =w cos Փ * 𝑅2
Example

Calculate the meridian force

and the ring force for the

conical roof

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Example

2- Calculate the loads

𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑠 = 120 mm @ crown
𝑡𝑠 = 150 mm @ footing

W = (0.13*25) + 1 + 0.5 = 4.75kN/m2

3- Calculate the forces

At crown
R2 = 0
Nφ =Nθ = 0
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Example

At footing
𝑊Փ 𝑤 𝐴𝑆 4.75 ∗ 𝜋 ∗5 ∗ 5.59
𝑉= = = = 14.0125 KN/m
2𝜋𝑟 2𝜋𝑟 2𝜋 ∗5
Reaction on vertical beam
𝑉 14.0125
𝑁Փ = = = 31 kN/m Comp.
sin Փ sin 26.57

𝑟
𝑁𝜃 = 𝑃𝑟 𝑅2 =w cos Փ *
sin Փ

5
𝑁𝜃 = 4.75 * cos 26.57 * = 47.49 KN/m comp.
sin 26.57
Design of supporting beams

Horizontal Beam
Vertical Beam
Design of supporting beams
Design of Horizontal beam
Design of Horizontal beam
Design of Vertical beam
Sign rules

𝑁𝜑

+ve = compression −ve = tension

Sign rules

𝑁𝜃

+ve −ve
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