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We declare that this assignment is an original work submitted by the following group
members who have all actively made a contribution. Any other work of a similar nature
has been appropriately referenced in this assignment.

Group members:
Nguyễn Thị Xuân Mai – 46.01.701.073
Yu Gia Minh - 46.01.701.078
Hoàng Thị Thu Hà – 46.01.751.036
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APPENDIX

Sample text 1: How to wash your hand correctly?.....................................................................2

Sample text 2: How to make a paper boat?.................................................................................2
Sample text 3: How to cook pasta?..............................................................................................3
ANALYSIS.....................................................................................................................................4

Sample texts

Sample text 1: How to wash your hand correctly?

1. Wet hand with water.
2. Apply enough soap to cover all hand surfaces
3. Rub hands palm to palm.
4. Right palm over left dorsum with interlaced fingers and vice versa.
5. Palm to palm.
6. Backs of fingers to opposing palms with fingers interlocked.
7. Rotational rubbing of left thumb clasped in right palm and vice versa.
8. Rotational rubbing, backwards and forwards with clasped fingers of right hand in left
palm and vice versa.
9. Rinse hands with water.
10. Dry hands thoroughly with a single use towel.
11. Use towel to turn off faucet.
12. Your hands are now safe.

Sample text 2: How to make a paper boat?

1. Start from a rectangle. Fold in half.
2. Fold in half again and unfold.
3. Fold to the center.
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4. Fold the overlapping strip upwards.

5. Fold corners backwards. Turn over.
6. Fold strip upwards.
7. Open.
8. Fold triangle upwards. Repeat behind.
9. Open (like in the steps 7 and 8).
10. Take upper corners and stretch out.
11. Your boat is finished.

Sample text 3: How to cook pasta?

Ingredient:
My pasta dough consists of olive oil, water, eggs, and equal parts all-purpose flour and semolina
flour. I've made pasta using only all-purpose flour before and thought it was too doughy.
The semolina gives the pasta more bite. It adds to the taste and the texture.
You can, of course, only use semolina, but I find that the combination of the two flours yields a
dough that is easy to work with and tastes great.
How to cook pasta:
You will combine all of the ingredients. This can be done on a clean surface or you can combine
them in the bowl of your stand mixer.
Then you have to knead the dough. Next, you'll just need to cover your dough, either with plastic
wrap or a towel and let it rest for at least 30 minutes. This is what allows the gluten to form
which will give your pasta the chew it needs.
Then, after a rest period, you will then roll it out by folding it into thirds for smooth edges and
then continuing to roller thinner and thinner.
Once the sheet of pasta is at your desired thickness, you can cut it into individual noodles.

References of the text:

https://www.sailingeurope.com/blog/how-to-make-a-paper-boat
https://www.cdc.gov/handwashing/when-how-handwashing.html
How to Make Homemade Pasta - Recipe & Tips | Self Proclaimed Foodie
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ANALYSIS
* Social and cultural context

The setting of the text This is provided to people who want to learn how to wash
hands correctly

The focus and perspective of the Focuses on how to wash our hands 
text

The purpose(s) of the text To help people learn to wash hands correctly

The intended audience  This text aims at all people, and its main purpose is to
instruct us how to wash our hands correctly step by step,
according to WHO (World Health Organization)

The relationship between writers Instructor - learner

and readers of the text

Expectations, conventions, and Instructions: action-oriented, minimalist, follow a

requirements for the text particular structure.

A well-organized text, order the steps appropriately

Include the described images

Briefly, concisely, directly, easy to understand

Structure your work instructions in a clear, step-by-step

instruction hierarchy

Use an active tone of voice when writing instructions.

Keep it short and to the point.

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Use a clear visual to illustrate the step.

Separate all additional information in icons

The background knowledge, Bringing value and knowledge to the community

values, and understanding.

Comparison Similarities: both instruct people to do something in a

specific, step-by-step manner; all use the active form,
imperative sentences; concise language, and tell the
audience what to do in certain terms.

Differences: using words that will often relate to a certain

aspect, image, formality - flexible; The presentation of the
steps may be different: some will use linking words,
writing seamlessly as a sentence, some will use ordinal
numbers. Compare: sample 1 uses the numbers 1 2 3 to
mark the steps to be done, while sample 2 uses bullet
points and 3 uses sentences linked together by
conjunctions.

* Textual factors, textual cohesion

 We can see the purpose/goal of an instruction in its title (usually start by ‘How to’). Ex:
‘how to make pasta’ or ‘how to wash your hand’
 The language used in the procedure will be brief and simple (easy for readers to
understand and follow steps) so that the instruction can be as short as possible. The writer
will use some vocabulary related to a specific field. Example: recipe - boil, starchy,
colander... make a paper boat - rectangle (the shape of the paper), fold, overlapping, take
upper corners...
 Use of time sequencing words, connectives, and ordinal numbers (to tell the reader when
parts of the task happen such as first, then, next,.. or 1,2,3,4)
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In sample 1 (How to wash your hand correctly), the writer uses ordinal numbers 1,2,3.. to tell the
reader the orders and the number of steps while in sample 3, the writer use “then” and sample 2,
use ‘bullet point’.
 Use of temporal conjunctions include items such as ‘while’, ‘when’, ‘after’, ' then’,
‘finally’.. In procedure text, consequential conjunctions include items such as ‘since’, ‘if’.
 Use of action verbs (state what needs to be done and steps normally begin with an action
verb such as sample 1 and 2)
 Use of adverbial phrases (show a clear explanation about “how much the materials
should be provided?” or “how long the time needed for doing the particular activity?”)
 Write steps by using the simple present tense, active sentences since the steps in the
procedure text were organized in terms of “imperative” form
 Procedure text may describe a different step in each paragraph, or each step might begin
with a number or bullet point.

* Discourse structure
 The “instructions” genre follows the generic structure. “Generic structure is how
elements of a text are arranged to match its purpose. This structure can be observed by
readers, and writers will use this knowledge to structure their writing, depending on their
purpose” (https://www.encyclo.co.uk/meaning-of-Generic_Structure). In text 1 “How to
wash your hand correctly? the detailed guidelines in the text were introduced in a certain
order with the purpose to help the reader follow the process step by step without making
any disordering mistakes. Although not included in the text, each of the steps is
accompanied by the reason why they are in that order and the explanation is this
arrangement will help eliminate bacteria effectively according to scientific research. Text
2 acquire the same discourse structure. If all the steps are mixed up or disarranging, then
the process of creating things will lead to undesired results or failure.
 In text 3, we can also observe that rhetorical structure is also used. The first and the
second lines for the ingredient’s section are the “situation” part while the third line is
referred to another choice of ingredient that can be considered as the “solution” part. Step
1 to step 4 is the “response” part answer for the question of how to cook pasta.
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* Thematic progression

 Text 1 “Washing hand”

Constant theme pattern:

Wet your hands with water. (1)

Apply enough soap to cover all hands surfaces. (2)

Rub hands palm to palm. (3)

Rinse hands with water. (8)

Dry hands thoroughly with a single-use towel. (9)

For the second, third, eighth, and ninth guidelines, the theme is the noun “hands”, which equates

to the theme of the first sentence “your hands”, while the rheme of each sentence is different.

  Multiple theme/split rheme.

Rub hands palm to palm. (3)

Right palm over left dorsum with interlaced fingers and vice versa. (4)

   In this part, we sell that the rheme “palm to palm” is picked up in theme “right palm”

                       Palm to palm with fingers interlaced. (5)

                       Backs of fingers to opposing palms with fingers interlocked. (6)

The rheme “fingers” is picked up in the theme “Backs of fingers”.

 Text 2: How to make a paper boat?

However, in the text “how to make the paper boat”, the zigzag theme is used. For example:

                        Start from a rectangle. Fold in half. (1)

                        Fold in half again and unfold. (2)

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 Text 3: How to cook pasta?

Theme: you 

Rheme: will combine all of the ingredients.

Theme: this

Rheme: can be done on a clean surface or you can combine them in the bowl of

your stand mixer.

Thematic progression: Multiple theme/split rheme.

* Reflection

Working as future teachers, we should acknowledge how to conduct the class effectively. The
genre analysis approach is an analytical tool for students’ writing and assists them to aware of
the models of their writing including linguistic features. It helps students get a sufficient
understanding of the given genre. Therefore, teachers can apply the genre analysis approach to
improve learners’ writing competence. When we teach students how to write a narrative essay,
we give them some samples and ask students to analyze them and about language features. For
example, the language used in the samples, and how is its structure organized... then conclude
this kind of genre and start writing.

When learning genre analysis, the applicability of the genre analysis approach in the future
translation and interpretation field is shown in many aspects. In the field of translation, each type
of text will have a different use of language and structure based on social and cultural context.
For example, when translating a novel, there will be a different way to choose vocabulary,
grammar, and format than translating a contract . In the contrary, when translating an official
document, the choose of linguistic features should be consider carefully and more formal. When
approaching genre analysis, we will understand why for each different audience, the purpose of
different texts will have greatly different requirements in each text. In addition, with interpreters,
the application of genre analysis is evident in the choice of words, with specialized audiences in
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a particular field, using terms make it more professionally when interpreting, if the audience is
general people, the words should be easy to understand.