EXPERIMENT 1: DC CIRCUITS

Nur Syazera Bt Selamat (2021494238)

Siti Aisyah Bt Adenan (2021494706)
Wan Ahmad Afiq Bin Huzairul Azril (2021486084)

Objectives

1. Constructing a 5-V power supply

Theory

The Zener Diode functions similarly to a general-purpose signal diode made up

of a silicon PN junction. When biased in the forward direction, it behaves like a normal
signal diode, passing the rated current, but when a reverse voltage applied across the
Zener Diode exceeds the device's rated voltage, the breakdown voltage is reached, at
which point a process known as Avalanche Breakdown occurs in the semiconductor
depletion layer and a current begins to flow through the diode to limit this increase in
voltage.

Under varying load current conditions, a Zener Diode can be used to produce a
stable voltage output with low ripple. The Zener diode will maintain a voltage drop of V
out by passing a small current from a voltage source through the diode via a suitable
current limiting resistor (Rs).

An electrical load receives electricity from a power supply, an electronic device.

Power supplies are occasionally referred to as electric power converters because this is
their main use: changing one type of electrical energy into another. Others are
integrated into larger devices along with their loads, while some power supplies are
discrete, stand-alone devices. Desktop computer power supplies and consumer
electronics devices are examples of the latter.

To function, electric circuits require energy. Typically, a circuit known as the

power supply provides the energy. All the other circuits will experience a power supply
failure. In an electronic system, the supply is crucial.

Alternating current was changed into direct current by rectifier diodes in power
supplies. To regulate voltage, they also use specialized IC.
Procedures
PART 1: Power Supply

1. All the pins of the capacitors, bridge rectifier and power IC are carefully
identified before setting the circuit.
2. The bridge rectifier (EC 1 B2) is connected to the 9-V side of the transformer and
the power supply is switched on.
3. An oscilloscope (OSK) is connected across the + and – terminals of the bridge
rectifier and the waveform displayed on the OSK screen is observed. The
waveform is drawn. Capacitor C1 is connected across the + and – terminals of
the bridge rectifier and the waveform displayed on the OSK screen is observed.
Again, the waveform is drawn.
4. The connection of the whole circuit is constructed as in the diagram and the
waveform across C2 is observed.
Result and Analysis

Discussion

Conclusion

References