Pr✐♠❡r ❊①❛♠❡♥ P❛r❝✐❛❧

❇❧♦q✉❡ ✶✳
p
4 − x2 − y 2
❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✶✳ ✭✶✶✮ ❙❡❛ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ f (x, y) =
x2 ln y
✶✳ ✭✺✮ ❉✐❜✉❥❡ ❡❧ ❞♦♠✐♥✐♦ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ② ❡①♣r❡s❛r❧♦ ♣♦r ❝♦♠♣r❡s✐ó♥✳ ❉✐❜✉❥❡ ❡❧ ❝♦♥❥✉♥t♦
❢r♦♥t❡r❛ ❞❡❧ ❞♦♠✐♥✐♦✳
✷✳ ✭✸✮ ❈❧❛s✐✜q✉❡ ❡❧ ♣✉♥t♦ (1, 0) ② 1, 12 ❞❡❧ ❞♦♠✐♥✐♦✳

✸✳ ✭✸✮ ❉❡ ❧❛ ❞❡✜♥✐❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❝♦♥❥✉♥t♦ s✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❡ ❝♦♥❡①♦✳

❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✷✳ ✭✶✵✮
✶✳ ✭✹✮ ❱❡r❞❛❞❡r♦ ♦ ❋❛❧s♦ ✓❙✐ f ♣♦s❡❡ ❧í♠✐t❡s ✐t❡r❛❞♦s ✐❣✉❛❧❡s ❡♥ (a, b)✱ ❡♥t♦♥❝❡s ❡①✐st❡
❡❧ ❧í♠✐t❡ ❞♦❜❧❡ ℓ✳
✷✳ ✭✸✮ ❱❡r❞❛❞❡r♦ ♦ ❋❛❧s♦
 ✓❙✐ f ∈ C ❡♥ a✱ ❡♥t♦♥❝❡s ❡①✐st❡ fy (a)✔✳
1
2 2
 xy

, x 6= 0
✸✳ ✭✸✮ ❙❡❛ f (x, y) = x2 + y 2 , ❝♦♥ fx 0 = fy 0 = 0✳ ❊st✉❞✐❡ ❧❛ ❞✐❢❡r❡♥✲



 0

,x = 0
❝✐❛❜✐❧✐❞❛❞ ❞❡ f ❡♥ (0, 0)✳
❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✸✳ ✭✶✷✮
✶✳ ✭✸✮ ❙❡❛ f : D ⊂ R3 → R✱ a ∈ D ✱ ❞❡❞✉③❝❛ ❧❛ ❞✐r❡❝❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ♠á①✐♠♦ ❝r❡❝✐♠✐❡♥t♦ ❞❡
f ❡♥ a✳ ❉❡ ❝♦♥❞✐❝✐♦♥❡s ❛ f ✳
✷✳ ✭✺✮ ❉❛❞❛ f (x, y) = (2x2 + 2)2 + y ✱ a = (1, 1)✳ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ Du f (a) ❡♥ ❧❛ ❞✐r❡❝❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❧❛
❝✉r✈❛ y = x2 ❡♥ x = 3✳
✸✳ ✭✹✮ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ Du f (1, 2, 1) ❝♦♥ f (x, y, z) = xyz ✱ u ♣❛r❛❧❡❧❛ ❛ ❧❛ ♥♦r♠❛❧ ❛ ❧❛ s✉♣❡r✜❝✐❡
√

−x2 − y 2 + 2z = 0 ❡♥ ❡❧ ♣✉♥t♦ 1, 3, 2 ✳

❇❧♦q✉❡ ✷✳

❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✹✳ ✭✶✽✮
✶✳ ❙❡❛ u =f (x,y, z)✱ y = g (x, z)✳ ❯s❛♥❞♦ ❧❛ ♥♦t❛❝✐ó♥ ❝♦rr❡❝t❛ ❝❛❧❝✉❧❡✿
∂u
❛ ✮ ✭✸✮
 ∂z2 x
∂ u
❜ ✮ ✭✹✮
∂x∂z x 
x
✷✳ ❙✐ f (x, y) = g , s❡♥ x ✳ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❡
2
y
❛ ✮ ✭✸✮ fyx (0, 1)
❜ ✮ ✭✷✮ ❙✐g ∈ C 2 ❡♥ (0, 1)✱ ✐♥❞✐q✉❡ ❝✉❛❧ ❡s ❧❛ ❡①♣r❡s✐ó♥ ❞❡ fxy (0, 1)✳
u = f (x, y)
1
✸✳ ✭✽✮ ❙❡❛♥ ✱ ❞❡❞✉❝✐r ❧❛s ❝♦♥❞✐❝✐♦♥❡s ♣❛r❛ q✉❡ ❡①✐st❛ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ✐♥✈❡rs❛
v = f2 (x, y)

x = g (u, v)
1
❡♥ ❡❧ ♣✉♥t♦ (u0 , v0 ) = f (x0 , y0 )✳
y = g2 (u, v)

❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✺✳ ✭✶✷✮
✶
❈❤❛ñ✐ ▼❛r❝♦s ❉❛r✐♦ ▼♦❞❡❧♦s Pr✐♠❡r ❊①❛♠❡♥ P❛r❝✐❛❧
✶✳ ❙❡❛ F (x, y, z) = x2 + 2y 2 + z 2 − 7 = 0 q✉❡ ❞❡✜♥❡ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ y = f (x, z) ❡♥ Nδ (2, 1)✱
❝♦♥ x0 = (2, 1, 1)✳ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❡
∂y ∂ 2 y
❛ ✮ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ ② ❡♥ (2, 1)✳
∂z ∂z 2
❜ ✮ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ ❡♥ ❢♦r♠❛ ❛♣r♦①✐♠❛❞❛ y (2✳01, 0✳9)✳
❝ ✮ ❉❡ ❧❛ ❡①♣r❡s✐ó♥ ❞❡❧ d5 y (2, 1)✳

❇❧♦q✉❡ ✸✳

❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✻✳ ✭✶✷✮
✶✳ ✭✹✮ ❊♥✉♥❝✐❡ ② ❞❡♠✉❡str❡ ❧❛ ❝♦♥❞✐❝✐ó♥ s✉✜❝✐❡♥t❡ ♣❛r❛ q✉❡ ✉♥❛ ♠❛tr✐③ H ❞❡ n × n
s❡❛ ✐♥❞❡✜♥✐❞❛✳
✷✳ ✭✺✮ ❊♥✉♥❝✐❡ ② ❞❡♠✉❡str❡ ❧❛ ❝♦♥❞✐❝✐ó♥ ♥❡❝❡s❛r✐❛ ♣❛r❛ q✉❡ f (a) s❡❛ ❡①tr❡♠♦ r❡❧❛t✐✈♦✳
✸✳ ✭✸✮ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❡ ② ❝❧❛s✐✜q✉❡ ❧♦s ♣✉♥t♦ ❝rít✐❝♦s ❞❡ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ f (x, y) = x2 + y 3 ✳
❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✼✳ ✭✶✵✮
✶✳ ✭✹✮ ❉❛❞♦ ❡❧ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠❛ ❞❡ ❡①tr❡♠♦s ❧✐❣❛❞♦s ✓❊①tr❡♠❛r ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ f (x, y)✱ s✉❥❡t♦ ❛
g (x, y) = 0✔ ❉❡❞✉③❝❛ ✉♥❛ ❝♦♥❞✐❝✐ó♥ ♥❡❝❡s❛r✐❛ ♣❛r❛ ❧❛ ❡①✐st❡♥❝✐❛ ❞❡ ❡①tr❡♠♦s✳
✷✳ ✭✻✮ ▼❡❞✐❛♥t❡ ❡❧ ♠ét♦❞♦ ❞❡ ♠✉❧t✐♣❧✐❝❛❞♦r❡s ❞❡ ▲❛❣r❛♥❣❡ ✓❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❡ ❧❛s ❞✐st❛♥❝✐❛s
♠á①✐♠❛ ② ♠í♥✐♠❛ ❞❡s❞❡ ❡❧ ♣✉♥t♦ (4, 0) ❛ ❧❛ ❝✉r✈❛ x2 + y 2 + 2x = 0✳
❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✽✳ ✭✶✺✮ 
 z + x2 − 4 = 0
✶✳ ✭✹✮ ❉❛❞❛ ❧❛ ❝✉r✈❛ C : ❡♥ ❡❧ ♣r✐♠❡r ♦❝t❛♥t❡✳ ❘❡❛❧✐❝❡ ❧❛ r❡♣r❡s❡♥✲
x + y − 1 = 0
t❛❝✐ó♥ ❣rá✜❝❛ ❞❡ ❧❛s s✉♣❡r✜❝✐❡s ② ❧❛ ❝✉r✈❛✳ P❛r❛♠❡tr✐❝❡ ❧❛ ❝✉r✈❛✳
✷✳ ✭✻✮ ❉❡❞✉③❝❛ ❧❛ ❡①♣r❡s✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❛❝❡❧❡r❛❝✐ó♥ ❝♦♠♦ ❝♦♠❜✐♥❛❝✐ó♥ ❧✐♥❡❛❧ ❞❡ ❧♦s ✈❡❝t♦r❡s
T ② N✳
✸✳ ✭✺✮ ❆ ♣❛rt✐r ❞❡ s✉ ❡❝✉❛❝✐ó♥ ✈❡❝t♦r✐❛❧✱ ❝❛❧❝✉❧❡ ✉♥ ✈❡❝t♦r ♥♦r♠❛ ❛ ❧❛ s✉♣❡r✜❝✐❡ z = y 2
❡♥ ❡❧ ♣✉♥t♦ (1, 0, 0)✳ ❉✐❜✉❥❡ ❧❛ s✉♣❡r✜❝✐❡✳

❈❤❛ñ✐ ▼❛r❝♦s ❉❛r✐♦ ✷

❈❤❛ñ✐ ▼❛r❝♦s ❉❛r✐♦ ▼♦❞❡❧♦s Pr✐♠❡r ❊①❛♠❡♥ P❛r❝✐❛❧

Pr✐♠❡r ❊①❛♠❡♥ P❛r❝✐❛❧

❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✾✳ ✭✶✷✮
✶✳ ✭✸✮ ❉❡ ❞♦s ❡❥❡♠♣❧♦s ❞❡ ❞✐st❛♥❝✐❛✱ ❞✐st✐♥t❛ ❞❡ ❧❛ ♣✐t❛❣ór✐❝❛✳
✷✳ ✭✸✮ ❉❡ ❧❛ ❞❡✜♥✐❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ♣✉♥t♦
√ ❞❡ ❛❝✉♠✉❧❛❝✐ó♥ ② ♣✉♥t♦ ❛✐s❧❛❞♦✳
4−y
✸✳ ❙❡❛ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ f (x, y) =
ln (y − x2 )
❛ ✮ ✭✹✮ ❉✐❜✉❥❡ ❡❧ ❞♦♠✐♥✐♦ ❞❡ f ② s✉ ❝♦♥❥✉♥t♦ ❢r♦♥t❡r❛✳
❜ ✮ ✭✷✮ ❊①♣r❡s❡ ♣♦r ❝♦♠♣r❡s✐ó♥ ❡❧ ❝♦♥❥✉♥t♦ ❞❡ ❧♦s ♣✉♥t♦s ❢r♦♥t❡r❛ q✉❡ ♣❡rt❡♥❡❝❡♥
❛❧ ❞♦♠✐♥✐♦ ❞❡ f ✳

❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✶✵✳ ✭✾✮

✶✳ ✭✸✮ ❉❡ ✉♥ ❡❥❡♠♣❧♦ ❞❡ ✉♥❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛✱ ♣❡r♦ ♥♦ ❞✐❢❡r❡♥❝✐❛❜❧❡ ❡♥ ✉♥ ♣✉♥t♦✳
✷✳ ✭✸✮ ❊♥✉♥❝✐❡ ❧❛ ❝♦♥❞✐❝✐ó♥ s✉✜❝✐❡♥t❡ ❞❡ ❞✐❢❡r❡♥❝✐❛❜✐❧✐❞❛❞✳
✸✳ ✭✸✮ ❉❡ ❧❛ ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❛❝✐ó♥ ❣❡♦♠étr✐❝❛ ❞❡ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ❞✐❢❡r❡♥❝✐❛❜❧❡ ❡♥ ✉♥ ♣✉♥t♦✳ ❘❡❛❧✐❝❡
❧❛ ❣rá✜❝❛✳

❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✶✶✳ ✭✶✷✮

✶✳ ✭✸✮ ❉❡✜♥❛ Du f (a) ② ❞❡ s✉ ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❛❝✐ó♥✳
✷✳ ❉❛❞❛ f (x, y) = x2 + xy ✳ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ Du f (1, 2) ❝♦♥ u
❛ ✮ ✭✸✮ ◆♦r♠❛❧ ❛ ❧❛ ❝✉r✈❛ exy + x2 − 2 = 0 ❡♥ (1, 0)✳
❜ ✮ ✭✷✮ umax
✸✳ ✭✹✮ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ Du f (1, 1, 3) ❝♦♥ ∇f (1, 1, 3) = (1, −1, 4)✱ u ♥♦r♠❛❧ ❛❧ ♣❧❛♥♦ q✉❡ ♣❛s❛
♣♦r ❧♦s ♣✉♥t♦s(1, 0, 0) , (0, 1, 0) , (0, 0, −2)✳

❇❧♦q✉❡ ✷✳

❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✶✷✳ ✭✶✻✮

✶✳ ✭✺✮ ❙❡❛ f (x, y) = g (xh (y) , −2x)✳ Pr✉❡❜❡ q✉❡ fxy (1, 2) = fyx (1, 2) ❝♦♥ h (2) = 0✳
❉❡ ❝♦♥❞✐❝✐♦♥❡s ❛ g ✳
✷✳ ✭✺✮ ❊♥✉♥❝✐❡ ❡❧ t❡♦r❡♠❛ q✉❡ r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛ ❧❛ ●❡♥❡r❛❧✐③❛❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❘❡❣❧❛ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❈❛❞❡♥❛✳
▼✉❡str❡ q✉❡ s❡ ✈❡r✐✜❝❛ ❧♦ ♣❧❛♥t❡❛❞♦ ❛♥t❡r✐♦r♠❡♥t❡ ✭r❡❛❧✐❝❡ ❧♦s ❝♦rr❡s♣♦♥❞✐❡♥t❡s
♣r♦❞✉❝t♦s ❞❡ ♠❛tr✐❝❡s✮✳
✸✳ ❙✐ y = f (x1 , x2 )
= ( x1 x2 , x1 + 2x2 ) ② z = g (y1 , y2 ) = ( y12 + y2 , y22 ) ❝❛❧❝✉❧❡
∂ g◦f
❛ ✮ ✭✸✮ ♠❡❞✐❛♥t❡ ❧❛ ❣❡♥❡r❛❧✐③❛❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❧❛ r❡❣❧❛ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❝❛❞❡♥❛✳
∂x1

∂ g◦f
❜ ✮ ✭✸✮ ♠❡❞✐❛♥t❡ ❧❛ r❡❣❧❛ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❝❛❞❡♥❛✳
∂x2
❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✶✸✳ ✭✶✺✮

u = f (x, y)
1
✶✳ ✭✸✮ ❙❡❛♥ ✱ ❞❡❞✉③❝❛ ❧❛s ❝♦♥❞✐❝✐♦♥❡s ♣❛r❛ q✉❡ ❡①✐st❛ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ✐♥✈❡rs❛
v = f2 (x, y)

x = g (u, v)
1
❡♥ ❡❧ ♣✉♥t♦ (u0 , v0 ) = f (x0 , y0 )✳
y = g2 (u, v)
❈❤❛ñ✐ ▼❛r❝♦s ❉❛r✐♦ ✸
❈❤❛ñ✐ ▼❛r❝♦s ❉❛r✐♦ ▼♦❞❡❧♦s Pr✐♠❡r ❊①❛♠❡♥ P❛r❝✐❛❧

✷✳ ❙❡❛ F (x, y, z) = z 3 + 3xey − 4 = 0 ② ❡❧ ♣✉♥t♦ x0 = (1, 0, 1)

❛ ✮ ✭✺✮ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ zx ② zxy ❡♥ ❡❧ ♣✉♥t♦ (x0 , y0 )✳
❜ ✮ ✭✸✮ ❉❡ ❧❛ ❡①♣r❡s✐ó♥ ❞❡❧ d4 z ❡♥ ❡❧ ♠✐s♠♦ ♣✉♥t♦✳
✸✳ ❙✐ F (xz, 2y) = 0 ❞❡✜♥❡ ❛ z = f (x, y)✱ ❝❛❧❝✉❧❡ zx ② zxy ✳
❇❧♦q✉❡ ✸✳

❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✶✹✳ ✭✶✷✮

✶✳ ✭✸✮ ❉❡ ✉♥ ❡❥❡♠♣❧♦ ❞❡ ✉♥❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ q✉❡ t❡♥❣❛ ❡♥ ❡❧ ♣✉♥t♦ a ✉♥ ❡①tr❡♠♦ r❡❧❛t✐✈♦✱ ♣❡r♦
q✉❡ a ♥♦ s❡❛ ♣✉♥t♦ ❝rít✐❝♦✳
✷✳ ✭✺✮ ❉❛❞❛ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ f (x, y) = x5 − 35 x3 + y 2 − 2y ❞❡t❡r♠✐♥❡ ② ❝❧❛s✐✜q✉❡ ❧♦s ♣✉♥t♦s
❝rít✐❝♦s q✉❡ ❝✉♠♣❧❡♥ ❝♦♥ ❧❛ ❝♦♥❞✐❝✐ó♥ −1 < x < 1✳
✸✳ ✭✹✮ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❡ ② ❝❧❛s✐✜q✉❡ ❧♦s ♣✉♥t♦s ❝rít✐❝♦s ❞❡ f (x, y) = x3 y 2 ♣❛r❛ x > 0✳
❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✶✺✳ ✭✾✮
✶✳ ✭✹✮ ❉❛❞♦ ❡❧ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠❛ ❞❡ ❡①tr❡♠♦s ❧✐❣❛❞♦s ✓❊①tr❡♠❛r ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ f (x, y)✱ s✉❥❡t♦ ❛
g (x, y) = 0✔ ❉❡❞✉③❝❛ ✉♥❛ ❝♦♥❞✐❝✐ó♥ ♥❡❝❡s❛r✐❛ ♣❛r❛ ❧❛ ❡①✐st❡♥❝✐❛ ❞❡ ❡①tr❡♠♦s✳
✷✳ ✭✺✮ ❘❡s✉❡❧✈❛ ❡❧ s✐❣✉✐❡♥t❡ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠❛ ❞❡ ❡①tr❡♠♦s ❧✐❣❛❞♦s ✓❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❛r ❧❛ ❡❝✉❛❝✐ó♥
❞❡ ❧❛ r❡❝t❛ q✉❡ ♣❛s❛ ♣♦r ❡❧ ♣✉♥t♦ (1, 3) q✉❡ ❡♥❝✐❡rr❡ ❧❛ ♠❡♥♦r ár❡❛ ❝♦♥ ❧♦s ❡❥❡s
❝♦♦r❞❡♥❛❞♦s✳
❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✶✻✳ ✭✶✻✮
✶✳ ✭✸✮ ❉❡❞✉③❝❛ ❧♦s ✈❡rs♦r❡s T ② N ❞❡ ❋r❡♥❡t✳
✷✳ ✭✸✮ ❉❛❞❛ ❧❛ ❝✉r✈❛ C : x(t) = (a ❝♦st, a s❡♥t, b)✳ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ s✉ ❧♦♥❣✐t✉❞✳
 x2 + y 2 − 4 = 0
✸✳ ✭✺✮ ❉❛❞❛ ❧❛ ❝✉r✈❛ C : , y ≥ 0✳ ❘❡❛❧✐❝❡ ❧❛ r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❧❛
x + z − 2 = 0
❝✉r✈❛ ❡ ✐♥❞✐q✉❡ ❡❧ ✈❛❧♦r ❞❡ s✉ t♦rs✐ó♥✳
✹✳ ✭✺✮ ❉❛❞❛ ❧❛ s✉♣❡r✜❝✐❡ Σ : x (u, v) = (v, u, v 2 )✱ ❝♦♥ x0 = (2, 1, 4) ∈ Σ✳ ❘❡❛❧✐❝❡ s✉
❣rá✜❝❛ ② ❡♥❝✉❡♥tr❡ ✉♥ ✈❡❝t♦r t❛♥❣❡♥t❡ ❡♥ ❞✐❝❤♦ ♣✉♥t♦✳

❈❤❛ñ✐ ▼❛r❝♦s ❉❛r✐♦ ✹

❈❤❛ñ✐ ▼❛r❝♦s ❉❛r✐♦ ▼♦❞❡❧♦s Pr✐♠❡r ❊①❛♠❡♥ P❛r❝✐❛❧

Pr✐♠❡r ❊①❛♠❡♥ P❛r❝✐❛❧

❇❧♦q✉❡ ✶✳

❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✶✼✳ ✭✶✵✮

p
4 − x2 − y 2
✶✳ ❙❡❛ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ f (x, y) =
y ln (x)
❛ ✮ ✭✺✮ ❉✐❜✉❥❡ ❡❧ ❞♦♠✐♥✐♦ ❞❡ f ② s✉ ❝♦♥❥✉♥t♦ ❢r♦♥t❡r❛✳
❜ ✮ ✭✷✮ ❊①♣r❡s❡ ♣♦r ❝♦♠♣r❡s✐ó♥ ❡❧ ❝♦♥❥✉♥t♦ ❞❡ ❧♦s ♣✉♥t♦s ❢r♦♥t❡r❛ q✉❡ ♣❡rt❡♥❡❝❡♥
❛❧ ❞♦♠✐♥✐♦ ❞❡ f ✳
❝ ✮ ✭✸✮ ❈❧❛s✐✜q✉❡ ❧♦s ♣✉♥t♦s (1, 0) ② (2, 2) ❞❡❧ ❞♦♠✐♥✐♦✳

❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✶✽✳ ✭✶✶✮

✶✳ ✭✹✮ ❱❡r❞❛❞❡r♦ ♦ ❋❛❧s♦✳ ✓❙✐ f ❡s ❞✐❢❡r❡♥❝✐❛❜❧❡ ❡♥ a✱ ❡♥t♦♥❝❡s ❡①✐st❡ fx (a)✳
✷✳ ✭✹✮ ❱❡r❞❛❞❡r♦ ♦ ❋❛❧s♦✳ ✓❙✐ f ❡s ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛ ❡♥ a✱ ❡♥t♦♥❝❡s f ❡s ❞✐❢❡r❡♥❝✐❛❜❧❡ ❡♥ a✳
✸✳ ✭✸✮ ❊♥✉♥❝✐❡ ✉♥❛ ❝♦♥❞✐❝✐ó♥ s✉✜❝✐❡♥t❡ ♣❛r❛ q✉❡ f s❡❛ ❞✐❢❡r❡♥❝✐❛❜❧❡ ❡♥ a✳

❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✶✾✳ ✭✶✶✮

✶✳ ❉❛❞❛ f (x, y) = xy 2 + yex ✱ ❝♦♥ ∇f (0, 1) = (2, 1)✳ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ Du f (0, 1) ❝♦♥ u
❛ ✮ ✭✹✮ ❚❛♥❣❡♥t❡ ❛ ❧❛ ❝✉r✈❛ 2xey + y 2 − 4 = 0 ❡♥ (2, 0)✳
❜ ✮ ✭✸✮ ❉✐r❡❝❝✐ó♥ q✉❡ ❢♦r♠❛ ❝♦♥ ∇f (0, 1) ✉♥ á♥❣✉❧♦ ❞❡ ✹✺➸✳
❝ ✮ ✭✹✮ ❉✐r❡❝❝✐ó♥ s❡❣ú♥ ❧❛ ❝✉❛❧ f ♥♦ ✈❛rí❛✳ ❉❡ ❧❛ ❞✐r❡❝❝✐ó♥✳

❇❧♦q✉❡ ✷✳

❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✷✵✳ ✭✶✹✮

✶✳ 
✭✸✮ ❙❡❛
 u = f (x, y, z)✱ y = g (x, z) = x z ✳ ❯s❛♥❞♦ ❧❛ ♥♦t❛❝✐ó♥ ❝♦rr❡❝t❛ ❝❛❧❝✉❧❡
2

∂u
✳
∂z x
✷✳ ✭✺✮ ❙❡❛ f (x, y) = g (x + 3y , y 2 )✳ Pr✉❡❜❡ q✉❡ fxy (1, 0) = fyx (1, 0)✳ ❉❡ ❝♦♥❞✐❝✐♦♥❡s
❛ g✳
✸✳ ❙✐ y = f (x1 , x2 ) = ( x1 + 2x2 , x1 ) ② z = g (y1 , y2 ) = ( y13 + 2y2 , y22 ) ❝❛❧❝✉❧❡ ♠❡✲
❞✐❛♥t❡ ❧❛ r❡❣❧❛ ❞❡

❧❛ ❝❛❞❡♥❛
∂ g◦f
❛ ✮ ✭✸✮ ♠❡❞✐❛♥t❡ ❧❛ ❣❡♥❡r❛❧✐③❛❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❧❛ r❡❣❧❛ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❝❛❞❡♥❛✳
∂x1

∂2 g ◦ f
❜ ✮ ✭✸✮ ♠❡❞✐❛♥t❡ ❧❛ r❡❣❧❛ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❝❛❞❡♥❛✳
∂x21

❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✷✶✳ ✭✶✻✮


u = f (x, y)
1
✶✳ ✭✻✮ ❙❡❛♥ ✱ ❞❡❞✉③❝❛ ❧❛s ❝♦♥❞✐❝✐♦♥❡s ♣❛r❛ q✉❡ ❡①✐st❛ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ✐♥✈❡rs❛
v = f2 (x, y)

x = g (u, v)
1
❡♥ ❡❧ ♣✉♥t♦ (u0 , v0 ) = f (x0 , y0 )✳
y = g2 (u, v)
❈❤❛ñ✐ ▼❛r❝♦s ❉❛r✐♦ ✺
❈❤❛ñ✐ ▼❛r❝♦s ❉❛r✐♦ ▼♦❞❡❧♦s Pr✐♠❡r ❊①❛♠❡♥ P❛r❝✐❛❧

F (x, y, u, v) = 2x + y − u2 = 0
✷✳ ❙❡❛ ② ❡❧ ♣✉♥t♦ x0 = (1, 2, 2, 1) q✉❡ ❞❡✜♥❡ ❛
G (x, y, u, v) = 2x − y − v 2 + 1 = 0
❧❛s ❢✉♥❝✐♦♥❡s u = u (x, y) ② v = v (x, y) ❡♥ Nδ (1, 2)✳ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ ❡♥ ❡❧ ♣✉♥t♦ (x0 , y0 )
❛ ✮ ✭✸✮ ux ② uy ✳
❜ ✮ ✭✸✮ uxy ✳
✸✳ ❙✐ F (x + z, y) = 0 ❞❡✜♥❡ ❛ z = f (x, y)✱ ❝❛❧❝✉❧❡ zy ② zyx ✳
❇❧♦q✉❡ ✸✳

❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✷✷✳ ✭✶✺✮

!
a 2
✶✳ ✭✸✮ ❉❛❞❛ ❧❛ ♠❛tr✐③ H = ✱ ❝♦♥ a > 0✳ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❡ ❧♦s ✈❛❧♦r❡s ❞❡ a ♣❛r❛ q✉❡
2 a
❧❛ ♠❛tr✐③ s❡❛ ✐♥❞❡✜♥✐❞❛✳
✷✳ ✭✷✮ ❊♥✉♥❝✐❡ ✉♥❛ ❝♦♥❞✐❝✐ó♥ s✉✜❝✐❡♥t❡ ♣❛r❛ q✉❡ f (a) s❡❛ ♠á①✐♠♦ r❡❧❛t✐✈♦✳
✸✳ ✭✸✮ ❉❡♠✉❡str❡ ❧♦ ❡♥✉♥❝✐❛❞♦ ❡♥ ❡❧ ✐♥❝✐s♦ ❛♥t❡r✐♦r✳ ❊①♣❧✐❝✐t❛r ❝❛❞❛ ✈❡③ q✉❡ s❡ ✉s❛♥
❧♦s ❡❧❡♠❡♥t♦s ❞❡ ❧❛ ❤✐♣ót❡s✐s ♣❛r❛ r❡❛❧✐③❛r ❧❛ ❞❡♠♦str❛❝✐ó♥✳
✹✳ ✭✸✮ ❱❡r❞❛❞❡r♦ ♦ ❋❛❧s♦✳ ✓❙✐ a ❡s ♣✉♥t♦ ❝rít✐❝♦✱ ❡♥t♦♥❝❡s f (a) ❡s ❡①tr❡♠♦ r❡❧❛t✐✈♦✔✳
✺✳ ✭✹✮ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❡ ② ❝❧❛s✐✜q✉❡ ❧♦s ♣✉♥t♦s ❝rít✐❝♦s ❞❡ f (x, y) = x2 y 3 ♣❛r❛ y < 0✳
❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✷✸✳ ✭✼✮
✶✳ ✭✹✮ ❉❛❞♦ ❡❧ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠❛ ❞❡ ❡①tr❡♠♦s ❧✐❣❛❞♦s ✓❊①tr❡♠❛r ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ f (x, y)✱ s✉❥❡t♦ ❛
g (x, y) = 0✔ ❉❡❞✉③❝❛ ✉♥❛ ❝♦♥❞✐❝✐ó♥ ♥❡❝❡s❛r✐❛ ♣❛r❛ ❧❛ ❡①✐st❡♥❝✐❛ ❞❡ ❡①tr❡♠♦s✳
✷✳ ✭✺✮ ❘❡s✉❡❧✈❛ ❡❧ s✐❣✉✐❡♥t❡ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠❛ ❞❡ ❡①tr❡♠♦s ❧✐❣❛❞♦s ✓❉❛❞❛ ❧❛ ❡❧✐♣s❡ ❞❡ ❡❝✉❛❝✐ó♥
x2 y 2
+ 2 = 1 s❡ ✐♥s❝r✐❜❡ ✉♥ r❡❝tá♥❣✉❧♦ ❝♦♥ ❧❛❞♦s ♣❛r❛❧❡❧♦s ❛ ❧♦s ❡❥❡s ❝♦♦r❞❡♥❛❞♦s✱
a2 b
❡♥❝✉❡♥tr❡ ❡❧ r❡❝tá♥❣✉❧♦ ❞❡ ár❡❛ ♠á①✐♠❛✔✳
❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✷✹✳ ✭✶✻✮
✶✳ ✭✸✮ ❉❛❞❛ ❧❛ ❝✉r✈❛ x = x (t)✱ ♣r✉❡❜❡ q✉❡ s❡ ❧❛ ♣✉❡❞❡ ❡①♣r❡s❛r ❡♥ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ❞❡❧ ♣❛rá✲
♠❡tr♦ ❛r❝♦ ❞❡ ❝✉r✈❛ s✳
✷✳ ✭✸✮ ❉❛❞❛ ❧❛ ❝✉r✈❛ C : x(t) = (2 ❝♦st, 2 s❡♥t, 2)✳ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ κ✳
 y + x2 − 4 = 0
✸✳ ✭✻✮ ❉❛❞❛ ❧❛ ❝✉r✈❛ C : , y ≥ 0, z ≥ 0✳ ❘❡❛❧✐❝❡ ❧❛ r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛❝✐ó♥
x + z − 1 = 0
❞❡ ❧❛ ❝✉r✈❛ ② ❞❡ ❧❛s ❝♦♦r❞❡♥❛❞❛s ❞❡ ❧♦s ♣✉♥t♦s ❞❡ C q✉❡ ❡stá♥ ❡♥ ❡❧ ♣❧❛♥♦ y = 0✳
✹✳ ✭✹✮ ❉❛❞❛ ❧❛ s✉♣❡r✜❝✐❡ Σ : x (u, v) = (u ❝♦sv, u s❡♥v, u)✱ ❝♦♥ x0 = (1, 0, 1) ∈ Σ✳
❘❡❛❧✐❝❡ s✉ ❣rá✜❝❛ ♣❛r❛ z ≥ 0 ② ❡♥❝✉❡♥tr❡ ✉♥ ✈❡❝t♦r ♥♦r♠❛❧ ❡♥ ❞✐❝❤♦ ♣✉♥t♦✳

❈❤❛ñ✐ ▼❛r❝♦s ❉❛r✐♦ ✻

❈❤❛ñ✐ ▼❛r❝♦s ❉❛r✐♦ ▼♦❞❡❧♦s Pr✐♠❡r ❊①❛♠❡♥ P❛r❝✐❛❧

❘❡❝✉♣❡r❛❝✐ó♥ Pr✐♠❡r ❊①❛♠❡♥ P❛r❝✐❛❧

❇❧♦q✉❡ ✶✳

❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✷✺✳ ✭✶✵✮

1
✶✳ ❙❡❛ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ f (x, y) = p ✱ s❡❛ D ❡❧ ❞♦♠✐♥✐♦ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ f ✳ S =
1 − (y 2 + x2 )
{(0, 2) , (−2, 2)} ② ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r❡ ❡❧ ❝♦♥❥✉♥t♦ A = D ∪ S ✳
❛ ✮ ✭✹✮ ❉✐❜✉❥❡ ❡❧ ❞♦♠✐♥✐♦ D ② ❡❧ ❝♦♥❥✉♥t♦ ❢r♦♥t❡r❛ ❞❡ A✳
❜ ✮ ✭✸✮ ❈❧❛s✐✜q✉❡ ❧♦s ♣✉♥t♦s (0, 2) ② (1, 0) ❡♥ ❡❧ ❝♦♥❥✉♥t♦ A✳
❝ ✮ ✭✸✮ ❊st✉❞✐❡ s✐ A ❡s ❛❜✐❡rt♦✱ ❝❡rr❛❞♦✳

❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✷✻✳ ✭✶✵✮

✶✳ ✭✸✮ ❉❡ ❧❛ ❞❡✜♥✐❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ lı́m f (x, y)✳
(x,y)→(a,b)
✷✳ ✭✸✮ ❱❡r❞❛❞❡r♦ ♦ ❋❛❧s♦ ✓❙✐ f ∈ C 1 ❡♥ a✱ ❡♥t♦♥❝❡s ❡①✐st❡ fy (a)✔✳
✸✳ ✭✹✮ ❱❡r❞❛❞❡r♦ ♦ ❋❛❧s♦✳ ✓❙✐ f ∈ C 0 ❡♥ a✱ ② ❡①✐st❡ fx (a) ② ❡①✐st❡ fy (a)✱ ❡♥t♦♥❝❡s f
❡s ❞✐❢❡r❡♥❝✐❛❜❧❡ ❡♥ a✳

❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✷✼✳ ✭✶✷✮

✶✳ ✭✺✮ Pr✉❡❜❡ q✉❡ Du f (a) = ∇f (a) · u✳ ❉❡ ❝♦♥❞✐❝✐♦♥❡s✳
✷✳ ✭✸✮ ❉❛❞❛ f (x, y) = y 2 + ex ln y ✳ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ Du f (0, e) ❝♦♥ u ♣❡r♣❡♥❞✐❝✉❧❛r ❛ ❧❛ ❝✉r✈❛
x (t) = (−1 + t, 2 + 3t)✳
✸✳ ✭✹✮ ❉❛❞❛ z = f (x, y) ❞✐❢❡r❡♥❝✐❛❜❧❡ ❡♥ (1, 2)✱ s❡ s❛❜❡ q✉❡ ❧❛ ❡❝✉❛❝✐ó♥ ❞❡❧ ♣❧❛♥♦
t❛♥❣❡♥t❡ ❡s 2x + 3y + 4z = 1✳ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ Du f (1, 2) ❡♥ ❧❛ ❞✐r❡❝❝✐ó♥ q✉❡ ✉♥❡ ❡❧ ♣✉♥t♦
(1, 2) ❝♦♥ ❡❧ (2, 1)✳

❇❧♦q✉❡ ✷✳

❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✷✽✳ ✭✶✻✮

✶✳ ✭✼✮ ❙❡❛♥ ❧❛s ❢✉♥❝✐♦♥❡s f : D ⊂ R2 → R✱ x : [a, b] ⊂ R → R2 ✱ x0 = x (t0 )✳ ❊♥✉♥❝✐❡ ②
d (f ◦ x)
❞❡♠✉❡str❡ ❡❧ t❡♦r❡♠❛ q✉❡ ❛s❡❣✉r❡ ❧❛ ❡①✐st❡♥❝✐❛ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❞❡r✐✈❛❞❛ ❡♥ t0 ✳
dt
✷✳ ❙❡❛ u = f (x, y, z)✱ y = g (x, z)✳ ❯s❛♥❞♦ ❧❛ ♥♦t❛❝✐ó♥ ❝♦rr❡❝t❛ ❝❛❧❝✉❧❡
❛ ✮ ✭✸✮ ▲❛ ❞❡r✐✈❛❞❛ ❞❡ u r❡s♣❡❝t♦ ❞❡ z ✳ ❊①♣❧✐q✉❡ q✉❡ ❞❡r✐✈❛❞❛ r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛ ❝❛❞❛
♠✐❡♠❜r♦ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❡①♣r❡s✐ó♥✳
❜ ✮ ✭✸✮ ▲❛ ❞❡r✐✈❛❞❛ s❡❣✉♥❞❛ ❞❡ u r❡s♣❡❝t♦ ❞❡ z ❞♦s ✈❡❝❡s✳
✸✳ ✭✸✮ ❙❡❛ f (x, y) = g ( h (x) k (y) , −2x)✳ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ fxy ✳

❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✷✾✳ ✭✶✺✮


u = f (x, y)
1
✶✳ ✭✺✮ ❙❡❛♥ ✱ ❞❡❞✉③❝❛ ❧❛s ❝♦♥❞✐❝✐♦♥❡s ♣❛r❛ q✉❡ ❡①✐st❛ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ✐♥✈❡rs❛
v = f2 (x, y)

x = g (u, v)
1
❡♥ ❡❧ ♣✉♥t♦ (u0 , v0 ) = f (x0 , y0 )✳
y = g2 (u, v)
✷✳ ❊♥✉♥❝✐❡ ❧❛s ❝♦♥❞✐❝✐♦♥❡s ♣❛r❛ q✉❡ ❡①✐st❛ y = f (x)✱ ♣❛r❛ ❡❧ ❝❛s♦ F (x, y) = 0✳
❈❤❛ñ✐ ▼❛r❝♦s ❉❛r✐♦ ✼
❈❤❛ñ✐ ▼❛r❝♦s ❉❛r✐♦ ▼♦❞❡❧♦s Pr✐♠❡r ❊①❛♠❡♥ P❛r❝✐❛❧

F (x, y, u, v) = xey − u + 1 = 0
✸✳ ❙❡❛ ② ❡❧ ♣✉♥t♦ x0 = (2, 0, 3, 1)✳
G (x, y, u, v) = yx − v + 1 = 0
❛ ✮ ✭✸✮ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ xv ② xvu ❡♥ (u0 , v0 )✳
❜ ✮ ✭✸✮ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ ❡♥ ❢♦r♠❛ ❛♣r♦①✐♠❛❞❛ x (2✳9, 1✳01)✳

❇❧♦q✉❡ ✸✳

❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✸✵✳ ✭✶✺✮

✶✳ ✭✸✮ ❊♥✉♥❝✐❡ ② ❞❡♠✉❡str❡ ❧❛ ❝♦♥❞✐❝✐ó♥ s✉✜❝✐❡♥t❡ ♣❛r❛ q✉❡ ✉♥❛ ♠❛tr✐③ H ❞❡ 5 × 5 s❡❛
✐♥❞❡✜♥✐❞❛✳
✷✳ ✭✺✮ ❊♥✉♥❝✐❡ ② ❞❡♠✉❡str❡ ❧❛ ❝♦♥❞✐❝✐ó♥ s✉✜❝✐❡♥t❡ ♣❛r❛ q✉❡ f (a) s❡❛ ♠í♥✐♠♦ r❡❧❛t✐✈♦✳
✸✳ ✭✸✮ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❡ ② ❝❧❛s✐✜q✉❡ ❧♦s ♣✉♥t♦ ❝rít✐❝♦s ❞❡ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ f (x, y) = x2 + y 2 − 2xy ✳
❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✸✶✳ ✭✾✮
✶✳ ✭✹✮ ❉❛❞♦ ❡❧ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠❛ ❞❡ ❡①tr❡♠♦s ❧✐❣❛❞♦s ✓❊①tr❡♠❛r ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ f (x, y)✱ s✉❥❡t♦ ❛
g (x, y) = 0✔ ❊♥✉♥❝✐❡ ❧❛ ❝♦♥❞✐❝✐ó♥ s✉✜❝✐❡♥t❡ ♣❛r❛ ❧❛ ❡①✐st❡♥❝✐❛ ❞❡ ❡①tr❡♠♦s✳
x y
✷✳ ✭✺✮ ❘❡s✉❡❧✈❛ ❡❧ s✐❣✉✐❡♥t❡ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠❛ ❞❡ ❡①tr❡♠♦s ❧✐❣❛❞♦s ✓❉❛❞❛ ❧❛ r❡❝t❛ + = 1
4 2
② P ✉♥ ♣✉♥t♦ ❞❡ ❧❛ r❡❝t❛ ❡♥ ❡❧ ♣r✐♠❡r ❝✉❛❞r❛♥t❡✱ q✉❡ ❞❡t❡r♠✐♥❛ ✉♥ r❡❝tá♥❣✉❧♦ ❝♦♥
❧♦s ❡❥❡s ❝♦♦r❞❡♥❛❞♦s✱ ❡♥❝✉❡♥tr❡ ❡❧ r❡❝tá♥❣✉❧♦ ❞❡ ár❡❛ ♠á①✐♠❛✔ ✳
❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✸✷✳ ✭✶✻✮
✶✳ ✭✸✮ ❉❡❞✉③❝❛ ❧❛ ❡①♣r❡s✐ó♥ ❞❡❧ ✈❡❝t♦r ❛❝❡❧❡r❛❝✐ó♥ ❝♦♠♦ ❝♦♠❜✐♥❛❝✐ó♥ ❧✐♥❡❛❧ ❞❡ ❧♦s
✈❡❝t♦r❡s T ② N ✳
✷✳ ✭✸✮ ❉❛❞❛ ❧❛ ❝✉r✈❛ x = x (t)✱ ♣r✉❡❜❡ q✉❡ s❡ ❧❛ ♣✉❡❞❡ ❡①♣r❡s❛r ❡♥ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ❞❡❧ ♣❛rá✲
♠❡tr♦ ❛r❝♦ ❞❡ ❝✉r✈❛ s✳ 
 z 2 = x2 + y 2
✸✳ ✭✺✮ ❉❛❞❛ ❧❛ ❝✉r✈❛ C : , z ≥ 0✳ ❘❡❛❧✐❝❡ ❧❛ r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛❝✐ó♥ ❞❡
2z = 3 − (x2 + y 2 )
❧❛ ❝✉r✈❛ ❡ ✐♥❞✐q✉❡ ❧❛ ✈❛r✐❛❝✐ó♥ ❞❡❧ ♣❛rá♠❡tr♦✳
✹✳ ✭✺✮ ❉❛❞❛ ❧❛ s✉♣❡r✜❝✐❡ Σ : x = x (u, v)✱ ❝♦♥ x0 = x (u0 , v0 ) ∈ Σ✳ ❉❡❞✉③❝❛ ✉♥ ✈❡❝t♦r
♥♦r♠❛❧ ❛ ❧❛ s✉♣❡r✜❝✐❡ ❡♥ ❡❧ ♣✉♥t♦ x0 ✳ ❊①♣❧✐❝✐t❡ ❝❛❞❛ tér♠✐♥♦ ② r❡❛❧✐❝❡ s✉ ❣rá✜❝❛✳

❈❤❛ñ✐ ▼❛r❝♦s ❉❛r✐♦ ✽

❈❤❛ñ✐ ▼❛r❝♦s ❉❛r✐♦ ▼♦❞❡❧♦s Pr✐♠❡r ❊①❛♠❡♥ P❛r❝✐❛❧

Pr✐♠❡r ❊①❛♠❡♥ P❛r❝✐❛❧

❇❧♦q✉❡ ✶✳

❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✸✸✳ ✭✶✶✮

√
y
✶✳ ❙❡❛ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ f (x, y) =
(x2 + y 2 ) ln (4 − x2 − y 2 )
❛ ✮ ✭✺✮ ❉✐❜✉❥❡ ❡❧ ❞♦♠✐♥✐♦ ❞❡ f ② ❡①♣rés❡❧♦ ♣♦r ❝♦♠♣r❡s✐ó♥✳ ❉✐❜✉❥❡ ❡❧ ❝♦♥❥✉♥t♦
❢r♦♥t❡r❛ ❞❡❧ ❞♦♠✐♥✐♦✳
❜ ✮ ✭✸✮ ❈❧❛s✐✜q✉❡ ❧♦s ♣✉♥t♦s (0, 2) ② (0, 0) ❞❡❧ ❞♦♠✐♥✐♦✳
❝ ✮ ✭✸✮ ■♥❞✐q✉❡ s✐ ❡❧ ❞♦♠✐♥✐♦ ❡s ❝♦♥❡①♦✳

❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✸✹✳ ✭✶✵✮

✶✳ ✭✸✮ ❯s❛♥❞♦ ❧❛ ❞❡✜♥✐❝✐ó♥ ❞❡♠✉❡str❡ q✉❡ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ f (x, y) = xy + y 2 ❡s ❞✐❢❡r❡♥❝✐❛❜❧❡
❡♥ (0, 1)✳ q
✷✳ ✭✸✮ ❊st✉❞✐❡ ❧❛ ❞✐❢❡r❡♥❝✐❛❜✐❧✐❞❛❞ ❞❡ f (x, y) = (x − 1)2 + y 2 ❡♥ ❡❧ ♣✉♥t♦ (1, 0)✳
✸✳ ✭✹✮ ❉❡ ❧❛ ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❛❝✐ó♥ ❣❡♦♠étr✐❝❛ ❞❡ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ❞✐❢❡r❡♥❝✐❛❜❧❡ ❡♥ ✉♥ ♣✉♥t♦✳ ❘❡❛❧✐❝❡
❧❛ ❣rá✜❝❛✳

❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✸✺✳ ✭✶✷✮

✶✳ ✭✺✮ Pr✉❡❜❡ q✉❡ Du f (a) = ∇f (a) · u✳ ❉❡ ❝♦♥❞✐❝✐♦♥❡s✳
✷✳ ✭✸✮ ❉❛❞❛ f (x, y) = xy 2 ✱ ❝♦♥ ∇f (1, 1) = (1, 2) ❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ Du f (1, 1) ❝♦♥ u q✉❡ ❢♦r♠❛
✉♥ á♥❣✉❧♦ ❞❡ ✸✵➸ ❝♦♥ ❡❧ ❣r❛❞✐❡♥t❡ ❞❡ f ❡♥ ❡❧  ♣✉♥t♦
 (1, 1)✳
x π 
✸✳ ✭✹✮ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ Du f (a) ❞❛❞❛ f (x, y, z) = s❡♥2 + yz ✱ ❝♦♥ a = , 1, 2 ❝♦♥ u
2 2
♥♦r♠❛❧ ❛ ❧❛ s✉♣❡r✜❝✐❡ z = 2x + y ❡♥ ❡❧ ♣✉♥t♦ (1, 1, 3)✳

❇❧♦q✉❡ ✷✳

❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✸✻✳ ✭✷✵✮

✶✳ ✭✺✮ ❙❡❛ f (x, y) = g (−x , 2y)✳ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ d3 f ✳
✷✳ ❙✐ y = f (x1 , x2 )
= ( x1 x22 , 3x2 ) ② z = g (y1 , y2 ) = ( y12 + y22 , y13 ) ❝❛❧❝✉❧❡
∂ g◦f
❛ ✮ ✭✺✮ ♠❡❞✐❛♥t❡ ❧❛ ❣❡♥❡r❛❧✐③❛❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❧❛ r❡❣❧❛ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❝❛❞❡♥❛✳
∂x1

∂ g◦f
❜ ✮ ✭✹✮ r❡❛❧✐③❛♥❞♦ ♣r❡✈✐❛ ❝♦♠♣♦s✐❝✐ó♥✳
∂x1

∂2 g ◦ f
❝ ✮ ✭✷✮ 2
 ∂x 1 
✸✳ ✭✹✮ ❙✐ D f ◦ f (x0 ) = I ✱ ❞❡❞✉③❝❛ ❧❛ ❡①♣r❡s✐ó♥ q✉❡ ✈✐♥❝✉❧❛ ❛ ❧♦s Jf ② Jf −1 ✳
−1

■♥❞✐q✉❡ ❡♥ q✉❡ ♣✉♥t♦s✳

❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✸✼✳ ✭✶✷✮


F (x, y, u, v) = 0
✶✳ ✭✺✮ ❙❡❛ ❡❧ s✐st❡♠❛ q✉❡ ❞❡✜♥❡ ✐♠♣❧í❝✐t❛♠❡♥t❡ ❛ x = x (u, v) ❡
G (x, y, u, v) = 0
∂x
y = y (u, v)✳ ❉❡❞✉③❝❛ ❧❛ ❡①♣r❡s✐ó♥ ❞❡ ✳
∂u
❈❤❛ñ✐ ▼❛r❝♦s ❉❛r✐♦ ✾
❈❤❛ñ✐ ▼❛r❝♦s ❉❛r✐♦ ▼♦❞❡❧♦s Pr✐♠❡r ❊①❛♠❡♥ P❛r❝✐❛❧

F (x, y, u, v) = u ❝♦sv − x = 0  √ π
✷✳ ❙❡❛ ② ❡❧ ♣✉♥t♦ x0 = 1, 3, 2, ✳
G (x, y, u, v) = u s❡♥v − y = 0 3
❛ ✮ ✭✹✮ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ ux ② vy ❡♥ (x0 , y0 )✳
❜ ✮ ✭✸✮ uxy ❡♥ ❡❧ ♠✐s♠♦ ♣✉♥t♦✳

❇❧♦q✉❡ ✸✳

❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✸✽✳ ✭✶✶✮

✶✳ ✭✸✮ ❊♥✉♥❝✐❡ ✉♥❛ ❝♦♥❞✐❝✐ó♥ s✉✜❝✐❡♥t❡ ♣❛r❛ q✉❡ f (a) s❡❛ ♠á①✐♠♦ r❡❧❛t✐✈♦✳
✷✳ ✭✹✮ ❉❡♠✉❡str❡ ❧♦ ❡♥✉♥❝✐❛❞♦ ❡♥ ❡❧ ✐♥❝✐s♦ ❛♥t❡r✐♦r✳
✸✳ ✭✹✮ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❡ ② ❝❧❛s✐✜q✉❡ ❧♦s ♣✉♥t♦ ❝rít✐❝♦s ❞❡ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ f (x, y) = xy + 1✳
❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✸✾✳ ✭✽✮
✶✳ ✭✹✮ ❉❛❞♦ ❡❧ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠❛ ❞❡ ❡①tr❡♠♦s ❧✐❣❛❞♦s ✓❊①tr❡♠❛r ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ f (x, y)✱ s✉❥❡t♦ ❛
g (x, y) = 0✔ ❊♥✉♥❝✐❡ ❧❛ ❝♦♥❞✐❝✐ó♥ s✉✜❝✐❡♥t❡ ♣❛r❛ ❧❛ ❡①✐st❡♥❝✐❛ ❞❡ ❡①tr❡♠♦s✳ ❘❡❛❧✐❝❡
❧❛ ❣rá✜❝❛✳
✷✳ ✭✹✮ ❘❡s✉❡❧✈❛ ❡❧ s✐❣✉✐❡♥t❡ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠❛ ❞❡ ❡①tr❡♠♦s ❧✐❣❛❞♦s ✓❙❡ ❞❡s❡❛ ❝♦♥str✉✐r ✉♥ t❛♥✲
q✉❡ ❞❡ ♠❡t❛❧ ❝♦♥ ❝❛♣❛❝✐❞❛❞ ✶ ❧✐tr♦✱ ❞❡ ♠❛♥❡r❛ q✉❡ ❡❧ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧ s❡❛ ❡❧ ♠❡♥♦r ♣♦s✐❜❧❡✔
✳
❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✹✵✳ ✭✶✻✮
✶✳ ❉❛❞❛ ❧❛ ❝✉r✈❛ C : x = x (❝♦st, s❡♥t, t)
❛ ✮ ✭✹✮ ❘❡❛❧✐❝❡ 
s✉ r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛❝✐ó♥ ❣rá✜❝❛
❡ ✐♥❞✐q✉❡ ❡❧ t✐♣♦ ❞❡ ❝✉r✈❛✳
s❡♥t ❝♦st 1 dx √
❜ ✮ ✭✹✮ ❙✐ T = − √ , √ , √ ② = 2✳ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ κ ② N ❡♥ t = 0✳

2 2 2 dt
✷✳ ✭✹✮ ❉❡❞✉③❝❛ ❧❛ ❡①♣r❡s✐ó♥ ❞❡❧ ✈❡❝t♦r ❛❝❡❧❡r❛❝✐ó♥ ❝♦♠♦ ❝♦♠❜✐♥❛❝✐ó♥ ❧✐♥❡❛❧ ❞❡ ❧♦s
✈❡❝t♦r❡s T ② N ✳
✸✳ ✭✺✮ ❆ ♣❛rt✐r ❞❡ s✉ ❡❝✉❛❝✐ó♥ ✈❡❝t♦r✐❛❧✱ ❝❛❧❝✉❧❡ ✉♥ ✈❡❝t♦r ♥♦r♠❛❧ ❛ ❧❛ s✉♣❡r✜❝✐❡ x2 +
z 2 = 2 ❡♥ ❡❧ ♣✉♥t♦ (1, 0, 1)✳ ❘❡❛❧✐❝❡ ❧❛ ❣rá✜❝❛✳

❈❤❛ñ✐ ▼❛r❝♦s ❉❛r✐♦ ✶✵

❈❤❛ñ✐ ▼❛r❝♦s ❉❛r✐♦ ▼♦❞❡❧♦s Pr✐♠❡r ❊①❛♠❡♥ P❛r❝✐❛❧

Pr✐♠❡r ❊①❛♠❡♥ P❛r❝✐❛❧

❇❧♦q✉❡ ✶✳

❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✹✶✳ ✭✶✵✮

p
y − x2
✶✳ ❙❡❛ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ f (x, y) =
ln (2 − y)
❛ ✮ ✭✹✮ ❉✐❜✉❥❡ ❡❧ ❞♦♠✐♥✐♦ ❞❡ f ② ❡❧ ❝♦♥❥✉♥t♦ ❢r♦♥t❡r❛ ❞❡❧ ❞♦♠✐♥✐♦✳
√

❜ ✮ ✭✷✮ ❈❧❛s✐✜q✉❡ ❧♦s ♣✉♥t♦s (0, 1) ② 2, 2 ❞❡❧ ❞♦♠✐♥✐♦✳
❝ ✮ ✭✹✮ ❉✐❜✉❥❡ ❧❛s s✉♣❡r✜❝✐❡s ❞❡ ♥✐✈❡❧ ❞❡ u = y 2 + z 2 − x2 ♣❛r❛ u = 0, 1✳
❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✹✷✳ ✭✶✶✮
✶✳ ❊♥ ❧♦s ❝❛s♦s q✉❡ s❡❛ ♣♦s✐❜❧❡ r❡❞❡✜♥❛ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❝♦♠♦ q✉❡ s❡❛ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛ ❡♥ ❡❧
♦r✐❣❡♥✿  2
 3x + y

, x 6= 0
❛ ✮ ✭✷✮ f (x, y) = x+y
 0

,x = 0
 s❡♥ (xy) − 1 , x 6= 0
 2

❜ ✮ ✭✸✮ f (x, y) = xy
0 ,x = 0


✷✳ ✭✸✮ ❊♥✉♥❝✐❡ ✉♥❛ ❝♦♥❞✐❝✐ó♥ s✉✜❝✐❡♥t❡ ♣❛r❛ q✉❡ ✉♥❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ f s❡❛ ❞✐❢❡r❡♥❝✐❛❜❧❡ ❡♥
(a, b)✳
✸✳ ✭✸✮ ❉❡ ❧❛ ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❛❝✐ó♥ ❣❡♦♠étr✐❝❛ ❞❡ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ❞✐❢❡r❡♥❝✐❛❜❧❡ ❡♥ ✉♥ ♣✉♥t♦✳ ❘❡❛❧✐❝❡
❧❛ ❣rá✜❝❛✳
❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✹✸✳ ✭✶✶✮
✶✳ ✭✺✮ Pr✉❡❜❡ q✉❡ Du f (a) = ∇f (a) · u✳ ❉❡ ❝♦♥❞✐❝✐♦♥❡s✳
✷✳ ❉❛❞❛ f (x, y, z) = xeyz ✳ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ Du f (1, 2, 0) ❝♦♥ u
❛ ✮ ✭✸✮ ◆♦r♠❛❧ ❛ ❧❛ s✉♣❡r✜❝✐❡ 2z = 2x − 2 + y ✳
❜ ✮ ✭✸✮ P❡r♣❡♥❞✐❝✉❧❛r ❛❧ ❡❥❡ z ✳
❇❧♦q✉❡ ✷✳

❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✹✹✳ ✭✶✹✮

✶✳ ✭✺✮ ❙❡❛♥ ❧❛s ❢✉♥❝✐♦♥❡s f : D ⊂ R2 → R✱ x : [a, b] ⊂ R → R2 ✱ x0 = x (t0 )✳ ❊♥✉♥❝✐❡ ②
d (f ◦ x)
❞❡♠✉❡str❡ ❡❧ t❡♦r❡♠❛ q✉❡ ❛s❡❣✉r❡ ❧❛ ❡①✐st❡♥❝✐❛ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❞❡r✐✈❛❞❛ ❡♥ t0 ✳
dt
✷✳ ✭✹✮ ❙❡❛ f (x, y) = g (2x − y)✳ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ d3 f (1, 2)✳
✸✳ ✭✺✮ ❊♥✉♥❝✐❡ ❡❧ t❡♦r❡♠❛ q✉❡ r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛ ❧❛ ●❡♥❡r❛❧✐③❛❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❘❡❣❧❛ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❈❛❞❡♥❛✳
▼✉❡str❡ q✉❡ s❡ ✈❡r✐✜❝❛ ❧♦ ♣❧❛♥t❡❛❞♦ ❛♥t❡r✐♦r♠❡♥t❡ ✭r❡❛❧✐❝❡ ❧♦s ❝♦rr❡s♣♦♥❞✐❡♥t❡s
♣r♦❞✉❝t♦s ❞❡ ♠❛tr✐❝❡s✮✳
❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✹✺✳ ✭✶✻✮ 
F (x, y, u, v) = 0
✶✳ ✭✻✮ ❙❡❛ ❡❧ s✐st❡♠❛ q✉❡ ❞❡✜♥❡ ✐♠♣❧í❝✐t❛♠❡♥t❡ ❛ u = u (x, y) ❡
G (x, y, u, v) = 0
∂u
v = v (x, y)✳ ❉❡❞✉③❝❛ ❧❛ ❡①♣r❡s✐ó♥ ❞❡ ✳
∂y
❈❤❛ñ✐ ▼❛r❝♦s ❉❛r✐♦ ✶✶
❈❤❛ñ✐ ▼❛r❝♦s ❉❛r✐♦ ▼♦❞❡❧♦s Pr✐♠❡r ❊①❛♠❡♥ P❛r❝✐❛❧

✷✳ ❙❡❛ F (x, y, z) = xz 2 + y 2 − 3 = 0 ② ❡❧ ♣✉♥t♦ x0 = (2, 1, 1) q✉❡ ❞❡✜♥❡ ❛ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥

x = f (y, z) ❡♥ Nδ (1, 1)✳ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ ❡♥ ❞✐❝❤♦ ♣✉♥t♦
❛ ✮ ✭✸✮ xz ② xzy ✳
❜ ✮ ✭✸✮ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ ❡♥ ❢♦r♠❛ ❛♣r♦①✐♠❛❞❛ x (1✳01, 0✳9)✳
✸✳ ✭✹✮ ❉❛❞❛ ❧❛ ❡❝✉❛❝✐ó♥ x = yϕ (2x + z) + ψ (z) q✉❡ ❞❡✜♥❡ ❛ z = f (x, y)✳ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ zx
② zy ✳
❇❧♦q✉❡ ✸✳

❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✹✻✳ ✭✶✶✮

 
1 3 −2
✶✳ ✭✸✮ ❉❛❞❛ ❧❛ ♠❛tr✐③ H =  3 2 0 ✱ ✉s❛♥❞♦ ❧❛ ❞❡✜♥✐❝✐ó♥ ♣r✉❡❜❡ q✉❡ ❧❛ ♠❛tr✐③
 

−2 6 −2
❡s ✐♥❞❡✜♥✐❞❛✳
✷✳ ✭✹✮ ❊♥✉♥❝✐❡ ② ❞❡♠✉❡str❡ ❧❛ ❝♦♥❞✐❝✐ó♥ ♥❡❝❡s❛r✐❛ ♣❛r❛ ❧❛ ❡①✐st❡♥❝✐❛ ❞❡ ❡①tr❡♠♦s r❡✲
❧❛t✐✈♦s✳
✸✳ ✭✹✮ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❡ ② ❝❧❛s✐✜q✉❡ ❧♦s ♣✉♥t♦ ❝rít✐❝♦s ❞❡ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ f (x, y) = −x2 y 2 ✳
❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✹✼✳ ✭✽✮
✶✳ ✭✹✮ ❉❛❞❛ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ L (x, y) = f (x, y) + λg (x, y)✳ ❉❡ ❧❛ ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❛❝✐ó♥ ❣❡♦♠étr✐❝❛
❞❡ ∇L (xc ) = 0✳
✷✳ ✭✻✮ ❘❡s✉❡❧✈❛ ❡❧ s✐❣✉✐❡♥t❡ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠❛ ❞❡ ❡①tr❡♠♦s ❧✐❣❛❞♦s ✓❙❡ ❞❡s❡❛ ❝♦♥str✉✐r ✉♥❛ ❝❛❥❛
s✐♥ t❛♣❛✱ ❞❡ ♠❛♥❡r❛ q✉❡ ❡❧ ár❡❛ s✉♣❡r✜❝✐❛❧ s❡❛ ❞❡ ✷✵✉✱ ❡♥❝✉❡♥tr❡ ❧❛s ❞✐♠❡♥s✐♦♥❡s
❞❡ ❧❛ ❝❛❥❛ ❞❡ ♠❛♥❡r❛ q✉❡ ❡❧ ✈♦❧✉♠❡♥ s❡❛ ♠á①✐♠♦✔ ✳
❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✹✽✳ ✭✶✼✮
✶✳ ✭✸✮ ❉❛❞❛ ❧❛ ❝✉r✈❛ C : x = x (t)✱ ❞❡✜♥❛ tr❛②❡❝t♦r✐❛ ② ♠✉❡str❡ q✉❡ ❡❧ ✈❡❝t♦r ✈❡❧♦❝✐❞❛❞
❡s t❛♥❣❡♥t❡ ❛ ❧❛ ❝✉r✈❛✳

 x2 + z 2 − 4 = 0
✷✳ ❉❛❞❛ ❧❛ ❝✉r✈❛ C : , z ≥ 0✳
 x2 + y 2 − 4 = 0
❛ ✮ ✭✺✮ ❘❡❛❧✐❝❡ ❧❛ r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❝✉r✈❛✳
❜ ✮ ✭✹✮ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❡ ✉♥ ✈❡❝t♦r t❛♥❣❡♥t❡ ❡♥ ❡❧ ♣✉♥t♦ (0, 2, 2)✳
✸✳ ✭✺✮ ❉❛❞❛ ❧❛ s✉♣❡r✜❝✐❡ Σ : x (u, v) = x (v, u, 1 − v 2 )✱ ❝♦♥ x0 = (1, 0, 0) ∈ Σ✳ ❘❡❛❧✐❝❡
❧❛ ❣rá✜❝❛ ❞❡ ❧❛ s✉♣❡r✜❝✐❡ ♣❛r❛ z ≥ 0 ② ❝❛❧❝✉❧❡ ✉♥ ✈❡❝t♦r t❛♥❣❡♥t❡ ❛ ❧❛ s✉♣❡r✜❝✐❡ ❡♥
❞✐❝❤♦ ♣✉♥t♦✳

❈❤❛ñ✐ ▼❛r❝♦s ❉❛r✐♦ ✶✷

❈❤❛ñ✐ ▼❛r❝♦s ❉❛r✐♦ ▼♦❞❡❧♦s Pr✐♠❡r ❊①❛♠❡♥ P❛r❝✐❛❧

❘❡❝✉♣❡r❛❝✐ó♥ Pr✐♠❡r ❊①❛♠❡♥ P❛r❝✐❛❧

❇❧♦q✉❡ ✶✳

❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✹✾✳ ✭✶✷✮

p
4 − y 2 − x2
✶✳ ❙❡❛ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ f (x, y) =
(x − 1)2 ln y
❛ ✮ ✭✺✮ ❉✐❜✉❥❡ ❡❧ ❞♦♠✐♥✐♦ ❞❡ f ② ❡①♣r❡s❡ ♣♦r ❝♦♠♣r❡s✐ó♥✳ ❉✐❜✉❥❡ ❡❧ ❝♦♥❥✉♥t♦ ❢r♦♥t❡r❛
❞❡❧ ❞♦♠✐♥✐♦✳
❜ ✮ ✭✷✮ ❉❛❞♦ ❡❧ ❝♦♥❥✉♥t♦ S = {(1, 1) , (−1, 1) , (1, 3)}✳ ■♥❞✐q✉❡ s✐ S ❡s ❛❜✐❡rt♦ ②
❝❡rr❛❞♦✳
❝ ✮ ✭✹✮ ❉✐❜✉❥❡ ❧❛s s✉♣❡r✜❝✐❡s ❞❡ ♥✐✈❡❧ ❞❡ u = y 2 − z 2 + x2 + 1 ♣❛r❛ u = 0, 2✳

❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✺✵✳ ✭✶✵✮

✶✳ ✭✸✮ ❱❡r❞❛❞❡r♦ ♦ ❋❛❧s♦ ✓❙✐ f t✐❡♥❡ ❧í♠✐t❡s ✐t❡r❛❞♦s ✐❣✉❛❧❡s✱ ❡♥t♦♥❝❡s ❡❧ ❧í♠✐t❡ ❞♦❜❧❡
❡①✐st❡✔✳
✷✳ ✭✹✮ ❉❡ ❧❛ ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❛❝✐ó♥ ❣❡♦♠étr✐❝❛ ❞❡ f ❞✐❢❡r❡♥❝✐❛❜❧❡ ❡♥ ✉♥ ♣✉♥t♦✳ ❘❡❛❧✐❝❡ ❧❛ ❣rá✜❝❛✳
✸✳ ✭✸✮ ❉❡ ❡❥❡♠♣❧♦ ❞❡ ✉♥❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛ ♣❡r♦ ♥♦ ❞✐❢❡r❡♥❝✐❛❜❧❡✳

❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✺✶✳ ✭✶✶✮

✶✳ ✭✸✮ ❉❡✜♥❛ Du f (a)✳ ■♥❞✐q✉❡ q✉❡ r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛✳
✷✳ ❉❛❞❛ f (x, y, z) = x2 z + yx✱ a = (1, 1, 0)✳ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ Du f (a) ❝♦♥ u
❛ ✮ ✭✹✮ P❡r♣❡♥❞✐❝✉❧❛r ❛ ❧❛ ♥♦r♠❛❧ ❛ ❧❛ s✉♣❡r✜❝✐❡ 2z = 2x − 1 + y ✳
π
❜ ✮ ✭✹✮ ◗✉❡ ❢♦r♠❛ ❝♦♥ ❧❛ ❞✐r❡❝❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ♠á①✐♠❛ ✈❛r✐❛❝✐ó♥ ✉♥ á♥❣✉❧♦ ϕ = ✳
3
❇❧♦q✉❡ ✷✳

❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✺✷✳ ✭✷✵✮

✶✳ ❙❡❛ u = f (x, y, z)✱ y = g (x, z)✳ ❯s❛♥❞♦ ❧❛ ♥♦t❛❝✐ó♥ ❝♦rr❡❝t❛ ❝❛❧❝✉❧❡
❛ ✮ ✭✸✮ ▲❛ ❞❡r✐✈❛❞❛ ❞❡ u r❡s♣❡❝t♦ ❞❡ z ✳ ❊①♣❧✐q✉❡ q✉❡ ❞❡r✐✈❛❞❛ r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛ ❝❛❞❛
♠✐❡♠❜r♦ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❡①♣r❡s✐ó♥✳
❜ ✮ ✭✸✮ ▲❛ ❞❡r✐✈❛❞❛ s❡❣✉♥❞❛ ❞❡ u✱ r❡s♣❡❝t♦ ❞❡ z ② r❡s♣❡❝t♦ ❞❡ x✳
✷✳ ✭✺✮ ❙❡❛ f (x, y) = g (e2x , x − 2y) + xh (y 3 )✳ Pr✉❡❜❡ q✉❡ fxy = fyx ✳ ❉❡ ❝♦♥❞✐❝✐♦♥❡s✳
✸✳ ✭✹✮ ❊♥✉♥❝✐❡ ❧❛ ●❡♥❡r❛❧✐③❛❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❘❡❣❧❛ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❝❛❞❡♥❛✳
✹✳ ❙❡❛ y = f (x1 , x2 ) = x21 + 3x22 ② z = g (y1 , y2 ) = ( y 2 , 2y ) ❝❛❧❝✉❧❡
∂ (g ◦ f )
❛ ✮ ✭✸✮ ♠❡❞✐❛♥t❡ ❧❛ r❡❣❧❛ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❝❛❞❡♥❛✳
∂x2
∂ 2 (g ◦ f )
❜ ✮ ✭✷✮
∂x22
❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✺✸✳ ✭✶✵✮

F (x, y, u, v) = 0
✶✳ ✭✹✮ ❙❡❛ ❡❧ s✐st❡♠❛ q✉❡ ❞❡✜♥❡ ✐♠♣❧í❝✐t❛♠❡♥t❡ ❛ u = u (x, y) ❡
G (x, y, u, v) = 0
∂v
v = v (x, y)✳ ❉❡❞✉③❝❛ ❧❛ ❡①♣r❡s✐ó♥ ❞❡ ✳
∂y
❈❤❛ñ✐ ▼❛r❝♦s ❉❛r✐♦ ✶✸
❈❤❛ñ✐ ▼❛r❝♦s ❉❛r✐♦ ▼♦❞❡❧♦s Pr✐♠❡r ❊①❛♠❡♥ P❛r❝✐❛❧

✷✳ ✭✻✮ ❙❡❛ F (x, y) = 2x2 + 3y 2 − 2 = 0 ② ❡❧ ♣✉♥t♦ x0 = (1, 0) q✉❡ ❞❡✜♥❡ ❛ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥

dx d2 x
x = f (y) ❡♥ Nδ (0)✳ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ ② ❡♥ y = 0✳
dy dy 2
❇❧♦q✉❡ ✸✳

❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✺✹✳ ✭✶✵✮

✶✳ ✭✺✮ ❊♥✉♥❝✐❡ ② ❞❡♠✉❡str❡ ✉♥❛ ❝♦♥❞✐❝✐ó♥ s✉✜❝✐❡♥t❡ ♣❛r❛ q✉❡ f (a) s❡❛ ♣✉♥t♦ s✐❧❧❛✳
✷✳ ✭✺✮ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❡ ② ❝❧❛s✐✜q✉❡ ❧♦s ♣✉♥t♦ ❝rít✐❝♦s ❞❡ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ f (x, y) = xy 2 ✳
❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✺✺✳ ✭✶✶✮
✶✳ ❉❛❞♦ ❡❧ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠❛ ❞❡ ❡①tr❡♠♦s ❧✐❣❛❞♦s ✓❊①tr❡♠❛r ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ f (x, y)✱ s✉❥❡t♦ ❛
g (x, y) = 0✔
❛ ✮ ✭✹✮ ❉❡❞✉③❝❛ ✉♥❛ ❝♦♥❞✐❝✐ó♥ ♥❡❝❡s❛r✐❛✳
❜ ✮ ✭✸✮ ❊♥✉♥❝✐❡ ❧❛ ❝♦♥❞✐❝✐ó♥ s✉✜❝✐❡♥t❡ ♣❛r❛ ❧❛ ❡①✐st❡♥❝✐❛ ❞❡ ❡①tr❡♠♦s✳ ❘❡❛❧✐❝❡ ❧❛
❣rá✜❝❛✳
❝ ✮ ✭✹✮ ❊①tr❡♠❡ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ f (x, y) = xy s✉❥❡t♦ ❛ y = x2 ✳

❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✺✻✳ ✭✶✼✮

d (a (t) · b (t) · c (t))
✶✳ ✭✸✮ ❉❡❞✉③❝❛ ✉♥❛ ❡①♣r❡s✐ó♥ ♣❛r❛ ❝❛❧❝✉❧❛r ❡ ✐♥❞✐q✉❡ q✉❡ r❡♣r❡✲
dt
s❡♥t❛✳ 
 z + x2 − 4 = 0
✷✳ ❉❛❞❛ ❧❛ ❝✉r✈❛ C : ✱ ❡♥ ❡❧ ♣r✐♠❡r ♦❝t❛♥t❡
x + y − 1 = 0
❛ ✮ ✭✺✮ ❘❡❛❧✐❝❡ ❧❛ r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❝✉r✈❛ ② ♣❛r❛♠❡tr✐❝❡✳
❜ ✮ ✭✸✮ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❡ ✉♥ ✈❡❝t♦r t❛♥❣❡♥t❡ ❡♥ ❧❛ ❝✉r✈❛ ❡♥ ❡❧ ♣✉♥t♦ q✉❡ ❡stá ❡♥ ❡❧ ♣❧❛♥♦
yz ✳
✸✳ ✭✺✮ ❉❛❞❛ ❧❛ s✉♣❡r✜❝✐❡ Σ : x = x (u, v)✱ ❝♦♥ x0 = x (u0 , v0 ) ∈ Σ✳ ❉❡❞✉③❝❛ ✉♥ ✈❡❝t♦r
♥♦r♠❛❧ ❡♥ ❡❧ ♣✉♥t♦ x0 ② r❡❛❧✐❝❡ ✉♥❛ ❣rá✜❝❛ ❝♦rr❡s♣♦♥❞✐❡♥t❡✳

❈❤❛ñ✐ ▼❛r❝♦s ❉❛r✐♦ ✶✹

❈❤❛ñ✐ ▼❛r❝♦s ❉❛r✐♦ ▼♦❞❡❧♦s Pr✐♠❡r ❊①❛♠❡♥ P❛r❝✐❛❧

❘❡❝✉♣❡r❛❝✐ó♥ Pr✐♠❡r ❊①❛♠❡♥ P❛r❝✐❛❧

❇❧♦q✉❡ ✶✳

❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✺✼✳ ✭✶✶✮

s
1 − x2 − y 2 1
✶✳ ❙❡❛ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ f (x, y) =
x2 + y 2 − 4 ln y
❛ ✮ ✭✸✮ ❉✐❜✉❥❡ ❡❧ ❞♦♠✐♥✐♦ ❞❡ f ✳
❜ ✮ ✭✹✮ ❉✐❜✉❥❡ ❧❛ ❢r♦♥t❡r❛ ❞❡❧ ❞♦♠✐♥✐♦ ② ❡①♣r❡s❡ ♣♦r ❝♦♠♣r❡s✐ó♥ ❧♦s ♣✉♥t♦s q✉❡
♣❡rt❡♥❡❝❡♥ ❛❧ ❞♦♠✐♥✐♦✳
❝ ✮ ✭✹✮❉❡ ❧❛ ❞❡✜♥✐❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❞✐st❛♥❝✐❛ ② ❞❡ ❞♦s ❡❥❡♠♣❧♦s✳

❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✺✽✳ ✭✶✵✮

✶✳ ✭✹✮ ❱❡r❞❛❞❡r♦ ♦ ❋❛❧s♦ ✓❙✐ f ∈ C 0 ❡♥ a ❡♥t♦♥❝❡s f ❡s ❞✐❢❡r❡♥❝✐❛❜❧❡ ❡♥ a✔✳
✷✳ ✭✹✮ ❉❡ ❧❛ ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❛❝✐ó♥ ❣❡♦♠étr✐❝❛ ❞❡ f ❞✐❢❡r❡♥❝✐❛❜❧❡ ❡♥ ✉♥ ♣✉♥t♦✳ ❘❡❛❧✐❝❡ ❧❛ ❣rá✜❝❛✳
✸✳ ✭✸✮ ❊♥✉♥❝✐❡ ✉♥❛ ❝♦♥❞✐❝✐ó♥ s✉✜❝✐❡♥t❡ ♣❛r❛ q✉❡ f s❡❛ ❞✐❢❡r❡♥❝✐❛❜❧❡✳

❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✺✾✳ ✭✶✶✮

✶✳ ✭✺✮ Pr✉❡❜❡ q✉❡ Du f (a) = ∇f (a) · u✳ ❉❡ ❝♦♥❞✐❝✐♦♥❡s✳
✷✳ ❉❛❞❛ f (x, y, z) = x + y 2 + zx✱ ❝❛❧❝✉❧❡ Du f (1, 1, 0)✱ s✐❡♥❞♦ u
❛ ✮ ✭✹✮ ❚❛♥❣❡♥t❡ ❛ ❧❛ s✉♣❡r✜❝✐❡ z − y 2 − 2 = 0 ❡♥ (2, 1, 3)✳
❜ ✮ ✭✷✮ ❉✐r❡❝❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ♠á①✐♠♦ ❝r❡❝✐♠✐❡♥t♦✳

❇❧♦q✉❡ ✷✳

❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✻✵✳ ✭✷✵✮

✶✳ ✭✹✮ ❙❡❛ f ✉♥❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ➽❙✐❡♠♣r❡ s❡ ✈❡r✐✜❝❛ q✉❡ fxy = fyx ❄ ❏✉st✐✜❝❛r✳
✷✳ ✭✻✮ ❙❡❛ f (x, y) = φ (x, 2x + 3y, 4z)✳ Pr✉❡❜❡ q✉❡ fxyz (1, 0, 0) = fyzx (1, 0, 0)✳ ❉❡
❝♦♥❞✐❝✐♦♥❡s✳
✸✳ ✭✼✮ ❊♥✉♥❝✐❡
 ❡❧ ❚❡♦r❡♠❛ ❞❡ ❧❛ ●❡♥❡r❛❧✐③❛❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❘❡❣❧❛ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❝❛❞❡♥❛✳
 u = e y + x2  xy 
✹✳ ✭✸✮ ❙❡❛ ❝♦♥ (x, y) = (1, 0) ② (u, v) = (2, 3)✳ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ J ❡♥ ❡❧
v = xy + 3 uv
♣✉♥t♦ ✐♥❞✐❝❛❞♦✳

❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✻✶✳ ✭✶✷✮


F (x, y, u, v) = 0
✶✳ ✭✹✮ ❙❡❛ ❡❧ s✐st❡♠❛ ② ❡❧ ♣✉♥t♦ (x0 , y0 , u0 , v0 )✱ ❡st❛❜❧❡③❝❛ ❧❛s
G (x, y, u, v) = 0
❤✐♣ót❡s✐s ♣❛r❛ q✉❡ ❡①✐st❛♥ u = u (x, y) ❡ v = v (x, y) ❡♥ Nδ (x0 , y0 )✳ ❊s❝r✐❜❛ ❧❛s
♣r♦♣✐❡❞❛❞❡s✳
✷✳ ❙❡❛ F (x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 + z 2 − 6 = 0 ② ❡❧ ♣✉♥t♦ x0 = (1, 1, 2) q✉❡ ❞❡✜♥❡ ❛ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥
x = x (y, z) ❡♥ Nδ (1, 2)✳
zy
❛ ✮ ✭✺✮ ❙✐ xzy = − 2 ✱ ❝❛❧❝✉❧❡ xzyz (1, 2)✳
x
❜ ✮ ✭✸✮ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❡ ❡♥ ❢♦r♠❛ ❛♣r♦①✐♠❛❞❛ x (0✳9, 2✳02)✳
❈❤❛ñ✐ ▼❛r❝♦s ❉❛r✐♦ ✶✺
❈❤❛ñ✐ ▼❛r❝♦s ❉❛r✐♦ ▼♦❞❡❧♦s Pr✐♠❡r ❊①❛♠❡♥ P❛r❝✐❛❧

❇❧♦q✉❡ ✸✳

❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✻✷✳ ✭✶✵✮

✶✳ ✭✸✮ ❊♥✉♥❝✐❡ ✉♥❛ ❝♦♥❞✐❝✐ó♥ s✉✜❝✐❡♥t❡ ♣❛r❛ q✉❡ f (a)s❡❛ ♠á①✐♠♦ r❡❧❛t✐✈♦✳
✷✳ ✭✹✮ ❉❡♠✉❡str❡ ❧♦ ❡♥✉♥❝✐❛❞♦ ❛♥t❡r✐♦r♠❡♥t❡✳
✸✳ ✭✸✮ ❱❡r❞❛❞❡r♦ ♦ ❋❛❧s♦ ✓❙✐ f t✐❡♥❡ ♠á①✐♠♦ r❡❧❛t✐✈♦ ❡♥ a✱ ❡♥t♦♥❝❡s ∇f (a) = 0✔
❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✻✸✳ ✭✾✮
✶✳ ✭✹✮ ❉❛❞♦ ❡❧ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠❛ ❞❡ ❡①tr❡♠♦s ❧✐❣❛❞♦s ✓❊①tr❡♠❛r ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ f (x, y)✱ s✉❥❡t♦ ❛
g (x, y) = 0✔✳ ●rá✜❝❛♠❡♥t❡ ❞❡❞✉❝✐r q✉❡ ∇L (x, y) = ∇f (x, y) + λ∇g (x, y)✳
✷✳ ✭✺✮ ❊①tr❡♠❡ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ f (x, y) = x2 + y 2 s✉❥❡t♦ ❛ y = x2 + 1✳ ❘❡❛❧✐❝❡ ✉♥❛ ✐♥t❡r♣r❡✲
t❛❝✐ó♥ ❣rá✜❝❛✳
❊❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦ ✻✹✳ ✭✶✻✮
d (a (t) · b (t))
✶✳ ✭✸✮ ❉❡❞✉③❝❛ ✉♥❛ ❡①♣r❡s✐ó♥ ♣❛r❛ ❝❛❧❝✉❧❛r ❡ ✐♥❞✐q✉❡ q✉❡ r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛✳
dt
✷✳ ✭✸✮ ❉❡❞✉③❝❛ ❧❛ ❡①♣r❡s✐ó♥
 ❞❡ ❧♦s ✈❡❝t♦r❡s T ② N ✳
 z = x2
✸✳ ✭✹✮ ❉❛❞❛ ❧❛ ❝✉r✈❛ C : ✱ r❡❛❧✐❝❡ ❧❛ r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❝✉r✈❛ ②
 x2 + y 2 − 1 = 0
♣❛r❛♠❡tr✐❝❡✳
✹✳ ✭✸✮ ❉❛❞❛ ❧❛ s✉♣❡r✜❝✐❡ Σ : x = x (u, v)✱ ♣✉❡❞❡ ❡①♣r❡s❛rs❡ ❡♥ ❢♦r♠❛ ❡①♣❧í❝✐t❛✳
✺✳ ✭✸✮ ❉❡❞✉③❝❛ ✉♥ ✈❡❝t♦r t❛♥❣❡♥t❡ ❛ Σ : x = x (u, v) ❡♥ ✉♥ ♣✉♥t♦ x0 ✳ ❊①♣❧✐❝❛r ❝❛❞❛
tér♠✐♥♦✳

❈❤❛ñ✐ ▼❛r❝♦s ❉❛r✐♦ ✶✻