Relación variable aleatoria

Estadística
Universidad de Almería (UAL)
5 pag.

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❊❙❚❆❉❮❙❚■❈❆
●r❛❞♦ ❡♥ ❆❉❊✱ ❋❨❈❖✱ ▼❛r❦❡t✐♥❣ ② ❊❝♦♥♦♠í❛
❯♥✐✈❡rs✐❞❛❞ ❞❡ ❆❧♠❡rí❛

❈✉rs♦ ✷✵✶✻✲✷✵✶✼

❘❡❧❛❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❡❥❡r❝✐❝✐♦s ❞❡ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡ ❛❧❡❛t♦r✐❛

✶✳ ❙❡❛ X ✉♥❛ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡ ❛❧❡❛t♦r✐❛ ❞✐s❝r❡t❛ q✉❡ t✐❡♥❡ ✉♥❛ ❞✐str✐❜✉❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ♣r♦❜❛❜✐❧✐❞❛❞ ❞❛❞❛
♣♦r✿

cx ♣❛r❛ x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
P (X = x) =
0 ♦tr♦ ❝❛s♦
❛✮ ❍❛❧❧❛ ❡❧ ✈❛❧♦r ❞❡ ❧❛ ❝♦♥st❛♥t❡ c✳
❜✮ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❛ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❞✐str✐❜✉❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ X✳
❝✮ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❛ P (1 ≤ X ≤ 2,7)✱ P (X ≤ 2,7)✱ P (X > 3)✱ P (X > 1/X ≤ 3)✳
❞✮ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❛ ❧❛ ♠❡❞✐❛♥❛ ② ❡❧ ♣❡r❝❡♥t✐❧ ✾✵✳

✷✳ ❙❡❛ X ❧❛ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡ ❛❧❡❛t♦r✐❛ q✉❡ r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛ ❡❧ ♥ú♠❡r♦ ❞❡ ❝❛r❛s ♦❜t❡♥✐❞❛s ❛❧ ❧❛♥③❛r ✉♥❛
♠♦♥❡❞❛ tr❡s ✈❡❝❡s✳ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❛ ❧❛ ❞✐str✐❜✉❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ♣r♦❜❛❜✐❧✐❞❛❞ ❞❡ X✳

✸✳ ❙❡ ❧❛♥③❛ ✉♥ ❞❛❞♦ ✷ ✈❡❝❡s ② s❡ ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r❛ ❧❛ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡ ❛❧❡❛t♦r✐❛ q✉❡ r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛ ❧❛ s✉♠❛

❞❡ ❧♦s ♥ú♠❡r♦s ♦❜t❡♥✐❞♦s✳ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❛ ❧❛ ❞✐str✐❜✉❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ♣r♦❜❛❜✐❧✐❞❛❞✳

✹✳ ❊❧ ♥ú♠❡r♦ ❞❡ ✈✐r✉s✱ X✱ ❞❡t❡❝t❛❞♦s ♣♦r ✉♥ ♣r♦❣r❛♠❛ ❛♥t✐✈✐r✉s s✐❣✉❡ ✉♥❛ ❞✐str✐❜✉❝✐ó♥

❞❛❞❛ ♣♦r✿
❳ ✵ ✶ ✷ ✸ ✹ ✺ ✻ ✼ ✽
P✭❳❂①✮ ✵✳✵✹ ✵✳✵✹ ❦ ✵✳✶✶ ✵✳✸✵ ✵✳✷✸ ✵✳✶✵ ✵✳✵✺ ✵✳✵✸

❛✮ ❍❛❧❧❛ ❡❧ ✈❛❧♦r ❞❡ k✳
❜✮ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❛ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❞✐str✐❜✉❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ X✳
❝✮ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❛ P (2 < X < 5)✱ P (X ≥ 7)✱ P (X ≤ 6/X > 3)✳
❞✮ ➽❈✉á❧ ❡s ❡❧ ♥ú♠❡r♦ ❞❡ ✈✐r✉s ♠ás ❤❛❜✐t✉❛❧❄

✺✳ ❙✉♣♦♥❣❛♠♦s q✉❡ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❞❡♥s✐❞❛❞ ❞❡ ✉♥❛ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡ ❛❧❡❛t♦r✐❛ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛ X ❡s

 4
(1 − x3 ) ♣❛r❛ 0≤x≤1
f (x) = 3
0 ❡♥ ♦tr♦ ❝❛s♦
❛✮ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❛ ❡❧ ✈❛❧♦r ❞❡ ❧❛s ♣r♦❜❛❜✐❧✐❞❛❞❡s s✐❣✉✐❡♥t❡s✿
1 1 3 1
P (X < ) P ( < X < ) P (X > )
2 4 4 3
❜✮ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❛ ❧❛ ♠♦❞❛✳

✻✳ ❙❡❛ X ✉♥❛ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡ ❛❧❡❛t♦r✐❛ ❝♦♥ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❞❡♥s✐❞❛❞✿

 1
x ♣❛r❛ 0≤x≤4
f (x) = 8
0 ❡♥ ♦tr♦ ❝❛s♦
❛✮ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❛ ❡❧ ✈❛❧♦r ❞❡ t t❛❧ q✉❡ P (X ≤ t) = 1
4
✳ ■♥t❡r♣r❡t❛ ❡❧ ✈❛❧♦r ♦❜t❡♥✐❞♦✳
❜✮ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❛ ❡❧ ✈❛❧♦r ❞❡ t t❛❧ q✉❡ P (X ≥ t) = 1
2
✳ ■♥t❡r♣r❡t❛ ❡❧ ✈❛❧♦r ♦❜t❡♥✐❞♦✳

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 ✼✳ ❯♥❛ ❝♦♦♣❡r❛t✐✈❛ ❛❣rí❝♦❧❛ s❡ ❡♥❝❛r❣❛ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❝♦♠❡r❝✐❛❧✐③❛❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ tr✐❣♦✳ P❛r❛ ♣❧❛♥✐✜❝❛r ❧❛
❝❛♠♣❛ñ❛✱ s❡ s♦❧✐❝✐t❛ ❧❛ ❝♦❧❛❜♦r❛❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ✉♥ té❝♥✐❝♦ ♣❛r❛ ❡✈❛❧✉❛r ❧❛ ♣r♦❞✉❝❝✐ó♥ ❡♥ ❧❛ ♣ró✲
①✐♠❛ ❝♦s❡❝❤❛ ② ❛✜r♠❛ q✉❡ ❧❛ ♣r♦❞✉❝❝✐ó♥ X ✱ ❡♥ ♠✐❧❡s ❞❡ t♦♥❡❧❛❞❛s✱ ♣✉❡❞❡ r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛rs❡
♠❡❞✐❛♥t❡ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❞❡♥s✐❞❛❞✿
♣❛r❛ 0 < x ≤ 1

 x
f (x) = 2−x ♣❛r❛ 1 ≤ x ≤ 2
 0 ❡♥ ♦tr♦ ❝❛s♦
❛ ✮ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❛ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❞✐str✐❜✉❝✐ó♥ ❛s♦❝✐❛❞❛ ❛ ❧❛ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡ ♣r♦❞✉❝❝✐ó♥✳
❜ ✮ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❛ ❧❛ ♣r♦❞✉❝❝✐ó♥ ❡s♣❡r❛❞❛✳
❝ ✮ ❙❛❜✐❡♥❞♦ q✉❡ ❧❛ ❝❛♥t✐❞❛❞ ♠í♥✐♠❛ ❞❡ ♣r♦❞✉❝❝✐ó♥ ❣❛r❛♥t✐③❛❞❛ ❡s ❞❡ ✸✵✵ t♦♥❡❧❛❞❛s✱
❝❛❧❝✉❧❛ ❧❛ ♣r♦❜❛❜✐❧✐❞❛❞ ❞❡ q✉❡ ❧❛ ♣r♦❞✉❝❝✐ó♥ t♦t❛❧ ♥♦ s✉♣❡r❡ ❧❛s ✶✺✵✵ t♦♥❡❧❛❞❛s✳

✽✳ ▲❛ ❞❡♠❛♥❞❛ s❡♠❛♥❛❧ ❞❡ ❝✐❡rt❛ ♠❛t❡r✐❛ ♣r✐♠❛ ♣♦r ♣❛rt❡ ❞❡ ✉♥❛ ❡♠♣r❡s❛ ❡s ✉♥❛ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡
❛❧❡❛t♦r✐❛ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛ ❝♦♥ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❞❡♥s✐❞❛❞
k(x − 1)2 ♣❛r❛ 1 < x < 3

f (x) =
0 ❡♥ ♦tr♦ ❝❛s♦
❛ ✮ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❛ ❡❧ ✈❛❧♦r ❞❡ ❧❛ ❝♦♥st❛♥t❡ k ♣❛r❛ q✉❡ f s❡❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❞❡♥s✐❞❛❞✳
❜ ✮ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❛ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❞✐str✐❜✉❝✐ó♥✳
❝ ✮ ➽◗✉é st♦❝❦ ❞❡❜❡ ❞✐s♣♦♥❡r ❧❛ ❡♠♣r❡s❛ ❛❧ ♣r✐♥❝✐♣✐♦ ❞❡ ❧❛ s❡♠❛♥❛ ♣❛r❛ ❣❛r❛♥t✐③❛r
q✉❡ s❡ ❛t✐❡♥❞❡ ❧❛ ❞❡♠❛♥❞❛ s❡♠❛♥❛❧ ❝♦♥ ✉♥❛ ♣r♦❜❛❜✐❧✐❞❛❞ ❞❡ 0,95❄

✾✳ ▲❛ ❞✉r❛❝✐ó♥ ❡♥ ♠✐♥✉t♦s ❞❡ ✉♥❛ ❧❧❛♠❛❞❛ t❡❧❡❢ó♥✐❝❛ s✐❣✉❡ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❞✐str✐❜✉❝✐ó♥

s✐❣✉✐❡♥t❡✿
s✐ x < 0

0
F (x) =
1 − e−x s✐ x ≥ 0
❈❛❧❝✉❧❛✿
❛ ✮ ▲❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❞❡♥s✐❞❛❞ ❞❡ ❧❛ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡ ❛❧❡❛t♦r✐❛✳
❜ ✮ ▲❛ ♣r♦❜❛❜✐❧✐❞❛❞ ❞❡ q✉❡ ✉♥❛ ❧❧❛♠❛❞❛ ❞✉r❡ ♠ás ❞❡ ✶ ♠✐♥✉t♦ ② ♠❡♥♦s ❞❡ ✷✳
❝ ✮ ▲❛ ♣r♦❜❛❜✐❧✐❞❛❞ ❞❡ q✉❡ ✉♥❛ ❧❧❛♠❛❞❛ ❞✉r❡ ♠ás ❞❡ ✸ ♠✐♥✉t♦s✱ s✐ ❞✉ró ♠❡♥♦s ❞❡ ✺
♠✐♥✉t♦s✳
❞ ✮ ➽❈✉á❧ ❡s ❧❛ ❞✉r❛❝✐ó♥ ♠í♥✐♠❛ ❞❡❧ ✷✺ ✪ ❞❡ ❧❛s ❧❧❛♠❛❞❛s ♠ás ❧❛r❣❛s❄

✶✵✳ ❯♥❛ ❞❡t❡r♠✐♥❛❞❛ ♠❛r❝❛ ❞❡ ❝♦❝❤❡s✱ ❛♥t❡ ❧❛ ❝♦♠♣❡t❡♥❝✐❛ ❡①✐st❡♥t❡ ❡♥ ❡❧ ♠❡r❝❛❞♦ ♣❛r❛
❧❛ ✈❡♥t❛ ❞❡ ❝♦❝❤❡s ♥✉❡✈♦s✱ ❤❛ ❞❡❝✐❞✐❞♦ r❡❜❛❥❛r s✉s ♣r❡❝✐♦s ❝♦♥ ❡❧ ✜♥ ❞❡ ❛✉♠❡♥t❛r
s✉s ✈❡♥t❛s ② ❞✐s♠✐♥✉✐r s✉s ❡①✐st❡♥❝✐❛s✳ ❊❧ ❞✐r❡❝t♦r ❝♦♠❡r❝✐❛❧ ❤❛ ❡st✐♠❛❞♦ ❧❛ s✐❣✉✐❡♥t❡
❞✐str✐❜✉❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ♣r♦❜❛❜✐❧✐❞❛❞ ❞❡❧ ♥ú♠❡r♦ t♦t❛❧ X ❞❡ ❝♦❝❤❡s q✉❡ s❡ ✈❡♥❞❡rá♥ ❡❧ ♣ró①✐♠♦
♠❡s ❞❡s♣✉és ❞❡ r❡❜❛❥❛r ❧♦s ♣r❡❝✐♦s✳
❳ ✵ ✶ ✷ ✸ ✹
P✭❳❂①✮ ✵✳✵✺ ✵✳✶✺ ✵✳✸✺ ✵✳✷✺ ✵✳✷✵
❖❜té♥ ❡❧ ♥ú♠❡r♦ ♠❡❞✐♦ ② ❧❛ ❞❡s✈✐❛❝✐ó♥ tí♣✐❝❛ ❞❡❧ ♥ú♠❡r♦ ❞❡ ❝♦❝❤❡s q✉❡ ❡s♣❡r❛
✈❡♥❞❡r✳

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✶✶✳ ❯♥ ❜❛r❝♦ ♣❡sq✉❡r♦ ❝❛♣t✉r❛ ✉♥ ♥ú♠❡r♦ ❞❡ t♦♥❡❧❛❞❛s ❞❡ ♣❡s❝❛❞♦ ❞❡s❝r✐t♦ ♣♦r ❧❛ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡
❛❧❡❛t♦r✐❛ X ❝♦♥ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❞❡♥s✐❞❛❞

kx2 0 ≤ x ≤ 1
f (x) =
0 ❡♥ ❡❧ r❡st♦
❙❛❜✐❡♥❞♦ q✉❡ ❡❧ ✐♥❣r❡s♦ ❞❡❧ ♣❡sq✉❡r♦ ❡s ❞❡ ✸✵✵ ❡✉r♦s ♣♦r t♦♥❡❧❛❞❛ ❝❛♣t✉r❛❞❛ ② q✉❡
❡❧ ❣❛st♦ ✜❥♦ ❡s ✷✺ ❡✉r♦s✱ ❝❛❧❝✉❧❛✿
❛ ✮ ❊❧ ✈❛❧♦r ❞❡ k ♣❛r❛ q✉❡ s❡❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❞❡♥s✐❞❛❞✳
❜ ✮ ❊❧ ♥ú♠❡r♦ ❡s♣❡r❛❞♦ ❞❡ t♦♥❡❧❛❞❛s ❝❛♣t✉r❛❞❛s✳
❝ ✮ ❊s♣❡r❛♥③❛ ② ✈❛r✐❛♥③❛ ❞❡ ❧♦s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐♦s✳

✶✷✳ ▲❛ r❡♠✉♥❡r❛❝✐ó♥ s❡♠❛♥❛❧ ❞❡ ❧♦s ❡♠♣❧❡❛❞♦s ❝♦♠❡r❝✐❛❧❡s ❞❡ ✉♥ ❝♦♥❝❡s✐♦♥❛r✐♦ ❞❡ ❛✉✲

t♦♠ó✈✐❧❡s ❞❡ ❧✉❥♦ ❡stá ❝♦♠♣✉❡st❛ ♣♦r ✉♥ s✉❡❧❞♦ ✜❥♦ ❞❡ ✻✵✵ ❡✉r♦s ② ✉♥❛ ❝♦♠✐s✐ó♥ ❞❡
✶✵✵ ❡✉r♦s ♣♦r ❝❛❞❛ ❝♦❝❤❡ ✈❡♥❞✐❞♦✳ ▲❛s ♣r♦❜❛❜✐❧✐❞❛❞❡s ❞❡ q✉❡ ✉♥ ❡♠♣❧❡❛❞♦ ✈❡♥❞❛ ✉♥
♥ú♠❡r♦ ❞❡ ❝♦❝❤❡s ✭X ✮ ❡♥ ✉♥❛ s❡♠❛♥❛ s♦♥ ❧❛s s✐❣✉✐❡♥t❡s✿
xi ✵ ✶ ✷ ✸ ✹ ✺
P (X = xi ) ✵✳✶ ✵✳✸ ✵✳✸ ❛ ✵✳✵✺ ✵✳✵✺
❛ ✮ ➽❈✉á❧ s❡rá ❧❛ r❡♠✉♥❡r❛❝✐ó♥ s❡♠❛♥❛❧ ♠❡❞✐❛ ♣♦r ❡♠♣❧❡❛❞♦ ② s✉ ❞❡s✈✐❛❝✐ó♥ tí♣✐❝❛❄
❜ ✮ ❖❜té♥ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❞✐str✐❜✉❝✐ó♥ ❞❡❧ ♥ú♠❡r♦ ❞❡ ❝♦❝❤❡s ✈❡♥❞✐❞♦✳
❝ ✮ ❙✐ ❧❛ ❡♠♣r❡s❛ t✐❡♥❡ ♦❝❤♦ ✈❡♥❞❡❞♦r❡s✱ ➽❛ ❝✉á♥t♦ ❞❡❜❡rí❛ ❛s❝❡♥❞❡r ❧❛ ❝♦♠✐s✐ó♥ ♣♦r
❝❛❞❛ ❝♦❝❤❡ ✈❡♥❞✐❞♦ s✐ s❡ ♣r❡t❡♥❞❡ q✉❡ ❧❛ ❡♠♣r❡s❛ ❞❡st✐♥❡ ❛ ♣❛❣♦s ♣❛r❛ ❧♦s ❡♠♣❧❡❛✲
❞♦s ✉♥❛ ❝❛♥t✐❞❛❞ ♠❡❞✐❛ s❡♠❛♥❛❧ ❞❡ ✼✵✵✵ ❡✉r♦s❄

✶✸✳ ❊❧ ❞❡♣❛rt❛♠❡♥t♦ ❞❡ ♠❛r❦❡t✐♥❣ ❞❡ ✉♥❛ ♠❛r❝❛ ❞❡ ❛✉t♦♠ó✈✐❧❡s ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r❛ q✉❡ ❡❧ t✐❡♠♣♦

q✉❡ tr❛♥s❝✉rr❡ ♣❛r❛ ❧❛ r❡♥♦✈❛❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ✉♥ ❛✉t♦♠ó✈✐❧ ♣♦r ♣❛rt❡ ❞❡ s✉ ❝❧✐❡♥t❡ tí♣✐❝♦ ♣✉❡❞❡
r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛rs❡ ♣♦r ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❞❡♥s✐❞❛❞✿
 1 2
x 0<x<k
f (x) = 72
0❡♥ ♦tr♦ ❝❛s♦
❞♦♥❞❡ X ❡stá ♠❡❞✐❞❛ ❡♥ ❛ñ♦s✱ ♣❡r♦ ♣✉❡❞❡ t♦♠❛r ❝✉❛❧q✉✐❡r ✈❛❧♦r ❞❡❝✐♠❛❧✳ ❙❡ ♣✐❞❡✿
❛ ✮ ➽◗✉é t✐❡♠♣♦ t❛r❞❛ ❝♦♠♦ ♠á①✐♠♦ ✉♥ ❝❧✐❡♥t❡ ❡♥ r❡♥♦✈❛r s✉ ✈❡❤í❝✉❧♦❄
❜ ✮ ➽◗✉é ♣r♦❜❛❜✐❧✐❞❛❞ ❤❛② ❞❡ q✉❡ tr❛♥s❝✉rr❛♥ ♠ás ❞❡ ✸ ❛ñ♦s ♣❛r❛ ❧❛ r❡♥♦✈❛❝✐ó♥❄
❝ ✮ ➽❈✉á❧ ❡s ❧❛ ♣r♦❜❛❜✐❧✐❞❛❞ ❞❡ q✉❡ ✉♥❛ ❢❛♠✐❧✐❛ t❛r❞❡ ♠ás ❞❡ ✺ ❛ñ♦s ❡♥ r❡♥♦✈❛r s✉
❛✉t♦♠ó✈✐❧✱ s✉♣✉❡st♦ q✉❡ ②❛ ❤❛♥ ♣❛s❛❞♦ ♠ás ❞❡ ✸ ❛ñ♦s ❞❡s❞❡ ❧❛ ❝♦♠♣r❛ ❞❡❧ ❛❝t✉❛❧❄

✶✹✳ ❊❧ ♣♦r❝❡♥t❛❥❡ r❡❛❧ ❞❡ ③✉♠♦ ❞❡ ♥❛r❛♥❥❛ q✉❡ ♣♦s❡❡♥ ❧♦s r❡❢r❡s❝♦s ❝♦♥ ❣❛s ❢❛❜r✐❝❛❞♦s
♣♦r ✉♥❛ ❞❡t❡r♠✐♥❛❞❛ ❝♦♠♣❛ñí❛ ❡s ✉♥❛ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡ ❛❧❡❛t♦r✐❛ ❝♦♥ ❧❛ s✐❣✉✐❡♥t❡ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ❞❡
❞❡♥s✐❞❛❞✿
♣❛r❛ a ≤ x < 7,5
 3
 4
f (x) = 1 − (8 − x)2 ♣❛r❛ 7,5 ≤ x < 8,5

0 ❡♥ ♦tr♦ ❝❛s♦
s✐❡♥❞♦ a ✉♥❛ ❝❛♥t✐❞❛❞ ❝♦♥st❛♥t❡✳
❛ ✮ ❖❜té♥ ❡❧ ♣♦r❝❡♥t❛❥❡ ♠í♥✐♠♦ ❞❡ ③✉♠♦ ❞❡ ♥❛r❛♥❥❛ q✉❡ ♣♦s❡❡♥ ❡st♦s r❡❢r❡s❝♦s✳
❜ ✮ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❛ ❡❧ ♣♦r❝❡♥t❛❥❡ ♠ás ❢r❡❝✉❡♥t❡ ❞❡ ③✉♠♦ ❞❡ ♥❛r❛♥❥❛ ❞❡ ❡st♦s r❡❢r❡s❝♦s✳
❝ ✮ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❛ ❧❛ ♣r♦❜❛❜✐❧✐❞❛❞ ❞❡ q✉❡ ✉♥ ❜♦t❡ ❞❡ ❡st♦s r❡❢r❡s❝♦s✱ ❡❧❡❣✐❞♦ ❛❧ ❛③❛r✱ t❡♥❣❛
❛❧ ♠❡♥♦s ✉♥ ✽ ✪ ❞❡ ③✉♠♦ ❞❡ ♥❛r❛♥❥❛✳
❞ ✮ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❛ ❡❧ ✈❛❧♦r ❞❡ t t❛❧ q✉❡ P (X ≤ t) = 0,05. ■♥t❡r♣r❡t❛ ❡❧ ✈❛❧♦r ♦❜t❡♥✐❞♦✳

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✶✺✳ ▲❛ ❞✉r❛❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❧❛s ❜♦♠❜✐❧❧❛s ❞❡ ✉♥❛ ❞❡t❡r♠✐♥❛❞❛ ♠❛r❝❛✱ ❡♥ ♠❡s❡s✱ ❡s ✉♥❛ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡
❛❧❡❛t♦r✐❛ ❝♦♥ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❞❡♥s✐❞❛❞✿
 k
x4
x≥1
f (x) =
0 ❡♥ ♦tr♦ ❝❛s♦
❛✮ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❛ ❡❧ ✈❛❧♦r ❞❡ k ♣❛r❛ q✉❡ f (x) s❡❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❞❡♥s✐❞❛❞✳
❜✮ ➽❈✉á❧ ❡s ❧❛ ❞✉r❛❝✐ó♥ ♠❡❞✐❛ ❞❡ ✉♥❛ ❜♦♠❜✐❧❧❛❄
❝✮ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❛ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❞✐str✐❜✉❝✐ó♥✳
❞✮ ❍❛❧❧❛ ❧❛ ♣r♦❜❛❜✐❧✐❞❛❞ ❞❡ q✉❡ ✉♥❛ ❜♦♠❜✐❧❧❛ ❡❧❡❣✐❞❛ ❛❧ ❛③❛r✱ ❞✉r❡ ♠ás ❞❡ ✺ ♠❡s❡s✳

✶✻✳ ▲❛ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡ ❛❧❡❛t♦r✐❛✱ q✉❡ r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛ ❧♦s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐♦s✱ ❡♥ 104 ❡✉r♦s✱ ❞❡ ✉♥❛ ❞❡t❡r♠✐♥❛❞❛
❡♠♣r❡s❛ ❡♥ ✉♥ ♠❡s✱ t✐❡♥❡ ❧❛ s✐❣✉✐❡♥t❡ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❞✐str✐❜✉❝✐ó♥✿

♣❛r❛ x < 0

 0
♣❛r❛ 0 ≤ x < 1

 x
F (x) = 2
x
+ 1
♣❛r❛ 1 ≤ x < 4
 16 3

♣❛r❛ x ≥ 4


❛ ✮ ❖❜té♥ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❞❡♥s✐❞❛❞ ❞❡ ❧❛ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡ ❛❧❡❛t♦r✐❛✳

❜ ✮ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❛ ❧❛ ♣r♦❜❛❜✐❧✐❞❛❞ ❞❡ q✉❡ ❡♥ ✉♥ ♠❡s ❧♦s ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐♦s s❡❛♥ s✉♣❡r✐♦r❡s ❛ ✺✵✵✵
❡✉r♦s ❡ ✐♥❢❡r✐♦r❡s ❛ ✷✺✵✵✵ ❡✉r♦s✳
❝ ✮ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❛ ❡❧ ✈❛❧♦r ❞❡ t t❛❧ q✉❡ P (X ≥ t) = 21 ✳ ■♥t❡r♣r❡t❛ ❡❧ ✈❛❧♦r ♦❜t❡♥✐❞♦✳

✶✼✳ ❈♦♥ ♦❜❥❡t♦ ❞❡ ❡st❛❜❧❡❝❡r ✉♥ ♣❧❛♥ ❞❡ ♣r♦❞✉❝❝✐ó♥✱ ✉♥❛ ❡♠♣r❡s❛ ❤❛ ❡st✐♠❛❞♦ q✉❡ ❧❛
❞❡♠❛♥❞❛ ❞❡ ✉♥ ♣r♦❞✉❝t♦ ♣♦r ♣❛rt❡ ❞❡ s✉s ♣♦t❡♥❝✐❛❧❡s ❝❧✐❡♥t❡s✱ s❡ ❝♦♠♣♦rt❛rá s❡♠❛✲
♥❛❧♠❡♥t❡ s❡❣ú♥ ✉♥❛ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡ ❛❧❡❛t♦r✐❛ ❝♦♥ ❧❛ s✐❣✉✐❡♥t❡ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❞❡♥s✐❞❛❞✿

♣❛r❛ 0 ≤ x ≤ 2
 3
(4x − 2x2 )
f (x) = 8
0 ❡♥ ♦tr♦ ❝❛s♦
❞♦♥❞❡ ✈✐❡♥❡ ❡①♣r❡s❛❞❛ ❡♥ ♠✐❧❡s ❞❡ ✉♥✐❞❛❞❡s✳
❛ ✮ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❛ ❧❛ ♣r♦❜❛❜✐❧✐❞❛❞ ❞❡ q✉❡ ✉♥❛ s❡♠❛♥❛ ✈❡♥❞❛ ♠ás ❞❡ ♠✐❧ ✉♥✐❞❛❞❡s ❞❡❧ ♣r♦✲
❞✉❝t♦✳
❜ ✮ ➽❈✉á❧ ❡s ❡❧ ♥ú♠❡r♦ ♠ás ♣r♦❜❛❜❧❡ ❞❡ ✉♥✐❞❛❞❡s ✈❡♥❞✐❞❛s s❡♠❛♥❛❧♠❡♥t❡❄
❝ ✮ ➽❈✉á❧ ❡s ❧❛ ❞❡♠❛♥❞❛ s❡♠❛♥❛❧ ❡s♣❡r❛❞❛❄
❞ ✮ ❙✐ ♣♦r ❝❛❞❛ ♠✐❧ ✉♥✐❞❛❞❡s ✈❡♥❞✐❞❛s ❧❛ ❡♠♣r❡s❛ t✐❡♥❡ ✉♥ ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐♦ ❞❡ ✺✳✵✵✵ ❡✉r♦s ②
✉♥♦s ❣❛st♦s s❡♠❛♥❛❧❡s ❞❡ ✸✵✵ ❡✉r♦s✳ ➽◗✉é ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐♦ ❡s♣❡r❛ ♦❜t❡♥❡r ❧❛ ❡♠♣r❡s❛ ❛❧
❝❛❜♦ ❞❡ ✉♥❛ s❡♠❛♥❛❄

✶✽✳ ❊❧ t✐❡♠♣♦✱ ❡♥ ❤♦r❛s✱ q✉❡ t❛r❞❛ ❡♥ ❢❛❜r✐❝❛rs❡ ✉♥ ❡❧❡❝tr♦❞♦♠ést✐❝♦ ❞❡ ❝✐❡rt♦ t✐♣♦ ❡s ✉♥❛
✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡ ❛❧❡❛t♦r✐❛ X ❝♦♥ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❞❡♥s✐❞❛❞✿

♣❛r❛ 0 ≤ x ≤ 4
 4−x
f (x) = 8
0 ❡♥ ♦tr♦ ❝❛s♦
❛ ✮ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❛ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❞✐str✐❜✉❝✐ó♥ ❛s♦❝✐❛❞❛ ❛ ❧❛ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡ ❛❧❡❛t♦r✐❛ X ✳
❜ ✮ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❛ ❧❛ ♣r♦❜❛❜✐❧✐❞❛❞ ❞❡ q✉❡ ✉♥ ❡❧❡❝tr♦❞♦♠ést✐❝♦ ❞❡ ❡st❡ t✐♣♦ t❛r❞❡ ❡♥tr❡ ✉♥❛
② tr❡s ❤♦r❛s ❡♥ ❢❛❜r✐❝❛rs❡✳
❝ ✮ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❛ ❧❛ ♠❡❞✐❛♥❛ ❞❡ ❧❛ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡ ❛❧❡❛t♦r✐❛ X ✳ ■♥t❡r♣r❡t❛ ❡❧ ✈❛❧♦r ♦❜t❡♥✐❞♦✳
❞ ✮ ❙✐ ❡❧ ❝♦st❡ ❞❡ ❢❛❜r✐❝❛❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ✉♥ ❡❧❡❝tr♦❞♦♠ést✐❝♦ ❞❡ ❡st❡ t✐♣♦ ❡s ❞❡ ✶✵✵ ❡✉r♦s ♠ás
✸✵ ❡✉r♦s ♣♦r ❝❛❞❛ ❤♦r❛ q✉❡ t❛r❞❛ ❡♥ ❢❛❜r✐❝❛rs❡✱ ❞❡t❡r♠✐♥❛ ❡❧ ❝♦st❡ ❞❡ ❢❛❜r✐❝❛❝✐ó♥
❡s♣❡r❛❞♦ ❞❡ ✉♥ ❡❧❡❝tr♦❞♦♠ést✐❝♦✳

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✶✾✳ ▲❛ ❞✉r❛❝✐ó♥✱ ❡♥ ♠✐❧❡s ❞❡ ❤♦r❛s✱ ❞❡ ❧❛s ❜♦♠❜✐❧❧❛s ❞❡ ✉♥❛ ❞❡t❡r♠✐♥❛❞❛ ♠❛r❝❛ ❡s ✉♥❛
✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡ ❛❧❡❛t♦r✐❛ X ❝♦♥ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥❞❡ ❞❡♥s✐❞❛❞✿
1 −
e
x
5♣❛r❛ x ≥ 0
f (x) =
❡♥ ♦tr♦ ❝❛s♦
5
0
❛ ✮ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❛ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❞✐str✐❜✉❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ X ✳
❜ ✮ ❈❛❧❝✉❧❛ ❧❛ ♣r♦❜❛❜✐❧✐❞❛❞ ❞❡ q✉❡ ✉♥❛ ❜♦♠❜✐❧❧❛ ❞❡ ❡s❛ ♠❛r❝❛ ❞✉r❡ ♠ás ❞❡ ✷✵✵✵ ❤♦r❛s✳
❝ ✮ ❙✐ ✉♥❛ ❜♦♠❜✐❧❧❛ ❞❡ ❡s❛ ♠❛r❝❛ ❧❧❡✈❛ ❡♥❝❡♥❞✐❞❛ ✷✵✵✵ ❤♦r❛s✱ ❞❡t❡r♠✐♥❛ ❧❛ ♣r♦❜❛❜✐❧✐❞❛❞
❞❡ q✉❡ ❞✉r❡ ♠ás ❞❡ ✹✵✵✵ ❤♦r❛s✳
❞ ✮ ➽❈✉á❧ ❡s ❧❛ ❞✉r❛❝✐ó♥ ♠í♥✐♠❛ ❞❡❧ ✶✵ ✪ ❞❡ ❧❛s ❜♦♠❜✐❧❧❛s q✉❡ ♠ás ❞✉r❛♥❄

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