lOMoARcPSD|8941196

S03.s2 - Limites Y Continuidad DE Funciones

matemática para los negocios II (Universidad Tecnológica del Perú)

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❈❛♣ít✉❧♦ ✷

▲❮▼■❚❊❙ ❨ ❈❖◆❚■◆❯■❉❆❉
◆✉♥❝❛ s❡ ❛❧❝❛♥③❛ ❧❛

✈❡r❞❛❞ t♦t❛❧✱ ♥✐ ♥✉♥❝❛

s❡ ❡stá t♦t❛❧♠❡♥t❡

❛❧❡❥❛❞♦ ❞❡ ❡❧❧❛✳

❆❘■❙❚Ó❚❊▲❊❙
▲❖●❘❖ ❉❊ ▲❆ ❙❊❙■Ó◆✿
✏❆❧ ✜♥❛❧✐③❛r ❧❛ s❡s✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❛♣r❡♥❞✐③❛❥❡ ❡❧ ❛❧✉♠♥♦ ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❝❛✱ ❝❛❧❝✉❧❛ ② ❞❡t❡r♠✐♥❛ ❧❛ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉✐❞❛❞
❞❡ ✉♥❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥✑

✷✳✶✳ ❈♦♥t✐♥✉✐❞❛❞ ❞❡ ✉♥❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥

❊❧ tér♠✐♥♦ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉♦ t✐❡♥❡ ❡❧ ♠✐s♠♦ s❡♥t✐❞♦ ❡♥ ♠❛t❡♠át✐❝❛ q✉❡ ❡♥ ❡❧ ❧❡♥❣✉❛❥❡ ❝♦t✐❞✐❛♥♦✳ ❉❡❝✐r
q✉❡ ✉♥❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ❢ ❡s ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛ ❡♥ x=a s✐❣♥✐✜❝❛ q✉❡ s✉ ❣rá✜❝❛ ♥♦ s✉❢r❡ ✐♥t❡rr✉♣❝✐ó♥ ❡♥ a✱ q✉❡ ♥✐
s❡ r♦♠♣❡✱ ♥✐ t✐❡♥❡ s❛❧t♦s ♦ ❤✉❡❝♦s✳ P♦r ❡❥❡♠♣❧♦✱

✷✳✷✳ ❉❡✜♥✐❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉✐❞❛❞

❉❡❝✐♠♦s q✉❡ ✉♥❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ❡s ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛ ❡♥ ✉♥ ♣✉♥t♦ x=c s✐ s❡ s❛t✐s❢❛❝❡♥ ❧❛s s✐❣✉✐❡♥t❡s tr❡s
❝♦♥❞✐❝✐♦♥❡s✿

✶✳ limf (x) ❡①✐st❡

x→c

✷✳ ❙✐ f (x) ❡①✐st❡

✸✳ ❙✐ limf (x) = f (c)✳

x→c

✷✵

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▲❮▼■❚❊❙ ❨ ❈❖◆❚■◆❯■❉❆❉

❊❥❡♠♣❧♦✳ ❊s ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥
( f (x) ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛ ❡♥ x=4
x2 − 6 −2 < x ≤ 4
f (x) =
3x − 2, 4 < x < 8

✷✳✸✳ ❉❡✜♥✐❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❞✐s❝♦♥t✐♥✉✐❞❛❞

❯♥❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ❡s ❞✐s❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛ s✐ ❛❧❣✉♥❛ ❞❡ ❧❛s ✸ ❝♦♥❞✐❝✐♦♥❡s ♠❡♥❝✐♦♥❛❞❛s ♥♦ ❝✉♠♣❧❡✳

❚✐♣♦s ❞❡ ❉✐s❝♦♥t✐♥✉✐❞❛❞

❊❥❡♠♣❧♦✳ ➽❊s ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛ ❡♥ x = 4❄ ➽❙✐ ♥♦ ❡s ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛ ❞❡ q✉❡ t✐♣♦ ❡s❄

(√
x + 5 − 3x −2 < x ≤ 4
f (x) = x2 −2
x−4 4<x<6

❯❚P ❙❡❞❡ ❆r❡q✉✐♣❛ Pá❣✐♥❛ ✷✶

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▲❮▼■❚❊❙ ❨ ❈❖◆❚■◆❯■❉❆❉

▼❆❚❊▼➪❚■❈❆ P❆❘❆ ▲❖❙ ◆❊●❖❈■❖❙ ✷

❙❡♠❛♥❛ ✸ ❙❡s✐ó♥ ✷

❊❏❊❘❈■❈■❖❙ ❊❳P▲■❈❆❚■❱❖❙
✶✳ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❡ ❧❛ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉✐❞❛❞ ♦ ❞✐s❝♦♥t✐♥✉✐✲ ✷✳ ❆♥❛❧✐❝❡ 
❧❛ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉✐❞❛❞ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ✿
3
x −8
❞❛❞ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ➽s✐ ❡s ❞✐s❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛ q✉❡  x−2 ,
 x<2
t✐♣♦ ❞❡ ❞✐s❝♦♥t✐♥✉✐❞❛❞ ♣r❡s❡♥t❛❄
 f (x) = 3, x=2
2
3 + x , x < −2

2x − 1, x > 2
 
f (x) = 7, x = −2 ✳

 2
11 − x , x > −2

❘P❚❆✿ ❙✐ ❡s ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛ ❘P❚❆✿ ◆♦ ❡s ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛

✸✳ ❆♥❛❧✐❝❡ (
❧❛ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉✐❞❛❞ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ✿ ✹✳ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❡ ❡❧ ✈❛❧♦r ❞❡ ♠ ② ♥ ♣❛r❛ q✉❡ ❧❛
x2 −1
f (x) = x−1 , x 6= 1 ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ 
s❡❛ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛✿ ✿
√
2, x=1 √2x + 4 − 3m, −1 < x ≤ 1

f (x) = 5x + 1 − n, 1<x<3
 √

2 2x + 3 + 4, 3 ≤ x ≤ 5

❘P❚❆✿ ❙✐ ❡s ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛ ❘P❚❆✿ n = −6, m = −2

❯❚P ❙❡❞❡ ❆r❡q✉✐♣❛ Pá❣✐♥❛ ✷✷

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▲❮▼■❚❊❙ ❨ ❈❖◆❚■◆❯■❉❆❉

✺✳ ❯♥ ❡❝♦♥♦♠✐st❛ ❞✐s❡ñó ❡❧ ❝♦st♦ ② ♣r♦✲ ✻✳ ❙❡ ❞✐s❡ñ❛ ❡❧ ♠♦❞❡❧♦ ♣❛r❛ ❡❧ ♣❛❣♦ ♣♦r ❝♦♥✲
❞✉❝❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ♣♦❧♦s ♣❛r❛ ✉♥❛ ❡♠♣r❡s❛✱ ❡♥ s✉♠♦ ❞❡ ▲✉③✱ s❡❣ú♥ ✉♥ r❛♥❣♦ ❞❡ ❦✐❧♦✲
❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❝❛♥t✐❞❛❞ ❞❡ ♣❡❞✐❞♦s✳ ▲❛ s✐✲ ✇❛tt ✉s❛❞♦✳ ❊❧ s✐❣✉✐❡♥t❡ ♠♦❞❡❧♦ ♠✉❡str❛
❣✉✐❡♥t❡ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ❈✭①✮ ❝♦st♦ ❞❡ ♣r♦❞✉❝❝✐ó♥ ❧❛ ❝❛♥t✐❞❛❞ ❛ ♣❛❣❛r ❡♥ s♦❧❡s ♣♦r ❦✐❧♦✇❛tt
♠✉❡str❛
 ❡❧ ♠♦❞❡❧♦✿ ❝♦♥s✉♠✐❞♦✿

x2 − 40x − 600, xǫ[1; 100] 2



30x + 500, x − 2x − 10, xǫ[0; 10]

xǫ < 100; 150 >
C(x) = P (x) = 3x + a, xǫ < 10; 20 >
 20x + 500, xǫ[150; 200 > 
2x + b, xǫ[20; 25 >
 
 50 √

3
3x + 20(x − 100), xǫ[200; 300]
➽❊s ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛ ♣❛r❛ ✉♥ ❝♦st♦ ❞❡ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❡ ❡❧ ✈❛❧♦r ❞❡ ❛✱ ❜ ♣❛r❛ q✉❡ ❡❧
♣r♦❞✉❝❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ✶✺✵ ♣♦❧♦s❄ ➽❊s ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ♠♦❞❡❧♦ s❡❛ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉♦ ❤❛st❛ ❧♦s ✷✺ ✇❛tts✳
❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛ ♣❛r❛ ✉♥ ❝♦st♦ ❞❡ ♣r♦❞✉❝❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ➽❈✉á♥t♦ ♣❛❣❛r✐❛ ♣♦r ✉♥ ❝♦♥s✉♠♦ ❞❡ ✶✺
✷✵✵ ♣♦❧♦s❄ ✇❛tts❄

❘P❚❆✿ ◆♦ ❡s ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛ ❡♥ ✶✺✵❀ ♥♦ ❡s ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛

❡♥ ✷✵✵ ❘P❚❆✿ ❛❂✹✵❀ ❜❂✻✵❀ P✭✶✺✮ ❂ ✽✺

✼✳ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❡ ❡❧ ✈❛❧♦r ❞❡ a ♣❛r❛ q✉❡ ❧❛ ❢✉♥✲ ✽✳ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❡ ❡❧ ✈❛❧♦r ❞❡ ♠ ② ♥ ♣❛r❛ q✉❡ ❧❛

❝✐ó♥ s❡❛(❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛✿ ✿ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ s❡❛ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛✿
ax2 + 3x − 1, x ≤ 1 
2
f (x) = 2 mx + 2n + 1, x < 2
√ x −1 , x>1

3x+1−2 f (x) = 2x + 1, x=2

n − 3mx + 3, x > 2


❘P❚❆✿ 2/3 ❘P❚❆✿ m = 0; n = 2

❯❚P ❙❡❞❡ ❆r❡q✉✐♣❛ Pá❣✐♥❛ ✷✸

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 lOMoARcPSD|8941196

▲❮▼■❚❊❙ ❨ ❈❖◆❚■◆❯■❉❆❉

▼❆❚❊▼➪❚■❈❆ P❆❘❆ ▲❖❙ ◆❊●❖❈■❖❙ ✷

❊❏❊❘❈■❈■❖❙ ❆❉■❈■❖◆❆▲❊❙
✶✳ ❆♥❛❧✐❝❡ ❧❛ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉✐❞❛❞ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ✿
( ✷✳ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❡ ❧❛ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉✐❞❛❞ ♦ ❞✐s❝♦♥t✐♥✉✐✲
x2 −1
, x 6= 1 ❞❛❞ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ② q✉❡ t✐♣♦ ❞❡ ❞✐s❝♦♥t✐✲
f (x) = x−1 ✳
2, x=1 ♥✉✐❞❛❞ ♣r❡s❡♥t❛❄
(
3x−5
−4 < x ≤ 1
f (x) = x+1
2x − 6 1 < x < 9

❘P❚❆✿ ❙✐ ❡s ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛ ❘P❚❆✿ ❉✐❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛

✸✳ ▲❛ ❡♠♣r❡s❛ ▼❡r❝❛♠♦✈✐❧ ❝♦♥tr❛t♦ ✉♥ ❛❞✲ ✹✳ ❙❡ ❞✐s❡ñ❛ ❡❧ ♠♦❞❡❧♦ ♣❛r❛ ❡❧ ♣❛❣♦ ♣♦r ❝♦♥✲

♠✐♥✐str❛❞♦r ♣❛r❛ ❞✐s❡ñ❛r ❡❧ ♠♦❞❡❧♦ ❞❡ ♣❛✲ s✉♠♦ ❞❡ ▲✉③✱ s❡❣ú♥ ✉♥ r❛♥❣♦ ❞❡ ❦✐❧♦✲

❣♦ ❞❡ ❝♦♥s✉♠♦ ❞❡ ✐♥t❡r♥❡t ❡♥ ♠ó✈✐❧❡s✱ s❡✲ ✇❛tt ✉s❛❞♦✳ ❊❧ s✐❣✉✐❡♥t❡ ♠♦❞❡❧♦ ♠✉❡str❛

❣ú♥ ✉♥ r❛♥❣♦ ❞❡ ♠❡❣❛s ✉s❛❞♦ ❡♥ ❧♦s ♠ó✈✐✲ ❧❛ ❝❛♥t✐❞❛❞ ❛ ♣❛❣❛r ❡♥ s♦❧❡s ♣♦r ❦✐❧♦✇❛tt

❧❡s✳ ❊❧ ❛❞♠✐♥✐str❛❞♦r ♣r❡s❡♥tó ❡❧ s✐❣✉✐❡♥t❡ ❝♦♥s✉♠✐❞♦✳


♠♦❞❡❧♦ q✉❡ ♠✉❡str❛ ❧❛ ❝❛♥t✐❞❛❞ ❛ ♣❛❣❛r 

 x2 − 3x − 16, xǫ[0; 7]

4x + 2a,
❡♥ s♦❧❡s ♣♦r ❧♦s ♠❡❣❛s ❝♦♥s✉♠✐❞♦s✿ xǫ < 7; 8 >

2 P (x) =
3x − 1,
 x ≤ −1 
 2x + b, xǫ[8; 12 >
P (x) = 2ax + 3b, −1 < x < 2


a + b + c + x, xǫ[12; 16]

4x + 7, x≥2

❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❡ ❡❧ ✈❛❧♦r ❞❡ ❛✱ ❜ ② ❝ ♣❛r❛ q✉❡
❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❛r ❡❧ ✈❛❧♦r ❞❡ a ② b ♣❛r❛ q✉❡ ❡❧
❡❧ ♠♦❞❡❧♦ s❡❛ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉♦ ❤❛st❛ ❧♦s ✶✻ ✇❛tts
♠♦❞❡❧♦ s❡❛ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉♦
➽❈✉á♥t♦ ♣❛❣❛r✐❛ ♣♦r ✉♥ ❝♦♥s✉♠♦ ❞❡ ✶✵

✇❛tts❄

❘P❚❆✿ a = 13/6; b = 19/9 ❘P❚❆✿ a = −8; b = 0; c = 20

❯❚P ❙❡❞❡ ❆r❡q✉✐♣❛ Pá❣✐♥❛ ✷✹

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 lOMoARcPSD|8941196

▲❮▼■❚❊❙ ❨ ❈❖◆❚■◆❯■❉❆❉

▼❆❚❊▼➪❚■❈❆ P❆❘❆ ▲❖❙ ◆❊●❖❈■❖❙ ✷

❚❆❘❊❆ ❉❖▼■❈■▲■❆❘■❆
✶✳ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❡ ❧❛ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉✐❞❛❞ ♦ ❞✐s❝♦♥t✐♥✉✐❞❛❞ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥✳ ➽s✐ ❡s ❞✐s❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛ q✉❡ t✐♣♦ ❞❡
❞✐s❝♦♥t✐♥✉✐❞❛❞ ♣r❡s❡♥t❛❄✿

−2,
 −3 < x ≤ 0
f (x) = x − 1, 0 < x < 2
 √
5 − x2 , 2 ≤ x ≤ 2 3


✷✳ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❡ ❧♦s ✈❛❧♦r❡s ❞❡ ❛ ② ❜ ♣❛r❛ q✉❡ ❧❛ s✐❣✉✐❡♥t❡ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ s❡❛ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛✳

 3 2
x +x −4x−4

 x+1 , x < −1
2
f (x) = ax − 2bx + 2, −1 ≤ x ≤ 3
 x2 −5x+6

x−3 , x>3

✸✳ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❡ ❧♦s ✈❛❧♦r❡s ❞❡ ❛ ② ❜ ♣❛r❛ q✉❡ ❧❛ s✐❣✉✐❡♥t❡ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ s❡❛ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛✳


3x − a,
 x<1
2
f (x) = 2x + bx + a, 1 ≤ x < 2

3x + 1, x≥2


✹✳ ❯♥❛ t✐❡♥❞❛ ❝♦♠❡r❝✐❛❧ ❞✐str✐❜✉②❡ ✉♥ ♣r♦❞✉❝t♦ ❞❡ ❝♦♥s✉♠♦ ♠❛s✐✈♦ q✉❡ s❡ ✈❡♥❞❡ ♣♦r ❦✐❧♦❣r❛✲
♠♦s✭♦ ❢r❛❝❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❦✐❧♦❣r❛♠♦✮✳ P❛r❛ ❡❧❧♦ ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r❛ ❡❧ s✐❣✉✐❡♥t❡ ♠♦❞❡❧♦ ♣❛r❛ ❡❧ ♣❛❣♦ ♣♦r ❧❛
❝♦♠♣r❛ ❞❡ ❞✐❝❤♦ ♣r♦❞✉❝t♦✱ s❡❣✉♥ ❡❧ r❛♥❣♦ ❞❡ ❦❣✳ ❞❡ ♣r♦❞✉❝t♦ r❡q✉❡r✐❞♦✳

2
−x + ax, xǫ[0; 2]

P (x) = 3x + b, xǫ < 2; 4 >

2, 5x + 4, x ≥ 4


❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❡ ❡❧ ✈❛❧♦r ❞❡ ❛ ② ❜ ♣❛r❛ q✉❡ ❡❧ ♠♦❞❡❧♦ ❞❡❧ ♣❛❣♦ s❡❛ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉♦✳

✺✳ ❊❧ ❝♦st♦ t♦t❛❧ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❝♦♥❢❡❝❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ♣♦❧♦s ♣❛r❛ ❞❛♠❛ ❡stá ❞❛❞❛ ♣♦r C(x) = 5x + 70 ♣❛r❛
❝❛♥t✐❞❛❞❡s ❞❡ ❤❛st❛ ✺✵ ♣♦❧♦s✳ P❡r♦ s✐ ❧❛ ❝❛♥t✐❞❛❞ ❞❡ ✉♥✐❞❛❞❡s ❡s ♠❛②♦r ❛ ✺✵ ② ♠❡♥♦r ❛ ✶✽✵✱
❡❧ ❝♦st♦ (
t♦t❛❧ ❡s C(x) = 4x + 68
5x+70
C̄(x) = x , x ≤ 50
4x+68
x , 50 < x < 180
❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❡ s✐ ❧❛ ❢✉♥❝✐ó♥ ❝♦st♦ ♣r♦♠❡❞✐♦ C(x) ❡s ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛

❘❊❙P❯❊❙❚❆❙

✶✳ ❉✐s❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛ ❡♥ 0❀ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛ ❡♥ 2

✷✳ a = −4/3; b = −11/6

✸✳ a = 1; b = −1

✹✳ a = 6; b = 2

✺✳ ❊s ❞✐❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛ ❡♥ x = 50

❯❚P ❙❡❞❡ ❆r❡q✉✐♣❛ Pá❣✐♥❛ ✷✺

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