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Epoxy, Glass Thread weave, Glue:

A glass fiber reinforced (fiberglass) epoxy resin substrate with a copper foil glued on one or both sides is
the most popular substrate used in printed circuit boards. PCBs composed of paper reinforced phenolic
resin with bonded copper foil are less expensive and commonly utilised in domestic electrical devices.
Glass Fibers is used to give structure, Epoxy hardens that structure, and Glue “glues” copper foil to the
core after adding a laminate.

Via:
In a printed circuit board, a through is an electrical link between copper layers. A via is a small drilled
hole that passes through two or more adjacent layers; the hole is plated with copper, which connects the
copper layers electrically.

Figure 1: Via

A via consists of the following components:

• Barrel o conductive tube that fills the bored hole
• Pad
o Each end of the barrel is connected to the component,
plane, or trace by a pad.
• Antipad
o a gap between the barrel and the no-connect metal layer.

PTH:
The borehole wall comprises a layer of copper, and the PTH holes on PCB serve two purposes: The hole
diameter must be greater than the component pin in order for the component to be placed into the PTH
when used as a component hole for welding DIP components.
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The following figure illustrates the visual difference among PTH and Vias

Figure 2: Via vs PTH

Difference between PTH and Via holes:

PTH is used to pass through components while Via holes are for any connection across
two layers
Vias are 0.15mm with0.3mm solder pads

References:

Glass Fibre Reinforced Epoxy - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics. (n.d.). Glass Fibre Reinforced Epoxy
- an Overview | ScienceDirect Topics; www.sciencedirect.com. Retrieved May 24, 2022, from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/glass-fibre-reinforced-epoxy

What is glass epoxy PCB? (n.d.). What Is Glass Epoxy PCB?; findanyanswer.com. Retrieved May 24,
2022, from https://findanyanswer.com/what-is-glass-epoxy-pcb

What is a Prepreg in PCB Manufacturing? | Sierra Circuits. (2021, January 19). Sierra Circuits;
www.protoexpress.com. https://www.protoexpress.com/blog/prepreg-the-slice-of-cheese-in-your-pcb/

What is a via hole in a PCB? - Technical Terms by Eurocircuits. (2020, June 5). Eurocircuits;
www.eurocircuits.com. https://www.eurocircuits.com/via-viahole
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What is the role of holes on printed circuit boards (PCB)? What are PTH / NPTH holes? And what’s the
difference between two of them? (n.d.). ExPlus Co., Ltd.; www.explus.com.tw. Retrieved May 24, 2022,
from https://www.explus.com.tw/faq/what-is-pth-in-pcb.html

The Difference between PTH and NPTH in PCB - Printed Circuit Board Manufacturing & PCB
Assembly - RayMing. (2021, June 15). Printed Circuit Board Manufacturing & PCB Assembly - RayMing;
www.raypcb.com. https://www.raypcb.com/pcb-pth/