RUBY LASER

Kenon
fash tube

Mirror Partly
transparent
mirror
Ruby rod

2.25 eV

Radiationiess
transition
1.79 eV-
Laser
Optical pumping transition
550 nm 694.3 nm

Ground
state

Fig. 5B.5

ofpopulation inversion parts:and consists of three

It has three energy level
as working
substance.
1. A rod of ruby crystal (Al,0,)
helical x e n o n discharge tube
system consisting ot a
2. The optical pumping
The resonant cavity. chromium ions (Cr")
3 the AP 1ons are replaced by
ruby crystal (AL,O,) some of ion is about
In the rod of state ot Cr
metastable
colour. Ihe
for the red itetime ot trom which
hich are responsible ions to a level ot higher energy

flash lamp is used toexcite Cr the ervstal Some of the Cr

to other ions
in
J.003s. The xenon
energy
metastable level by loosing back and torth
between the murrored
fall to the retlected
hey and emitted photons
are

Atter tew
microseronds we

decay spontaneously radiate. ions to

other excited Cr e n d ot the rod.
ons
stimulating transparent

the ruby rod, trom the partly

ends of conerent
red light
that raudiation trapped
of monochromatic wavelengths long so

geta large pulse of halt

number
s t m u l a t e d by
these optical
an integral
of the rod
is emissons
are
nducet
The length standing
Wave, The
optical with it
it forms
an
n
the waves are all in step
so that
wave
tanding
Th)
C3
B2
BB