CHAPTER 2

FUNCTIONS (PART 1)
 Sub-Topics
• Functions
• Inverse and Composite Functions
• Solution of Equations
• Logarithmic and Exponential Functions
• Transformation of Graphs
 Learning Outcome
At the end of this video, you should be able to:
• Determine whether a relation represents a
function.
• Find the value of a function.
 Relation
• A relation is any set of ordered-pair numbers.
• Example:

W = {(1, 120), (2, 100), (3, 150), (4, 130)}

Input value /
• The domain of W is D = {1, 2, 3, 4}. independent
variable

• The range of W is R = {120, 100, 150, 130}.

Output value /
dependent
variable
 Functions
• A function is a relation in which no two
ordered pairs have the same first element.

• A function associates each element in its

domain with one and only one element in its
range.
 Example
Determine whether the following relations are functions:

a) A = {(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5)}

b) B = {(1, 3), (0, 3), (2, 1), (4, 2)}
c) C = {(1, 6), (2, 5), (1, 9), (4, 3)}

Solution:
a) A = {(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5)} is a function because all the first
elements are different.
b) B = {(1, 3), (0, 3), (2, 1), (4, 2)} is a function because all the first
elements are different. (The second element does not need to be
unique)
c) C = {(1, 6), (2, 5), (1, 9), (4, 3)} is not a function because the first
element, 1, is repeated.
 Function
A function is a relation in which each possible
input value leads to exactly one output value.
We say “the output is a function of the input.”

The input values make up the domain, and the

output values make up the range.
 (independent
variable)
(dependent
variable)
 Finding Input and Output Values of a Function

• When we know an input value and want to determine the

corresponding output value for a function, we evaluate the
function.
• Evaluating will always produce one result because each
input value of a function corresponds to exactly one output
value.
• When we know an output value and want to determine the
input values that would produce that output value, we set
the output equal to the function’s formula and solve for the
input.
• Solving can produce more than one solution because
different input values can produce the same output value.
 Example
Evaluate 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 4 at
a) 2
b) 𝑎
c) 𝑎 + 𝑕
 Solution
2
a) 𝑓 2 = 2+3 2 −4
=4+6−4
=6

b) 𝑓 𝑎 = 𝑎 2 + 3 𝑎 − 4
= 𝑎2 + 3𝑎 − 4

c) 𝑓 𝑎 + 𝑕 = 𝑎 + 𝑕 2 + 3 𝑎 + 𝑕 − 4
= 𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑕 + 𝑕2 + 3𝑎 + 3𝑕 − 4
 Example
Given the function 𝑕 𝑝 = 𝑝2 + 2𝑝, solve for
𝑕 𝑝 = 3.

Solution:
𝑕 𝑝 =3

𝑝2 + 2𝑝 = 3

𝑝2 + 2𝑝 − 3 = 0
Continue…
𝑝+3 𝑝−1 =0

𝑝+3 =0
𝑝 = −3

𝑝−1 =0
𝑝=1
Quick Check Exercise

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑔 𝑚 = 𝑚 − 4.

𝑎) 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑔 5 .

𝑏) 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑔 𝑚 = 2.