Q^KJ^CL QIFJILNCFJCF YFO] Q^KMY@

@IZO^CYXCECCF

QIFMCEYBYCF

Yfit uscec mcf ufit prkmu`si lirupc`cf ncjicf mcri `iwircusceccf ycfj
pirbu miwujum`cf mcf mi`ilncfj`cf mi bilncjc pifmimi`cf si`kbce, cjcr lclpu lilniri`cf
ni`cb mcf `ilcfmiricf ncji pisirtc mimi` ycfj lifjcmi tcfjjufj jcwcn nirsclc cftcrc `ipcbc
si`kbce mcf juru. Yfit uscec lirupc`cf suctu niftu` `ijictcf ycfj lclpu lifjecsib`cf
`iuftufjcf, liscbfyc lifjceit, pifjucbcf, `kpircsi, mcf sincjcifyc. Ximcfj`cf ufit
prkmu`si cmcbce
`ijictcf ycfj lclpu lifjkbce mcf lifjecsib`cf suctu ncrcfj, sipirti nitirfc` cycl pitibur,
 numimcyc bibi, pimcjifj, mcf sincjcifyc.
@iwircusceccf ycfj mcpct mi`ilncfj`cf mi L]X Lidtceub @ekirkt, cftcrc bcif 7
ufit uscec mcf ufit prkmu`si. Yfit uscec nirupc `kpircsi siswc, mcf `kpircsi juru, simcfj`cf
ufit
 prkmu`si nirupc numimcyc bibi. Mcri ufit `iwircusceccf tirsinut mcpct mi`ilncfj`cf sisuci
mifjcf visi mcf lisi si`kbce, timc` lifjjcfjju `ijictcf rutif si`kbce.
]ujucf ulul lifmis`ripsi`cf tiftcfj pifjilncfjcf `iwirc-usceccf L]X
Lidtceub @ekirkt. Ximcfj`cf tujucf `eusus, ycitu lifmis`ripsi`cf tiftcfj 7 3) Ncjcilcfc
pifjilncfjcf
`iwircusceccf ufit uscec mi L]X Lidtceub @ekirkt0 >) Ncjcilcfc pifjilncfjcf `iwircusceccf
ufit prkmu`si mi L]X Lidtceub @ekirkt.

QILNCECXCF

@iwircusceccf cmcbce `ilclpucf lifhiptc`cf sisuctu ycfj sihcrc `rictid mcf ifkvctid 
uftu` liwujum`cf fibci tclnce. ]ujucf pifjilncfjcf `iwircusceccf ncji `ipcbc si`kbce
cmcbce uftu` lififj`ct`cf `ucbitcs `iwircusceccffyc mcf lifjilncfj`cf mcf
jurufyc. Ncfyc` `crc`tiristi` `iwircusceccf ycfj mcpct milibi`i kbie `ipcbc si`kbce sincjci
wircuscec.
]itcpi, pcmc lctiri ifi minctcsi pcmc ifkvcsi, `irjc `ircs, lktivcsi tifjji, pcftcfj lifyirce.
Mcf `rictid uftu` lifhcri skbusi tirnci`. Yftu` lifjcmi wircuscecwcf su`sis ecrus lilibi`i
 pifjitceucf, si`cp, mcf `itirclpibcf `iwircusceccf.

3. Qifjilncfjcf @iwircusceccf Yfit Yscec mi L]X Lidtceub @ekirkt.

@ucbitcs mcscr mcyc ecti `iwircusceccf lilibi`i `crc`tiristi`/ milifsi-
milifsi sincjci niri`ut7 prc`crsc/ifisictid tifjji0 cmc `inircficf lkrcb uftu` lifjifcb`cf
ecb-ecb
 ncru0 prkc`tid, timc` ecfyc c`tid cpcbcji ecfyc ric`tid0 nircfi lifjclnib risi`k0 nircfi
 nirnimc0 prkpiruncecf mcf nu`cf prk `ilcpcfcf0 `ilcucf, lktivcsi, mcf spirit

3
uftu`  lcju scfjct `uct0 lilibi`i tcfjjufj jcwcn lkrcb ycfj tifjji0 eunufjcf
iftirpirskfcb
 ncjus0 niriftijritcs tifjji0 jijie, ti`uf, scncr, mcf pcftcfj lifyirce0 ni`irjc
`ircs0
 nir`klitlif tifjji0 lilibi`i `ilclpucf uftu` lilknibiscsi krcfj bcif0 libc`u`cf cpc

scjc ycfj tirnci`0 libc`u`cf pirnci`cf sihcrc tirus lifirus0 lcu liliti` pibcjcrcf mcri
`iscbcecf, mcri `isu`siscf, mcf mcri prc`ti`-prc`ti` ycfj nci`0 lilncfjuf ticlwkr` ycfj

3
`klpc`, hirmcs, mifclis, ecrlkfis, mcf bifhce0 pirhcyc miri0 pifhiptc pibucfj0
lilibi`i sidct mcyc scifj tifjji, titcpi lifmcscr`cf pcmc fibci skbimcritcs0
cjrisid/kdifsid0 scfjct eulcfisti` mcf ecfjct pirjcubcf0 tircrce pcmc tujucf c`eir,
nu`cf tujucf siscct0 buwis mcbcl pirjcubcf0 sibcbu lifjifjif`cf tcftcfjcf ncru0
sibcbu lilncfjuf `iifmcecf hitc rcsc libcbui sifi (`riyc, lusi`, sucrc, tcri, bu`is, msn.)0
nirsi`cp lcfmiri c`cf titcpi supib0 timc` su`c lifhcri `clnifj eitcl0 sibcbu niruscec
lifhiptc`cf mcf lififj`ct`cf fibci

tclnce sulnirmcyc0 tirnu`c tirecmcp ulpcf ncbi`0 sibcbu ifjif lifhcri piruncecf
ycfj binie nci` (lififj`ct`cf/lifjilncfj`cf)0 timc` pirfce lircsc pucs, tirus
lifirus
libc`u`cf ifkvcsi mcf ilprkviscsi mili pirnci`cf sibcfjutfyc0 mcf `iifjifcf
lifhiptc`cf sisuctu ycfj ncru.
@ucbitcs mcscr mcyc disi`/rcjc `iwircusceccf lilibi`i `crc`tiristi`/
milifsi- milifsi sincjci niri`ut7 lifjcjc `isiectcf sihctc tirctur0 lilibiecrc
`itcecf/stclifc tunue mifjcf nci`0 lilibi`i ifirji ycfj tifjji0 mcf `itirclpibcf tunue
milcfdcct`cf mili
`isiectcf mcf `incecjiccf eimup.
Lifurut ]csnibbce (>13374), lifyctc`cf ncewc `iwircusceccf mipcfmcfj
sincjci dufjsi ycfj lifhc`up i`spbkitcsi pibucfj-pibucfj ycfj lufhub mi pcscr.
I`spbkitcsi

tirsinut sincjicf niscr nireunufjcf mifjcf pifjcrcecf mcf ctcu `klnifcsi ifput
ycfj
 prkmu`tid. Xikrcfj wircuscecwcf sibcbu miecrus`cf lifjecmcpi risi`k ctcu pibucfj
ycfj lufhub, sirtc sirifj mi`cit`cf mifjcf tifmc`cf ycfj `rictid mcf iffkvctid.
Zircuscecwcf cmcbce krcfj ycfj lirunce fibci sulnir mcyc, tifcjc `irjc, ncecf mcf
dc`tkr prkmu`si bciffyc lifjcmi binie niscr mcripcmc sinibulfyc mcf jujc krcfj ycfj
libc`u`cf piruncecf, ifkvcsi mcf hcrc-hcrc ncru.
Lc`if bclc wircuscecwcf lifjiwci mufic wircuscec, lc`if ncfyc`
pifjcbclcf wircuscecwcf, lc`c lc`if tcjclbce fcburi wircuscecwcf. Xisikrcfj
ycfj lilpufyci
`klitlif miri ycfj tijue c`cf si`cpfyc cmcbce krcfj ycfj lclpu uftu` lifjcmi
pililpif ycfj sibcfjutfyc hcrc mcf litkmi ycfj mitircp`cffyc misinut
@ipililpifcf. Xuctu

 pimklcf ncji `ipililpifcf ycfj nci` cmcbce ‒pirbc`u`cfbce krcfj-krcfj

bcif sincjcilcfc wircuscecwcf ifjif mipirbc`u`cf“. Niruscec lilcfmcfj suctu
`icmccf mcri
sumut pcfmcfjcf krcfj bcif c`cf i`ut lifjilncfj`cf sinuce si`cp tipk sibirk.
Qifjuscec ycfj nirpibucfj uftu` lcju sihcrc lcftcp cmcbce ycfj lilibi`i jiwc
`ipililpifcf ycfj scfjct lifkfjkb. Hiri-hiri liri`c nicscfyc scfjct lifkfjkb, mcf
scfjct `ecs. Milcfc
>
`iputuscf mcf sipc` tirjcfjfyc sirifj micfjjcp timc` bczil mcf bcif mcri pcmc ululfyc
 pifjuscec (Cfkfil, >13>7 4).
Xisikrcfj ycfj ifjif lifjcmi wircuscecwcf su`sis timc` hu`up ecfyc lilibi`i
`ucbitcs mcscr `iwircusceccf, c`cf titcpi `ucbitcs ifstruliftcb `iwircusceccf (pifjucsccf
misipbif iblu). Liscbfyc, sikrcfj `ipcbc si`kbce, pifjcwcs, ctcu `ipcbc mifcs pifmimi`cf

`cnupctif/`ktc, ecrus lilibi`i iblu pifjitceucf ycfj bucs mi nimcfj pi`irjccf

ycfj lifjcmi `iwifcfjcf mcf tcfjjufj jcwcnfyc.

>
 @rictivitcs mcf ifkvcsi lirupc`cf milifsi-milifsi piftifj
`iwircusceccf. @rictivitcs cmcbce `ilclpucf lifhiptc`cf sisuctu ycfj ncru, ycfj
nibul pirfce cmc sinibulfyc. Ximcfj ifkvcsi cmcbce pifhiptccf sisuctu ycfj
nirnimc mcri sinibulfyc. Hkftke7 ecsib ifkvcsi cmcbce `kpircsi si`kbce, mi lcfc si`kbce
lifyimic`cf uscec `kpircsi ycfj lifjucb cbct tubis, nu`u, tcs, sipctu, mcf sincjcifyc,
wcrjc si`kbce nisc lilifuei
`inutuecffyc libcbui pilcfdcctcf `kpircsi si`kbce. @ijictcf wircuscec bcif.

_kecfis Xuryc lifilu`cf hcrc-hcrc pilnibcjcrcf disi`c ycfj ifkvctid

sieifjjc lifjecsib`cf jucrc kbilpicmi disi`c tifj`ct mufic. Qifilu jcrilcti`c
lifilu`cf
 pilnibcjcrcf lctilcti`c mi XM. Qeytcjkrcs lifilu`cf rulus Qeytcjkrcs
mcbcl lctilcti`c. Mcf juru mi ]imkri lilcfdcct`cf jibklncfj bcut mcf cbcl
si`itcr sincjci bcnkrctkriul prc`ti` siswc, mcf `kbi`si pkekf bcfj`c mi XLC
Clncrcwc sincjci scrcfc knsirvcsi siswc mcf juru.
@iwircusceccf mcpct mipibcjcri libcbui sistil lcfcjilif strctiji. Cmc ilpct
`klpitifsi ycfj pirbu milibi`i wircuscec, yc`fi pifjitceucf tiftcfj prksis prkmu`si,
 jcrifjcf uscec, mu`ufjcf difcfsicb, mcf `ilclpucf lcfcjilif.
@iwircusceccf eifmc`fyc miniri`cf sijc` mifi mifjcf hcrc libiect mufic fyctc mi

bucr rucfj `ibcs, sipirti libiect prksis prkmu`si mi pcnri`, nifj`ib, ncf`, ctcu siftrc
`ircjifcf. Xiswc L]X jujc pirbu micjcr`cf tiftcfj `itimc` pcsticf mcf risi`k nisfis mcbcl
mufic uscec. Fcburi `iwircusceccf ecrus mincfjuf sijc` mifi mcri `ibucrjc.
@ipcbc mcf juru ni`irjc `ircs uftu` lifhcpci `inirecsibcf mcf juru
sincjci krjcfiscsi pilnibcjcr ycfj idi`tid. Niri`ut misclpci`cf ninircpc hcrc uftu`
lilpifjcruei sisikrcfj cjcr lcu ni`irjc `ircs, lifcfcl`cf `iyc`ifcf ncewc ncfyc`
nu`ti `inirecsibcf sisikrcfj `crifc `irjc `ircs. Cpcnibc `itc mitcfyc tiftcfj `inirecsibcf
`itc, lc`c jcwcncf
`itc cmcbce nir`ct `irjc `ircs, licfcl`cf `iyc`ifcf, wcrjc si`kbce ecrus ni`irjc `ircs
cjcr  ycfj minutue`cf tirhcpci. Gcfjcf lifjecrcp`cf sisuctu, ji`c timc` nirnuct
sisuctu, lifcfcl`cf `iyc`ifcf, scyc ifjif jcmi krcfj ycfj nirlcfdcct. Ncfyc`
pifjcfjjur ifjif

 ni`irjc, lififtu`cf tcrjit ycfj ecrus mihcpci, lifufju``cf `irjc `ircs uftu`
mijcmi`cf hkftke ncji siswc.
Qrifsip pilnibcjcrcf ycfj mijufc`cf mcbcl pifjilncfjcf pifmimi`cf
`iwircusceccf lifjuscec`cf cjcr pisirtc mimi` lifjifcb mcf lifirilc fibci-
fibci
`iwircusceccf sincjci libi` liri`c mcf nirtcfjjufj jcwcn ctcs `iputuscf ycfj miclnibfyc
libcbui tcecpcf lifjifcb pibiecf, lifibci pibiecf, lififtu`cf pifmiricf, mcf
sibcfjutfyc lifjcmi`cf suctu fibci sisuci mifjcf `iyc`ifcf miri.Mifjcf prifsip ifi, pisirtc
mimi` nibcjcr  libcbui prksis nirpi`ir, nirsi`cp, mcf nirnuct. @itijc prksis ifi

8
milc`sum`cf uftu`  lifjilncfj`cf `ilclpucf pisirtc mimi` mcbcl libc`u`cf
`ijictcf ycfj tir`cit mifjcf fibci-fibci `iwircusceccf.

8
 Xilc`if lcju suctu wircuscec si`kbce lc`cf silc`if ncfyc` krcfj ycfj tirmimi`,
lc`c silc`if mircsc`cf piftifjfyc mufic wircuscec. Qilncfjufcf c`cf binie lcftcp ji`c
mitufjcfj kbie wircuscecwcf ycfj nircrti `crifc `ilclpucf piliriftce scfjct tirnctcs.
Qiliriftce timc` c`cf lclpu lifjjcrcp siluc cspi` pilncfjufcf `crifc scfjct ncfyc` 
lilnutue`cf cfjjcrcf nibcfjc, pirskfcbic, mcf pifjcwcscffyc.
@kpircsi cmcbce ncmcf uscec ycfj nircfjjktc`cf krcfj ctcu ncmcf eu`ul ycfj

 nirbcfmcs`cf pcmc cscs `i`ibucrjccf mcf milk`rcsi i`kfkli. @ijictcf uscec `kpircsi
lirupc`cf pifjcncrcf mcri YYM 39=9 pcscb 88 cyct (3). Mifjcf cmcfyc pifjibcscf YYM
39=9 Qcscb 88 cyct (3) `kpircsi nir`imumu`cf sincjci sk`k juru piri`kfklicf fcsikfcb mcf
sincjci ncjicf ycfj timc` tirpisce`cf mcbcl sistil piri`kfklicf fcsikfcb.
@kpircsi si`kbce mi L]X Lidtceub @ekirkt cmcbce `kpircsi ycfj mimiri`cf kbie pcrc
wcrjc si`kbce, nci` `ipcbc si`kbce, juru, tifcjc `ipifmimi`cf, lcupuf siswc sincjci tilpct
 pifmimi`cf mcf bctiecf nir`kpircsi mi si`kbce. @kpircsi Xi`kbce timc` nirniftu`
ncmcf eu`ul, titcpi lifmcpct pifjc`ucf sincjci pir`ulpubcf `kpircsi mcri @cftkr
Mipcrtilif @kpircsi.
Hiri `ecs `kpircsi mi L]X Lidtceub @ekirkt, cftcrc bcif niftu`fyc ncmcf uscec ycfj

timc` nirncmcf eu`ul, cfjjktcfyc siswc-siswc si`kbce tirsinut, `icfjjktcffyc sibclc

`itc lcsie lifjcmi siswc, `kpircsi si`kbce minu`c pcmc wc`tu istircect `eusus ncji
pitujcsfyc
cmcbce siswc, `crifc sincjci bctiecf mcf prc`ti` nir`kpircsi, libctie misipbif mcf
`irjc, lifyimic`cf pirbifj`cpcf siswc, lifmimi` siswc eilct lifcnufj,
mcf tilpct lifyibcfjjcrc`cf i`kfkli mcf jktkfj rkykfj ncji wcrjc L]X Lidtceub
@ekirkt.
Mi sclpifj itu, pibc`scfccf kpircsikfcb pibcycfcf `kpircsi mi L]X Lidtceub @ekirkt
mitufju` pitujcs ycitu muc juru ycfj sicp libcycfi pcmc scct istircect, mcf mincftu muc krcfj
tifcjc tctc uscec pcmc scct jcl idi`tid pilnibcjcrcf, ji`c siticp scct lilnutue`cf cbct tubis,
mcf sijifisfyc, simcfj`cf pifjurus KXOX miniri`cf tujcs uftu` lilncftu libcycfi pcmc
scct jcl istircect sicrc nirjibircf.

>. Qifjilncfjcf @iwircusceccf Yfit Qrkmu`si mi L]X Lidtceub @ekirkt

Qifjilncfjcf `iwircusceccf ufit prkmu`si mi L]X Lidtceub @ekirkt lilirbu`cf
lktivcsi lirupc`cf scbce sctu cbct ctcscf cjcr ncwcecf lcu ni`irjc `ircs mcf ni`irjc
hirmcs sisuci mifjcf ycfj miecrcp`cf. Qifjitceucf tiftcfj lktivcsi lilncftu pcrc
@ipcbc mcf juru uftu` lifulnue`cf lktivcsi nci` ncji mirifyc lcupuf wcrjc
si`kbce. @ipcbc mcf juru sincjci wircuscecwcf ecrus lilibi`i lktivcsi ycfj `uct uftu`
lifhcpci su`sis ncji siswcfyc. Ecb ifi nirtujucf uftu` lircie su`sis libcbui
lktivcsi ycfj `uct mcbcl libc`scfc`cf tujcs pk`k` mcf dufjsifyc, lifjilncfj`cf
pktifsi si`kbce, lifjcmi hkftke
 ncji wcrjc si`kbce.

=
 Xinibul lilktivcsi krcfj bcif, `ipcbc si`kbce mcf juyru uftu` lilktivcsi
miri sifmiri tirbinie mceubu, mifjcf hcrc cftcrc bcif nirpi`ircf pksitid. @iti`c lifj`riti`
krcfj

=
 nijitu tirjcmi `itimc`niriscf, titcpi `itc bupc lilniri mkrkfjcf pksitid cjcr liri`c
tirus lcju. Gcfjcf lifj`riti` hcrc `irjc krcfj bcif `cbcu `itc sifmiri timc` lclpu lilniri
hkftke tirbinie mceubu. @ipcbc mcf juru mcbcl ecb ifi sincjci lkmib, lifhiptc`cf
piruncecf ycfj
`uct. Cmcfyc `ilcucf ycfj `uct uftu` lifjunce situcsi kbie miri sifmiri.
Lifjunce
 pircsccf timc` lclpu lifjcmi lclpu, timc` lcu lifjcmi lcu. @ctc, “Xcyc jujc nisc“ mcpct
lilncftu lififj`ct`cf lktivcsi nirpristcsi. @ipcbc mcf juru mcbcl ecb ifi sincjci
cjift 

kd hecfji. @ipcbc si`kbce mcf juru lilncfjuf ecrjc miri. Ncfyc` `ibiniecf `itc sifmiri
ycfj timc` milibi`i krcfj bcif, lilcftcp`cf pibc`scfccf. Yfj`cp`cf mifjcf jcmwcb
ycfj
 jibcs mcf bc`scfc`cf, lilnifc `inircficf, `irjc `ircs, `ilcfmiricf, mcf nirsimic nibcjcr
mcri krcfj bcif. @ipcbc si`kbce mcf juru sibcbu niruscec libc`u`cf ycfj
tirnci`, mcf lifjibilifcsi si`cp su`c lifufmc-fufmc. Eibcfj`cf si`cp lifufmc- fufmc
mifjcf cbcscf
 pi`irjccf itu tirbcbu subit mcf sijircbce uftu` lilubci.
@ipcbc si`kbce mcf juyru ecrus lifulnue`cf `iscmcrcf mcf si`cp
pcftcfj lifyirce cmcbce mcyc tcecf sisikrcfj ni`irjc sclpci sisuctu ycfj miifjif`cffyc
tirhcpci. Qcftcfj lifyirce cmcbce `klnifcsi cftcrc ni`irjc `ircs mifjcf lktivcsi ycfj
`uct uftu`  su`sis. Krcfj ycfj pcftcfj lifyirce sibcbu ni`irjc `ircs mcf lktivcsi
`irjcfyc jujc tc` 

 pirfce pumcr.
@ipcbc si`kbce mcf juru pirbu lilibi`i sidct pcftcfj lifyirce cjcr timc`
lumce
 putus csc mcbcl lifyibisci`cf pirlcscbcecf, lifjecmcpi tcftcfjcf mcf `ifmcbc ycfj cmc
mi si`kbcefyc. Xumce ncfyc` nu`ti ecsib pifibiticf ncewc `ipcbc mcf juru ycfj lilibi`i
sidct pcftcfj lifyirce c`cf lclpu lilcju`cf si`kbcefyc mifjcf su`sis. Hcrc
uftu`  lifulnue`cf sidct pcftcfj lifyirce cmcbce mifjcf lifjuct`cf ecti miri
sifmiri mcf wcrjc mcf juru cjcr timc` lumce nirputus csc mcbcl lifhcpci sisuctu ycfj
miifjif`cf, mcf sibcbu lifjcjc `isiectcf jiwc mcf rcjc cjcr timc` lumce bitie ctcu sc`it.
Lktivcsi `irjc `ipcbc si`kbce mcf juru cmcbce `iifjifcf libc`u`cf sisuctu uftu` 
lilifuei `ipiftifjcf ycfj nirsulnir mcri `inutuecf. @ipcbc mcf juru pirbu
lilibi`i

lktivcsi ycfj `uct cjcr su`sis mcbcl libc`scfc`cf tujcs pk`k` mcf dufjsifyc mcf lifjcmi
tibcmcf ncji wcrjc mcf juru. ]ujue hcrc lilktivcsi miri sifmiri mcf krcfj bcif.
Qcftcfj
lifyirce cmcbce mcyc tcecf sisikrcfj ni`irjc `ircs sclpci sisuctu ycfj
miifjif`cffyc tirhcpci. @ipcbc si`kbce/ lcmrcsce pirbu lilibi`i sidct pcftcfj lifyirce
cjcr timc` lumce

9
 putus csc mcbcl lifjecmcpi tcftcfjcf, pirlcscbcecf, mcf `ifmcbc ycfj miecmcpi kbie mcf
juru. Hcrc uftu` lifulnue`cf sidct pcftcfj lifyirce cmcbce sibcbu lifjcjc
`isiectcf
 jiwc mcf rcjc sirtc lifjuct`cf ecti uftu` lifhcpci sisuctu ycfj miifjif`cf.
Lifurut Cjus (>13>7>), lifjilu`c`cf ncewc mi sclpifj tujcs lcfcjiricb
mcf supirvisi, `ipcbc si`kbce jujc lilibi`i tujcs `iwircusceccf. ]ujcs
`iwircusceccf ifi tujucffyc cmcbce cjcr si`k-bce lilibi`i sulnir-sulnir mcyc ycfj
lclpu lifmu`ufj

 jcbcffyc si`kbce, `eususfyc mcri siji difcfsicb. Xibcif itu jujc cjcr si`kbce lilnumcyc`cf
 piribc`u wircuscec mi `cbcfjcf wcrjc si`kbce, `eususfyc pcrc siswc.

9
 Xcbce sctu tujcs @ipcbc mcf juru cmcbce lifilu`cf skbusi tirnci`
mcbcl lifjecmcpi tcftcfjcf, pirlcscbcecf, mcf `ifmcbc-`ifmcbc mi mcf juru. Yftu`
lifilu`cf skbusi tirnci` tirsinut, niri`ut misclpci`cf muc tikri ycfj mcpct
miprc`ti``cf mi mcf juru Cfmc, ycitu `rictivitcs mcf pilihcecf/skbusi lcscbce. Xisikrcfj
ycfj `rictid lilibi`i hiri-hiri cftcrc bcif 7 3) hifmirufj libiect suctu pirskcbcf
sincjci tcftcfjcf uftu`  lifufju``cf `ilclpucf miri0 >) hifmirufj lili`ir`cf
cbtirfctid skbusi/tifmc`cf ycfj

timc` mibc`u`cf kbie krcfj-krcfj pcmc ululfyc ctcu nu`cf sisuctu ycfj sumce
nicsc mibc`u`cf0 8) timc` tc`ut uftu` lifhknc ecb-ecb ncru0 =) timc` tc`ut mihilkke`cf kbie
krcfj
bcif `crifc nirnimc mcri `inicsccf0 9) timc` hipct pucs tirecmcp ecsib ycfj mipirkbie0
4) tkbircf tirecmcp `ijcjcbcf mcf drustcsi0 :) lili`ir`cf cpc ycfj lufj`if mcpct
mibc`u`cf ctcu mi`irjc`cf mcri suctu `kfmisi, `icmccf ctcu nifmc0 5) libc`u`cf
nirncjci hcrc ycfj lufj`if mibc`u`cf mifjcf titcp nirmcscr pcmc iftijritcs, `ijujurcf,
lifjufjufj sistil fibci, mcf nirtujucf pksitid.
@ipcbc mcf juru ecrus lilibi`i `rictivitcs cjcr cpc ycfj mibc`u`cf lilncwc
 piruncecf-piruncecf ncru `icrce ycfj binie ncji si`kbcefyc mcf lilibi`i cbtirfctid skbusi
tirnci` uftu` lilihce`cf suctu lcscbce ycfj miecmcpi. Ninircpc hcrc
uftu` 

lifjilncfj`cf/ lififj`ct`cf `rictivitcs siswc, cftcrc bcif 7 3) lifhurce`cf

pirecticf mcf pifmcpct (nrcif stkrlifj)  cmcbce sinuce ti`fi` uftu` lifjecsib`cf
imi-imi ncru0 >)
lifjunce imi-imi ycfj sumce cmc0 8) lilpibcjcri ti`fi` nirpi`ir `rictid mcri nu`u-nu`u0 =)
lifji`uti pifmimi`cf mcf pibctiecf `rictivitcs mcf lilprc`ti``cffyc0 9) nirjcub
mifjcf krcfj-krcfj ycfj `rictid0 4) pibcjcri prksis piruncecf imi0 mcf :) cprisicsi tirecmcp
sifi.
Lifurut Dinricftk (>13>78), lifjilu`c`cf ncewc hiri-hiri `iwircusceccf
cftcrc bcif 7 3) Ofjif lifjctcsi sifmiri `isubitcf mcf pirskcbcf-pirskcbcf ycfj tilnub pcmc
mirifyc0
>) Xibcbu lilirbu`cf ulpcf ncbi` ycfj sijirc uftu` libiect `inirecsibcf mcf
`ijcjcbcf0 8) Lilibi`i tcfjjufjjcwcn pirskfcb ycfj tifjji0 =) Nircfi lifjecmcpi risi`k
mifjcf pifue
 pireitufjcf0 mcf 9) Lifyu`ci tcftcfjcf mcf libiect tcftcfjcf sihcrc siilncfj.

Binie bcfjut, Cjus (>13>79), lifclnce`cf ncewc @klpitifsi `ipcbc si`kbce ycfj
hu`up siftrcb mcf lirupc`cf pk`k` mcri `inirbcfjutcf prkjrcl si`kbce micftcrcfyc cmcbce
`klpitifsi @iwircu-sceccf. Xincjci scbce sctu hcrc ncjcilcfc si`kbce lclpu liwujum`cf
`i-lclpucf mcbcl wircuscecfyc ifi lc`c `ipcbc si`kbce ecrus lclpu lifuf-ju``cf
`ilclpucf mcbcl lifjcbif `ilitrccf mifjcf pifjuscec ctcu mkfc-tur, sirtc
lclpu lilcfmiri`cf si`kbce mifjcf upcyc nirwircuscec. Xihcrc rifhi `ilclpucf ctcu

4
`ifirjc
`ipcbc si`kbce ycfj lifmu`ufj tirecmcp pir-wujumcf `klpitifsi `iwircusceccf ifi,
mi cftcrc lifhc`up7 (c) lifhiptc`cf ifkvcsi ycfj nirjufc ncji pifjilncfjcf mcf
juru0 (n) ni`irjc `i-rcs uftu` lifhcpci `iniresibscf mcf juru sincjci krjcfiscsi
pilnibcjcr ycfj idi`tid0 (h) lilibi`i lktivcsi ycfj `uct uftu` su`sis mcbcl li-
bc`scfc`cf tujcs pk`k` mcf

dufjsifyc sincjci pililpif mcf juru0 (m) pcftcfj lifyirce mcf sibcbu lifhcri
skbusi tirnci` mcbcl lifjecmcpi `ifmcbc ycfj miecmcpi mcf juru0 (i)
lilibi`i fcburi

4
 `iwircusceccf mcbcl lifjibkbc `ijictcf prkmu`si/ jcsc mcf juru sincjci sulnir
nibcjcr 
 pisirtc mimi`.

8. Qrkjrcl Qifjilncfjcf
Mcri ecsib pilncecscf tirsinut mi ctcs, ycfj libiputi pifjilncfjcf `iwircusceccf
ufit uscec mcf pifjilncfjcf `iwircusceccf ufit prkmu`si mi L]X Lidtceub @ekirkt, pifibiti

lifcwcr`cf prkjrcl pifjilncfjcf sincjci niri`ut7

3) Qifjilncfjcf `iwircusceccf ufit uscec mi L]X Lidtceub @ekirkt.

Qifjilncfjcf `iwircusceccf ufit uscec mi L]X Lidtceub @ekirkt cjcr
mcpct lifhcpci lc`sum mcf tujucf ycfj lc`silcb, lc`c `kpircsi lifyibifjjcrc`cf
uscec- uscec sincjci niri`ut7

c. Yfit uscec pirtk`kcf, lifyimic`cf cbct tubis-lifubis, nu`u-nu`u siswc,

 pc`cicf sircjcl si`kbce, cbct-cbct prc`ti` si`kbce, liscbfyc7 cbct
lifjjclncr, cbct kbcercjc, cbct prc`ti` nikbkji, cbct prc`ti` `ilic mcf bcif-bcif.
 n. Yfit uscec `cditcric ctcu `cftif, lifyimic`cf lifulcf mcf lc`cfcf
rifjcf ycfj mipiruftu`cf ncji juru mcf siswc.
h. Yfit uscec silpcf pifjcl, liwcjin`cf pcrc cfjjktc (siswc mcf juru)
uftu`  lilncycr silpcfcf wcjin sihcrc tirctur mcf lifjjict`cf
cfjjktc uftu`  lifcnufj ctcu lifyilpcf su`cribc sihcrc tirctur cjcr lumce
pifjibkbccffyc. Ncji siswc mcf juru ycfj lilnutue`cf pifjclcf jujc
mibcycfi sisuci mifjcf
`inuituecf ycfj mictur mcbcl `klitlif nirsclc
m. Yfit uscec jcsc, liscbfyc jcsc dktk`kpi, jcsc pifjibimcf, jcsc pifjiti`cf
uftu`  libcycfi `ipiftifjcf juru mcf siswc, sieifjjc timc` pirbu
`ibucr mcri bifj`ufjcf si`kbce.
>) Qifjilncfjcf `iwircusceccf ufit prkmu`si mi L]X Lidtceub @ekirkt.
Qifjilncfjcf `iwircusceccf ufit prkmu`si mi L]X Lidtceub @ekirkt lilcfj
 nibul tclpc` fyctc mcf nibul mi`ibkbc mifjcf kptilcb, liscbfyc pibcycfcf
jceitcf sircjcl lcsie tirnctcs mitcfjcfi kbie ninircpc juru `itirclpibcf ycfj
ni`irjcsclc mifjcf pifjceit mi bucr, ycfj siecrusfyc nisc mi`ibkbc nirsclc
wcrjc si`kbce. sibcfjutfyc, L]X Lidtceub @ekirkt lilib`i bcecf `kskfj sibucs
591 l>  ycfj ecfyc mitulnuei rulput mcf ninircpc tcfclcf `ircs, ycfj
sinifcrfyc mcpct milcfdcct`cf uftu` pir`inufcf nuce, scyu lcyur, mcf cpkti`
eimup, `crifc tirnctcsfyc sulnir mcyc lcfusic ycfj cmc, sieifjjc pifjibkbccffyc
pirbu miprkjrcl`cf.
Yftu` itu, pifibiti lifyclpci`cf pifcwcrcf prkjrcl pifjilncfjcf
ufit
 prkmu`si nirupc pifjceitcf sircjcl si`kbce, `ipcbc si`kbce mcf juru pirbu
:
lifjclnib si`cp mcf ifisictid lilniftu` `ibklpk` `itirclpibcf ycfj cfjjktcfyc
pcrc siswcfyc miniri`cf bctiecf `itirclpibcf lifju`ur pkbc mcf `itirclpibcf lifjceit.

:
 Xibcfjutfyc tir`cit mifjcf bcecf `kskfj sibucs 591 l>  libi` si`kbce
tirsinut milcfdcct`cf lifjcmi tijc ncjicf, sibucs >58 l>  mcpct milcfdcct`cf uftu`
tcfclcf
 nuce, liscbfyc lcfjjc sibucs >58 l>  uftu` tcfclcf scyur lcyur, mcf sibucs >5= l>
uftu` tcfclcf cpkti` eimup.
Qifjilncfjcf `iwircusceccf ufit prkmu`si mi L]X Lidtceub @ekirkt
mcpct mibc`u`cf libcbui piftcecpcf sincjci niri`ut. 3) Libc`u`cf ivcbucsi miri
tiftcfj

tifj`ct/bivib `ipilibi`cf `iwircusceccf. Ofi mcpct mibc`u`cf libcbui pifjisicf

mcdtcr 
`ucbitcs `iwircusceccf ctcu lifjcwcn sijulbce pirtcfyccf tiftcfj `iwircusceccf ycfj
mibc`u`cf situbus-tubusfyc mcf sijujur-jujurfyc0 >) Nirmcscr`cf ecsib ivcbucsi
miri (prkdib miri jiwc `iwircusceccf), sibcfjutfyc mitilpue libcbui nirncjci upcyc
ycfj misinut ‒nibcjcr0 mcf 8) Lilpibcjcri `iwircusceccf mcpct mibc`u`cf libcbui
nirncjci upcyc, liscbfyc7 nirpi`ir sifmiri, lilnchc (nu`u, jurfcb, iftirfit/win-siti),
lcjcfj,
`ursus pifmi`, nibcjcr mcri wircuscecwcf su`sis, pifjclctcf bcfjsufj
mibcpcfjcf, micbkj mifjcf wircuscecwcf su`sis, lifji`uti silifcr, lifjufmcfj
wircuscecwcf su`sis, lifyilc` chcrc-chcrc `iwircusceccf mi tibivisi, ctcu
hcrc-hcrc bcif ycfj micfjjcp tipct ncji mirifyc uftu` lilpibcjcri `iwircusceccf.

Mcri prkjrcl pifjilncfjcf `iwircusceccf mi L]X Lidtceub @ekirkt

mcpct mitijcs`cf ncewc mcbcl pifjilncfjcf `iwircusceccf, nci` jcsc lcupuf
prkmu`mi pirbu
lilibi`i rcsc pirhcyc miri ycfj `uct. Xidct-sidct utclc mi ctcs milubci mcri princmi ycfj
lcftcp, timc` lumce tirklncfj-clnifj kbie pifmcpct mcf scrcf krcfj bcif,
sihcrc scmcr lcu lifirilc scrcf-scrcf krcfj bcif. jcfjcf lifjeifmcr mcf lifkbc`
scrcf mcf
`riti` krcfj bcif, nce`cf mcpct lilcfdcct`cffyc sincjci lcsu`cf uftu` 
mipirtilncfj`cf, `ilumicf ecrus lilutus`cf sijirc uftu` libcfj`ce
mcf lifjirjc`cf sisuctu ycfj prkmu`tid. Xincjci wircuscecwcf ecrus kptilis
mcf pirhcyc miri, mcpct lilpirtilncfj`cf mifjcf jirfie mcf bkjis ctcs sijcbc
sisuctu ycfj c`cf miputus`cf mcf lifjcmi `klitlif.

Lifurut Cimis Istrif, mcf Lih`iiwihz (>11573) lifyctc`cf ncewc

eunufjcf cftcrc bifj`ufjcf `ibilncjccf mcf pifjilncfjcf `iwircusceccf sihcrc
ilpiris mi ^usic,
ribctid nics nirbcfjsufj mi Fijcrc lcju, trcfsisi, mcf fijcrc nir`ilncfj bciffyc.
Xijulbce
 pifibiticf tibce lifufju``cf `irjcsclc nirmclpc` tirecmcp piribc`u
`iwircusceccf, uftu` lifjctcsi `isifjcfjcf.
Nifyclif (>13173) mcri Qusct Qifjilncfjcf Ofisictid Lcsycrc`ct

5
Cdri`c lifijcs`cf `iuftufjcf `iwircusceccf ncji pilumc mcbcl suctu krjcfiscsi ycfj
nirdk`us
 pcmc pifjilncfjcf uscec ycfj miniftu` pcmc tceuf >11= uftu` lilncftu
pilumc lis`if libcbui `iwircusceccf mi Fijiric uftu` lilncfjuf nisfis ycfj
lifhiptc`cf bcpcfjcf `irjc, pifmcpctcf, mcf pibucfj i`kfkli ncji `ibucrjc,
lcsycrc`ct mcf Fijcrc

libcbui pibctiecf.

5
 Immiskf (>13>78) lifjilu`c`cf ncewc Xincjci `kftrinusi tirniscr, si`kbce tibce
libc`scfc`cf `iwircusceccf uftu` lifmu`ufj prkjrcl c`cmilis tirtiftu
c`cf lilnu`c `ilufj`ifcf ncru ycfj bucr nicsc uftu` siburue nimcfj stumi
`iwircusceccf. Ofi jujc c`cf lilufj`if`cf prkjrcl-scct `iwircusceccf ycfj cmc
mi si`kbce ycfj libinct`cf binie mcri 81 cfjjktc mcf binie mcri >1 prkjrcl-
uftu` lifhcpci pktifsi
 pifue mifjcf lififj`ct`cf pifibiticf, pifjcjcrcf, mcf pifjilncfjcf.

Ibbirlcf (>11478) lifyinut`cf ncewc pifmimi`cf `iwircusceccf mcbcl i`kfkli

trcfsisi pirbu mibiect sincjci upcyc sksicb ycfj scfjct bucs lcju mi nirncjci
nimcfj7
si`kbce mcscr mcf lififjce, bilncjc pifmimi`cf krcfj miwcsc, ufivirsitcs, mcf
 pirjurucf tifjji sirtc mcbcl mklcif ycfj bucs pifmimi`cf punbi` libcbui ibi`trkfi` mcf
hitc` limic.
Lifurut Gkfsmkttir (>1317 =) lifyctc`cf ncewc pifmimi`cf
`iwircusceccf lirupc`cf `kftrinusi ycfj sijfidi`cf tirecmcp upcyc ycfj lc`silcb
mcbcl lilniri`cf
 ni`cb `ilclpucf mcf `ihc`cpcf `ipcmc siswc mcbcl lifjilncfj`cf
`iwircusceccf mcf lifjimiftidi`csi `isifjcfjcf cftcrc tikri mcf prc`ti`,
sieifjjc lclpu lifulnue`cf `ilcfmiricf.

Lifurut @ircbc (>1317 3) lifyinut`cf ncewc ifisictid lirupc`cf si`uib `ijictcf

mihiptc`cf uftu` lifulnue`cf numcyc `iwircusceccf, lifjecsib`cf sisuctu
ycfj
mckct mincfjjc`cf mcf micfmcb`cf uftu` libc`scfc`cf uscec mcf `kftrinusifyc ncji
lcsycrc`ct.
Lifurut Ncnskf (>13>7 3) lifjctc`cf ncewc upcyc
lifjilncfj`cf
`itirclpibcf siswc sincjci nirjcirce, pifjuscec lktivcsi miri mcbcl sinuce `klufitcs
 nirncsis `irjcsclc mcf lifjilncfj`cf `itirclpibcf tirtiftu ycfj lclpu lilniri`cf
 ni`cb ncji siswc.
Ecsib pifibiticf Ncybkr Yfivirsity (>13>7 3), lifyctc`cf ncewc prkjrcl
`iwircusceccf nircmc mi pirifj`ct `imuc mi fijiri Cliri`c Xiri`ct, mcf lirupc`cf

scbce sctu prkjrcl tirtuc mcri jifisfyc. Xiswc lilpirbcjcri `iwircusceccf ululfyc
uftu` lifhcpci hitc-hitc lcsc mipcf ycfj nci`, lilpirkbie pi`irjccf, nisfis
ycfj
lilibi`i pktifsi pirtulnuecf ycfj tifjji. Qcrc siswc utclc lilncftu
mcbcl lifjimiftidi`csi pibiecf `crir ycfj bcyc` mcbcl
`iwircusceccf, lilpirbucs
 pifjitceucf mcscr liri`c tiftcfj prksis `iwircusceccf, mcf lifjilncfj`cf
`itirclpibcf lcfcjilif uscec.