De La Salle University – Dasmariñas

COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND COMPUTER STUDIES

MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS DEPARTMENT
City of Dasmariñas, Cavite

S-MATH001LA – Statistical Analysis with Software Application

1st Semester / Midterm Period / S.Y. 2021-2022

LABORATORY ACTIVITY #1
Descriptive Statistics
Score:
NAME: Marione Alia Fauni___________________ DATE: September 15, 2021____

COURSE/YEAR & SECTION: BSA23____________ PROF.: Ms. Carmela Z. Reyes___

OBJECTIVES
1. Create a pivot table and data visualization in Microsoft Excel.
2. Clearly organize and compute detailed information about the three data sets.
3. Graph and calculate several descriptive measures of the data set using a variety of methods

Data Set 1: Categorical Data

The class levels of a simple random sample of students are as follow:
Senior Senior Senior Freshman Junior Senior Senior
Sophomore Junior Junior Senior Senior Freshman Senior
Senior Senior Sophomore Sophomore Sophomore Sophomore Senior
Senior

Tasks:
a. Construct a table that gives the frequency distribution of this data. Interpret the result.
b. Construct a table that gives the relative frequency distribution of this data. Interpret the result.
c. Construct a pie chart of this data that displays the percentage of students at each class level. Interpret the
result.
d. Construct a bar graph of this data that displays the frequency of students at each class level. Interpret the
result.

ANSWERS FOR TASKS IN DATA SET 1:

Categorical Data
Tasks:
e. Construct a table that gives the frequency distribution of this data. Interpret the result.
Output: TABLE 1. Frequency Distribution of the Students at Each Class Level

Class Levels Frequency

Freshman 2

Junior 3

Senior 12

Sophomore 5

Total 22
 Interpretation: The table above explains the frequency distribution of the students at each class level, namely
freshman, junior, senior, and sophomore, that falls under the categorical data. From the four class levels, the
least frequent is the freshman that got a frequency of 2. On the other hand, the most frequent class level is
the senior, which got 12 from a total of 22 students.

f. Construct a table that gives the relative frequency distribution of this data. Interpret the result.
Output: TABLE 2. Relative Frequency Distribution of the Students at Each Class Level

Class Levels Frequency Percentage

Freshman 2 9.09%

Junior 3 13.64%

Senior 12 54.55%

Sophomore 5 22.73%

Total 22 100.00%

Interpretation: The relative frequency distribution is the percentage of the class level frequency to the total
respondents. Freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior got a frequency of 2, 5, 3, and 12, respectively. Hence,
the relative frequency of freshman is 9.09%, sophomore got 22.73%, junior got 13.64%, and senior got the
highest relative frequency which is 54.55%. Freshman is the least among all the stubs while senior is the
greatest.

g. Construct a pie chart of this data that displays the percentage of students at each class level. Interpret the
result.
Output:

PERCENTAGE OF STUDENTS AT EACH CLASS LEVEL

Freshman
9.09%
Sophomore Junior
22.73% 13.64% Freshman
Junior
Senior
Sophomore
Senior
54.55%

Figure 1. Percentage of Students at Each Class Level

Interpretation: The pie chart above has 4 categories which are freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior. Most
of the students are in the senior level, corresponding to 54.55% of the total respondents, resulting to the
biggest portion of the chart. Conversely, the students in freshman-level correspond to only 9.09% of the total
respondents, which is the least of all class levels, resulting to the smallest portion of the pie chart.
 h. Construct a bar graph of this data that displays the frequency of students at each class level. Interpret the
result.
Output:

Frequency of Students at Each Class

Level
14
12
10 12
FREQUENCY
8
6
4 Total
5
2 2 3
0
Freshman Junior Senior Sophomore
CLASS LEVELS

Figure 2. Frequency of Students at Each Class Level

Interpretation: The illustration above shows the frequency distribution of the students to easily see the
differences between the class levels. The data in the x axis represents the class levels while the y axis
represents the frequency. Moreover, the highest bar got a 12 frequency, and the lowest bar got 2, which are
senior and freshman, respectively. In addition, sophomore got a frequency of 5 while junior got 3.

Data Set 2: Discrete Data

A sample of clutch sizes (number of eggs produced) for a certain type of duck is given as follows:
13 11 9 8 11 7 9 9 10 6
10 10 12 10 10 7 10 11 10

Tasks:
a. Construct a table that gives the frequency distribution of this data. Interpret the result.
b. Construct a table that gives the relative frequency distribution of this data. Interpret the result.
c. Construct a frequency histogram of this data. Interpret the result.

ANSWERS FOR TASKS IN DATA SET 2:

Discrete Data
Tasks:
a. Construct a table that gives the frequency distribution of this data. Interpret the result.
Output: Table 3. Frequency distribution of clutch sizes (no. of eggs produced) for certain type of ducks

R=13-6 Clutch Sizes Frequency

R=7 6 1
K=⎷19 7 2
K=4.358898944 8 1
K=4 9 3
c'=R/K 10 7
c'=7/4 11 3
c'=1.75 12 1
13 1
Total 19
 Interpretation: There are 8 clutch sizes for particular ducks, and as per the data, the total number of eggs
produced is 19. The class size in this data is 1 that is why there is only a one whole number in the stubs. Hence,
the frequency distribution for size 6 has 1, size 7 has 2, 8 has 1, 9 has 3, 10 has 7, 11 has 3, 12 has 1, and 13 has 1
as well. In summary, the least frequent among all the sizes are 6, 8, 12, and 13 with only 1, while the most
frequent is size 10 with 7.

b. Construct a table that gives the relative frequency distribution of this data. Interpret the result.
Output: Table 4. Relative frequency distribution of clutch sizes for certain type of ducks

Clutch Sizes Frequency Percentage

6 1 5.26%
7 2 10.53%
8 1 5.26%
9 3 15.79%
10 7 36.84%
11 3 15.79%
12 1 5.26%
13 1 5.26%
Total 19 100.00%

Interpretation: The table above shows how frequent the clutch sizes are and its percentage. The total
frequency is 19 for the stubs 6 to 13, and the relative frequency for clutch sizes varies depending on the
frequency of a specific size. The most common clutch size is 10 that has a relative frequency of 36.84%. On the
other hand, the nominal standard clutch sizes are 6, 8, 12, and 13, with a frequency of 5.26% to the total no. of
eggs produced.

c. Construct a frequency histogram of this data. Interpret the result.

Output: Figure 3. Histogram of Frequency Distribution on Clutch Sizes for Certain Type of Ducks
Frequency on Clutch Sizes for Certain Types of Ducks
8
7
6
Frequency

5
4
3
2
1
0
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Clutch Sizes

Interpretation: The chart above shows the frequency distribution of clutch sizes for a particular type of duck
that has a total of stubs such as 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13. Based on the data, four sizes only have 1 egg
produced, which are clutch sizes 6, 8, 12, and 13. It is followed by clutch 7 with a frequency of 2, then clutch
size 9 and 11 got 3, while clutch size 10 got 7 which is the most frequent clutch size of the entire egg produced.
Data Set 3: Continuous Data
The low temperature on February 1st in Denver for the last 26 years is given by the table below.

Tasks:
a. Construct a table that gives the frequency distribution of this data.
b. Find the sample mean for this data set.
c. Find the median of this data set.
d. Find the sample standard deviation of this data set.
e. Summarize and interpret the results obtained from Task a to Task d.

ANSWERS FOR TASKS IN DATA SET 1:

Continuous Data
Tasks:
a. Construct a table that gives the frequency distribution of this data.
Output: Table 5. Frequency Distribution of low temperature in Denver for the last 26 years

Year 2-1 Low Temp (°F) Frequency

1996 and 2011 -13--0.7 2
1994 and 2007 -0.7-11.6 2
1988-1989, 1998, 2000-2002, 2004-2006, and 2010 11.6-23.9 10
1986-1987, 1990-1993, 1999, and 2008-2009 23.9-36.2 9
1995, 1997 and 2003 36.2-48.5 3
Total 26

R=48.2-(-13)
R=61.2 c'=R/K
c'=61.2/5
K=⎷26 c'=12.24
K=5.099019514 c'=12.3
K=5

Interpretation: The table above shows the frequency distribution of low temperatures in Denver for the last
26 years. As per the class size, the interval in the 2-1 low temperature (°F) is 12.3. In summary, the most frequent
temperature in Denver for the last 26 years is 11.6-23.9, and it was during 1988-1989, 1998, 2000-2002, 2004-
2006, and 2010. In contrast, the least frequent was during 1994, 1996, 2007, and 2011, with a frequency of 2.

b. Find the sample mean for this data set.

Output: 21.9038461538462

c. Find the median of this data set.

Output: 23
d. Find the sample standard deviation of this data set.
Output: 14.271747777178

e. Summarize and interpret the results obtained from Task a to Task d.

Summary: Table 6. 2-1 Low Temp (°F) Descriptive Statistic

2-1 Low Temp (°F)

Mean 21.9038462
Standard Error 2.79892002
Median 23
Mode 23
Standard Deviation 14.2717478
Sample Variance 203.682785
Kurtosis 0.55391612
Skewness -0.5410541
Range 61.2
Minimum -13
Maximum 48.2
Sum 569.5
Count 26
Confidence
Level(95.0%) 5.76448368

Data are arranged first into one column using Microsoft Excel to make a frequency distribution table
in this task. The class size was calculated to modify the intervals within the classes using the formula in
computing the class size. The years were sorted out and inputted manually in the first column. As per the
mean, median, and standard deviation, the data analysis tool checked its descriptive analysis result.

Interpretation: The given data to assess the frequency distribution of low temperature in Denver for the last
26 years was divided into five classes, and its interval was 13.24. The most and least frequent temperatures
were explained in task a, and the mean, median, and standard variation resulted in 21.90384615, 23, and
14.27174778, respectively. As per the result of the descriptive analysis, the table was also included above. Thus,
this exercise falls under continuous data.