Mohr’s Circle

Mohr’s Circle
Must draw this to show +ve direction. Here,
Anti-clockwise direction is referred as +ve
(Shear
Stress) (x,xy)

2’ (Normal
Stress)
S’ S

P’(y,xy)
 Mohr’s Circle
• Radius & inclined angle
𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦 2 2
𝑟= ( ) +𝜏𝑥𝑦 = 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥
2
′
2𝜏𝑥𝑦
𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝜃 =
𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦 2’
′
𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦
𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 =
2
𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃′ = 𝜏𝑥𝑦
• Hence, the 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 and the
direction 𝜃 ′ can be determinate
from the geometry of the Mohr’s
circle.
 Mohr’s Circle
• Normal stress intersection.
𝑆 = 𝜎𝑀 + 𝑟
𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑚𝑖𝑛
= + 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥
2
𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑚𝑖𝑛
= +
2 2
= 𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 S
• Similarly, 𝑆′ = 𝜎𝑚𝑖𝑛
• Hence, the principal stress can
also be determined from the
geometry of Mohr’s circle.
𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥
(a,b)

’
x’y’
min x’ max
’’

Q’(a’,b’)
𝜏𝑚𝑖𝑛 y’  x’
 Mohr’s Circle
• If we want to determine the normal & shear stress at
a specific angle  anticlockwisely with reference to P,
you can rotate P(x,xy) by 2 & 2+ clockwisely,
point Q(a,b) & Q’(a’,b’) are obtained.
𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦
𝑎= + 𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝜃 ′ − 2𝜃)
2
𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦
= + 𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 ′ 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 + 𝑅𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 ′ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃
2
𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦
= + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 = 𝜎𝑥 ′
2 2
′ 𝜎𝑥 +𝜎𝑦
𝑎 = − 𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜃 ′ − 2𝜃 = 𝜎𝑦′
2
 Mohr’s Circle
𝑏 = −𝑏′ = 𝑅𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝜃 ′ − 2𝜃
= 𝑅𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 ′ 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 − 𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 ′ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃
𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦
=− 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 = 𝜏𝑥 ′ 𝑦′
2
• The general steps are
1) Obtain P(x,xy) & P’(y,xy) by given values or
calculation.
2) Locate P(x,xy) & P’(y,xy) & draw the diameter;
3) Locate the center M. Calculate the radius (𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 ) &
determine 𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 & 𝜎𝑚𝑖𝑛 along the stress axis.
• There is no need to draw the circle in scale, a sketch
will do.
 Mohr’s circle: Example #1
• For the stress state (in MPa) shown, calculate the
principal stresses and principal stress angles.
 Mohr’s circle: Example #1
• Solution:

𝜎𝑚
20 − 5
= ,0
2
= (7.5,0)
 Mohr’s circle: Example #1
• Solution:
(a) 𝜎𝑥 = −5 𝑀𝑃𝑎; 𝜎𝑦 = 20𝑀𝑃;
𝜏𝑥𝑦 = −15𝑀𝑃𝑎 (7.5,0)

20 − (−5) 2
𝑟= ( ) +152 = 19.53
2 𝜙

Hence, 𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 7.5 + 19.53 = 27.03 𝑀𝑃𝑎

15
180−𝜙 180−𝑡𝑎𝑛−1
𝑎𝑡 = 20−7.5
= 64.91𝑜 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
2 2
and 𝜎𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 7.5 − 19.53 = −12.03 𝑀𝑃𝑎
1 15
𝑎𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 = 25.10𝑜 𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
2 20−7.5
 Mohr’s circle: Example #2
• For the following stress
state, determine
a) The principal stress
angles and the principal
stresses,
b) The stress components
after a rotation of 30°
anti-clockwise, and
show these stresses on
a sketch.
 Mohr’s circle: Example #2
• Solution:
 Mohr’s circle: Example #2
• Solution:
(a) 𝜎𝑥 = 100 𝑀𝑃𝑎; 𝜎𝑦 = 60𝑀𝑃;
𝜏𝑥𝑦 = −48𝑀𝑃𝑎
100 − 60 2
𝑟= ( ) +482 = 52
2
Hence, 𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 80 + 52 = 132 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜙 1 −1 48
𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 = 33.69𝑜 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
2 2 100−80
and 𝜎𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 80 − 52 = 28 𝑀𝑃𝑎
1
𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 180 − 67.38 = 56.31𝑜 𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
2
 Mohr’s circle: Example #2
(b) After rotating the point (100, -48) by 2X30o=60o in
clockwise direction (opposite to the question)
𝜎𝑥′ = 80 − 𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽 = 80 − 52cos 180 − 60 − 67.38
= 48.43𝑀𝑃𝐴
𝜎𝑦′ = 80 + 𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽 = 111.57𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜏𝑥′𝑦′ = −52𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽 = 41.32𝑀𝑃𝑎
Mohr’s circle: Example #2
 Mohr’s circle: Example #3
• Given a Mohr circle for a stress state as shown in the
figure.
a) Determine 𝜎𝑥 , 𝜎𝑦 and 𝜏𝑥𝑦 ?
 Mohr’s circle: Example #3
• If the material element is rotated, determine the
values of the following stress components and the
angles of rotation required for obtaining:
b) Maximum normal stress;
c) Minimum normal stress;
d) Maximum shear stress;
e) Minimum shear stress; and
f) The shear stresses corresponding to zero normal
stress.
 Mohr’s circle: Example #3
• Solution:
(a) 𝜎𝑥 = 18 + 25𝑐𝑜𝑠45𝑜 = 35.68 (𝜎𝑦 , 𝜏𝑥𝑦 )
𝜎𝑦 = 18 − 25𝑐𝑜𝑠45𝑜 = 0.32
𝜏𝑥𝑦 = −25𝑠𝑖𝑛45𝑜 = −17.68
𝜎𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥
(b) 𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 18 + 25 = 43
45𝑜 (𝜎𝑥 , 𝜏𝑥𝑦 )
𝑎𝑡 = 22.5𝑜 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
2
as it is anti-clockwise on Mohr Circle.
(c) 𝜎𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 18 − 25 = −7
135𝑜
𝑎𝑡 = 67.5𝑜 𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
2
as it is clockwise on Mohr Circle.
 Mohr’s circle: Example #3
• Solution:
(d) 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 25 = 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥
90+45𝑜
𝑎𝑡 = 67.5𝑜
2
𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
as it is anticlockwise on Mohr
Circle.
(e) 𝜏𝑚𝑖𝑛 = −25 =
90−45𝑜 𝑜 𝜏𝑚𝑖𝑛 (𝜎𝑥 , 𝜏𝑥𝑦 )
𝑎𝑡 = 22.5
2
𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
as it is clockwise on Mohr
Circle.
 Mohr’s circle: Example #3
(f) The normal stress is zero at b and c which are the
intersection of the circle with shear stress axis. They
make an angle  with the normal stress axis.
−1 18
𝛼 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ⟹ 𝛼 = 43.95𝑜
25
𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝜏𝑐 = −𝜏𝑏 = 25𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 = 17.35

180 − 𝛼 + 45
𝜏𝑐 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑡
2
= 90.53𝑜 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
180 − 𝛼 − 45
𝜏𝑏 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑡
2
= 45.53𝑜 𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒