HOW WAS THIS PANDEMIC AFFECTS THE FISHERMEN OF BARANGAY

MAPID

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM

Introduction

COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic by the World Health

Organization in 2020, prompting countries to implement a variety of
measures ranging from travel bans to house confinement and local
lockdowns to minimize and flatten the curve of hospitalizations and
mortality. This pandemic caused health and economic difficulties,
resulting in increased poverty and food shortages, particularly in
agriculture and fisheries in many poor countries, including the
Philippines. The study's particular goals were to examine the impact of
COVID-19 restrictions on small-scale fishermen's catch per unit effort
(CPUE) and what factors would influence the volume of their catch
during this pandemic. Furthermore, the impact of COVID-19 restrictions
on fishermen and their families was explored. To achieve so, we used a
semi-structured questionnaire to interview small-scale fishermen in the
Barangay of Mapid about the impact of the COVID-19 on their fishing
operations, catch, fishing costs, and families. The CPUE and the volume
of catch were then linked to the socioeconomic factors collected,
including emotional responses to the pandemic. The findings reveal
that fishers were disproportionately affected by the pandemic as a
result of the government's earlier restrictions, which included a
lockdown policy in fishing settlements. Fishermen were negatively
impacted in terms of catch volume, fishing expenditures, and emotional
distress as a result of the hard lockdown's effects. The restricted fishing
access was discovered to have significant and significant
consequences.Through the ages, fishing has been one of the earliest
occupations known to man. It has grown from crude and simple
beginning into a complex industry with modern equipment and
installations. The commodities that man derived from the oceans, seas,
lakes, and rivers are more numerous.

Fishing has been an important source of livelihood for many Filipino for
many years. It is one of the oldest occupation of mankind. In
Philippines, both genders have involved in this industry while
performing different roles such as fish production by the male and fish
processing and marketing by the female. The fisherfolks could not be
sustained by the income they realized from fishing activities since the
daily expenses increased.

This is done by small scale farming households using low-cost

production technology appropriate for their resource’s capability. And
generally, fishermen are low in terms of socio-economics aspects. This
challenge is the result of expanding fishing population, lack of
alternative options, and poverty.On many occasions, it is often
stated that the catch of fishermen decreases sharply and the income
of fishermen is reduced,among the most affected areas on the north
coastal are the fishermen of Mapid,Lagonoy, Camarines Sur.These
conditions ultimately led to the decreasing of fishermen welfare.

The catch really are function of several factors, such as availability

of fish stock, fishing grounds, fishing season, fishing gear
productivity and fisher’s skills. Therefore, to produce adequate
catches, fishermen must be able to combine these factors of
production well.

Fisheries are culturally, economically, socially and ecologically

important to Filipinos. They contribute significantly to income,
employment, foreign exchanging earnings, nutrition and thus to the
stability of the Philippines.Some of the environmental issues facing the
fisheries sector are resource depletion, overfishing, destructive fishing,
siltation and pollution.When the pandemic hit Barangay Mapid was
greatly affected not because in many cases of covid 19 perhaps the
most main livelihood was fishing,especially when the lockdown was
announced, it was even more difficult for all the fishermen in Barangay
Mapid because it was difficult to buy fishing equipment due to the
limited time and limited area that could be reached and beyond
thatactivities will reduce the amount of fish available for processing and
trade. Furthermore, mobility restrictions will adversely affect the
transfer of fish to markets.Fish and fish products that are highly
dependent on international trade suffered quite early in the
development of the pandemic from the restrictions and closures of
global markets, whereas fresh fish and shellfish supply chains were
severely impacted by the closure of the food service sectors (e.g.
hotels, restaurants and catering facilities, including school and work
canteens). The processing sector also faced closures due to
reduced/lost consumer demand. This has had a significant impact,
especially on women, who form the majority of the workforce in the
post-harvest sector.

Moreover, there are socio-economic issues of poverty in the coastal

areas and policy issues including the need for strong fisheries regulation
and enforcement.
 Researcher also wanted to know its effects on students from Mapid,
Lagonoy, Camarines Sur who is currently studying at Tamban National
High School. From this study, fisherfolks will be benefited by addressing
the challenges so that some necessary steps will be taken by the
Provincial Government of Camarines Sur, and other agencies that
concern aquatic resources. They may be further provided with
knowledge about the problems and challenges faced by fisherfolks in
Mapid,Lagonoy,Camarines Sur and they may provide needful steps
regarding it.

The Barangay official may enhance their skills along fisheries. Finally,
the advanced skills may increase the income and productivity of
fisherfolks in the community.

Statement of the problem

1.What is the total population of the fishermen in Brgy Mapid, Lagonoy,

Camarines Sur? 2.What are the problems that experienced by the
fishermen of Brgy Mapid, Lagonoy, Camarines Sur?

3.What are the effect of pandemic in fishermen in the following

parameters;

a.Personal

b.Social

4.What functional intervention programs can be formulated to improve

the fishermen's work in pandemic situation?
Assumption of the study

In conducting of How was this pandemic affect the fishermen of brgy

Mapid, hare are the following assumptions:

1. Effect of How was this pandemic affect the fishermen of Brgy Mapid,
Lagonoy, Camarines Sur

2.All the respondent should be cooperative and be reliable of thier

response

Significance of the Study

The significance of this study is to find out the effects of how was this
pandemic affect the fishermen of Brgy Mapid, Lagonoy, Camarines
Sur.These studies are carefully planned to know how students are also
affected by their parents' lack of income from fishing especially those
students who still have to cross the sea to study, and how they can also
afford the allowance for a week.

Scope and Delimitation

The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of pandemic in the

fishermen of Brgy Mapid, Lagonoy, Camarines Sur,and how it affects
students from Mapid, Lagonoy, Camarines Sur who is currently studying
at Tamban National High School.

Definition of Terms

Pandemic-occurring over a wide geographic area (such as multiple

countries or continents) and typically affecting a significant proportion
of the population.

Academic Performance- is the measurement of student achievement

across various academic subjects.

Fishing- the activity of catching fish, either for food or as a sport.

Fishermen- a person who catches fish for a living or for sport.

Livelihood -a means of securing the necessities of life.

Income- money received, especially on a regular basis, for work or

through investments.

Coastal Area- are local administrative units (LAUs) that are bordering or
close to a coastline.

Poverty- the state of being inferior in quality or insufficient in

amount.Student Allowance- weekly payment that can help with your
living expenses while you're studying

Review Of Related Literatures And Related Studies

This chapter present the pertinent concept and ideas relating to the
effects of pandemic on Fishermen of Brgy Mapid, Lagonoy, Camarines
Sur.This following related literature and studies will guide as in the
interpretation of current inquiry of the researcher. this will facilitate in
the discussion and recommendation regarding the present of the
studies.

Impact Of Pandemic On Fishermen

The term "fisheries" is used here to refer to the capture of wild fish
populations from both inland and coastal waters, as well as the capture
of fish stocks that have been improved by stocking and other
techniques, as well as various types of aquaculture.

V Saravanabavan, P Abeesh

International Journal of Geography, Geology and Environment 2 (2), 95-

102, 2020

The study focuses on the importance of the micro-level and spatial

distribution of fishermen activity and analyzes the interrelationship
between environment and health of fishermen.

Masha Menhat

Ocean & Coastal Management 209, 105638, 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 or Covid-19 pandemic has affected many

operations worldwide. This predicament also owes to the lockdown
measures imposed by the affected countries.

Razia Liaqat
Int. J. Fish. Aquat. Stud 8, 42-48, 2020

The recent epidemic that affected the whole world badly is Covid-19.
The RNA virus disease effect particularly respiratory system causing
difficulty in breathing and if condition get severe, it leads to death.

Stephen C Landers

Journal of Shellfish Research 36 (2), 487-500, 2017

Penaeid shrimp including Litopenaeus setiferus (white shrimp),

Farfantepenaeus aztecus (brown shrimp), and Farfantepenaeus
duorarum (pink shrimp) support one of the most valuable commercial
fisheries in the U.S. Southeast Atlantic.

Marc E Frischer

Vaccine 35 (38), 5194-5200, 2017

Context

From December 2015 to August 2016, a large epidemic of cholera

affected the fishermen of Lake Chilwa in Malawi.

Easton R White

OSF Preprints, 2020

The United States seafood sector is susceptible to shocks, both because

of the seasonal nature of many of its domestic fisheries and its global
position as a top importer and exporter of seafood.

However, many datasets that could inform science and policy during an
emerging event do not exist or are only released months or years later.

Sarah Lindley Smith

PloS one 15 (12), e0243886, 2020

Commercial fisheries globally experienced numerous and significant

perturbations during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic,
affecting the livelihoods of millions of fishers worldwide. In the
Northeast United States, fishers grappled with low prices and
disruptions to export and domestic markets, leaving many tied to the
dock, while others found ways to adapt to the changing circumstances
brought about by the pandemic.

Nicholas D Higgs

PeerJ 9, e11924, 2021

The onset of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in early 2020 led to

a dramatic rise in unemployment and fears about food-security
throughout the Caribbean region. Subsistence fisheries were one of the
few activities permitted during emergency lockdown in The Bahamas,
leading many to turn to the sea for food. Detailed monitoring of a
small-scale subsistence fishery for queen conch was undertaken during
the implementation of coronavirus emergency control measures over a
period of twelve weeks.

Christopher Mulanda Aura

Journal of Great Lakes Research 46 (6), 1767-1775, 2020

During the period February to June 2020, heavy rainfall caused

increases in levels and flooding in many lakes in East Africa. This
coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic. These calamities affected
ecosystems and livelihoods, especially of fishers who depend on
fisheries as their only source of livelihood. This study examined the
effects of COVID-19 and flooding on the major inland capture fisheries
in Kenya to illustrate the effect of such calamities on vulnerable
communities to guide

Workie, E., Mackolil, J., Nyika, J., and Ramadas, S. (2020). Deciphering
the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on food security, agriculture, and
livelihoods.

Zhou, Y., Xu, R., Hu, D., Yue, Y., Li, Q., and Xia, J. (2020). Effects of
human mobility restrictions on the spread of COVID-19 in Shenzhen,
China: a modelling study using mobile phone data.

White, E. R., Froehlich, H. E., Gephart, J. A., Cottrell, R. S., Branch, T. A.,
Agrawal Bejarano, R., et al. (2021). Early effects of COVID-19 on US
fisheries and seafood consumption.

Villanueva, J. A. (2018). Assessment of commercially important small

pelagic fishes in Davao

Tháy, P. T. T., Flaaten, O., and Skonhoft, A. (2019). Middlemen: good for
resources and fishermen? Environ. Dev. Econ.

Terry, P. C., Parsons-Smith, R. L., and Terry, V. R. (2020). Mood

responses associated with COVID-19 restrictions. Front. Psychol.

Palanivelu, N., and Malarvizhi, P. (2019). Middlemen role in fish

marketing along the Pudukkottai coastal area.

Effects Of Pandemic In Community In Terms Of Social And Personal Life

During a severe epidemic, the federal government claims that local

communities are largely responsible for public health planning and
implementation. As a result, an assessment of these communities'
current healthcare capabilities and a plan to address any gaps is
necessary. The influence and healthcare capabilities of a model local
community in a mid-Atlantic state are examined in this article. Both
mild and severe pandemics are likely to have an impact on local
healthcare resources, according to two statistical models. Both models
indicate substantial flaws that may exist in local communities. Many
local community healthcare systems will likely lack the means to
respond to a severe 1918-type pandemic influenza or a mild influenza
pandemic; such a healthcare emergency will likely overwhelm local
community resources and present public health measures.

Synthesis Of The State Of The Art

The related literature and the studies have been sum up the effect of
pandemic on fishermen,V Saravanabavan, P Abeesh

International Journal of Geography, Geology and Environment 2 (2), 95-

102, 2020

The study focuses on the importance of the micro-level and spatial

distribution of fishermen activity and analyzes the interrelationship
between environment and health of fishermen.

Masha Menhat

Ocean & Coastal Management 209, 105638, 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 or Covid-19 pandemic has affected many
operations worldwide. This predicament also owes to the lockdown
measures imposed by the affected countries.

Razia Liaqat

Int. J. Fish. Aquat. Stud 8, 42-48, 2020

The recent epidemic that affected the whole world badly is Covid-19.
The RNA virus disease effect particularly respiratory system causing
difficulty in breathing and if condition get severe, it leads to death.

Stephen C Landers

Journal of Shellfish Research 36 (2), 487-500, 2017

Penaeid shrimp including Litopenaeus setiferus (white shrimp),

Farfantepenaeus aztecus (brown shrimp), and Farfantepenaeus
duorarum (pink shrimp) support one of the most valuable commercial
fisheries in the U.S. Southeast Atlantic.

Marc E Frischer

Vaccine 35 (38), 5194-5200, 2017

Context

From December 2015 to August 2016, a large epidemic of cholera

affected the fishermen of Lake Chilwa in Malawi.

Easton R White

OSF Preprints, 2020

The United States seafood sector is susceptible to shocks, both because

of the seasonal nature of many of its domestic fisheries and its global
position as a top importer and exporter of seafood. However, many
datasets that could inform science and policy during an emerging event
do not exist or are only released months or years later.

Sarah Lindley Smith

PloS one 15 (12), e0243886, 2020

Commercial fisheries globally experienced numerous and significant

perturbations during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic,
affecting the livelihoods of millions of fishers worldwide. In the
Northeast United States, fishers grappled with low prices and
disruptions to export and domestic markets, leaving many tied to the
dock, while others found ways to adapt to the changing circumstances
brought about by the pandemic.

Nicholas D Higgs

PeerJ 9, e11924, 2021

The onset of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in early 2020 led to

a dramatic rise in unemployment and fears about food-security
throughout the Caribbean region. Subsistence fisheries were one of the
few activities permitted during emergency lockdown in The Bahamas,
leading many to turn to the sea for food. Detailed monitoring of a
small-scale subsistence fishery for queen conch was undertaken during
the implementation of coronavirus emergency control measures over a
period of twelve weeks.

Christopher Mulanda Aura

Journal of Great Lakes Research 46 (6), 1767-1775, 2020

During the period February to June 2020, heavy rainfall caused
increases in levels and flooding in many lakes in East Africa. This
coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic. These calamities affected
ecosystems and livelihoods, especially of fishers who depend on
fisheries as their only source of livelihood. This study examined the
effects of COVID-19 and flooding on the major inland capture fisheries
in Kenya to illustrate the effect of such calamities on vulnerable
communities to guide

Okyere, I., Chuku, E. O., Ekumah, B., Angnuureng, D. B., Boakye-Appiah,

J. K., Mills, D. J., et al. (2020). Physical distancing and risk of COVID-19 in
small-scale fisheries: a remote sensing assessment in coastal
Ghana.Workie, E., Mackolil, J., Nyika, J., and Ramadas, S. (2020).
Deciphering the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on food security,
agriculture, and livelihoods.

Zhou, Y., Xu, R., Hu, D., Yue, Y., Li, Q., and Xia, J. (2020). Effects of
human mobility restrictions on the spread of COVID-19 in Shenzhen,
China: a modelling study using mobile phone data.

Villanueva, J. A. (2018). Assessment of commercially important small

pelagic fishes in Davao

White, E. R., Froehlich, H. E., Gephart, J. A., Cottrell, R. S., Branch, T. A.,
Agrawal Bejarano, R., et al. (2021). Early effects of COVID-19 on US
fisheries and seafood consumption.

Villanueva, J. A. (2018). Assessment of commercially important small

pelagic fishes in Davao Gulf CY 2004–2013. Philipp.

Tháy, P. T. T., Flaaten, O., and Skonhoft, A. (2019). Middlemen: good for
resources and fishermen? Environ. Dev. E Terry, P. C., Parsons-Smith, R.
L., and Terry, V. R. (2020). Mood responses associated with COVID-19
restrictions. Front. Psychol.

Sunny, A. R., Sazzad, S. A., Prodhan, S. A., Ashrafuzzaman, M., Datta, G.

C., Sarker, A. K., et al. (2021). Assessing impacts of COVID-19 on aquatic
food system and small-scale fisheries in

Bangladesh

Gap Bridge Of The Study

The researcher Related Literature and studies found out that the effect
of pandemic does not only focus to the fishermen of Barangay Mapid.
Researcher emphasize the possible effect of pandemic to the students
from Barangay Mapid that currently studying at Tamban National High
School.

Theoretical Framework

The following theory below will serve as the springboard of the present
study.

Learning Theory

Jack Mezirow 2018

the American magazine Adult Education Quarterly published an article

titled "Perspective Transformation" that introduced the notion of
transformative learning to the field of adult education. The de-
emphasis of social activity has been a significant criticism of
transformation theory. The association of transformational learning
with the realization of a daring idea of a new cosmology by Edmund
O'Sullivan et al. goes way beyond critical pedagogy's political focus.

Social Learning Theory

In social learning theories Shana Yarberry and Cynthia

Sims(2021)agreed that COVID-19 pandemic caused many workers to
move from brick and mortar buildings to virtual/remote environments.
This created situations in which workers were forced to not only work
virtually,but to work alone. The lack of physical contact with others has
the potential to stifle efforts to remain engaged and consequently
impede career development and progress.

Social Cognitive Theory

In social cognitive theory,the fish wealth sector is gaining more

attention; the sector's performance is always tied to proper methods.
Bangladesh's fisheries sector is one of four potential areas listed in the
country's vision for the National Aquaculture Development Strategy
and Action Plan (NADSAP) (2013-2020)

Hypodermic Needle Theory

Jafar Mehrad, Zohre Eftekhar, Marzieh Goltaji(2020)The hypodermic
needle idea is a popular social media theory that influences people's
perceptions, attitudes, and behavior. According to this perspective,
media is both a strong and hazardous source since the user or audience
is vulnerable to the effects of a particular message. In this study, we
examine the relationship between this theory and two person-centered
approaches: constructionist or discourse analytic method and critical
theory approach in the field of information technology. Furthermore,
the importance of libraries in immunizing consumers against this
hypothesis by enhancing their knowledge is demonstrated.