Mustafin Bexultan

Linear Algebra for Engineers

October 18, 2022

Homework 6

Algebra of matrices.

     
2 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 0
1. If A = , B= and C = , then find:
−1 3 2 0 0 0 0 1 −3

(a) A + B + 2C;
(b) A − 5C.

Solution:
         
2 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 2 0 1 2 4 0
(a) A+B+2C = + +2 = + =
−1 3 2 0 0 0 0 1 −3 −1 3 2 0 2 −6
 
4 4 1
−1 5 −4
         
2 0 1 1 2 0 2 0 1 −5 −10 0 −3 −10 1
(b) A−5C = −5 = + =
−1 3 2 0 1 −3 −1 3 2 0 −5 15 −1 −2 17
     
2 1 −1 4 −2 1 1 2
2. Define the matrices A = , B= , C= ,
1 −1 1 2 −4 −2 2 1
   
3 4 1
D= , E=
4 3 2
Compute if defined:

(a) B − 2A,
(b) 3C − E,
(c) AC,
(d) CD,
(e) CB,
(f) C 2 + D.

Solution:
       
4 −2 1 2 1 −1 4 −2 1 −4 −2 2
(a) B − 2A = −2 = + =
2 −4 −2 1 −1 1 2 −4 −2 −2 2 −2
 
0 −4 3
0 −2 −4
(b) undefined
(c) undefined

1
 
     
1 3 42 1×3+2×4 1×4+2×3 11 10
(d) CD = = =
2 4 31 2×3+1×4 2×4+1×3 10 11
    
12 4 −2 1 1 × 4 + 2 × 2 1 × −2 + 2 × −4 1 × 1 + 2 × −2
(e) CB = = =
21 2 −4 −2 2 × 4 + 1 × 2 2 × −2 + 1 × −4 2 × 1 + 1 × −2
 
8 −10 −3
10 −8 0
        
2 1 2 1 2 3 4 1×1+2×2 1×2+2×1 3 4
(f) C + D = + = + =
2 1 2 1 4 3 2×1+1×2 2×2+1×1 4 3
     
5 4 3 4 8 8
+ =
4 5 4 3 8 8
     
1 2 2 1 4 3
3. Let A = , B= and C = . Verify that AB = AC.
2 4 1 3 0 2

Solution:
      
1 2 2 1 1×2+2×1 1×1+2×3 4 7
AB = = =
2 4 1 3 2×2+4×1 2×1+4×3 8 14
      
1 2 4 3 1×4+2×0 1×3+2×2 4 7
AC = = =
2 4 0 2 2×4+4×0 2×3+4×2 8 14
AB = AC
   
1 1 1 2 0 0
4. Let A = 1 2 3 and D = 0 3 0 . Compute AD and DA.
1 3 4 0 0 4

Solution:
    
1 1 1 2 0 0 1×2+1×0+1×0 1×0+1×3+1×0 1×0+1×0+1×4
AD = 1 2 3 0 3 0 = 1 × 2 + 2 × 0 + 3 × 0 1 × 0 + 2 × 3 + 3 × 0 1 × 0 + 2 × 0 + 3 × 4 =
1 3 4 0 0 4 1×2+3×0+4×0 1×0+3×3+4×0 1×0+3×0+4×4
 
2 3 4
2 6 12
2 9 16
    
2 0 0 1 1 1 2×1+0×1+0×1 2×1+0×2+0×3 2×1+0×3+0×4
DA = 0 3 0 1 2 3 = 0 × 1 + 3 × 1 + 0 × 1 0 × 1 + 3 × 2 + 0 × 3 0 × 1 + 3 × 3 + 0 × 4 =
0 0 4 1 3 4 0×1+0×1+4×1 0×1+0×2+4×3 0×1+0×3+4×4
 
2 2 2
3 6 9 
4 12 16
AD ̸= DA
     
3 1 4 2 7 1 18 55 19
5. Given that 1 5 x · 8 2 8 = 51 89 59 , find x.
2 6 5 1 8 2 57 66 60

2
 Solution:
    
3 1 4 2 7 1 3×2+1×8+4×1 3×7+1×2+4×8 3×1+1×8+4×2
1 5 x 8 2 8 = 1 × 2 + 5 × 8 + x × 1 1 × 7 + 5 × 2 + x × 8 1 × 1 + 5 × 8 + x × 2 =
2 6 5 1 8 2 2×2+6×8+5×1 2×7+6×2+5×8 2×1+6×8+5×2
     
18 55 19 18 55 19 18 55 19
42 + x 17 + 8x 41 + 2x ⇒ 42 + x 17 + 8x 41 + 2x = 51 89 59 ⇒ x = 9
57 66 60 57 66 60 57 66 60
 
2 4 1
6. If A = then find 2AT .
9 9 6

Solution:
     
2 9 2 9 4 18
AT =  4 9 ⇒ 2AT = 2 4 9 = 8 18
1 6 1 6 2 12
 √   
3 3 2 2 −1 2
7. If A = and B = , verify that
4 2 0 1 2 4

(a) (AT )T = A
(b) (A + B)T = AT + B T ;
(c) (kB)T = kB T , where k is any constant.

Solution:
√  √
   
√3 4 √3 4
  
T 3 3 2 T T 3 3 2
(a) A = =  3 2 (A ) =  3 2 =
4 2 0 4 2 0
2 0 2 0
 √   √
 
  
√ 5 5
3 3 2 2 −1 2 5 3−1 4
(b) (A + B)T = + = =  3 − 1 4
4 2 0 1 2 4 5 4 4
4 4
 √
     
  
√ 3 4 2 1 √ 5 5
3 3 2 2 −1 2
AT + B T = + =  3 2 + −1 2 =  3 − 1 4
4 2 0 1 2 4
2 0 2 4 4 4
 
    6 3
T 2 −1 2 6 −3 6
(c) Let k = 3, then (kB) = 3 = = −3 6 

1 2 4 3 6 12
6 12
   
  2 1 6 3
2 −1 2
kB T = 3 = 3 −1 2 = −3 6 
1 2 4
2 4 6 12
 
−2
B = 1 3 −6 , verify that (AB)T = B T AT .


8. If A =  4 ,
5

3
 Solution:
     
−2 −2 × 1 −2 × 3 −2 × −6 −2 −6 12
(AB)T =  4  1 3 −6 =  4 × 1


4×3 4 × −6  =  4 12 −24
5 5×1 5×3 5 × −6 5 15 −30
   
−2 1
B T AT =  4  1 3 −6 = −2 4 5  3  = −2 × 1 + 4 × 3 + 5 × −6 = −20

5 −6
T T
(AB) ̸= A B T

 
2 0 1
9. Find A2 − 5A + 6I, if A = 2 1 3
1 −1 0

Solution:
      
2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 1 0 0
A2 − 5A + 6I = 2 1 3 2 1 3 − 5 2 1 3 + 6 0 1 0 =
1 −1 0 1 −1 0 1 −1 0 0 0 1
   
2×2+0×2+1×1 2 × 0 + 0 × 1 + 1 × (−1) 2×1+0×3+1×0 −10 0 −5
 2×2+1×2+3×1 2 × 0 + 1 × 1 + 3 × (−1) 2 × 1 + 1 × 3 + 3 × 0 +−10 −5 −15
1 × 2 + (−1) × 2 + 0 × 1 1 × 0 + (−1) × 1 + 0 × (−1) 1 × 1 + (−1) × 3 + 0 × 0 −5 5 0
       
6 0 0 5 −1 2 −4 0 −5 1 −1 −3
+ 0 6 0 = 9 −2 5  + −10 1 −15 = −1 −1 −10
0 0 6 0 −1 −2 −5 5 6 −5 4 4
 
1 0 2
10. If A = 0 2 1 , prove that A3 − 6A2 + 7A + 2I = 0
2 0 3

Solution:
      
1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 2
A3 − 6A2 + 7A + 2I = 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 − 6 0 2 1 0 2 1 +
2 0 3 2 0 3 2 0 3 2 0 3 2 0 3
     
1 0 2 1 0 0 1×1+0×0+2×2 1×0+0×2+2×0 1×2+0×1+2×3
7 0 2 1+2 0 1 0 = 0 × 1 + 2 × 0 + 1 × 2 0 × 0 + 2 × 2 + 1 × 0 0 × 2 + 2 × 1 + 1 × 3
2 0 3 0 0 1 2×1+0×0+3×2 2×0+0×2+3×0 2×2+0×1+3×3
     
1 0 2 1×1+0×0+2×2 1×0+0×2+2×0 1×2+0×1+2×3 7 0 14
0 2 1−6 0 × 1 + 2 × 0 + 1 × 2 0 × 0 + 2 × 2 + 1 × 0 0 × 2 + 2 × 1 + 1 × 3+ 0 14 7 
2 0 3 2×1+0×0+3×2 2×0+0×2+3×0 2×2+0×1+3×3 14 0 21
        
2 0 0 5 0 8 1 0 2 −30 0 −48 9 0 14
+ 0 2 0 = 2 4 5  0 2 1 + −12 −24 −30 +  0 16 7  =
0 0 2 8 0 13 2 0 3 −48 0 −78 14 0 23
   
5×1+0×0+8×2 5×0+0×2+8×0 5×2+0×1+8×3 −21 0 −34
 2 × 1 + 4 × 0 + 5 × 2 2 × 0 + 4 × 2 + 5 × 0 2 × 2 + 4 × 1 + 5 × 3 +−12 −8 −23 =
8 × 1 + 0 × 0 + 13 × 2 8 × 0 + 0 × 2 + 3 × 0 8 × 2 + 0 × 1 + 13 × 3 −34 0 −55

4
     
21 0 34 −21 0 −34 0 0 0
12 8 23 + −12 −8 −23 = 0 0 0
34 0 55 −34 0 −55 0 0 0